Structure and method for controlling speed regulation of motor by using series resistor

Abstract

The invention provides a structure and method for controlling speed regulation of a motor by using a series resistor, and belongs to the technical field of automobile parts. According to the invention, the speed regulation resistor is connected in series between the control loop of the motor and the electrode of the power supply, the speed regulation resistor comprises a plurality of resistors which are connected in series, and each resistor is connected in parallel with the short circuit which can be opened and closed, so that when the rotating speed of the motor needs to be regulated, a control model can be sent to the motor control circuit through the master controller; the motor control circuit is used for adjusting the on-off number of short-circuit circuits in the speed regulation resistor and changing the resistance value of the speed regulation resistor, so that the current in the control loop of the motor is adjusted, and the use requirements of full-power output, voltage reduction starting and speed regulation operation of the motor are met; therefore, the motor speed adjusting requirement under different requirement scenes such as icebreaking is met, the adaptability is better, the structure is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, and large-scale application and popularization are facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of automotive parts technology, specifically to a structure and method for controlling motor speed using a series resistor. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of automotive electrical automation technology, more and more vehicles will have electric adjustment functions for their windows, sunroofs, and other structures. These are usually driven by window or sunroof motors to achieve electric raising and lowering of the windows and sunroof glass.

[0003] In existing automobiles, the motors for windows and sunroofs typically operate at a constant speed during startup, shutdown, and intermediate operation, making it impossible to adjust the motor speed according to actual needs. For example, when a window or sunroof is first activated, a significant initial force is required, especially when the window or sunroof is icy. The glass needs considerable initial force to break the ice, requiring the motor to output sufficient power at startup. After startup, the motor needs to slow down to ensure safe opening and closing. Once the window or sunroof is in position, to reduce impact on the body panels and weatherstripping, the operating speed needs to be reduced. Alternatively, a reduced-voltage start can be used initially to lessen the motor's startup load, followed by increased speed after startup to ensure efficient operation. However, existing motor control circuits can only ensure that the motors of the windows and sunroofs run at the same speed. This can lead to problems such as jamming or failure to break ice when the windows and sunroofs are first started. During operation, the high speed can cause problems such as pinching hands. Furthermore, after reaching the desired position, the excessive speed can cause the windows and sunroof glass to hit the body panels too quickly, posing a risk of damaging the window and sunroof structural components. Therefore, the industry needs to provide a control circuit that can control the motor speed during the operation of windows and sunroofs, so as to adjust the motor output power under different conditions and adapt to different operating scenarios. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies, this paper aims to provide a structure and method for controlling motor speed using series resistors. This involves connecting a series speed-regulating resistor with several resistors in the motor's control circuit. Each resistor has an on / off short-circuit circuit. By selecting the on / off state of different numbers of short-circuit circuits, resistors of different speed ranges can be connected in series to the motor's control circuit, thereby adjusting the current in the control circuit and controlling the motor speed. This ensures that the motor output power can be adaptively adjusted under different conditions. The structure is simple, the cost is lower, and it is easy to promote and use.

[0005] The specific technical solution is as follows: A structure for controlling motor speed using a series resistor includes a PCB circuit board, a power supply, and a motor. The PCB circuit board is electrically connected to both the power supply and the motor. The PCB circuit board is equipped with a main controller, a motor control circuit, and a speed control circuit. The main controller is electrically connected to the motor control circuit, and the motor control circuit is electrically connected to the motor. At the same time, the motor control circuit is electrically connected to the power supply electrode after being connected in series with a speed control resistor.

[0006] The above-mentioned structure for controlling motor speed using series resistors includes a series resistor, and each resistor is connected in parallel with an on / off short-circuit circuit. Each short-circuit circuit is electrically connected to the motor control circuit.

[0007] The above-mentioned structure for controlling motor speed using series resistors includes two signals between the motor control circuit and the motor. When either of the two signals is output, the motor is powered on, and the two signals correspond to the forward and reverse rotation of the motor, respectively.

[0008] A method for controlling motor speed using a series resistor, employing the aforementioned structure for controlling motor speed using a series resistor, includes the following steps: Step S1: Determine if full power output is required; The main controller determines whether the motor needs full power output based on logical judgment. If full power output is required, step S2 is executed; if full power output is not required, step S3 is executed. Step S2: Minimize the speed control resistor; The main controller outputs a control signal to the motor control circuit, which controls the speed regulation resistor to minimize, connects all short-circuit circuits in the speed regulation resistor, and selectively executes step S4 after a predetermined time. Step S3, reduced voltage start-up; The main controller outputs a control signal to the motor control circuit. The motor control circuit controls the speed regulation resistor to maximize its value according to the control signal, disconnects all short-circuit circuits in the speed regulation resistor, so that the resistance value of the speed regulation resistor is maximized, and selectively executes step S4 after a predetermined time. Step S4: Adjust the speed during operation; Step S4.1: Reduce the operating speed; When the motor is at high speed, the main controller outputs a control signal to the motor control circuit, and the motor control circuit controls the speed regulating resistor to gradually increase, and disconnects several short-circuited resistors in the speed regulating resistor in sequence. Step S4.2: Increase the operating speed; When the motor is at low speed, the main controller outputs a control signal to the motor control circuit. The motor control circuit controls the speed regulating resistor to gradually decrease, and connects several short-circuit resistors in the speed regulating resistor in sequence.

[0009] In the above-mentioned method of controlling motor speed using series resistors, the scenario requiring full power output in step S1 includes ice-breaking start-up.

[0010] In the above-mentioned method of controlling motor speed using series resistors, during ice-breaking start-up, all short-circuit circuits of the speed-regulating resistor in step S2 are connected sequentially.

[0011] The positive effects of the above technical solution are: The aforementioned structure and method for controlling motor speed using series resistors connects a speed-regulating resistor in series between the motor's control circuit and the power supply electrodes. This speed-regulating resistor comprises several resistors arranged in series, each with a short-circuit circuit. When motor speed adjustment is needed, the main controller sends a control signal to the motor control circuit. The motor control circuit then controls the number of short-circuit connections in the speed-regulating resistor, thereby adjusting its resistance. Increasing the resistance enables reduced-voltage starting of the motor, lowering its speed. Conversely, decreasing the resistance enables full-power output, increasing the motor speed. This adapts to various motor speed adjustment needs, including ice-breaking. The structure is simple, low-cost, and easy to promote and use. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, which utilizes a series resistor to control the speed of a motor. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a speed-regulating resistor structure according to the present invention, which utilizes a series resistor to control the speed of a motor. Figure 3 This is a flowchart of a method for controlling motor speed using a series resistor according to the present invention.

[0013] In the attached diagram: 1. PCB circuit board; 11. Main controller; 12. Motor control circuit; 13. Speed ​​regulating resistor; 131. Resistor; 132. Shorting circuit; 2. Positive power supply; 3. Negative power supply; 4. Motor. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives, and effects of this invention easier to understand, the following embodiments are provided in conjunction with the appendix. Figure 1 To be continued Figure 3 The technical solutions provided by this invention are described in detail, but the following content is not intended to limit this invention.

[0015] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention, which utilizes a series resistor to control the speed of a motor. Figure 1As shown, the structure for controlling motor speed using series resistance provided in this embodiment includes: a PCB circuit board 1, a power supply, and a motor 4. The PCB circuit board 1 is electrically connected to both the power supply and the motor 4, meaning the power supply provides power to the PCB circuit board 1, and the PCB circuit board 1 controls the operation of the motor 4, providing the conditions for subsequent speed adjustment of the motor 4. At this time, the power supply has a positive terminal 2 and a negative terminal 3. The electrodes of the circuit in the PCB circuit board 1 are electrically connected to the positive terminal 2 and the negative terminal 3, respectively, supplying power to the control circuit of the motor 4 in the PCB circuit board 1, thereby realizing the start, stop, forward and reverse rotation, and speed adjustment of the motor 4.

[0016] Specifically, the PCB circuit board 1 is equipped with a main controller 11, a motor 4 control circuit 12, and a speed regulation circuit. The main controller 11 is electrically connected to the motor 4 control circuit 12, enabling the main controller 11 to output control signals to the motor 4 control circuit 12 based on logical judgments. The motor 4 control circuit 12 is also electrically connected to the motor 4. Upon receiving the control signal, the motor 4 control circuit 12 controls the motor 4 to run, enabling the motor 4 to switch on / off and rotate in both directions. Simultaneously, the motor 4 control circuit 12 is connected in series with a speed regulation resistor 13 and then electrically connected to the power supply electrode. This allows the control circuit of the motor 4 to be affected by the speed regulation resistor 13. When speed regulation of the motor 4 is required, the main controller 11 sends a corresponding control signal, and the motor 4 control circuit 12 controls the speed regulation resistor 13. By limiting the current flowing back to the power supply electrode in the control circuit of the motor 4 through the speed regulation resistor 13, the speed of the motor 4 is controlled. This allows the initial starting force of the motor 4 to be increased by minimizing the resistance value of the speed regulation resistor 13 when the motor 4 needs to output full power. To avoid issues such as start-up jams and ice-breaking failures in the windows and sunroof, the resistance of the speed-regulating resistor 13 can be appropriately increased while the motor 4 is running, thereby reducing the operating current of the motor 4 and slowing down its operating speed. This prevents problems such as fingers being pinched due to high operating speed, thus improving safety. When the motor reaches its destination, the resistance of the speed-regulating resistor 13 can be further increased to reduce the operating speed of the motor 4, preventing the windows and sunroof glass from hitting the body panels too quickly due to excessive speed. This reduces the risk of damage to the window and sunroof structural components and adapts to different operating scenarios.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a speed-regulating resistor structure according to the present invention, which utilizes a series resistor to control the speed of a motor. Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the speed-regulating resistor 13 includes several resistors 131 connected in series, and each resistor 131 is connected in parallel with a switchable short-circuit circuit 132. This allows each resistor 131 to be shorted by connecting its corresponding short-circuit circuit 132, thereby changing its function in the circuit and adjusting the resistance value of the speed-regulating resistor 13. Simultaneously, each short-circuit circuit 132 is electrically connected to the motor 4 control circuit 12, enabling the motor 4 control circuit 12 to control the number of connected short-circuit circuits 132 in the speed-regulating resistor 13 after receiving a control signal, thus changing the resistance value of the speed-regulating resistor 13. This allows the motor 4 control circuit 12 to adjust the number of connected short-circuit circuits 132 when it is necessary to adjust the current in the motor 4 control circuit, thereby adjusting the resistance 131 of the speed-regulating resistor 13 to meet the current adjustment requirements in the motor 4 control circuit and thus achieve speed regulation of the motor 4.

[0018] Specifically, the motor 4 control circuit 12 has two signal paths between itself and the motor 4. When either signal is output, the motor 4 is powered on, ensuring that the motor 4 can operate. The two signals correspond to the forward and reverse rotation of the motor 4, respectively. That is, when one signal is on, the motor 4 is powered on and rotates forward, while when the other signal is on, the motor 4 is powered on and rotates in reverse. This allows the motor 4 control circuit 12 to control the power supply and rotation of the motor 4, meeting the usage requirements for controlling the operation of the motor 4.

[0019] In addition, this embodiment also provides a method for controlling motor speed using a series resistor. Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for controlling motor speed using a series resistor according to the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the method for controlling motor speed using a series resistor provided in this embodiment utilizes the above-mentioned structure for controlling motor speed using a series resistor, and includes the following steps: Step S1: Determine if full power output is required; The main controller 11 determines, based on logical judgment, whether motor 4 requires full power output. This logical judgment includes whether motor 4 is operating normally or under load. Under normal conditions, motor 4 is determined to be operating normally; under conditions such as icing, it is determined to be operating under load. If motor 4 is operating under load, full power output is required, and step S2 is executed. If motor 4 is operating normally, full power output is not required, and step S3 is executed. It is worth noting that scenarios requiring full power output include ice-breaking starts. That is, in extremely cold environments, if windows or sunroofs are icy, the output power of motor 4 can be increased by reducing the resistance of the speed control resistor 13 to achieve full power output and meet the ice-breaking requirements.

[0020] Step S2, minimize the speed regulating resistor 13; The main controller 11 outputs a control signal for full-power operation to the motor 4 control circuit 12. The motor 4 control circuit 12 controls the speed-regulating resistor 13 to minimize its resistance by connecting all short-circuit circuits 132 in the speed-regulating resistor 13, thus minimizing the resistance of the speed-regulating resistor 13 and allowing the motor 4 to run at full speed. After a predetermined time, step S4 is selectively executed. The predetermined time can be a suitable safe time selected according to industry requirements. If the start-up is for ice breaking, all short-circuit circuits 132 in the speed-regulating resistor 13 are connected sequentially, gradually reducing the speed-regulating resistor 13 and thus gradually increasing the output power of the motor 4 to achieve the best ice-breaking effect.

[0021] Step S3, reduced voltage start-up; The main controller 11 outputs a reduced-voltage start control signal to the motor 4 control circuit 12. The motor 4 control circuit 12 controls the speed regulating resistor 13 to maximize according to the control signal. At this time, all short-circuit circuits 132 in the speed regulating resistor 13 are disconnected, so that the resistance of the speed regulating resistor 13 is maximized, thereby realizing the reduced-voltage start of the motor 4 and achieving the purpose of reducing the starting current. After a predetermined time, step S4 is selectively executed. The same predetermined time can be selected according to the industry requirements to choose a suitable safety time.

[0022] Step S4, speed adjustment operation; at this time, the speed adjustment operation process can be divided into two types: step S4.1 and step S4.2, that is, when the motor 4 is at high speed, the speed needs to be reduced, and when the motor 4 is at low speed, the speed needs to be increased.

[0023] Specifically, in step S4.1, reduce the operating speed; At this time, when the motor 4 is at high speed, the main controller 11 outputs a speed reduction control signal to the motor 4 control circuit 12. The motor 4 control circuit 12 controls the speed regulating resistor 13 to gradually increase, and sequentially disconnects several short-circuit resistors 131 in the speed regulating resistor 13, so that the resistance value of the speed regulating resistor 13 gradually increases, reducing the current in the control circuit of the motor 4, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing the speed of the motor 4.

[0024] More specifically, in step S4.2, increase the operating speed; At this time, when the motor 4 is at a low speed, the main controller 11 outputs a speed-up control signal to the motor 4 control circuit 12. The motor 4 control circuit 12 controls the speed-regulating resistor 13 to gradually decrease, and connects several short-circuit resistors 131 in the speed-regulating resistor 13 in sequence, so that the resistance value of the speed-regulating resistor 13 gradually decreases, increasing the current in the control circuit of the motor 4, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the speed of the motor 4.

[0025] The structure and method for controlling motor speed using series resistors provided in this embodiment include a PCB circuit board 1, a power supply, and a motor 4. A speed-regulating resistor 13 is connected in series between the control circuit of the motor 4 and the electrodes of the power supply. The speed-regulating resistor 13 includes several resistors 131 connected in series, each resistor 131 having a parallel-connected short-circuit circuit 132. When the speed of the motor 4 needs to be adjusted, a control signal is sent from the main controller to the motor 4 control circuit 12. The motor 4 control circuit 12 adjusts the number of short-circuit circuits 132 in the speed-regulating resistor 13, changing the resistance value of the speed-regulating resistor 13. This allows for the regulation of the current in the control circuit of the motor 4, meeting the requirements for full power output, reduced-voltage starting, and speed regulation operation of the motor 4. This adapts to the speed regulation needs of the motor 4 in different scenarios, including ice breaking, offering better adaptability. Furthermore, the structure is simple, the manufacturing cost is low, and it is conducive to large-scale promotion and use.

[0026] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the implementation methods and protection scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should recognize that any equivalent substitutions and obvious changes made based on the description and illustrations of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A structure for controlling motor speed using a series resistor, comprising a PCB circuit board, a power supply, and a motor, wherein the PCB circuit board is electrically connected to both the power supply and the motor, characterized in that, The PCB circuit board is equipped with a main controller, a motor control circuit, and a speed regulation circuit. The main controller is electrically connected to the motor control circuit, and the motor control circuit is electrically connected to the motor. At the same time, the motor control circuit is connected to the power supply electrode after being connected in series with a speed regulation resistor.

2. The structure for controlling motor speed regulation using a series resistor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The speed-regulating resistor includes several resistors connected in series, and each resistor is connected in parallel with a short-circuit circuit that can be turned on and off. At the same time, each short-circuit circuit is electrically connected to the motor control circuit.

3. The structure for controlling motor speed regulation using a series resistor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor control circuit is connected to the motor via two signals. When either of the two signals is output, the motor is powered on. The two signals correspond to the forward and reverse rotation of the motor, respectively.

4. A method for controlling motor speed using a series resistor, employing the structure for controlling motor speed using a series resistor as shown in claim 3, comprising the following steps: Step S1: Determine if full power output is required; The main controller determines whether the motor needs full power output based on logical judgment. If full power output is required, step S2 is executed; if full power output is not required, step S3 is executed. Step S2: Minimize the speed control resistor; The main controller outputs a control signal to the motor control circuit, which controls the speed regulation resistor to minimize, connects all short-circuit circuits in the speed regulation resistor, and selectively executes step S4 after a predetermined time. Step S3, reduced voltage start-up; The main controller outputs a control signal to the motor control circuit. The motor control circuit controls the speed regulation resistor to maximize its value according to the control signal, disconnects all short-circuit circuits in the speed regulation resistor, so that the resistance value of the speed regulation resistor is maximized, and selectively executes step S4 after a predetermined time. Step S4: Adjust the speed during operation; Step S4.1: Reduce the operating speed; When the motor is at high speed, the main controller outputs a control signal to the motor control circuit, and the motor control circuit controls the speed regulating resistor to gradually increase, and disconnects several short-circuited resistors in the speed regulating resistor in sequence. Step S4.2: Increase the operating speed; When the motor is at low speed, the main controller outputs a control signal to the motor control circuit. The motor control circuit controls the speed regulating resistor to gradually decrease, and connects several short-circuit resistors in the speed regulating resistor in sequence.

5. The method for controlling motor speed using a series resistor according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, scenarios requiring full power output include ice-breaking startup.

6. The method for controlling motor speed using a series resistor according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the ice-breaking process is initiated, all short-circuit circuits of the speed-regulating resistor in step S2 are connected sequentially.

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