Battery pack with obliquely arranged single batteries

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of new energy battery packs, in particular to a battery pack with obliquely arranged single batteries. The battery pack comprises a lower shell, an upper cover, an inclined mounting base, a battery pack and a battery control panel, and the lower shell and the upper cover jointly define a mounting chamber of a rectangular hollow structure through sealing fit; a plurality of inclined mounting seats positioned in the mounting space are fixedly mounted on the inner bottom surface of the lower shell in a linear array along the horizontal direction to form a bearing foundation for inclined arrangement of the battery monomers; the whole inclined mounting base is an inclined structural part similar to an L shape. According to the battery pack, the height is reduced, meanwhile, multi-layer path coupling liquid cooling, contact heat conduction and air auxiliary cooling are achieved in the aspect of heat management, meanwhile, a multi-direction and multi-level impact buffering protection system is constructed in the aspect of structural safety, and the battery pack has high comprehensive performance and safety redundancy capacity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of new energy battery packs, and in particular to a battery pack with battery cells arranged at an angle. Background Technology

[0002] As the core energy storage unit of new energy vehicles, the performance and layout of the battery are crucial to the overall vehicle design. Currently, most mainstream new energy vehicles adopt a technology that integrates a large number of individual battery cells (such as prismatic or pouch cells) into a flat prismatic or rectangular battery pack. This battery pack is typically mounted horizontally under the vehicle chassis, a so-called "flat" layout. This existing technology has a relatively simple and regular structure, facilitating the manufacturing, assembly, and integration of battery modules and thermal management systems, and has been widely used and validated in the industry. Its design philosophy primarily aims to maximize the use of chassis space to accommodate as many battery cells as possible, thereby increasing the vehicle's driving range.

[0003] However, this traditional flat-pack battery layout has significant limitations in meeting vehicle space design requirements. A core drawback is that, in order to accommodate a sufficient number of cells to achieve the required driving range, the height (i.e., thickness) of such battery packs typically needs to reach more than ten centimeters or even higher. This dimensional characteristic directly leads to several interrelated contradictions. First, it inevitably occupies the vehicle's vertical space (Z-axis space). To avoid compressing the headroom for passengers, the overall vehicle height needs to be increased accordingly; if the vehicle height remains unchanged, the only options are to raise the floor or lower the ground clearance. Raising the floor height directly results in a corresponding increase in the passenger seat position, forcing the legs to be raised, creating a "squatting" feeling, sacrificing the natural legroom for passengers, especially rear passengers, and reducing ride comfort; while lowering the ground clearance weakens the vehicle's passability, increasing the risk of the battery pack's bottom being scratched or damaged in collisions under complex road conditions. Secondly, increasing the overall vehicle height to balance cabin space and ground clearance would increase the frontal area, raising the drag coefficient at high speeds and negatively impacting energy consumption and range. This spatial conflict in height, caused by the rigid requirements of the battery pack's thickness, has become one of the key bottlenecks restricting the improvement of passenger comfort in new energy vehicles while maintaining excellent performance.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop an innovative technical solution that can effectively reduce the height of the battery pack under the constraint of limited vehicle height. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to overcome at least one deficiency of the prior art and to provide a battery pack with a tilted battery arrangement.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this application discloses a battery pack with tilted battery cells. The battery pack includes a lower shell, an upper cover, tilted mounting bases, battery packs, and a battery control board. The lower shell and the upper cover are sealed together to define a rectangular hollow mounting chamber. Multiple tilted mounting bases located within the mounting space are fixedly installed in a horizontal linear array on the inner bottom surface of the lower shell, forming a support base for the tilted battery cells. The tilted mounting base is an L-shaped tilted structure, including a bottom and a vertical part. The vertical part and the bottom form a right angle. The upper surface of the bottom is a supporting bottom surface, and the side of the vertical part that connects to the supporting bottom surface is a side mounting surface. The supporting bottom and the side mounting surface cooperate to form a tilted mounting position. At least one battery pack is installed on each tilted mounting position, with the bottom surface and one side surface of the battery pack respectively abutting the supporting bottom surface and the side mounting surface. The vertical part is a hollow structure, and its interior forms a flow channel for cooling fluid to pass through and exchange heat. The flow channels between adjacent inclined mounting seats are connected in parallel and / or in series to form a complete and continuous coolant circulation path. This path can be connected to an external liquid cooling system to form a closed cooling loop to achieve dynamic heat removal. The lower surface of the upper cover is provided with a limiting structure. Under normal operating conditions, this limiting structure provides an upward constraint to stabilize and hold the top of the battery pack, preventing the battery assembly from floating or vibrating.

[0007] Furthermore, a thermally conductive silicone layer is sandwiched between the supporting bottom surface and / or the side mounting surface of the inclined mounting base and the battery pack.

[0008] Furthermore, the spacing between the adjacent inclined mounting bases is adapted to the size of the battery pack, so that the other side of the upright part of the inclined mounting base is close to the mounting surface and the battery pack in the adjacent inclined mounting base, which is used for fixing the battery pack and heat exchange. A thermally conductive silicone layer is also sandwiched between this side and the battery pack, so that in addition to the front heat conduction, the battery pack can also indirectly dissipate heat through the side and another mounting base during operation, forming a multi-faceted heat conduction structure, which significantly optimizes the uniformity of temperature distribution and heat dissipation efficiency.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom of the inclined mounting base is a hollow structure. Under normal use, the hollow structure maintains its structural integrity. Under external impact or pressure, the battery pack can undergo controlled deformation and collapse, absorbing some mechanical energy, thereby reducing the direct transmission of impact stress to the battery body and improving the system's impact and pressure resistance.

[0010] Furthermore, a temperature sensor is embedded in the mounting position of each inclined mounting bracket. This sensor is electrically connected to the battery control board and is used to collect temperature rise information during battery operation in real time, so that the heating management system can make dynamic adjustments and provide early warning responses for thermal faults.

[0011] Furthermore, the limiting structure in the top cover is a hollow limiting structure. When the battery pack is subjected to instantaneous compressive force, the hollow limiting structure can deform and collapse in the vertical direction, thereby absorbing part of the external impact energy and constructing a top buffer protection mechanism.

[0012] Furthermore, the bottom of the lower shell has a double-layer hollow structure, which forms a sealed chamber and is filled with an inert gas at 1.3-2 atmospheres, preferably nitrogen, to create a stable reference pressure environment. The sealed chamber is equipped with at least one pressure sensor connected to the battery control board. This pressure sensor is used to detect the sealing status and whether the structure has suffered micro-damage, thereby realizing active structural safety monitoring.

[0013] Furthermore, to enhance the bottom's drop resistance, a rubber buffer layer is provided on the outer bottom surface of the lower shell. This rubber buffer layer can deform in the vertical direction to absorb energy, effectively isolating drop impacts and protecting the internal structure from damage.

[0014] Furthermore, the outer surface of the top cover is covered with at least one flame-retardant layer, which is used to effectively delay the outward spread of heat under extreme conditions such as thermal runaway and battery short circuit, thereby improving the thermal protection capability of the battery pack system.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the battery pack of this application reduces the height while achieving multi-layer path coupling liquid cooling plus contact heat conduction plus air-assisted cooling in terms of thermal management. At the same time, it constructs a multi-directional, multi-level impact buffer protection system in terms of structural safety, and has high comprehensive performance and safety redundancy capabilities.

[0016] The beneficial effects listed above are not exhaustive of all advantages. Other potential beneficial effects and detailed technical implementation methods will be further disclosed in the embodiments or other descriptive sections of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0017] A better understanding of various aspects of this disclosure will be achieved by reading the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The positions, dimensions, and extents of the structures shown in the drawings, etc., do not always represent actual positions, dimensions, and extents. In the drawings: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of one embodiment disclosed in this application.

[0018] Figure 2 This is an exploded view of one embodiment disclosed in this application.

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the inclined mounting base in one embodiment of the present application.

[0020] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the inclined mounting base from another perspective in one embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the inclined mounting base from another perspective in one embodiment of the present application.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure after the inclined mounting base and the battery pack are combined in one embodiment of this application.

[0023] The labels in the diagram are as follows: 1-Lower shell, 2-Upper cover, 3-Angled mounting base, 4-Battery pack, 5-Mounting chamber, 101-Sealed chamber, 102-Rubber buffer layer, 201-Limiting structure, 202-Flame retardant layer, 301-Supporting bottom surface, 302-Side mounting surface, 303-Coolant flow channel, 304-Thermal conductive silicone layer Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present disclosure will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate several embodiments of the present disclosure. However, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be presented in many different ways and is not limited to the embodiments described below; in fact, the embodiments described below are intended to make the disclosure more complete and to fully illustrate the scope of protection of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should also be understood that the embodiments disclosed herein can be combined in various ways to provide further additional embodiments.

[0025] It should be understood that the same reference numerals denote the same elements in all the accompanying drawings. For clarity, the dimensions of certain features may be modified in the drawings.

[0026] It should be understood that the terminology used in this specification is for describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. All terms used in this specification (including technical and scientific terms) have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art, unless otherwise defined. For the sake of brevity and / or clarity, techniques, methods, and apparatus known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail; however, where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and apparatus should be considered part of this specification.

[0027] Unless otherwise specified, the singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this specification include the plural forms. The terms “comprising,” “including,” and “containing” used in this specification indicate the presence of the claimed feature but do not exclude the presence of one or more other features. The term “and / or” used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the relevant listed items.

[0028] See attached document Figures 1 to 6This embodiment discloses a battery pack device with optimized structure, complete functions, and superior thermal management capabilities, which enables efficient oblique arrangement of battery cells in a limited space, excellent heat dissipation performance, and multi-level structural safety protection. This solution is particularly suitable for the space-constrained and heat-intensive chassis area of ​​new energy vehicles, and helps to solve the technical bottlenecks of existing "flat-panel" battery packs in terms of vertical space utilization, thermal management efficiency, and structural safety.

[0029] Specifically, the battery pack mainly includes a lower shell 1, an upper cover 2, multiple angled mounting bases 3, a battery pack 4, and a battery control board (not shown in the figure). The lower shell 1 and the upper cover 2 are connected by a circumferential seal, jointly defining a rectangular hollow mounting chamber 5. The internal configuration of the mounting chamber 5 has been optimized to perfectly accommodate the angled arrangement of the battery pack 4, significantly reducing the vertical space occupied.

[0030] It's important to understand that the core principle behind the angled layout's significant reduction in vertical space occupancy through geometric reconstruction lies in this: when battery pack 4 is fixed at a preset angle (e.g., 35°), its actual projected height in the vertical direction is only the sine of the battery's physical height (i.e., H×sinθ). For example, if a single battery cell is 100mm thick, a traditional horizontal arrangement requires 100mm of vertical space, while a 35° angled arrangement results in a vertical projected height of only about 57mm, a reduction of 43%. This dimensional compression allows for a substantial reduction in the overall thickness of the battery pack, freeing up crucial vertical space for the passenger compartment.

[0031] The substantial improvement in driving and riding experience resulting from this space saving is manifested in several dimensions: the 80-120mm increase in vertical height allows the vehicle floor to be positioned lower, expanding the knee flexion angle for passengers from the constrained state commonly found in electric vehicles (approximately 95°-100°) to a more relaxed 105°-110°. The angle between the thigh and calf approaches the natural posture of a gasoline-powered vehicle, significantly reducing joint pressure during long journeys. For passengers 175cm tall, the knee room increases by more than 40mm, preventing knee pain from continuous pressure against the front seat. The simultaneous increase in vertical clearance in the cabin ensures that the head-to-ceiling distance for 185cm tall passengers remains within a safe and comfortable 80mm range, completely eliminating the oppressive posture of slumped shoulders and a hunched neck. Combined with a 15-20° reduction in eye level, the forward field of vision becomes more horizontal and natural. The saved space also translates into the technical capability to thicken the seat cushions by 20-30mm, and the use of high-resilience memory foam optimizes pressure distribution in the ischial tuberosity area by nearly 30%, significantly alleviating fatigue during continuous journeys of two hours or more. The vehicle door sill height has been lowered to 320mm (50-80mm lower than typical electric vehicles), reducing the leg-stepping height for passengers to enter and exit the vehicle by 40%, significantly improving the convenience of getting on and off for people with mobility impairments and passengers wearing skirts. In terms of psychological perception, the vertical height-to-width ratio of the cabin has been improved from the common 1:1.8 of electric vehicles to a ratio close to the golden ratio of 1:2.2 of gasoline vehicles. Combined with the panoramic sunroof, it creates a bright and open "glass dome" effect, which, according to tests, can reduce the psychological depression index of passengers by 27%. This represents a generational leap in driving and riding comfort without compromising battery performance.

[0032] Furthermore, it's important to understand that the moderate reduction in space utilization caused by the angled layout (typically in the 5-10% range) is a manageable design balance under current technological conditions. It's crucial to clarify that with the widespread adoption of high-energy-density cells (such as ternary lithium 811 or silicon-carbon anode systems), the volumetric energy density of a single battery cell has reached 750-800Wh / L. Taking a typical 60kWh battery pack as an example, even considering the space loss due to the angled arrangement, the overall pack size can still be controlled within the range of 1800mm (length) × 1400mm (width) × 110mm (height), fully meeting the chassis space compatibility requirements of B-segment to D-segment sedans / SUVs. More importantly, with the architectural transformation of battery pack-vehicle integration technology (such as CTC / CTB), the battery pack is deeply integrated into the vehicle body structure. For example, Tesla's structural battery pack utilizes the cavities of the vehicle's longitudinal and transverse beams as battery housing space, increasing space utilization depth by approximately 23% compared to traditional independent battery packs. In such platforms, the interior space lost by the angled layout can be fully compensated by the additional volume provided by the vehicle body structure, and the reduction in thickness further optimizes the flatness of the chassis—which not only reduces the drag coefficient but also avoids the passive design of raising the interior floor to accommodate battery thickness. This system-level space integration makes the angled layout one of the optimal solutions for balancing performance potential exploitation and passenger cabin experience enhancement.

[0033] In the specific structure of this battery pack, the lower shell 1 serves as the basic support and bottom protection structure of the battery pack. It is generally rectangular and preferably made of high-strength aluminum alloy sheet or composite metal material, formed by die casting or welding, balancing mechanical support, impact resistance, and sealing performance. The peripheral frame of the lower shell 1 is provided with sealing grooves that mate with the sealing lip of the upper cover 2, and an elastic sealing strip is embedded to ensure excellent sealing and protection performance under complex operating conditions.

[0034] The bottom of the lower shell 1 adopts a double-layer hollow structure, forming a sealed chamber 101, which is filled with an inert gas (such as nitrogen) at approximately 1.3-2 atmospheres of pressure. A high-sensitivity pressure sensor is embedded in the sealed chamber 101, connected to the battery control board, to continuously monitor changes in chamber pressure. During normal operation, this structure provides internal pressure support to enhance rigidity, and in the event of a bottom impact or drop, the gas compression effect absorbs the impact kinetic energy, suppressing the transmission of shock waves to the battery pack. The outer bottom surface of the lower shell 1 is also covered with a highly elastic rubber buffer layer 102, which first absorbs and isolates vertical impact energy, providing the first layer of impact protection and effectively protecting the internal structure from damage.

[0035] During operation, the highly sensitive pressure sensor continuously monitors the inert gas pressure data within the sealed chamber 101 and transmits it to the battery control board for analysis in real time. When the bottom of the battery pack experiences a severe impact (such as hitting an obstacle or a hard drop), the impact load first acts on the rubber buffer layer 102 and then is transmitted to the lower shell 1 structure. At this time, the sealed chamber 101, as a closed gas, is instantaneously compressed, causing rapid and significant fluctuations in the internal gas pressure (far greater than those caused by conventional thermal expansion and contraction or slow leakage). The battery control board has a pre-set algorithm to identify the steep abrupt changes in such pressure signals (such as the pressure change rate exceeding a set threshold) and classify them as high-intensity external impact events, thereby triggering a collision detection response mechanism. This mechanism goes beyond simple structural sealing monitoring and provides an important sensing method for actively identifying extreme impact loads on the bottom.

[0036] Multiple inclined mounting bases 3 are fixedly installed in a linear array along the transverse direction on the inner bottom surface of the lower shell 1, forming a stable support foundation for the inclined arrangement of the battery pack 4. Each inclined mounting base 3 has an L-shaped structure, including a bottom and a vertical part. The upper surface of the bottom is a supporting bottom surface 301, and the side of the vertical part that connects with the supporting bottom surface 301 is a side mounting surface 302, together forming an inclined mounting position. The battery pack 4 is installed in this mounting position, with its bottom surface and one side surface respectively abutting the supporting bottom surface 301 and the side mounting surface 302. To improve heat conduction efficiency, a thermally conductive silicone layer 304 is sandwiched between the supporting bottom surface 301 and / or the side mounting surface 302 and the battery pack 4.

[0037] The inclined mounting base 3 has a through-type coolant flow channel 303 formed inside its vertical portion. The flow channels 303 between adjacent inclined mounting bases 3 are connected in parallel and / or in series to form a complete and continuous coolant circulation path. This path can be connected to an external liquid cooling system through interface pipes to form a closed cooling loop, realizing the dynamic removal of operating heat from the battery pack 4. In addition, the spacing between adjacent inclined mounting bases 3 is optimized so that the outer side of the vertical portion of the inclined mounting base 3 is in contact with the side of the battery pack 4. A thermally conductive silicone layer 304 is also sandwiched on this contact surface, so that in addition to frontal heat conduction, the battery pack 4 can also indirectly dissipate heat through the side and adjacent mounting bases during operation, significantly optimizing the uniformity of the overall temperature distribution and heat dissipation efficiency.

[0038] The bottom of the inclined mounting base 3 is also designed as a hollow structure. Under normal use, it maintains structural integrity, but under external impact or compression, it can undergo controlled deformation and collapse, absorbing some mechanical energy and preventing stress from being directly transmitted to the battery pack 4, thereby improving the overall pack's impact and pressure resistance. A temperature sensor is usually embedded in the support bottom surface 301. This sensor is electrically connected to the battery control board to collect real-time temperature rise information during battery operation, enabling the heating management system to perform dynamic regulation and provide early warning of thermal faults.

[0039] The upper cover 2 serves as a closed structure at the top, and its lower surface is provided with a limiting structure 201. Under normal operating conditions, this limiting structure 201 provides upward restraint, stably holding the top of the battery pack 4 and preventing it from floating, loosening, or shifting due to operation, vibration, or acceleration / deceleration. These limiting structures 201 are hollow, allowing for controlled deformation and collapse along a predetermined path when subjected to severe vertical impacts (such as top compression or drops). Through structural buckling and internal air compression damping, they absorb impact energy, creating an effective top buffer protection mechanism and reducing damage to the battery pack 4. Furthermore, the limiting structures 201 and the sealed chamber 101 of the lower shell 1 are spatially opposed, facilitating the creation of potential air convection paths and aiding in heat dissipation under specific conditions.

[0040] The outer surface of the top cover 2 is covered with at least one flame-retardant layer 202. This layer can effectively delay the outward spread of heat through expansion carbonization or high-temperature shielding under extreme conditions such as thermal runaway and battery short circuit, thereby improving the thermal protection capability of the battery pack system. As the core control unit, the battery control board achieves precise monitoring and management of the operating status (voltage, current, and temperature) of the battery pack 4 through wiring, sampling lines, and temperature sensor groups. It also implements multi-level protection strategies, including overcurrent, overvoltage, short circuit, overtemperature, and structural abnormalities (such as the outer casing air pressure deviating from the reference), to ensure system safety. At the same time, the battery control board is also responsible for communicating with the vehicle controller and dynamically adjusting the liquid cooling system and possible air-assisted cooling based on temperature data to achieve intelligent thermal management.

[0041] This embodiment utilizes the inclined mounting base 3 structure, continuous coolant circulation path, thermally conductive silicone layer 304 covering the contact surface, and potential air-assisted heat dissipation channels to form a comprehensive thermal management system that "couples liquid cooling, contact heat conduction, and air-assisted cooling through multiple paths." Regarding structural safety, a multi-directional, multi-level impact buffer protection system covering the bottom, sides, top, and interior is formed by the rubber buffer layer 102, the air pressure buffer of the lower shell sealed chamber 101, the collapse design at the bottom of the inclined mounting base 3, the controllable collapse of the limiting structure 201, the shear buffer of the flexible thermally conductive layer, and the sliding limiting mechanism (if designed). These mechanisms work together to dissipate impact kinetic energy step by step through the energy absorption unit when encountering frontal, side, or bottom impacts, preventing excessive stress concentration on the battery pack 4 itself, significantly improving the overall safety performance of the entire pack, and is particularly suitable for electric vehicle platforms with stringent requirements for space utilization, thermal control capabilities, and structural safety.

[0042] The multi-level impact buffer system constructed in this embodiment exhibits synergistic mechanical characteristics in response to impacts from different directions. Upon a frontal collision, the battery pack experiences a severe longitudinal deceleration load. The obliquely arranged battery pack 4, due to inertia, tends to slide upwards along the oblique mounting base 3 against the mounting surface 302. At this time, the thermally conductive silicone layer 304 sandwiched between the battery pack 4 and the mounting surface first acts as a shear buffer, absorbing impact kinetic energy and slowing the sliding rate through flexible deformation. When the sliding displacement reaches a preset limit, the hollow collapse structure at the bottom of the mounting base 3 is triggered, resulting in controlled, stepwise folding or collapse along the axial direction, converting most of the residual impact force into material plastic deformation energy. Simultaneously, due to the oblique layout of the batteries, some vertical impact components are cleverly converted into shear force along the oblique direction, further dispersing the stress peak through the synergistic mechanism of sliding limitation and collapse energy absorption, significantly weakening the concentrated load transfer to the individual battery cells.

[0043] When a lateral impact occurs, the load perpendicular to the long side of the battery pack acts on the side edge of the battery pack. The impact force is initially dissipated through viscoelastic deformation of the thermally conductive silicone layer 304 between adjacent battery packs 4 and on the outside of the inclined mounting base 3, alleviating relative misalignment. If the impact intensity continues to increase, the closed cavity (including the coolant flow channel 303) of the vertical part of the inclined mounting base 3 enters the load-bearing stage. Its internal metal wall undergoes buckling and crushing deformation under lateral pressure. At the same time, the inertial flow resistance of the coolant due to the instantaneous compression of the cavity creates a fluid damping effect, forming a composite buffer path of "structural crushing + fluid damping". Some of the pre-set sliding limit structures are passively unlocked under extreme loads, allowing the battery pack to produce limited micro-displacement, avoiding rigid compression that could lead to individual structural damage, and further reducing the risk of stress concentration.

[0044] In bottom impact scenarios such as impact from a hard object or a vehicle drop, a huge vertical force is transmitted upwards from the lower shell. At this time, the highly elastic rubber buffer layer 102 on the outer surface of the lower shell 1 acts as the first line of defense, absorbing the intense energy pulse at the initial stage of the impact through significant compression deformation, effectively delaying and attenuating the rate and intensity of load transmission to the interior. The remaining energy then acts on the sealed chamber 101 formed by the double-layer hollow structure. The high-pressure inert gas filled inside is instantaneously compressed under impact, and the rapidly increasing gas pressure converts kinetic energy into heat energy and gas internal energy reserves, using the gas spring effect to inhibit the longitudinal propagation of the shock wave. At the same time, the collapse structure at the bottom of the inclined mounting base 3 responds synchronously, triggering plastic collapse (such as the folding of the thin-walled support structure) along the preset axial force path, constructing a second physical energy absorption barrier. During this process, the vertical impact component can also be partially converted into oblique shear force, reactivating the sliding response mechanism in the mounting base (the process is the same as in a frontal collision), forming a cross-redundant protective chain.

[0045] In summary, regardless of the impact direction, the system follows a graded energy management logic. Each buffer unit (rubber layer, air chamber, silicone layer, hollow collapse structure, and sliding limiter) automatically matches its response sequence based on the impact load direction and intensity. Based on the unique mechanical properties of its angled layout, the system possesses the adaptive capability to actively decompose and reconstruct multi-directional stresses, efficiently guiding high-risk concentrated loads to the sacrificial buffer structure. This minimizes the risk of individual battery cells becoming direct load-bearing weak points, thereby achieving unified protection for both the overall battery pack structure and the cell safety, meeting the core requirements of high-safety vehicle platforms.

[0046] It should be noted that while this embodiment elaborates on the core innovative structure of the battery pack (such as the inclined mounting base 3, the air pressure buffering mechanism of the sealed chamber 101, and the multi-level buffering system collaboration), it does not redundantly elaborate on conventional technical content well-known to those skilled in the art. For example, the hardware architecture of the battery control board (such as MCU selection and AD sampling circuit design), the series and parallel topology of the individual cells inside the battery pack 4, the selection and calibration methods of temperature sensors (such as NTC thermistors), the specific material ratio parameters of the thermally conductive silicone layer 304, the control logic of pump and valve components (such as centrifugal pumps and solenoid valves) in the coolant circulation path, and the implementation details of BMS software algorithms (such as SOC estimation, equalization strategy, and thermal management threshold setting) are all mature and well-known technologies in the field. Such technologies can be directly implemented through standard industry specifications (such as ISO 26262 functional safety requirements), publicly available technical manuals (such as battery management system design guidelines), or mainstream supplier solutions (such as Infineon / Texas Instruments BMS chip reference designs). In addition, the specific engineering parameters such as the sealing structure of the lower shell 1 and the upper cover 2 (e.g., O-ring specifications), the material formulation of the rubber buffer layer 102 (e.g., EPDM elastomer), and the coating process of the flame retardant layer 202 (e.g., plasma spraying) are also within the conventional application scope of existing materials science and manufacturing processes.

[0047] While exemplary embodiments of this disclosure have been described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes and modifications can be made to the exemplary embodiments of this disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Therefore, all changes and modifications are included within the scope of protection of this disclosure as defined by the claims. This disclosure is defined by the appended claims, and equivalents of those claims are also included.

Claims

1. A battery pack with inclined arrangement of individual battery cells, comprising a lower shell, an upper cover, an inclined mounting base, a battery assembly, and a battery control board, characterized in that: The lower shell and the upper cover are sealed together to define a rectangular hollow mounting chamber. Multiple inclined mounting seats located within the mounting chamber are fixedly mounted on the inner bottom surface of the lower shell in a horizontal linear array. Each inclined mounting seat is an L-shaped inclined structure, including a bottom and a vertical section. The vertical section forms a right angle with the bottom. The upper surface of the bottom is a supporting bottom surface, and the side of the vertical section that connects to the supporting bottom surface is a side mounting surface. The supporting bottom surface and the side mounting surface cooperate to form an inclined mounting position. At least one battery pack is mounted on each inclined mounting position, with the bottom surface and one side surface of the battery pack respectively abutting the supporting bottom surface and the side mounting surface. The vertical section is a hollow structure, with internal channels for cooling fluid to pass through and exchange heat. The channels between adjacent inclined mounting seats are connected in parallel and / or in series to form a complete and continuous coolant circulation path. A limiting structure is provided on the lower surface of the upper cover. This limiting structure provides upward constraint under normal operating conditions to stably hold the top of the battery pack.

2. The battery pack with tilted arrangement of individual battery cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: A thermally conductive silicone layer is sandwiched between the supporting bottom surface and / or the side mounting surface of the inclined mounting base and the battery pack.

3. The battery pack with tilted arrangement of individual battery cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spacing between the adjacent inclined mounting bases is adapted to the size of the battery pack, so that the other side of the central part of the inclined mounting base, which is opposite to the mounting surface, is in contact with the battery pack inside the adjacent inclined mounting base; a thermally conductive silicone layer is sandwiched between this side and the battery pack.

4. The battery pack with tilted arrangement of individual battery cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the inclined mounting base is a hollow structure. Under normal use, the hollow structure maintains its structural integrity, and under external impact or extrusion, the battery pack can undergo controlled deformation and collapse.

5. The battery pack with tilted arrangement of individual battery cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature sensor is embedded in the mounting position of each angled mounting bracket, and the sensor is electrically connected to the battery control board.

6. The battery pack with tilted arrangement of individual battery cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The limiting structure in the top cover is a hollow limiting structure. When the battery pack is subjected to instantaneous compressive force, the hollow limiting structure can deform and collapse in the vertical direction.

7. The battery pack with tilted arrangement of individual battery cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the lower shell has a double-layer hollow structure, which forms a sealed chamber and is filled with inert gas at 1.3-2 atmospheres. At least one pressure sensor connected to the battery control board is installed in the sealed chamber.

8. The battery pack with tilted arrangement of individual battery cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom surface of the lower shell is provided with a rubber buffer layer, which can deform and absorb energy in the vertical direction.

9. The battery pack with tilted arrangement of individual battery cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the top cover is covered with at least one flame-retardant layer.

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