A slope protection device and construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects

Abstract

This invention relates to the technical field of slope protection, and discloses a slope protection device and construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects. The protection device includes a filter buffer layer and a modular surface layer assembly arranged sequentially from bottom to top. The modular surface layer assembly is composed of multiple protection panel units interconnected by a mechanical hinge mechanism. Each protection panel unit is provided with an anchoring hole and includes an anchor rod. The anchor rod passes through the anchoring hole and the filter buffer layer in sequence and is anchored inside the slope. A pre-compression component is sleeved on the end of the anchor rod located above the protection panel unit, and the pre-compression component provides a continuous vertical downward pre-compression force to the protection panel unit. This invention, through a layered composite structure design, organically integrates multiple functions to form a highly efficient and synergistic protection system, solving the core problem of rigid structures being prone to cracking and fracture due to foundation deformation, and overcoming the defects of flexible structures having weak impact resistance and being prone to chain failures.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of slope protection, specifically to a slope protection device and construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of water conservancy and hydropower projects, the stability of the surrounding slopes of key structures such as reservoir dams, spillways, water diversion channels, and power plant buildings is of paramount importance. These slopes are typically characterized by high elevation, long slope, and complex geological conditions, and are subject to the dynamic effects of frequent rises and falls in reservoir water levels, wave erosion, rainwater erosion, and freeze-thaw cycles. Instability in these slopes directly threatens the safety and normal operation of the underlying main structure, with potentially disastrous consequences.

[0003] Currently, while there are many slope protection technologies applied to such projects, they generally suffer from the following limitations: Existing technologies employ integral rigid structures, which are statically integrated with the slope. When the foundation soil experiences uneven settlement, slippage, or erosion due to water level changes or rainfall, enormous concentrated stress is generated within the structure, making it highly susceptible to cracking and fracture, thus losing its protective function. Repair is difficult, often requiring complete reconstruction, which is costly. Other technologies use flexible protection structures, such as gabion mesh. When facing the continuous scouring and frontal impact of reservoir waves, individual gabions may be hollowed out, leading to a chain reaction of structural failure. The uneven surface roughness of gabions can exacerbate water flow turbulence and increase localized scouring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a slope protection device and construction method for water conservancy and hydropower projects, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower projects, the device comprising a reverse filter buffer layer and a modular surface layer assembly arranged sequentially from bottom to top, wherein the modular surface layer assembly is composed of multiple protective panel units interconnected by a mechanical hinge mechanism;

[0006] Each of the protective panel units is provided with anchoring holes, and the protective panel unit includes anchor rods. The anchor rods pass through the anchoring holes and the reverse filter buffer layer in sequence and are then anchored inside the slope.

[0007] The anchor rod is fitted with a pre-tightening component at one end above the protective panel unit, and the pre-tightening component provides a continuous vertical downward pre-tightening force to the protective panel unit.

[0008] Preferably, the mechanical hinge mechanism includes a male hinge, a female hinge, and a hinge pin. The male hinge is disposed on the first side of the protective panel unit and is an outwardly protruding hinge ear plate with a pin hole.

[0009] The female hinge is located on the second side of the protective panel unit adjacent to the first side. The female hinge is a recessed groove that engages with the male hinge of the adjacent panel unit. A pin hole is provided inside the groove.

[0010] The hinge pin passes through the pin holes of the interlocking male and female hinge components, realizing the hinge connection between two adjacent protective panel units.

[0011] Preferably, a gap is provided between the hinge lug of the male hinge member and the slot of the female hinge member, so that relative rotation can occur between adjacent protective panel units within a limited range.

[0012] Preferably, the water-facing sidewall of the protective panel unit is provided with an elastic buffer assembly, which includes a base, a guide rod in a groove on the base, a movable block slidably sleeved on the guide rod, a spring sleeved on the guide rod, a connecting rod hinged to one side of the movable block, and a wave-damping plate hinged between the two connecting rods.

[0013] Preferably, the protective panel unit is provided with a drainage guide channel inside, which is connected to the joint of the protective panel unit. A circular filter screen is embedded at the entrance of the drainage guide channel, and the anchoring hole is a conical countersunk hole with the large diameter facing up and the small diameter facing down.

[0014] Preferably, the pre-tightening assembly includes a pressure transmission pad, a disc spring assembly, and an adjusting nut, wherein the lower surface of the pressure transmission pad is in contact with the inner conical surface of the conical countersunk hole.

[0015] Preferably, the disc spring assembly is composed of multiple disc springs connected in series on the same axis. The lower end of the disc spring assembly contacts the pressure transmission pad. The adjusting nut is engaged with the external thread at the top of the anchor rod. Tightening the adjusting nut compresses the disc spring assembly to generate a pre-compression force.

[0016] The pre-compression assembly is equipped with a protective cover, which is fixed to the surface of the protective panel unit by bolts.

[0017] Preferably, the reverse filter buffer layer includes, from bottom to top, a geocell layer, a graded crushed stone layer, and a geotextile filter layer. The geocell layer is fixed to the slope surface by U-shaped positioning nails. The geocell layer is filled with a graded crushed stone layer. A geotextile filter layer is laid on top of the graded crushed stone layer. A counterweight is placed in each cell of the geocell layer.

[0018] Preferably, the protective panel unit is a rectangular plate made of high-strength alloy steel, with reinforcing ribs stamped on the plate body, the anchor rod is a hollow anchor rod, the anchor rod body is provided with grouting holes, and the end of the anchor rod is provided with an enlarged anchoring section.

[0019] A construction method for a slope protection device in a water conservancy and hydropower project, the method comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1: Use excavators and bulldozers to perform preliminary slope trimming;

[0021] S2: First, unfold and fix the geocell layer, then fill the cell with a layer of graded crushed stone, and finally lay the geotextile filter layer.

[0022] S3: Install the modular surface layer system, use slope hoisting equipment to hoist the protective panel units one by one to the slope from top to bottom, and connect them into a whole through mechanical hinge mechanism;

[0023] S4: Using a drilling rig with a positioning guide frame, drill down through the anchoring holes on the protective panel unit to the design depth, insert the anchor rod, and perform grouting anchoring;

[0024] S5: Install the pressure transmission pad and disc spring assembly in sequence at the top of the anchor bolt, and finally tighten the preload adjusting nut to the design torque so that the preload assembly generates the design preload force;

[0025] S6: Repeat steps S3 to S5 until the protection construction of the entire slope is completed.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. This invention integrates multiple functions through a layered composite structure design to form a highly efficient and synergistic protection system. The reverse filter buffer layer consists of a geocell layer, a graded crushed stone layer, and a geotextile filter layer. The geotextile filter layer can effectively prevent the loss of fine soil particles from the slope and prevent the interior from being hollowed out, while allowing water to pass through smoothly. Together with the voids in the graded crushed stone layer, it forms a drainage channel. Combined with the drainage guide channel and circular filter screen inside the panel, a complete drainage path is constructed from the inside of the slope to the surface of the panel, so as to discharge seepage water in time, reduce the hydrostatic pressure on the back of the panel, and ensure structural stability.

[0028] 2. This invention connects adjacent protective panel units with male hinges, female hinges, and hinge pins, and leaves a gap between the hinge ear plate and the slot, so that the entire surface layer can be connected as a whole, while allowing relative rotation of adjacent panels within a limited range. When the slope undergoes slight deformation due to water level changes, earthquakes, or seepage, the surface layer can adjust its shape accordingly, actively releasing the internal stress of the structure, and fundamentally avoiding the risk of cracking and breakage.

[0029] 3. The present invention uses high-strength alloy steel to make the protective panel unit and is equipped with reinforcing ribs, which has extremely high rigidity and deformation resistance. It can directly withstand and disperse the impact force of waves, ice flow and hydrostatic pressure, and convert the concentrated load into a uniformly distributed load to the lower layer, effectively resisting strong external impacts. In addition, the elastic buffer component reduces the direct impact of water flow on the protective surface layer. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the slope protection device of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the reverse filter buffer layer of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the geocell layer of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the reinforcing ribs and anchor rods of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the wave-damping plate of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the mechanical hinge structure of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the elastic buffer component of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the pre-compression assembly of the present invention.

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the drainage guide channel of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the pin hole and clearance of the present invention.

[0040] In the diagram: 1-Reverse filter buffer layer, 11-Geocell layer, 12-U-shaped positioning nail, 13-Graded crushed stone layer, 14-Geotextile filter layer, 15-Counterweight block, 2-Modular surface layer component, 21-Protective panel unit, 22-Anchoring hole, 23-Reinforcing rib, 24-Male hinge, 25-Pin hole, 26-Female hinge, 27-Hinge pin, 28-Gap, 3-Anchor rod, 31-Grouting hole, 32-Anchoring section enlarged head, 4-Pre-compression component, 41-Pressure transmission gasket, 42-Disc spring assembly, 43-Adjusting nut, 44-Protective cover, 5-Wave damping plate, 51-Elastic buffer component, 52-Guide rod, 53-Moving block, 54-Spring, 55-Connecting rod, 6-Drainage guide channel, 61-Circular filter screen. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: the slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower projects provided in the embodiments of the present invention includes a reverse filter buffer layer 1 and a modular surface layer component 2 laid sequentially on the slope surface from bottom to top. The modular surface layer component 2 is composed of multiple protective panel units 21 connected to each other by a mechanical hinge mechanism.

[0043] like Figure 2 and Figure 3 The reverse filter buffer layer 1 includes, from bottom to top, a geocell layer 11 fixed to the slope by U-shaped positioning nails 12. The geocell layer 11 is made of high-strength HDPE material. Each cell of the geocell layer 11 is filled with a graded crushed stone layer 13, and a counterweight block 15 is placed in the middle of each cell. The counterweight block 15 is a C25 plain concrete precast block, which is used to enhance the overall anti-buoyancy and anti-sliding stability. A geotextile filter layer 14 is laid on top of the graded crushed stone layer 13 to prevent soil particles from being lost while ensuring smooth water infiltration. The reverse filter buffer layer 1 works together to disperse slope stress, effectively buffer external load impact, and realize the reverse filtration drainage function.

[0044] The filter buffer layer 1, as the foundation of the entire protective structure, is first laid on the trimmed slope. The geocell layer 11 is fixed to the slope by U-shaped positioning nails 12, which confine the dispersed slope soil into individual cells. The counterweights 15 in the cells increase the overall weight of the layer, greatly improving its ability to resist seepage pressure when the water level drops and its anti-sliding stability. When external loads, such as wave impact and rainwater erosion, are transmitted to this layer, the graded crushed stone layer 13 with high shear strength serves as the main load-bearing layer, which can quickly disperse the concentrated load to a larger slope area, avoiding stress concentration directly acting on the soil slope, thereby playing an effective buffering role.

[0045] When the water level inside the slope rises and the seepage water flows outward, the geotextile filter layer 14 allows the water to flow freely, but at the same time effectively prevents the fine soil particles inside the slope from being lost with the water flow, preventing the inside of the slope from being hollowed out. After the seepage water passes smoothly through the geotextile, it enters the voids of the graded crushed stone layer 13, providing a channel for subsequent discharge.

[0046] like Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, each protective panel unit 21 in the modular surface layer assembly 2 is a rectangular plate made of high-strength alloy steel. Reinforcing ribs 23 are stamped on the plate to improve the rigidity and deformation resistance of the panel. Each protective panel unit 21 is provided with an anchoring hole 22, which is a conical countersunk hole with the larger diameter facing up and the smaller diameter facing down. A drainage guide channel 6 is also provided inside the protective panel unit 21. The drainage guide channel 6 is connected to the joint between the panel and the panel. A circular filter screen 61 is embedded at the entrance of the drainage guide channel 6 to filter impurities and prevent blockage, so that water that seeps into the back of the panel can be discharged smoothly.

[0047] Adjacent protective panel units 21 are connected by a mechanical hinge mechanism, which includes a male hinge 24, a female hinge 26, and a hinge pin 27.

[0048] The male hinge 24 is disposed on the first side of the protective panel unit 21. It is a hinge ear plate that protrudes outward and has a pin hole 25. The female hinge 26 is disposed on the second side adjacent to the first side. It is a groove that is recessed inward and can engage with the male hinge 24 of the adjacent panel. The groove is also provided with a pin hole 25.

[0049] like Figure 6 and Figure 10 The hinge pin 27 passes through the pin hole 25 of the interlocking male hinge 24 and female hinge 26, thereby realizing the hinge of two adjacent protective panel units 21. In particular, a gap 28 is reserved between the hinge ear plate of the male hinge 24 and the slot of the female hinge 26, so that the relative rotation between adjacent panel units can occur within a limited range, thereby adapting to the uneven settlement and deformation of the slope and avoiding the generation of concentrated stress inside the structure.

[0050] Each protective panel unit 21 is anchored to the inside of the slope by anchor rods 3. The anchor rods 3 are hollow anchor rods with grouting holes 31 on their rod bodies and an enlarged anchor section 32 at the end. The anchor rods 3 pass through the anchoring holes 22 and the filter buffer layer 1 on the protective panel unit 21 in sequence and are then anchored into the slope. Pressure grouting is performed through the grouting holes 31 to ensure anchoring reliability. The design pull-out force of the anchor rods 3 is not less than 150kN, and the anchoring length is determined by calculation based on geological conditions.

[0051] The protective panel unit 21 is made of high-strength alloy steel and has reinforcing ribs 23. It has sufficient rigidity to directly withstand and disperse the impact force and hydrostatic pressure of waves, ice flow, etc., and convert the concentrated load into a uniformly distributed load, which is then transferred downward to the filter buffer layer 1.

[0052] All panels are connected into a single surface layer by a mechanical hinge mechanism, but it is not completely rigid. When the slope experiences uneven settlement or slight slippage due to water level changes, earthquakes, or internal seepage, the slope shape will change. At this time, the gap 28 set between the male hinge 24 and the female hinge 26 allows relative rotation between adjacent protective panel units 21 within a limited range. The entire surface layer can make slight shape adjustments with the deformation of the slope while maintaining its own structural integrity, thereby releasing the huge concentrated stress generated by the constraint deformation inside the structure and completely avoiding the risk of cracking and breaking of traditional integral rigid structures.

[0053] like Figure 9 After the slope seepage water passes through the reverse filter buffer layer 1, it will accumulate on the back of the panel. The drainage channel 6 set inside the panel is connected to the joint, providing a dedicated discharge path for this seepage water. After the water flows through the circular filter screen 61 at the inlet, it is discharged from the panel joint along the drainage channel 6, and will not form hydrostatic pressure that is detrimental to the panel behind the panel.

[0054] like Figure 1 and Figure 8 An anchor rod 3 is fitted with a pre-tightening assembly 4 at one end above the protective panel unit 21. The pre-tightening assembly 4 includes a pressure transmission pad 41, a disc spring assembly 42, and an adjusting nut 43.

[0055] The lower surface of the pressure transmission pad 41 is in contact with the inner conical surface of the conical countersunk hole on the protective panel unit 21; the disc spring assembly 42 is composed of multiple disc springs connected in series on the same axis, and its lower end is in contact with the pressure transmission pad 41; the adjusting nut 43 is engaged with the external thread at the top of the anchor rod 3.

[0056] By tightening the adjusting nut 43, the disc spring assembly 42 is compressed, thereby generating a continuous vertical downward pre-compression force, which presses the protective panel unit 21 tightly onto the filter buffer layer 1, ensuring a tight bond between the surface layer and the slope. A protective cover 44 is also provided on the outside of the pre-compression assembly 4. The protective cover 44 is fixed to the surface of the protective panel unit 21 by bolts to protect the internal components from environmental influences.

[0057] The hollow anchor rod 3 is inserted deep into the slope. The enlarged anchor section 32 at its end and the cement grout injected through the grouting hole 31 make it firmly bonded to the stable rock and soil, providing strong anchoring force to resist the outward slippage and overturning tendency of the surface layer.

[0058] The core of the pre-compression assembly 4 is the disc spring assembly 42. During installation, the disc spring assembly 42 is compressed by tightening the adjusting nut 43. After the spring is compressed, it generates a strong rebound force. This rebound force is continuously applied to the protective panel unit 21 through the pressure transmission pad 41, providing a vertical downward clamping force. This pre-compression force makes the panel firmly pressed against the filter buffer layer 1, ensuring that the load can be effectively transmitted downward and avoiding impact damage caused by the separation between the two. Even if the filter buffer layer 1 or the slope surface is slightly compressed and thinned due to scouring and settlement during long-term operation, the elastic deformation characteristics of the disc spring assembly 42 allow it to elongate within a certain range, but it can still maintain sufficient clamping force to ensure that the entire protective system is always in a tight fit. This solves the problem of traditional rigid anchors failing due to foundation deformation. The protective cover 44 protects this precision adjustment mechanism from erosion and corrosion by mud, water flow and rust.

[0059] like Figure 5 and Figure 7 An elastic buffer assembly 51 is also provided on the water-facing side wall of the protective panel unit 21. The elastic buffer assembly 51 includes a base fixed on the panel, a guide rod 52 installed in the groove of the base, a moving block 53 slidably sleeved on the guide rod 52, and a spring 54 sleeved on the guide rod 52. The spring 54 is a stainless steel spring, and its model can be selected according to the actual working conditions.

[0060] A connecting rod 55 is hinged to one side of the movable block 53, and a wave-damping plate 5 is hinged between the two connecting rods 55. When waves impact the wave-damping plate 5, the impact force pushes the movable block 53 to slide along the guide rod 52 and compress the spring 54 through the connecting rod 55. The spring 54 absorbs the impact energy and dissipates the wave force through elastic reset, thereby effectively reducing the direct impact of water flow on the protective surface layer.

[0061] A construction method for a slope protection device in a water conservancy and hydropower project, the method comprising the following steps:

[0062] S1: Slope trimming. Excavators and bulldozers are used for preliminary slope trimming to remove loose material from the surface, ensuring the slope flatness error is controlled within ±50mm. For soil slopes, the slope is trimmed according to the designed slope ratio; for rock slopes, loose and unstable rocks are removed from the surface. After trimming, a smooth roller is used to compact the slope surface, achieving a compaction degree of not less than 93%.

[0063] S2: Construction of the reverse filter buffer layer 1: First, arrange U-shaped positioning nails 12 according to the design position, drill holes with a hand-held impact drill, inject cement mortar and insert U-shaped positioning nails 12, then unfold the geocell layer 11, with the cell laying direction perpendicular to the water flow direction, manually tighten and fix it to the U-shaped positioning nails 12 with U-shaped clips, then fill the cells with graded crushed stone layer 13 in layers, compact it with a plate vibrator, and the compaction degree reaches more than 95%, and finally lay the geotextile filter layer 14, keeping it flat and wrinkle-free during laying, and sewing it with nylon thread;

[0064] S3: Modular surface installation. Using slope hoisting equipment, special hoisting tools are used to lift the protective panel units 21 one by one from top to bottom to the slope and place them in place. During installation, the first panel is placed first, and then adjacent panels are installed in sequence. They are connected to each other as a whole through mechanical hinge mechanism. When connecting, first insert the male hinge 24 into the slot of the female hinge 26, align the pin hole 25 and insert the hinge pin 27, and finally install the cotter pin. After the panel is in place, temporary supports are used for fixation to ensure accurate installation position.

[0065] S4: Anchor installation and grouting. Use a drilling rig with a positioning guide frame. After the drilling rig is in place, adjust the angle so that the drill rod is perpendicular to the slope. Drill the hole through the anchor hole 22 on the protective panel unit 21 to the design depth. After the hole is formed, clean the hole and then insert the prefabricated anchor rod 3. Before inserting the anchor rod 3, tie the grouting pipe according to the design requirements. Grouting adopts the bottom return grouting method. When the grout overflows from the hole, slowly lift the grouting pipe until the entire anchor hole is filled. The anchor rod shall not be disturbed within 24 hours after the grouting is completed.

[0066] S5: Install pressure transmission pad 41 and disc spring assembly 42 sequentially at the top of anchor bolt 3, and finally tighten preload adjusting nut 43 to the designed torque so that preload assembly 4 generates designed preload force.

[0067] S6: Pre-tightening assembly installation: Install pressure transmission pad 41 and disc spring assembly 42 in sequence at the top of anchor rod 3, and finally tighten pre-tightening force adjusting nut 43. Apply pre-tightening force using a torque wrench, and apply it in stages according to the design torque value. The design torque is calculated and determined according to the pre-tightening force requirements. After the pre-tightening force is applied, install the protective cover 44 and tighten it with bolts.

[0068] S7: Install the elastic buffer assembly 51. Position the seat according to the design position, drill and tap holes on the panel, fix the seat with bolts, and then install the guide rod 52, moving block 53 and spring 54. Before installing the spring, check the free height and stiffness coefficient. It can only be installed after it meets the design requirements. Finally, install the connecting rod 55 and the wave damping plate 5. Inject lithium-based grease into all hinge points. After installation, check whether the movement of each component is flexible and whether there is any jamming.

[0069] S8: Repeat steps S3 to S6 until the protection construction of the entire slope is completed.

[0070] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower projects, characterized in that: The protection device comprises, from bottom to top, a reverse filtration buffer layer and a modular surface layer assembly, the modular surface layer assembly is composed of a plurality of protection panel units connected to each other by a mechanical hinge mechanism; Each of the protection panel units is provided with an anchoring hole, the protection panel unit comprises an anchor rod, the anchor rod is anchored in the interior of the slope body after passing through the anchoring hole and the reverse filtration buffer layer in sequence; An end of the anchor rod above the protection panel unit is sleeved with a pre-pressing assembly, the pre-pressing assembly provides a continuous vertical downward pre-pressing force to the protection panel unit; The mechanical hinge mechanism comprises a male hinge piece, a female hinge piece and a hinge pin, the male hinge piece is arranged on a first side edge of the protection panel unit, the male hinge piece is a outwardly protruding hinge lug plate with a pin hole, the female hinge piece is arranged on a second side edge adjacent to the first side edge of the protection panel unit, the female hinge piece is an inwardly recessed clamping groove which is engaged with the male hinge piece of the adjacent panel unit, the clamping groove is provided with a pin hole inside, and the hinge pin penetrates the pin holes of the male hinge piece and the female hinge piece to realize the hinge connection of the adjacent two protection panel units; A gap is arranged between the hinge lug plate of the male hinge piece and the clamping groove of the female hinge piece, so that the adjacent protection panel units can rotate relative to each other within a limited range; The pre-pressing assembly comprises a pressure conduction gasket, a disc spring group and an adjusting nut, the lower surface of the pressure conduction gasket is attached to the inner taper surface of the conical counter-sunk hole; The reverse filtration buffer layer comprises, from bottom to top, a geocell layer, a graded gravel layer and a geotextile filter layer, the geocell layer is fixed on the slope surface by U-shaped positioning nails, the graded gravel layer is filled in the grid of the geocell layer, the geotextile filter layer is laid on the top of the graded gravel layer, and a counterweight is placed in each unit cell of the geocell layer.

2. The device for protecting slope of water conservancy and hydropower engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: An elastic buffer assembly is arranged on the water-facing side wall of the protection panel unit, the elastic buffer assembly comprises a seat body, a guide rod is arranged in the groove on the seat body, a moving block is slidably sleeved on the guide rod, a spring is sleeved on the guide rod, a connecting rod is hinged on one side of the moving block, and a wave absorbing plate is hinged between the two connecting rods.

3. The device for protecting slope of water conservancy and hydropower engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: A drainage guide groove is arranged in the interior of the protection panel unit, the drainage guide groove is communicated with the joint of the protection panel unit, a circular filter screen is embedded at the inlet of the drainage guide groove, the anchoring hole is a conical counter-sunk hole, and the large-diameter end of the conical counter-sunk hole is upward and the small-diameter end is downward.

4. The hydraulic engineering slope protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The disc spring group is composed of a plurality of coaxially connected disc springs, the lower end of the disc spring group is in contact with the pressure conduction gasket, the adjusting nut is matched with the external thread at the top end of the anchor rod, and the adjusting nut is tightened to compress the disc spring group and generate a pre-pressing force; A protective cover is arranged outside the pre-pressing assembly, and the protective cover is fixed on the surface of the protection panel unit by bolts.

5. The hydraulic and hydroelectric engineering slope protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protection panel unit is a rectangular plate made of high-strength alloy steel, and a reinforcing rib is stamped on the plate body of the protection panel unit, the anchor rod is a hollow anchor rod, a grouting hole is formed on the rod body of the anchor rod, and an anchor segment enlarged head is arranged at the end of the anchor rod.

6. A construction method of a slope protection device for water conservancy and hydropower engineering, characterized by: The construction method is applied to the slope protection device of the water conservancy and hydropower engineering according to any one of claims 1-5, and the construction method comprises the following steps: S1: using excavators and bulldozers to preliminarily trim the slope; S2: First, the geocell layer is unfolded and fixed, then the graded gravel layer is filled into the geocell, and finally the geotextile filter layer is laid; S3: Install the modular surface system, use the slope hoisting equipment, hoist the protective panel units to the slope surface from top to bottom, and connect them into a whole through the mechanical hinged mechanism; S4: Use the drill with a positioning guide frame to drill down to the designed depth through the anchor hole on the protective panel unit, insert the anchor rod and perform grouting anchoring; S5: Install the pressure transmission gasket and the disc spring set on the top of the anchor rod in turn, and finally tighten the pre-tightening force adjusting nut to the designed torque, so that the pre-pressing assembly generates the designed pre-pressing force; S6: Repeat steps S3 to S5 until the entire slope surface is protected.

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