Integrated streamline hydrogenation gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow regulation and control and control method

Abstract

The invention provides an integrated streamline hydrogenation gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow regulation and control and a control method, and relates to the field of high-pressure hydrogen filling of a hydrogen storage system of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, and the integrated streamline hydrogenation gun comprises a main valve body, a stop valve, a first filter, a redundant one-way valve, a flow regulation valve, a second filter, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor and a flow sensor. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature T in the valve body in real time, when T1 is smaller than or equal to Tlt, the pressure sensor starts real-time pressure monitoring; when T2 is greater than T2, starting cooling until Tlt; t1; when the real-time pressure is Plt; when P1 is greater than P1, the flow sensor starts pre-filling flow monitoring, and when the pre-filling flow Q is within a first flow threshold range, filling is performed at a first flow; when P1 is smaller than or equal to Plt; when P2 is greater than P2, filling is performed at a second flow; when P2 < = Plt; and when P is equal to P3, the stop valve is closed to stop hydrogen filling. The hydrogenation gun adopts the streamline valve body, is high in integration level, can meet the multi-pressure-grade filling requirement, and is safe and efficient.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen storage system high-pressure hydrogen refueling, in particular to an integrated flow line type hydrogen refueling gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow control and a control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Hydrogen has strong permeability and diffusivity, is a colorless gas that is flammable and explosive, has the smallest molecular size and extremely low density, and has extremely strict requirements for sealing and material compatibility. In a high-pressure hydrogen fast refueling system, the front end of the hydrogen refueling gun is connected to the hydrogen storage system or hydrogen supply source of the hydrogen refueling station upstream, and the rear end is connected to the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage system downstream, which is the core hub for regulating the refueling pressure and flow. Therefore, in the field of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle hydrogen storage system high-pressure hydrogen refueling, fast refueling technology is the key support for realizing user refueling experience and breaking through the core bottleneck of commercialization of hydrogen energy vehicles. It is developed to meet the extreme challenges of high safety, wide temperature range, standardized communication, and compact integration. The technical core lies in the optimization design of the flow channel, the high integration of functions, the adaptability of materials to extreme working conditions, and the seamless collaboration of the intelligent refueling control system.

[0003] Users expect the hydrogen refueling time to be comparable to the 3-5 minutes of traditional gasoline refueling. However, fast refueling implies extremely high instantaneous mass flow, typically 1.5 kg / min to 5 kg / min or higher. High flow rates can cause significant Joule-Thomson effects, leading to a sharp rise in hydrogen temperature, which may exceed the safety temperature limit of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage cylinder, posing a safety risk. At the same time, high-speed airflow causes significant erosion, vibration, and noise problems for valves and pipelines.

[0004] In terms of pressure management and safety, the pressure of the hydrogen refueling station storage cylinder is usually much higher than that of the empty vehicle-mounted cylinder, and the refueling pressure curve needs to be accurately controlled. Overfilling needs to be prevented to ensure absolute safety. During refueling, pressure and temperature need to be monitored in real time and feedback control needs to be performed. Instantaneous and reliable shutoff is required at the end of refueling or in emergency situations. High-pressure hydrogen has extremely high requirements for valve sealing, material strength, and fatigue life. Any leakage can cause a fire or explosion. Traditional valves cannot guarantee zero leakage under fast opening and closing and high pressure difference.

[0005] In terms of temperature management, fast refueling causes temperature rise problems. Strategies such as pre-cooling hydrogen, controlling refueling rate, or a combination of both are needed. The combination valve needs to integrate a temperature sensor and be able to adjust the flow in conjunction with the refueling control system. At the same time, the valve material and seal need to withstand extremely low and high alternating temperature shocks.

[0006] In terms of space constraints and integration, the internal space of a hydrogen refueling unit is limited, requiring a compact design. Integrating multiple functions such as connection, on / off, one-way, filtration, pressure measurement, temperature measurement, and communication into a single valve block is an inevitable trend. Integrating multiple functional components within a confined space while ensuring their respective performance, reliability, and ease of maintenance presents significant design challenges. Optimization of flow path design is necessary to reduce pressure drop and dead volume.

[0007] However, early or traditional high-pressure hydrogen refueling solutions for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have several shortcomings, mainly in the following aspects: First, multiple independent valves are used, connecting gate valves, check valves, safety valves, and pressure / temperature sensors via pipelines. This results in large size, numerous leakage points, large pressure drop, slow response, high cost, and complex installation and maintenance.

[0008] Second, early filling valves may have only focused on connection and on / off, lacking the ability to monitor temperature and pressure, communicate, or adjust and match flow in real time.

[0009] Third, under extreme conditions of rapid opening and closing, high pressure differential, high flow rate, and large temperature difference, the sealing life and operational reliability of traditional valves are difficult to guarantee. Furthermore, it is difficult to integrate the real-time data acquisition and flow control required to achieve the complex filling strategies stipulated in standard protocols. Fourth, the filling process is qualitatively controlled rather than quantitatively optimized: valve switching relies on a preset fixed pressure threshold and cannot dynamically adjust parameters based on real-time temperature and pressure data, resulting in low filling efficiency or excessive safety redundancy; Fifth, insufficient collaborative execution capability: The action of a single valve lacks linkage logic with the precooling unit and check valve. When dealing with temperature exceeding the limit or pressure change, it can only trigger passive protection such as emergency stop or lockout, interrupting the filling process.

[0010] While existing research has proposed multi-objective optimization models combining precooling energy consumption, refueling time, and hydrogen filling rate, and employs improved particle algorithms to generate pressure switching coefficients and precooling temperature parameters, the optimization results are difficult to directly map onto the real-time control of the combined valve system. For example, the response delay of traditional solenoid valves cannot match the millisecond-level scenario mitigation requirements of Monte Carlo simulations, and the discrete actions of flow control valves cannot achieve a continuous and smooth transition in refueling rate. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a hydrogen refueling gun control method that integrates valve collaborative scheduling, dynamic parameter feedback, and rapid execution response to overcome the industry challenge of balancing safety and efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0011] In order to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, the present application aims to provide an integrated streamlined hydrogen filling gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow regulation and a control method. The integrated streamlined hydrogen filling gun integrates a filling connector, a stop valve, a check valve, a filter, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a communication module and a flow regulating valve in a compact valve block, so that the volume of the combined valve is greatly reduced. The redundant pipelines and interfaces of the traditional distributed valve group can be eliminated, and the volume is reduced by more than 40%. The internal flow channel of the hydrogen filling gun is carefully designed to minimize pressure drop, avoid dead zones, optimize flow state to reduce turbulence and temperature rise, while ensuring strength and sealing. The integrated sensor in the valve body provides real-time data, which is interacted with the hydrogen filling machine main control system through the communication module to realize closed-loop control, adjust the pre-cooling temperature, control the filling rate, and ensure the fastest filling within the safety range. The stop valve is designed to be quickly opened and closed, achieving millisecond level, and using redundant sealing to ensure zero leakage after millions of actions. The control method is based on the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank to trigger in stages and implement three-level flow regulation: when the temperature and pressure are both below the safety threshold, the first flow rate is started for fast filling; when the pressure approaches the target value, the second flow rate is automatically switched for filling and the third flow rate is finely matched for filling. For temperature safety, if the maximum safety threshold is exceeded, the filling is directly and urgently cut off; if it is close to the critical value, the cooling program is immediately started. Through the cooperative control of multiple valves and the linkage of multiple sensors, combined with the real-time feedback of the outlet pressure of the pressure reducing valve, the system can dynamically and accurately match and optimize the filling rate to realize adaptive flow regulation. This method significantly improves the filling efficiency, effectively prevents the risk of explosion, and ensures the safety and accuracy of the high-pressure hydrogen filling process.

[0012] In a first aspect, the present application provides an integrated streamlined hydrogen filling gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow regulation, comprising a main valve body, a stop valve, a first filter, a redundant check valve, a flow regulating valve, a second filter, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, a first channel, a second channel and a third channel; the stop valve and the redundant check valve are arranged at the hydrogen inlet of the main valve body, the first filter is integrally arranged inside the redundant check valve, the flow regulating valve and the second filter are arranged at the hydrogen outlet of the first channel of the main valve body; the redundant check valve and the flow regulating valve are embedded in the main valve body, the hydrogen inlet is arranged at the inlet of the stop valve, and the hydrogen outlet is arranged at the outlet of the second filter; The stop valve, the redundant check valve, the main valve body, the flow regulating valve and the second filter are sealingly connected and form a valve body structure with a streamlined first flow channel; The hydrogen gun realizes self-adaptive regulation and control of multi-pressure grade hydrogen refueling through a three-stage coordinated control mechanism of temperature-pressure-flow, and based on the real-time monitoring value P of the pressure sensor, the refueling process is divided into three stages of flow control. When P < P1, the pre-filling flow monitoring is started and refueling is carried out at the first flow rate Q1; when P1≤P < P2, refueling is carried out at the second flow rate Q2; when P2≤P < P3, switching to the third flow rate Q3 is carried out; and when P = P3, automatic cutoff is carried out. First, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature T in the first flow passage of the main valve body in real time: ; The pressure sensor monitors the pressure, and uses a segmented optimization control function to control the flow and the valve. The flow control The control function of the cutoff valve is as follows: ; When = 1, the cutoff valve is kept in the open state, and when = 0, the cutoff valve is closed, wherein T1 is the first temperature threshold, T2 is the second temperature threshold, P1 is the first pressure threshold, P2 is the second pressure threshold, P3 is the third pressure threshold, represents AND, ∇Tth is the temperature rise rate threshold, V is the pre-filling flow rate, and P1 < P2 < P3. ; Wherein, t is time, is the actual flow rate change,

[0013] is the real-time temperature change. ; Wherein, t is time, is the actual flow rate change, is the real-time temperature change.

[0014] Preferably, the second channel is arranged at the middle position of the main valve body and forms a vertical orifice with the inner surface of the first channel, the temperature sensor, the pressure sensor and the flow sensor are integrally arranged in the second channel, the third channel is arranged parallel to the first channel and perpendicular to the second channel, and the fourth flow passage of the cooling medium is further arranged in the side wall of the main valve body.

[0015] Preferably, the cutoff valve constitutes the first segment of the valve body structure, the redundant one-way valve constitutes the second segment of the valve body structure, the flow regulating valve constitutes the third segment of the valve body structure, and the second filter constitutes the fourth segment of the valve body structure.

[0016] Preferably, the cut-off valve comprises a manual control and an electric control, the one-way valve of the redundant one-way valve is composed of two one-way valves in series, the first filter is used for filtering metal particles, moisture or pipeline impurities in hydrogen, and the second filter is used for filtering metal debris, sealing material wear particles or fine impurities penetrating the first filter.

[0017] Preferably, during the hydrogen filling process, the pressure sensor feeds back a pressure signal to the controller in real time according to the pressure of the hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the controller sends a flow adjustment signal to the flow regulating valve based on the pressure signal, and the flow regulating valve drives the valve core to displace after receiving the flow adjustment signal, thereby changing the flow passage area and adjusting the flow in real time.

[0018] Preferably, the relationship between P1, P2 and P3 is: P1=0.71P3, P2=0.93P3, and P3= rated pressure.

[0019] Preferably, the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, the first pressure threshold, the second pressure threshold, the third pressure threshold and the temperature rise rate are optimized to obtain optimal parameters by optimizing the objective function, and the objective function is as follows: ; Wherein, ω1-ω6 are weight coefficients of the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, the first pressure threshold, the second pressure threshold, the third pressure threshold and the temperature rise rate, and F is the objective function value.

[0020] In the second aspect, the application provides a control method of an integrated streamlined hydrogen filling gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow regulation, which comprises the following steps: S1, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature T in the first flow passage of the main valve body in real time: ; S2, the pressure sensor performs pressure monitoring, and controls the flow and the valve by using a segmented optimization control function, and the flow control The control function is as follows: ; The control function of the cut-off valve is as follows: ; When =1, the cut-off valve is kept in an open state, and when =0, the cut-off valve is closed; S3, during the filling process, the flow is switched, and the flow switching control function is as follows: ; Wherein, ∇Tth is a temperature rise rate threshold, is an actual flow change, Real-time temperature change.

[0021] Preferably, the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, the first pressure threshold, the second pressure threshold, the third pressure threshold and the temperature rising rate are optimized to obtain optimal parameters by optimizing the objective function, and the objective function is as follows: ; Wherein, ω1-ω6 are weight coefficients of the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, the first pressure threshold, the second pressure threshold, the third pressure threshold and the temperature rising rate respectively, and F is the objective function value. The optimal parameters are as follows: the first temperature threshold T1 is 70℃, the second temperature threshold T2 is 80℃, the first pressure threshold P1 is 50MPA, the second pressure threshold P2 is 65MPA, the third pressure threshold P3 is 70MPA, and the temperature rising rate ∇T th 0.3℃ / s.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present application are as follows: The integrated streamlined hydrogenation gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow regulation has the core advantage of optimized streamlined topological structure design. The streamlined hydrogenation gun follows the gas flow direction, and key components such as the main valve body, stop valve, first filter, redundant one-way valve, flow regulating valve, second filter, temperature sensor, pressure sensor and flow sensor are highly integrated and linearly arranged in series along the hydrogen flow path. This topological structure significantly reduces the flow channel turning and resistance, ensures the smoothness of gas flow, can realize low turbulence and low pressure drop of gas flow, and greatly improves the compactness of the structure. The first filter at the inlet can effectively intercept impurities to protect the downstream precision components; the series connection of the redundant one-way valve and the flow regulating valve ensures controllable flow direction and accurate flow regulation; the second filter before the outlet further purifies hydrogen; and the temperature, pressure and flow sensors are strategically embedded in key positions to realize real-time in-situ monitoring of the core parameters of the filling process. The overall streamlined topology not only optimizes the fluid performance, but also supports the immediate acquisition of sensor data and the execution of flow regulation, and is the basis for integrated function implementation. The integrated streamlined hydrogenation gun can eliminate the redundant pipelines and interfaces of traditional dispersed valve groups, reduce the volume by more than 40%, and directly solve the pain point of limited internal space of hydrogenation machine.

[0023] (2) The hydrogen inlet and outlet flow channel of the combination valve adopts a streamline design, which maximizes pressure drop, avoids dead zones, optimizes flow state to reduce turbulence and temperature rise, while ensuring strength and sealing. Based on computational fluid dynamics and stress field collaborative simulation, the inlet and outlet flow channels are reconstructed into a continuous and smooth variable curvature three-dimensional surface. Eliminate the vortex energy consumption caused by traditional right-angle bends, sudden contraction / expansion structures, minimize the flow resistance of high-speed hydrogen, significantly improve the filling efficiency; the curvature radius dynamically adapts to the flow velocity distribution, completely eliminates the flow dead angle, avoids impurity deposition and hydrogen retention, and eliminates the safety risks caused by slow release of hydrogen in the dead zone; the streamline profile maintains the stability of the laminar boundary layer, reduces the turbulent kinetic energy to 1 / 5 of the traditional design, effectively suppresses the Joule-Thomson effect temperature rise caused by vortex friction, and synchronously relieves material thermal fatigue; strength-sealing collaborative strengthening: while thinning the wall thickness of the flow channel, the internal reinforcement rib layout is optimized through stress guiding algorithm. Fluid mechanics, structural mechanics and material limits are deeply integrated, setting a new benchmark of "low resistance, low temperature and zero retention" for high-pressure hydrogen super-high-speed filling. The combination valve body adopts hydrogen embrittlement resistant stainless steel, and the key seal adopts high-performance polymer composite material, ensuring high-pressure sealing, low-temperature toughness, wear resistance and long service life. The valve body adopts hydrogen embrittlement resistant stainless steel, through ultra-low carbon content, grain boundary purification treatment and stress homogenization process, completely blocking the lattice distortion and crack propagation caused by hydrogen atom penetration. At the same time, the stop valve of the present application is designed to be quickly opened and closed, achieving millisecond level, adopting redundant sealing to ensure zero leakage after millions of actions.

[0024] (3) The integrated sensor of the present application provides real-time data, interacts with the hydrogen filling machine main control system, realizes closed-loop control, adjusts the pre-cooling temperature, controls the filling rate, and ensures the fastest filling within the safety range. The integrated high-precision temperature sensor, pressure sensor and flow sensor collect data at a millisecond level, and build a closed-loop control network with the hydrogen filling machine main control system through the built-in communication module. The integrated control combination valve system integrates multiple valves and real-time linkage with multiple sensors such as pressure and temperature to form a closed-loop control system. Through the coordinated action between the valves and the comprehensive analysis of the sensor data, the complex filling process is accurately managed.

[0025] (4) The control method of the application is based on a hierarchical triggering control strategy of the hydrogen storage tank pressure. The control method discards single flow control, divides the filling process into different stages according to the real-time pressure change of the hydrogen storage tank, and triggers the corresponding control action, so as to realize a more intelligent and safer filling process. Through a three-level cooperative control mechanism of temperature-pressure-flow, adaptive regulation and control of multi-pressure grade hydrogen filling are realized. Based on the real-time monitoring value P of the pressure sensor, the filling process is divided into three-level precise regulation and control. When P < P1, the pre-filling flow monitoring is started and the first flow is filled, and when the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen storage tank are both lower than the safety threshold, the high-efficiency filling is realized. When P1≤P < P2, the second flow is filled to avoid pressure overshoot, and when P2≤P < P3, the third flow is switched to fine matching filling to ensure that the pressure accurately reaches the set value, and when P = P3, the automatic cutoff is realized to directly realize the safety adaptation of multi-pressure grade. At the same time, the temperature safety double threshold emergency control is adopted, when the temperature exceeds the maximum safety threshold, the filling is immediately stopped to eliminate the risk of combustion and explosion. When the temperature is close to but has not yet exceeded the critical safety value, the cooling intervention is immediately started. The control method significantly improves the filling efficiency of high-pressure hydrogen, and through the pre-stage large flow and hierarchical regulation, the risk of combustion and explosion can be effectively prevented through strict temperature and pressure safety threshold monitoring and rapid response mechanism, and finally the safety and accuracy of the whole high-pressure hydrogen filling process are ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 Layout diagram of the integrated streamline hydrogen filling gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow regulation of the application; Figure 2 Layout diagram of the integrated streamline hydrogen filling gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow regulation of the application; Figure 3 Layout diagram of the integrated streamline hydrogen filling gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow regulation of the application; Figure 4 Structure diagram of the stop valve body of the application; Figure 5 Structure diagram of the combined valve body integrated with the redundant one-way valve and the first filter of the application; Figure 6 Installation diagram of the sensor bearing module on the combined valve body of the application; Figure 7 Installation diagram of the flow sensor on the sensor bearing module of the application; Figure 8 Structure diagram of the flow regulating valve body of the application; Figure 9 Structure diagram of the second-stage filter of the application; Figure 10 Flowchart of the hydrogen filling gun control method of one embodiment of the application; Figure 11 The control method principle diagram of the integrated streamlined hydrogen gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow regulation of the present application.

[0027] Some reference numerals in the drawings are as follows: 1-main valve body; 101-main valve body air inlet; 102-main valve body air outlet; 12-sensor end cover; 13-bearing module cover; 14-sensor bearing module; 15-sensor sealing ring; 2-stop valve; 201-stop valve air inlet; 202-stop valve air outlet; 21-stop valve body; 22-valve stem; 23-valve cover; 24-end cover; 25-guide sleeve, 3-redundant check valve; 31-first stage filter valve core; 32-first stage filter cartridge plug; 33-first plug sealing ring; 34-check valve body sealing ring; 35-check valve core; 36-check valve body; 37-check valve spring; 38-fixing seat; 39-washer; 310-retaining ring; 311-pressing cap; 4-flow regulating valve; 41-regulating valve air inlet; 42-valve core assembly mounting hole; 43-flow regulating hole; 44-regulating valve air outlet; 5-second filter; 51-second stage filter valve core; 52-second stage filter cartridge plug; 53-second plug sealing ring; 54-second stage filter valve body; 55-second stage filter valve body sealing ring; 6-temperature sensor; 7-pressure sensor; 8-flow sensor; 81-flow probe; 82-locking bolt; 83-fixing pressure plate; 84-flow sensor; 85-flow sensor sealing ring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In a first aspect, the present application provides an integrated streamlined hydrogen gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow regulation, as shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , which comprises a main valve body 1, a stop valve 2, a redundant check valve 3 integrated with a first filter, a flow regulating valve 4, a second filter 5, a temperature sensor 6, a pressure sensor 7, a flow sensor 8, a hydrogen gas air inlet a, a hydrogen gas air outlet b, a sensor interface c, a first channel A, a second channel B, a third channel C, and a fourth channel D. According to the flow direction of hydrogen gas in the valve body structure, the valve body structure is specifically divided into four sections, the first section is sealed and embedded in the stop valve 2; the second section is sealed and embedded in the integrated combination valve body of the redundant check valve 3 and the first filter; the third section is sealed and embedded in the flow regulating valve 4; and the fourth section is sealed and embedded in the second filter 5.

[0030] As shown in Figure 6As shown, the main valve body 1 includes an air inlet 101, an air outlet 102, and a valve body 11, and a third channel C is provided on the valve body 11 to accommodate a sensor, and a sensor end cover 12, a bearing module cover 13, a sensor bearing module 14, and a sensor sealing ring 15 are provided at the third channel C. The main valve body 1 adopts a streamlined flow channel design, and its core advantage is to significantly optimize the fluid dynamics performance, and simultaneously improve the filling efficiency and system safety. In particular, the smooth and continuous curved surface transition eliminates the concentrated stress of right-angle turns and cross-section mutations, suppresses turbulent vortex, reduces the flow resistance of 70MPa high-pressure hydrogen gas to the lowest, avoids the attenuation of filling rate and the rise of energy consumption caused by kinetic energy loss; in particular, by suppressing gas throttling expansion and turbulent friction heat generation, the hydrogen "Joule-Thomson effect" is effectively alleviated, and the local temperature rise is prevented from exceeding the limit to trigger safety interlock shutdown, ensuring the continuity of filling; in particular, the streamlined profile smoothly guides high-speed hydrogen, weakens pressure fluctuations and impacts, reduces the risk of pipeline vibration and fatigue damage of sealing structure, and prolongs the service life of the valve; in particular, the flow channel without dead angle reduces the probability of particulate matter deposition, cooperates with the filter to reduce the risk of secondary pollution, and ensures the action reliability of precision components such as one-way valves.

[0031] With the continuous rise of the hydrogen energy automobile hydrogen storage tank filling pressure, in order to prevent hydrogen leakage during filling and improve the filling accuracy of the hydrogen filling gun, the hydrogen filling gun can be in a three-stage flow regulation mode, and the three-stage flow control is a first flow, a second flow and a third flow with gradually reduced flow. Through the three-stage coordinated control mechanism of temperature-pressure-flow, the hydrogen filling gun realizes self-adaptive regulation and control of multi-pressure grade hydrogen filling, based on the real-time monitoring value P of the pressure sensor, the filling process is divided into three-stage flow control, when P

[0032] The temperature sensor monitors the temperature T in the first flow channel of the main valve body in real time, when T

[0033] After entering the pressure monitoring, when the real-time pressure P < P1, the flow sensor opens the first flow channel of the main valve body to monitor the pre-filling flow, when the pre-filling flow Q is in the first flow threshold range, the stop valve is opened to fill at the first flow; when P1≤P < P2, fill at the second flow; when P2≤P < P3, fill at the third flow, when P = P3, the stop valve is closed to stop hydrogen filling.

[0034] The whole control process is temperature safety monitoring → pressure partition → dynamic flow regulation The state transition function is as follows: ; The temperature-pressure combined safety envelope is: ; Immediately trigger when exceeding the limit: ; The whole control process is as follows, first, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature T in the first flow channel of the main valve body in real time: ; The pressure sensor monitors the pressure, and uses the segmented optimization control function to control the flow and valve, the flow control The control function is as follows: ; The control function of the stop valve is as follows: ; When =1, the stop valve is kept in the open state, when =0, the stop valve is closed, wherein T1 is the first temperature threshold, T2 is the second temperature threshold, P1 is the first pressure threshold, P2 is the second pressure threshold, P3 is the third pressure threshold, represents AND, ∇Tth is the temperature rise rate threshold, V is the pre-filling flow, P1 < P2 < P3. In specific applications, the constraint conditions of various parameters are as follows: T1 > ambient temperature, T2 = T1 + 10℃, P ∈ [0, P3], P1 = 0.71P3, P2 = 0.93P3, P3 = rated pressure, ∇Tth ∝ Q1, V ∈ [0.8Vnom, 1.2Vnom].

[0035] Wherein, the flow switching condition is as follows: ; Wherein, t is time, is the actual flow change, is the real-time temperature change.

[0036] As shown in Figure 4 The stop valve 2 includes a stop valve inlet 201, a stop valve outlet 202, a stop valve body 21, a valve stem 22, a valve cover 23, an end cover 24, and a guide sleeve 25. The stop valve inlet 201 and the stop valve outlet 202 are respectively arranged on both sides of the stop valve body 21 and are respectively connected with the valve stem 21. The guide sleeve 25 is sleeved outside the valve stem 21. The outer end of the valve stem 22 is provided with the valve cover 23. The valve cover 23 is provided with the end cover 24. The stop valve 2 is used to control the start-stop action of hydrogen refueling. The stop valve 2 is sealingly nested in the first section of the first channel A of the combined valve body 1. The stop valve 2 has two control modes, including manual control and electric control. Both control modes can achieve the control of the start-stop action of hydrogen refueling. When the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle needs to be refueled with hydrogen, the hydrogen outlet b of the rapid refueling combined valve is connected to the hydrogen refueling nozzle of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. Under the condition of ensuring the safety of the connection, the stop valve 2 is opened, and the hydrogen refueling to the hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is started. When the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle reaches the pre-set pressure value, the pressure sensor 8 feeds back the pressure signal to the controller. Until the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is equal to the pre-set pressure value, the rapid refueling combined valve automatically stops the refueling action, and the hydrogen refueling is completed.

[0037] As shown in Figure 5 The redundant check valve 3 and the first filter are integrated into a combined valve body. The integrated combined valve body of the redundant check valve 3 and the first filter includes a first-stage filter valve core 31, a first-stage filter core plug 32, a first plug sealing ring 33, a check valve body sealing ring 34, a check valve core 35, a check valve body 36, a check valve spring 37, a fixed seat 38, a gasket 39, a retainer ring 310, and a gland 311. The check valve and the first-stage filter valve are integrated into a small combined valve through topology optimization and are sealingly nested in the front end second section of the first channel A of the combined valve body 1. The redundant check valve assembly provides a double safety barrier against impurity damage and reverse flow failure in the high-pressure, high-speed, and high-risk hydrogen refueling environment through filtering protection and redundant locking mechanism. The filter in the front part of the redundant check valve 3 can efficiently intercept metal particles, moisture, or pipeline impurities in the hydrogen to prevent foreign matter from wearing the downstream precision valve parts and ensure the long-term stable operation of the refueling system. In the remaining embodiments, the check valve in the rear part of the redundant check valve 3 can be composed of multiple check valves in series to form a redundant design. When one check valve is blocked by impurities or fails to seal, another check valve can still absolutely block the reverse leakage of high-pressure hydrogen, avoiding major risks such as interruption of refueling, backfire explosion, or out-of-control pressure of the storage tank. The integrated combined valve body of the redundant check valve 3 and the first filter provides millisecond-level response to reverse flow protection for high-speed refueling conditions through compact integration, reduces pipeline leakage points, and is a key module for ensuring the safety and efficiency of hydrogen energy refueling.

[0038] AsFigure 8 As shown, the flow regulating valve 4 includes a regulating valve inlet 41, a valve core assembly mounting hole 42, a flow regulating hole 43, and a regulating valve outlet 44. The flow regulating valve 4 is sealingly nested in the third section of the first passage A of the combined valve body 1. During hydrogen refueling, the pressure sensor feeds back a pressure signal to the controller in real time according to the pressure of hydrogen refueling of the hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. The controller then transmits the signal to the flow regulating valve 4. After receiving the feedback control signal, the flow regulating valve 4 drives the valve core to displace, changes the flow passage cross-sectional area, and achieves the purpose of real-time flow regulation.

[0039] The stop valve serves as a basic flow on-off unit and is responsible for opening and closing the fluid. The flow regulating valve performs accurate regulation and control of the flow on this basis. The pre-cooling unit serves as a terminal execution unit and is responsible for achieving a specific cooling function target. In addition, this layer also integrates a redundant design one-way valve, forming a double insurance mechanism against backflow, effectively preventing unintended reverse flow of the fluid under any working condition, and significantly improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0040] As shown, Figure 9 As shown, the second filter 5 includes a second-stage filter valve core 51, a second-stage filter element plug 52, a second plug sealing ring 53, a second-stage filter valve body 54, and a second-stage filter valve body sealing ring 55. The second filter 5 is sealingly nested in the fourth section of the first passage A of the combined valve body 1. As the last barrier before hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, the second filter eliminates micron-level risks through ultra-fine filtration, and is the core defense line for ensuring the long-term sealing, accurate metering, and safe operation of the high-pressure hydrogen storage system. With sub-micron filtration precision, it captures metal debris, sealing material wear particles, or extremely fine impurities that may be generated by upstream valve operation, prevents pollutants from entering the hydrogen storage container, prevents hard particles from scratching the sealing surface of the hydrogen storage tank port or damaging the in-tank sensor, and avoids hydrogen leakage or metering inaccuracy due to sealing failure. Under extreme conditions of high-speed and ultra-high pressure refueling, the sintered metal filter element that withstands high-pressure impact maintains stable filtration performance, prevents sudden impurities from blocking the pipeline or causing valve jamming, and ensures continuous and safe refueling process. During the hydrogen refueling process, the first-stage filter performs the basic protection task, efficiently intercepts particulate impurities in the fluid, and reduces the subsequent processing load and protects the key equipment. The second-stage filter then performs high-precision purification, responsible for filtering out fine particulate matter, and ensures that the purity of the final output fluid meets the stringent standards. The two-stage filter works closely together to form a hierarchical barrier against different particle pollutants, significantly improving the reliability of the system and the safety of the key components, while also effectively reducing energy consumption and maintenance frequency through optimized filtration process. It is a key link for ensuring the quality of the terminal output and the economy of the system.

[0041] The three sensors, temperature sensor 6, pressure sensor 7, and flow sensor 8, are in real-time coordination and data linkage in the high-pressure hydrogen fast filling combined valve, and build the core control closed loop of the filling process. The pressure sensor 7 monitors the pressure difference between the filling port and the storage tank and the absolute pressure value in real time. Its synergistic effect is to provide a pressure difference reference for flow control and trigger pressure equalization logic; when the pressure is too high, the filling is immediately cut off to prevent the storage tank from being overcharged. During the hydrogen filling process, the temperature sensor 6 monitors the temperature rise of the hydrogen flow, focusing on the temperature of the throttle valve, nozzle, and valve body surface. Its synergistic effect is to dynamically compensate for the change in hydrogen density caused by the "Joule-Thomson effect" and correct the flow measurement; when the temperature is too high, the cooling or speed reduction protection is started to avoid hydrogen embrittlement failure of the material. When the temperature is monitored to be out of limit, the system will trigger the highest level of response without delay: immediately execute safety emergency stop to block potential thermal runaway risk, and simultaneously activate the pre-cooling adjustment program, achieving rapid cooling and process control. If a pressure mutation is detected, the system automatically enables the valve locking mode, forms a physical isolation barrier by forcibly locking the key valves, effectively containing the transmission of pressure abnormalities or medium leakage. The design of these two intelligent responses ensures that the system can automatically trigger and accurately respond when facing core parameter abnormalities, providing reliable double protection for equipment and personnel safety and minimizing accident risks.

[0042] As shown in Figure 7 , the flow sensor includes a flow probe 81, a locking bolt 82, a fixed pressure disc 83, a flow sensor 84, and a flow sensor sealing ring 85. The flow sensor 8 accurately measures the instantaneous filling flow and accumulates the total hydrogen filling amount. Its synergistic effect is to receive pressure / temperature data, allowing real-time adjustment of valve opening to achieve flow-PID control; monitor abnormal flow mutations such as leakage or blockage, and link the safety valve emergency stop.

[0043] The valve body 1 of the combined valve adopts a streamlined flow channel design. The flow channel is optimized in terms of fluid dynamics to effectively improve the filling efficiency and system safety. Specifically, the streamlined flow channel design can eliminate stress concentration caused by right-angle turns and sudden changes in cross-section, reduce flow resistance, suppress turbulent vortex, suppress gas throttling expansion and turbulent friction heat generation, reduce the risk of pipeline vibration and fatigue damage of the sealing structure, and prolong the service life of the valve. Specifically, one end of the valve body 1 of the combined valve is a high-pressure hydrogen gas inlet, and the other end is a high-pressure hydrogen gas outlet. The hydrogen gas inlet is sealed and embedded in the stop valve 2. The advantage is that when the high-pressure hydrogen gas fast-filling combined valve is in an unsafe environment or internal components fail, the stop valve can be started automatically or manually to shut off the hydrogen supply, ensuring the safety of the hydrogen filling process. The first front port of the stop valve 2 is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen gas delivery pipe of the hydrogen filling machine, and the second rear port is connected to the first front port of the combined valve integrated with the first filter and the redundant check valve. The advantage of the redundant check valve is to reduce one hydrogen inlet and outlet, thereby improving the sealing performance of the valve body 1 of the combined valve. The second rear port of the combined valve integrated with the first filter and the redundant check valve is connected to three sensors. The temperature sensor 6, the pressure sensor 7, and the flow sensor 8 are integrated and installed in the second channel B, which is located in the middle of the valve body 1 of the combined valve. The outer hole of the second channel B is used to insert the three sensors, and the second channel B and the first channel A form an inner hole. When high-pressure hydrogen gas passes through the first channel A, it will flow into the second channel B hole to collect pressure, temperature, and flow data for the three sensors. The three sensors collect pressure, temperature, and flow data and input them to the controller. After analyzing the data, the controller inputs the signal to the flow regulating valve 4, which matches the digital flow output by the controller in real time. After precise flow regulation, the hydrogen gas is delivered to the second filter 5. After fine filtering by the second filter 5, the hydrogen gas reaches the high-pressure hydrogen gas outlet of the valve body 1 of the combined valve, and finally the hydrogen gas is accurately and safely delivered to the on-board hydrogen storage system. The fourth channel D is used to introduce cooling medium to cool the inside of the valve body, and the cooling medium is cooled by the cooling unit.

[0044] In a second aspect, the present application provides a control method for an integrated streamlined hydrogen filling gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow regulation, as shown in Figure 10 and Figure 11 , which includes the following steps: S1, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature T in the first flow channel of the main valve body in real time: ; S2, the pressure sensor monitors the pressure and uses a segmented optimization control function to control the flow and the valve. The control function of the flow control is as follows: ; The control function of the stop valve is as follows: ; When =1, the stop valve is kept in the open state, and when =0, the stop valve is closed; S3, during the filling process, the flow is switched, and the flow switching control function is as follows: ; Wherein, ∇Tth is the temperature rise rate threshold, is the actual flow change, is the real-time temperature change.

[0045] Wherein, T1 is the first temperature threshold, T2 is the second temperature threshold, P1 is the first pressure threshold, P2 is the second pressure threshold, and P3 is the third pressure threshold.

[0046] In a specific application example, the above parameters can also be optimized by optimizing the objective function, and the optimization objective function is as follows: .

[0047] Wherein, ω1-ω6 are the weight coefficients of the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, the first pressure threshold, the second pressure threshold, the third pressure threshold and the temperature rise rate respectively, and F is the objective function value. According to the weight of different thresholds, the numerical value of different thresholds can be solved based on the determined objective function value. In the specific application process, the improved simulated annealing algorithm can also be used for iterative solution.

[0048] In one specific embodiment, as Figure 10 shown, the first temperature threshold T1 is 70℃, the second temperature threshold T2 is 80℃, the first pressure threshold P1 is 50MPA, the second pressure threshold P2 is 65MPA, the third pressure threshold P3 is 70MPA, and the temperature rise rate ∇T th is 0.3℃ / s. It should be emphasized that the numerical value and the attached Figure 10 are only the numerical value and schematic diagram of one specific embodiment, and the specific pressure value is determined according to the rated pressure, and can be optimized according to the actual situation. Generally, T1>ambient temperature, T2=T1+10℃, P∈[0, P3], P1=0.71P3, P2=0.93P3, P3=rated pressure, ∇Tth∝Q1, V∈[0.8Vnom, 1.2Vnom] can be met.

[0049] The working process of the present application will be further described in combination with a specific embodiment. The rated power of the hydrogen filling gun in this embodiment is 70MPA, and the specific working process is as follows: The stop valve, as a basic flow on-off unit, is responsible for the opening and closing of the fluid; the flow regulating valve precisely regulates and controls the flow on this basis; and the pre-cooling unit, as a terminal execution unit, is responsible for achieving specific cooling function goals. In addition, the layer also integrates a redundant design one-way valve, forming a double insurance mechanism against backflow, effectively preventing unintended reverse flow of the fluid under any working condition, significantly improving the safety and reliability of the system.

[0050] During the flow filling process, the primary filter first undertakes the basic protection task, efficiently intercepting particulate impurities in the fluid, reducing the subsequent processing load and protecting key equipment; then the secondary filter performs high-precision purification, responsible for filtering out fine particulate matter, ensuring that the purity of the final output fluid meets stringent standards. The two filters work closely together to form a hierarchical barrier against different particle sizes of pollutants, significantly improving the reliability of the system and the safety of key components, while also effectively reducing energy consumption and maintenance frequency through optimized filtering processes, which is a key link to ensure the quality of the terminal output and the economy of the system.

[0051] Before starting or maintaining the main fast filling process, the system strictly implements the following sequential three-level monitoring and verification process, with each level being a prerequisite for the next level: first-level temperature safety monitoring, the intelligent control decision layer reads the data of the temperature sensor bottle temperature. Whether the monitored bottle temperature is less than 70°C, if the bottle temperature <70°C, then pass the first-level monitoring, allow entering the second-level pressure monitoring. If the bottle temperature ≥70°C, trigger the safety interlocking mechanism. For example, prohibit filling start, or if already filling, may trigger cooling or emergency shutdown, stop the subsequent process. Second level: pressure working condition monitoring. After passing the first-level monitoring, the intelligent control decision layer reads the data of the pressure sensor hydrogen storage tank pressure. Whether the monitored hydrogen storage tank pressure <50MPa. If the pressure <50MPa, then pass the second-level monitoring, allow entering the third-level flow verification. If the pressure ≥50MPa, may trigger deceleration or fine filling mode, or judge whether the target pressure meets the stop filling condition, will not enter the main fast filling mode. Third level: pipeline unobstructed verification, after passing the second-level monitoring, the system opens the flow regulating valve to a predetermined smaller opening under the instruction of the intelligent control decision layer, so that hydrogen gas pre-fills the flow into the pipeline at a lower flow rate, the intelligent control decision layer reads the data of the flow sensor. Whether the monitored instantaneous filling rate is stable within the preset range of 5~10g / s. If the flow is within the range of 5~10g / s, then pass the third-level monitoring, verify that the pipeline is unobstructed, without blockage or leakage, etc. faults, allow opening the main fast filling mode. If the flow <5g / s or >10g / s, may indicate leakage or excessive valve opening, then determine that there is a potential fault, trigger an alarm and prohibit entering the main fast filling mode, need to troubleshoot the problem.

[0052] The main fast filling mode implementation and maintenance conditions: first, the opening condition: only when the above three monitoring temperature <70℃, pressure <50MPa, pre-filled flow 5~10g / s and no monitoring of any other failure is successfully completed, the intelligent control decision layer will issue instructions to the hardware collaborative execution layer. The flow regulating valve in the hardware collaborative execution layer adjusts to the corresponding opening degree according to the instructions. During the main fast filling process, the system continuously monitors the temperature rise rate of the bottle. Whether the temperature rise rate is ≤0.3℃ / s, if the temperature rise rate is ≤0.3℃ / s, maintain 40~60g / s main fast filling mode, if the temperature rise rate is >0.3℃ / s, trigger the safety interlock mechanism or control strategy adjustment. For example, immediately reduce the flow to the deceleration mode or the fine mode, or start the cooling program, in extreme cases, emergency shutdown, exit the main fast filling mode.

[0053] When the first level temperature sensor of the real-time monitoring perception layer monitors the abnormal hydrogen storage tank bottle temperature, the system executes the following logic for hierarchical emergency response: when the first level temperature control 70℃<bottle temperature≤80℃: the intelligent control decision layer continuously monitors the bottle temperature, if the temperature is found to be >70℃, immediately start the secondary temperature judgment program. Confirm whether the temperature is in the range of >70℃ and ≤80℃, if the condition is met, immediately start the cooling program, such as starting the cooling liquid circulating pump, increasing the power of the cooling fan or triggering the hydrogen flow cooling device. During the cooling process, the temperature sensor feeds back the bottle temperature data in real time. When the bottle temperature falls to ≤70℃, the cooling program automatically stops, and the system allows to enter the next level pressure signal monitoring process. When the second level temperature control is >85℃, if the temperature sensor monitors that the bottle temperature is >85℃, directly trigger the highest level safety interlock, the intelligent control decision layer sends emergency shutdown instructions to the hardware collaborative execution layer. The flow regulating valve is immediately closed, the filling pipe road cut-off valve is synchronized, and the hydrogen filling is forcibly terminated. Trigger the sound and light alarm and record the fault code, which needs manual intervention to troubleshoot before resetting.

[0054] The intelligent control decision layer dynamically switches the following three filling modes according to the real-time working condition, and needs to be activated before the bottle temperature is less than 70 DEG C. Large flow rapid filling mode: complete three-level safety monitoring temperature <70 DEG C, pressure <50 MPa, pre-filling flow 5~10 g / s and no fault, the flow regulating valve is adjusted to the preset large flow gear, and the filling rate is maintained at 40~60 g / s. Medium flow deceleration filling mode, prevent overshoot. In the filling process, when the pressure sensor monitors that the hydrogen storage tank pressure >50 MPa and <65 MPa, the intelligent control decision layer immediately reduces the flow instruction, the flow regulating valve switches to medium opening, and the filling rate is accurately controlled in the range of 20~30 g / s, the pressure rising slope is inhibited by active deceleration, and pressure overshoot is avoided. Small flow fine matching mode, realize end point calibration. When the pressure sensor monitors that the hydrogen storage tank pressure is greater than or equal to 65 MPa and approaches 70 MPa, the system automatically switches to the trace regulation state, the flow regulating valve fills at a fine flow of <10 g / s, and when the pressure sensor monitors that the pressure is equal to 70 MPa, the system determines that the filling is completed, all filling valves are closed, the filling data is saved, and the system is switched to standby state.

[0055] Three flow execution elements cooperate with the process: the stop valve is installed at the inlet end of the main filling pipeline and receives the control instruction to execute the fluid on-off. When filling is started, it is opened, and when emergency is cut off or filling is completed, it is immediately closed. The flow regulating valve is installed downstream of the stop valve and is adjacent to the filling port, and receives the intelligent decision layer instruction to dynamically adjust the opening. In large flow mode, the opening is greater than or equal to 80%, and the output is 40~60 g / s; in medium flow mode, the opening is 40~50%, and the output is 20~30 g / s; in small flow mode, the opening is 5~15%, and the output is less than 10 g / s. The pre-cooling unit is installed at the end of the filling pipeline or the inlet of the hydrogen storage tank, and executes the temperature reduction program in the claim. When the bottle temperature is greater than 70 DEG C, start: the ethylene glycol circulating pump accelerates / increases the cooling fan power, and continues to run until the bottle temperature is less than or equal to 70 DEG C, and the temperature sensor feeds back in real time. When large flow filling is started: the stop valve is opened→the flow regulating valve is opened to 80%→the pre-cooling unit is on standby; if the temperature is reduced: the pre-cooling unit is started→the flow regulating valve is reduced to small flow→the stop valve remains open. The redundant one-way valve is installed in series in the filling pipeline. Valve A is spring-loaded and opened by the positive pressure of the fluid, and automatically locked in reverse pressure difference; valve B is a pressure difference driven type, which is forced to lock when the system is stopped by controlling the air pressure. When any one-way valve fails, the other valve can still independently block the reverse flow, and the sealing monitoring is automatically performed before each system start.

[0056] The purity of hydrogen is ensured by two-stage progressive filtration. The first-stage filter core is made of 316L stainless steel sintered filter screen, which is installed at the inlet of the hydrogen source to intercept large-particle impurities such as rust and pipeline debris, thereby protecting the downstream precision valves, especially the flow regulating valve, from mechanical damage. The filter core is replaced when the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet is greater than 0.5 MPa. The second-stage filter core is made of titanium alloy fiber composite filter membrane, which is installed between the flow regulating valve and the hydrogen storage tank to filter out fine particles such as carbon powder and water condensate, thereby ensuring that the purity of the injected hydrogen is greater than or equal to 99.999%. The filter core is replaced when the pressure difference is greater than 0.3 MPa or the cumulative injection volume is greater than 10 tons.

[0057] The safety interlocking mechanism, as a hard-wired protection layer independent of the main control system, is realized by the following components: a safety instrument system that selects a programmable safety controller that meets the IEC61508 SIL2 level, an emergency action unit that includes a safety relay group to control the valve emergency stop, an override start module for the pre-cooling unit, and an electromagnetic drive valve mechanical locking device. The direct connection sensor channel selects a temperature sensor independent redundant signal line and a pressure sensor sudden change monitoring special channel. When any temperature sensor detects an over-limit signal: the safety instrument system compares the bottle body / pipeline / environment three-way temperature signals, and if any one is greater than 85°C or two are greater than 80°C, it is determined to be an effective over-limit. A double response is executed simultaneously: safety emergency stop, sending a pulse signal to the safety relay to forcibly cut off the power of the valve; pre-cooling activation, overriding the pre-cooling unit to start at maximum power. When the pressure sudden change monitoring channel captures an abnormal gradient, the safety instrument system identifies the pressure change rate and excludes sensor failure. After the valve is locked, a sealing enhancement gel is automatically injected, triggering a negative pressure suction device to draw the isolation section pipeline to -0.5 MPa to prevent medium accumulation. This implementation controls the accident containment time within 100 ms through the deep protection of non-delay electrical response + mechanical level isolation, which meets the mandatory requirements of the NFPA hydrogen safety specification for fast shutdown and the sealing standards of ASME B31.12 for high-pressure pipeline emergency isolation.

[0058] The above-described embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present application and do not limit the scope of the present application. Various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present application should fall within the protection scope of the present application as defined by the claims.

Claims

1. An integrated streamlined hydrogen refueling nozzle capable of real-time monitoring and flow control, characterized in that: The system includes a main valve body, a shut-off valve, a first filter, a redundant check valve, a flow regulating valve, a second filter, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a flow sensor, a hydrogen inlet, a hydrogen outlet, a first channel, a second channel, a third channel, and a fourth channel. The shut-off valve and the redundant check valve are located at the inlet of the main valve body. The first filter is integrated inside the redundant check valve. The flow regulating valve and the second filter are located at the outlet of the main valve body in the first channel. The redundant check valve and the flow regulating valve are both embedded inside the main valve body. The hydrogen inlet is located at the inlet of the shut-off valve, and the hydrogen outlet is located at the outlet of the second filter. The shut-off valve, the redundant check valve, the main valve body, the flow regulating valve, and the second filter are all sealed together to form a valve body structure with a streamlined first flow channel. The hydrogen refueling gun achieves adaptive regulation of hydrogen refueling at multiple pressure levels through a three-level coordinated control mechanism of temperature, pressure and flow. Based on the real-time monitoring value P of the pressure sensor, the refueling process is divided into three levels of flow control. When P < P1, pre-filling flow monitoring is started and refueling is carried out at the first flow rate Q1. When P1 ≤ P < P2, refueling is carried out at the second flow rate Q2. When P2 ≤ P < P3, it switches to the third flow rate Q3. When P = P3, it automatically stops. First, the temperature sensor monitors the temperature T inside the first flow channel of the main valve body in real time: ； A pressure sensor monitors the pressure, and a piecewise optimized control function is used to control the flow rate and valve. (Flow control) The control function is shown below: ； The control function of the shut-off valve is shown below: ； when When =1, the shut-off valve remains open. When the value is 0, the shut-off valve is closed. Here, T1 is the first temperature threshold, T2 is the second temperature threshold, P1 is the first pressure threshold, P2 is the second pressure threshold, and P3 is the third pressure threshold. Represents AND, ∇T th Where V is the heating rate threshold and V is the prefill flow rate. P 1 <P 2 <P 3 。 2. The integrated streamlined hydrogen refueling nozzle capable of real-time monitoring and flow control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The switching conditions are as follows: ； Where t is time, For actual traffic changes, This represents real-time temperature changes.

3. The integrated streamlined hydrogen refueling nozzle capable of real-time monitoring and flow control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second channel is located in the middle of the main valve body and forms a vertical orifice with the inner surface of the first channel. The temperature sensor, pressure sensor and flow sensor are integrated in the second channel. The third channel is parallel to the first channel and perpendicular to the second channel. The fourth channel is opened on the side wall of the main valve body and is used to introduce cooling medium.

4. The integrated streamlined hydrogen refueling nozzle capable of real-time monitoring and flow control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shut-off valve constitutes the first section of the valve body structure, the redundant check valve integrated with the first filter constitutes the second section of the valve body structure, the flow regulating valve constitutes the third section of the valve body structure, and the second filter constitutes the fourth section of the valve body structure.

5. The integrated streamlined hydrogen refueling gun with real-time monitoring and flow control according to claim 4, characterized in that: The shut-off valve has two control modes: manual control and electric control. The first filter is used to filter out metal particles, moisture or pipeline impurities in hydrogen, and the second filter is used to filter out metal shavings, abrasion particles of sealing material or fine impurities that have penetrated the first filter.

6. The integrated streamlined hydrogen refueling nozzle capable of real-time monitoring and flow control according to claim 1, characterized in that: During hydrogen refueling, the pressure sensor feeds back the pressure signal to the controller in real time based on the pressure of hydrogen being added to the hydrogen storage tank of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle. The controller sends a flow regulation signal to the flow regulating valve based on the pressure signal. After receiving the flow regulation signal, the flow regulating valve drives the valve core to move, changing the flow cross-sectional area to perform real-time flow regulation.

7. The integrated streamlined hydrogen refueling nozzle capable of real-time monitoring and flow control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The relationship between P1, P2 and P3 is: P1=0.71P3, P2=0.93P3, P3=rated pressure.

8. The integrated streamlined hydrogen refueling nozzle capable of real-time monitoring and flow control according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimal parameters are obtained by optimizing the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, the first pressure threshold, the second pressure threshold, the third pressure threshold, and the heating rate through the objective function. The objective function is as follows: ； Where ω1−ω6 are the weighting coefficients of the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, the first pressure threshold, the second pressure threshold, the third pressure threshold, and the heating rate, respectively, and F is the objective function value.

9. A control method for an integrated streamlined hydrogen refueling gun capable of real-time monitoring and flow regulation as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: S1. Temperature sensor monitors the temperature T inside the first flow channel of the main valve body in real time: ； S2. A pressure sensor monitors pressure and uses a piecewise optimized control function to control flow and valves. Flow control. The control function is shown below: ； The control function of the shut-off valve is shown below: ； when When =1, the shut-off valve remains open. When =0, the shut-off valve is closed; S3. During the refueling process, the flow rate is switched. The flow rate switching control function is as follows: ； Where t is time, For actual traffic changes, This represents real-time temperature changes.

10. The control method according to claim 8, characterized in that: The optimal parameters are obtained by optimizing the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, the first pressure threshold, the second pressure threshold, the third pressure threshold, and the heating rate through the objective function. The objective function is as follows: ； Where ω1−ω6 are the weighting coefficients of the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, the first pressure threshold, the second pressure threshold, the third pressure threshold, and the heating rate, respectively, and F is the objective function value; The optimal parameters are as follows: first temperature threshold T1 is 70℃, second temperature threshold T2 is 80℃, first pressure threshold P1 is 50MPa, second pressure threshold P2 is 65MPa, third pressure threshold P3 is 70MPa, and the heating rate ∇T th It is 0.3℃ / s.

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