Change-over switch and radio frequency device
By introducing multiple control device connection methods and the forward and reverse bias characteristics of PIN diodes into the switching switch, the problem of high matching difficulty of multiple output ports in the prior art is solved, multiple signal output modes are realized, and the switching performance and applicability are improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202410624334.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-21
AI Technical Summary
Existing changeover switches are difficult to match with multiple output ports and only support one matching mode, which cannot meet the needs of multiple signal outputs.
By introducing various control device connection methods into the switching device, including parallel and series architectures, and combining the forward and reverse bias characteristics of PIN diodes, multiple matching modes of input signal output can be achieved under different scenarios.
It achieves support for multiple signal output modes while reducing matching difficulty, improves the switching bandwidth and isolation, is suitable for high-power scenarios, and reduces production costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN121000244A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] Embodiments of the present application relate to, but are not limited to, the technical field of microwave communication, and particularly relate to a switching switch and a radio frequency device. BACKGROUND
[0002] The switching switch as a device for matching and controlling the flow direction of the radio frequency signal is widely used in the communication system, and the switching switch in the related art is usually provided with one input part, multiple output parts, and a control device corresponding to each output part, and the one-to-one conduction relationship between the input part and the output part is realized by controlling the on-off of the control device of each output part. When the number of output parts is large, the matching difficulty between the input part and the output part gradually increases. That is, the switching switch in the related art has high matching difficulty and only supports one-to-one matching mode signal output. Therefore, how to provide a switching switch with lower matching difficulty and supporting multiple matching mode signal output is a technical problem to be solved. SUMMARY
[0003] Embodiments of the present application provide a switching switch and a radio frequency device, which can realize supporting multiple matching mode signal output while reducing the matching difficulty.
[0004] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a switching switch, which comprises a switch main part, the switch main part comprising an input part, a first output branch, a second output branch, and a first control device, the first control device being electrically connected with the second output branch; the first control device is used to control the input part to be conductive with the first output branch, or the input part to be conductive with the first output branch and the second output branch.
[0005] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a radio frequency device, comprising the switching switch of any one of the first aspect.
[0006] In the embodiments of the present application, the first control device is used to control the input part to be conductive with the first output branch or the input part to be conductive with the first output branch and the second output branch, so that the radio frequency signal entering from the input part is output to the first output branch in one scenario, and can be output from the first output branch and the second output branch at the same time in another scenario. Therefore, the switching switch of the present application only needs to set the first control device in one of the output branches, which can realize the functions of the routing switch and the power ratio switchable signal distribution at the same time, so that the two output states use two different matching modes, and therefore the matching logic of the switching switch is simpler. Therefore, compared with the related art, the switching switch and the radio frequency device of the embodiments of the present application can realize supporting multiple matching mode signal output while reducing the matching difficulty. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0007] Figure 1 a is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of a switching switch in the prior art;
[0008] Figure 1 b is a schematic diagram of the structure of another embodiment of a switching switch in the prior art
[0009] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment of a switching switch in a parallel architecture provided by the present application;
[0010] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another embodiment of a switching switch in a parallel architecture provided by the present application;
[0011] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another embodiment of a switching switch in a parallel architecture provided by the present application;
[0012] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another embodiment of a switching switch in a parallel architecture provided by the present application;
[0013] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another embodiment of a switching switch in a parallel architecture provided by the present application;
[0014] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another embodiment of a switching switch in a parallel architecture provided by the present application;
[0015] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the structure of another embodiment of a switching switch in a series architecture provided by the present application;
[0016] Figure 9a is a schematic diagram of the physical structure of a PIN diode;
[0017] Figure 9b is a schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of a PIN diode when forward biased;
[0018] Figure 9c is a schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit of a PIN diode when reverse biased.
[0019] Reference numerals:
[0020] switch main component 100, input 110, first output branch 120, second output branch 130, first control device 140,
[0021] bias circuit 200,
[0022] first output 300, second control device 310, third output branch 320, fourth output branch 330,
[0023] The second output part 400, the third control device 410, the fifth output branch 420, the sixth output branch 430,
[0024] The matching branch 500, the first matching structure 510, the second matching structure 520. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application is further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and not used to limit the present application.
[0026] It should be noted that although the functional modules are divided in the device schematic diagram and the logical order is shown in the flowchart, in some cases, the steps shown or described can be executed in a manner different from the module division in the device or the order in the flowchart. The terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims and the above drawings are used to distinguish similar objects and do not necessarily describe a specific order or sequence.
[0027] The flowchart shown in the drawings is only an exemplary description and does not necessarily include all the contents and operations / steps, nor does it necessarily execute the steps in the order described. For example, some operations / steps can be further divided, and some operations / steps can be combined or partially combined, so the actual execution order may be changed according to the actual situation.
[0028] Switching switches, widely used in communication systems to match and control the flow of radio frequency signals, typically consist of an input section, multiple output sections, and corresponding controllers for each output. The conduction relationship between the input and output sections is achieved by controlling the on / off state of these controllers. The controllers can be connected in series or parallel to their respective outputs. In series connection, the switching switch has a series architecture, offering lower insertion loss and is unaffected by the transmission line wavelengths of the input and output sections, resulting in a wider conduction bandwidth. However, it suffers from lower isolation, port VSWR significantly affected by the matching structure, and greater matching difficulty. Furthermore, the controllers connected in series have poor heat dissipation, making series-connected switching switches unsuitable for high-power applications. In parallel connection, the switching switch has a parallel architecture, offering higher isolation, and the controllers are directly grounded for easier heat dissipation, making it suitable for designing high-power switches. However, it suffers from a narrower conduction bandwidth. Taking a PIN diode as the control device as an example, when the PIN diode and its corresponding output are connected in series, the PIN diode is forward biased when the DC bias input is positive, and can be equivalent to a small resistor. In the circuit, it can be approximated as a short circuit, and the RF signal is transmitted from the input to the output. When the DC bias input is negative, the PIN diode is cut off and exhibits high resistance characteristics, and can be equivalent to a small capacitor. In the circuit, it can be approximated as an open circuit, and the output port is in an isolated state. When the PIN diode and its corresponding output are connected in parallel, the operating state of the PIN diode in the parallel architecture switch is exactly the opposite of that in the series architecture. However, regardless of whether it is a parallel architecture switch or a series architecture switch, the existing switch technology only has a circuit selection function. For example, Figure 1 a The prior art switch shown is a three-port network including an input port P1, an output port P2, and an output port P3. A controller 1 is connected to the output port where P2 is located, and a controller 2 is connected to the output port where P3 is located. The controllers 1 and 2 enable the flow of radio frequency signals from P1 to P2 or from P1 to P3. For example, as shown in 1b, controllers 1 to N enable the flow of signals from any one of the ports P1 to P2 to PN. Therefore, the prior art only supports one matching mode of signal output for the function of a routing switch. When the number of output ports is large, the matching difficulty of the output ports increases. In other words, the prior art switch suffers from high output port matching difficulty and only supports one matching mode of signal output. Therefore, how to provide a switch with lower matching difficulty and support for multiple matching modes of signal output is a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved. Based on this, the embodiments of this application provide a switch and a radio frequency device that can reduce the matching difficulty while supporting multiple matching modes of signal output.
[0029] Referring to Figures 2 to 8 As shown in the figure, according to the switching switch provided in the present application, the switching switch comprises a switch main component 100, the switch main component 100 comprises an input part 110, a first output branch 120, a second output branch 130 and a first control device 140, the first control device 140 is electrically connected with the second output branch 130; the first control device 140 is used for controlling the input part 110 and the first output branch 120 to be conductive, or the input part 110 and the first output branch 120 and the second output branch 130 to be conductive.
[0030] Therefore, by controlling the input part 110 and the first output branch 120 to be conductive or the input part 110 and the first output branch 120 and the second output branch 130 to be conductive through the first control device 140, the radio frequency signal entering from the input part 110 is output to the first output branch 120 in one scenario, and can be output from the first output branch 120 and the second output branch 130 at the same time in another scenario. Therefore, the switching switch provided in the present application can realize the functions of the routing switch and the power ratio switchable signal splitting in the two matching modes of signal output by only setting the first control device 140 in one of the output branches, so that the two output states use two different matching modes, and therefore, the matching logic is simpler. Therefore, compared with the related art, the switching switch provided in the present application can support multiple modes of signal output and has lower matching difficulty.
[0031] It can be understood that the present application does not limit the specific form of the first control device 140, and the person skilled in the art can selectively set it according to the actual needs, for example, in some embodiments, the first control device 140 is set as a radio frequency relay, in another embodiment, the first control device 140 is set as a ferrite circulator, in another embodiment, the first control device 140 is set as a gallium arsenide field effect transistor switch, and in another embodiment, the first control device 140 is set as a PIN diode.
[0032] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application do not limit how to trigger the first control device 140 to realize the conduction of the input part 110 and the first output branch 120, or the conduction of the input part 110 and the first output branch 120 and the second output branch 130. In some embodiments, the conduction of the first control device 140 can be triggered by an external power supply driving module (such as the bias circuit 200), and in other embodiments, the conduction of the first control device 140 can also be triggered by a power supply driving module (such as the bias circuit 200) arranged in the switching switch. For example, the conduction and the cutoff of the first control device 140 can be triggered by the bias circuit 200, so as to realize the conduction of the input part 110 and the first output branch 120 when the first control device 140 is conducted, and realize the conduction of the input part 110 and the first output branch 120 and the second output branch 130 when the first control device 140 is cut off, so that the radio frequency signal of the input part 110 can realize one-to-one and one-to-two.
[0033] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the connection mode of the first control device 140 and the second output branch 130, and the series connection or the parallel connection can be selected according to the isolation degree, the conduction bandwidth, the power capacity and other requirements.
[0034] It should be noted that the first output branch 120, the second output branch 130 and the input part 110 are all used for transmitting radio frequency signals. The input branch is provided with an input port, and the first output branch 120 and the second output branch 130 are both provided with a corresponding output port. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the implementation form of the first output branch 120, the second output branch 130 and the input branch. For example, in some embodiments, the first output branch 120, the second output branch 130 and the input part 110 all adopt microstrip lines to realize the transmission of radio frequency signals. For example, as shown in Figure 2 The switching switch is a three-port network, including the first output branch 120 corresponding to the output port P2, the second output branch 130 corresponding to the output port P3 and the input part 110 corresponding to the input port P1. The first output branch 120, the second output branch 130 and the input part 110 are all arranged as microstrip lines. Through the first control device 140, the one-to-one matching mode of the routing switch P1->P2 can be realized, and the one-to-two matching mode of the signal shunt P1->P2 and P1->P3 can be realized.
[0035] It should be noted that in some embodiments, the switching switch is also provided with multiple levels of output, that is, other output branches are derived based on the first output branch 120 and the second output branch 130 to realize power selection and signal splitting of more output ports, at this time, the original radio frequency signals of each derived output branch can all come from the first output branch 120, or all come from the second output branch 130, or part come from the first output branch 120, or part come from the second output branch 130, so that the switching switch has more output ports and the signals of each output port are diversified, and more complex signal matching conditions can be realized. For this, the embodiments of the present application do not limit other output branches, and those skilled in the art can selectively set according to actual needs.
[0036] It can be understood that, as shown in Figure 3 The switch main component 100 also includes a first output part 300, and the first output part 300 is electrically connected with the first output branch 120; each first output part 300 includes a second control device 310 and a third output branch 320 and a fourth output branch 330 connected in parallel, and the second control device 310 is electrically connected with the fourth output branch 330 one by one.
[0037] By adding the first output part 300 superimposed on the first output branch 120, the number of output ports can be increased. At the same time, by setting the second control device 310 in one of the third output branch 320 and the fourth output branch 330 of the first output part 300, the first output part 300 can also realize one-to-one and one-to-two matching modes of power matching, and the matching is simpler and more output ports can be realized. Power matching.
[0038] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application do not limit the connection form of the second control device 310, and do not limit the combination mode of the connection of the first control device 140 and the second control device 310, such as the first control device 140 is connected in series, the second control device 310 is connected in parallel, such as the first control device 140 is connected in series, the second control device 310 is connected in series, such as the first control device 140 is connected in parallel, the second control device 310 is connected in series, such as the first control device 140 is connected in parallel, and the second control device 310 is connected in parallel, and those skilled in the art can selectively set according to actual needs.
[0039] For example, the first control device 140 and the second control device 310 are both connected in parallel, as shown in Figure 3 The switching switch is a parallel architecture, as shown in Figure 3The shown switch is a four-port network, including output port P4, output port P3, output port P2 and input port P1, wherein the first control device 140 and the second output branch 130 are connected in parallel, and the first output part 300 formed by the third output branch 320 and the fourth output branch 330 receives the radio frequency signal from the first output branch 120. Through the first control device 140, the radio frequency signal can be controlled to flow from P1-> the first output part 300, and the radio frequency signal can also be controlled to flow from P1-> the first output part 300 and P1-> P2. And through the second control device 310, the radio frequency signal can be controlled to flow from P4, and the signal can also be controlled to flow from P3, at this time, the overall flow direction of the radio frequency signal includes P1-> P4, P1-> P4&P1-> P3, P1-> P4&P1-> P2, P1-> P4&P1-> P3&P1-> P2, a total of 4 flow directions. At this time, since the first control device 140 and the second control device 310 are connected in parallel, a higher isolation degree can be achieved, which is suitable for high-power scenarios and has lower cost. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the third output branch 320 and the fourth output branch 330 can also be implemented by a microstrip line. The first control device 140 and the second control device 310 can be turned on and turned off through the bias circuit 200, so as to realize the function of controlling the flow direction of the radio frequency signal.
[0040] It can be understood that, with reference to Figures 4 to 6 As shown, the first output part 300 is provided with a plurality of; the third output branch 320 of at least one first output part 300 is connected to the parallel point of the third output branch 320 and the fourth output branch 330 of the adjacent first output part 300.
[0041] It should be noted that when the third output branch 320 of the first output part 300 is connected to the parallel point of the third output branch 320 and the fourth output branch 330 of the adjacent first output part 300, the third output branch 320 connected to the parallel point provides a direct radio frequency signal source to the adjacent first output part 300.
[0042] It should be noted that by stacking a plurality of first output parts 300, the switch can have more output ports to realize more scene signal output matching.
[0043] It should be noted that in some embodiments, except for the first output part 300 closest to the first output branch 120, each first output part 300 is connected to the third output branch 320 of the previous first output part 300, and in other embodiments, part of the first output part 300 can be connected to the third output branch 320 of the previous first output part 300, and part of the first output part 300 can be connected to the fourth output branch 330 of the previous first output part 300. As to how to stack a plurality of first connection parts, the embodiments of the present application do not make any limitation.
[0044] It should be noted that the type of the second control device 310 of each first output part 300 can be selectively set according to actual needs, and the same type can be selected, such as PIN diode, or different types can be selected. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this, and a person skilled in the art can selectively set according to actual needs.
[0045] For example, the direct radio frequency signal sources of the plurality of first output parts 300 are all from the first output branch 120 or the third output branch 320. As shown in Figure 4 , except for the first output part 300 closest to the first output branch 120, each of the remaining first output parts 300 is connected to the third output branch 320 of the previous first output part 300. Among them, the first output part 300 is provided with N, and the fourth output branch 330 of each first output part 300 is an output port. At this time, the output port of the switching switch includes the output port of the N fourth output branch 330, the output port of the third output branch 320 and the output port of the second output branch 130 as shown in Figure 4 , the output port of the N fourth output branch 330 is P3-P N+2 , the output port of the third output branch 320 is P N+3 , the output port of the second output branch 130 is P2, and the input port is P1, wherein P3-P N+2 only have output when the corresponding second control device 310 of the first output part 300 realizes one-to-two, P N+3 always keeps output; P2 only has output when the first control device 140 realizes one-to-two.
[0046] For example, part of the first output part 300 is connected to the fourth output branch 330 of the previous first output part 300, and part of the first output part 300 is connected to the third output branch 320 of the previous first output part 300. As shown in Figure 5 , the first output part 300 is provided with N, and the switching switch has N+2 ports as shown in Figure 5 , P2-P N+3The input port is P1, wherein the first output part 300 where P3 is located is connected with the first output branch 120; the first output part 300 where P4 is located is connected with the fourth output branch 330 of the previous first output part 300, and the remaining first output parts 300 are all connected with the third output branch 320 of the previous first output part 300, then the radio frequency signal of the port P3 is directly from the first output branch 120, and the radio frequency signal of P4 is directly from the fourth output branch 330 of the first output part 300 where P3 is located. For P4, the fourth output branch 330 where P3 is located needs to have signal output to ensure that P4 has output when P4 is implemented in one-to-two mode by the corresponding second control device 310. Therefore, Figure 5 The embodiments shown can realize power matching in more complex scenarios. Those skilled in the art can selectively set the positions of the first output parts 300 of each layer according to actual needs.
[0047] It can be understood that, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6 It can be understood that, as shown in
[0048] It should be noted that the connection of the fourth output branch 330 of the first output part 300 to the parallel point of the third output branch 320 and the fourth output branch 330 of the adjacent first output part 300 means that the fourth output branch 330 of the first output part 300 can be the direct source of the radio frequency signal of the next first output part 300, and the output branch of the next first output part 300 needs to have output in the one-to-two mode of the fourth output branch 330.
[0049] Therefore, by stacking multiple first output parts 300, the switching switch can have more output ports to realize power matching in more complex scenarios.
[0050] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, except for the first output part 300 closest to the first output branch 120, the remaining first output parts 300 are all connected with the fourth output branch 330 of the previous first output part 300, and in other embodiments, some first output parts 300 can be connected with the output branch where the control device is arranged, and some first output parts 300 can be connected with the output branch where the control device is not arranged. For this, the embodiments of the present application do not make any limitation.
[0051] For example, except for the first output part 300 closest to the first output branch 120, the remaining first output parts 300 are all connected with the fourth output branch 330 of the previous first output part 300. Then, as shown in Figure 6As shown, the first output unit 300 is provided with N, and the output ports of the switching switch include as follows: Figure 5 The diagram shows the output ports of N third output branches 320 and one fourth output branch 330. The output ports of the N third output branches 320 are P3 to P4. N+2 The output port of the fourth output branch 330 is P. N+3 The input port is P1, where P4 to P... N+2 For each output port in the first output unit 300, when the second controller 310 can achieve a one-to-two split, P4~P N+2 It has an output. For P N+3 In fact, only when all the first output units 300 achieve a split-in function can P be achieved. N+3 It has output. This will not be elaborated further in the embodiments of this application.
[0052] It should be noted that, referring to Figures 4 to 6 The connection method (i.e., series or parallel) of each second control device 310 in the multiple first output units 300 can be the same or different. Those skilled in the art can selectively combine them according to actual needs. In this regard, the embodiments of this application do not limit it.
[0053] Understandably, referring to Figure 7 As shown, the main switch component 100 also includes a second output section 400, which is electrically connected to a second output branch 130. Each second output section 400 includes a third control device 410 and a fifth output branch 420 and a sixth output branch 430 connected in parallel. The third control device 410 and the sixth output branch 430 are electrically connected in a one-to-one correspondence.
[0054] It should be noted that by setting up a second output unit 400, the scenarios for output port matching can be increased, thereby making the switch more versatile. Furthermore, since the second output unit 400 uses a third controller 410 to achieve both one-to-two and one-to-one matching modes, the matching difficulty can be reduced when there are many output ports, and the switching performance can be improved.
[0055] It should be noted that in some embodiments, only the second output branch 130 may be provided with the second output section 400, while in other embodiments, the first output branch 120 may be provided with the first output section 300 and the second output branch 130 may be provided with the second output section 400. This application does not limit the embodiments in this regard.
[0056] For example, such as Figure 7As shown, the second output branch 130 is connected with the second output unit 400, the first output branch 120 is connected with the second output unit 400, and the second output unit 400 is connected with the left output branch. When the first control device 140 implements a 1:2 split, the PR N+3 The output can be maintained at all times.
[0057] It should be noted that the second output unit 400 can be set in the same manner as the first output unit 300, and thus, no further description is provided.
[0058] It should be understood that the second output unit 400 is provided in multiple units. Figure 7 As shown, the second output unit 400 is provided in multiple units; the fifth output branch 420 of at least one second output unit 400 is connected with the parallel point of the fifth output branch 420 and the sixth output branch 430 of the adjacent second output unit 400.
[0059] It should be noted that the fifth output branch 420 of the second output unit 400 is connected with the parallel point of the fifth output branch 420 and the sixth output branch 430 of the adjacent second output unit 400, and at this time, the fifth output branch 420 is the direct source of the radio frequency signal of the next second output unit 400.
[0060] It should be noted that when the second output unit 400 is provided in multiple units, the multiple second output units 400 are stacked layer by layer, and the second output unit 400 at the bottom layer is connected with the second output branch 130. In some embodiments, except for the second output unit 400 at the bottom layer, the other second output units 400 are connected with the fifth output branch 420 of the previous second output unit 400 to achieve stacking, and the second output unit 400 at the bottom layer is connected with the second output matching branch 500. In other embodiments, part of the second output units 400 are connected with the fifth output branch 420 of the previous second output unit 400, part of the second output units 400 are connected with the third output branch 320 of the previous second output unit 400, and the second output unit 400 at the bottom layer is connected with the second output matching branch 500.
[0061] It should be understood that the second output unit 400 is provided in multiple units; the sixth output branch 430 of at least one second output unit 400 is connected with the parallel point of the fifth output branch 420 and the sixth output branch 430 of the adjacent second output unit 400.
[0062] It should be noted that when the sixth output branch 430 of the second output unit 400 is connected with the parallel point of the fifth output branch 420 and the sixth output branch 430 of the adjacent second output unit 400, the sixth output branch 430 serves as the direct source of the radio frequency signal of the next second output unit 400.
[0063] It should be noted that when the second output part 400 is provided in plurality, the plurality of second output parts 400 are stacked layer by layer, the second output part 400 located at the bottom layer is connected with the second output branch 130, and in some embodiments, the second output part 400 other than the second output part 400 located at the bottom layer is connected with the sixth output branch 430 of the previous second output part 400 to realize stacking. In another embodiment, part of the second output part 400 is connected with the fifth output branch 420 of the previous second output part 400, part of the second output part 400 is connected with the third output branch 320 of the previous second output part 400, and the second output part 400 located at the bottom layer is connected with the second output matching branch 500.
[0064] It should be noted that the combination of the connection modes of the third control device 410, the second control device 310 and the first control device 140 is not limited in the embodiments of the present application, and a person skilled in the art can selectively set according to actual needs.
[0065] It should be noted that the first output branch 120, the second output branch 130, the third output branch 320, the fourth output branch 330, the fifth output branch 420 and the sixth output branch 430 can all be implemented by microstrip lines.
[0066] It can be understood that the switching switch further includes a matching branch 500, and the matching branch 500 is used to control the power division ratio of the first output branch 120 and the second output branch 130.
[0067] It should be noted that the matching branch 500 can be configured between the output branches directly derived from the same radio frequency signal (for example, the third output branch 320 and the fourth output branch 330 of the first output part 300 share the same signal direct source, and the matching branch 500 can be configured between the third output branch 320 and the fourth output branch 330 of the first output part 300; for example, the fifth output branch 420 and the sixth output branch 430 of the second output part 400 share the same signal direct source, and the matching branch 500 can be configured between the fifth output branch 420 and the sixth output branch 430 of the second output part 400).
[0068] It should be noted that the present application does not limit the number of matching power division ratios of the matching branch 500 corresponding to the same signal source, and the present application can be selectively set according to actual needs. For example, the matching branch 500 supports two power division ratios, and for example, the matching branch 500 supports one power division ratio.
[0069] It should be noted that the present embodiment does not limit the implementation form of the matching branch 500. For example, the matching branch 500 can be implemented by using a microstrip line. In another embodiment, the matching branch 500 can be implemented by using a resonant circuit (i.e., an LC circuit). When the matching branch 500 supports multiple power division ratios, the signal output with different power division ratios can be achieved by selecting the switches to be physically connected.
[0070] It should be noted that, Figures 2 to 7 In some embodiments, the matching branch 500 is arranged in parallel with the output branch, and the matching branch 500 is connected to each of the input branch and the output branch. Figures 2 to 7 The matching branch 500 is not shown.
[0071] It should be understood that, as shown in Figure 8 The matching branch 500 includes a first matching structure 510 and a second matching structure 520, and the first matching structure 510 and the second matching structure 520 correspond to different power division ratios.
[0072] It should be noted that, by setting the power division ratios corresponding to the first matching structure 510 and the second matching structure 520 to be different, the matching branch 500 can adapt to different power demand scenarios.
[0073] It should be noted that, by setting multiple matching structures in one matching branch 500, when the first control device 140 is connected in series with the second output branch 130, the matching structure used in operation can be adjusted to reduce the influence of the port standing wave, thereby improving the performance of the switch.
[0074] It should be noted that the matching branch 500 can further include more matching structures, such as a third matching structure, a fourth matching structure, and the like. The present embodiment does not limit this.
[0075] It should be noted that, in some embodiments, when the matching structure included in one matching branch 500 is provided with multiple matching structures, the control device is connected in series with the corresponding output branch. For example, the first control device 140 is connected in series with the second output branch 130, the second control device 310 is connected in series with the fourth output branch 330, and the like. Therefore, the performance of the switch can be further improved.
[0076] For example, the first control device 140 is connected in series, as shown in Figure 8The switching switch of the shown series architecture, the matching branch 500 includes a first matching structure 510 and a second matching structure 520, and the output branch is connected with the first matching structure 510 and the second matching structure 520 through a two-way switch, and the first matching structure 510, the second matching structure 520 and the first output branch 120, the second output branch 130 are connected through another two-way switch. When the first matching structure 510 is selected, the first control device 140 is controlled to be turned on, so that the signal flows to P1->P3; when the second matching structure 520 is selected, the first control device 140 is controlled to be turned off, so that the signal flows to P1->P3 and P1->P4. At this time, by adapting different matching structures, the influence on the port standing wave in the series scenario can be reduced, and the switching performance is improved.
[0077] Next, taking the first control device 140, the second control device 310 and the third control device 410 as PIN diodes, the switching switch of the embodiments of the present application is described. As shown in the drawings, Figure 9a As shown, the PIN is usually composed of three layers of semiconductors, including two sides of P-type semiconductor layer and N-type semiconductor layer with heavy doping and the middle intrinsic semiconductor I layer with low doping, as shown in the drawings, Figure 9a As shown, the I layer can be a low-doped P layer, referred to as a P+-π-N structure, or a low-doped N layer, referred to as a P+-γ-N structure. Due to the existence of the high-resistance intrinsic layer I layer, it presents completely different characteristics from PN junction diodes in the microwave frequency band. The I layer in the PIN diode structure is a variable resistor, and its resistance change is mainly controlled by the direct current bias current, rather than by the instantaneous value of the microwave current. When forward biased, a large number of holes and electrons are injected into the I layer, and because the I layer has a certain length, these charges cannot recombine in a short time, but form a certain carrier distribution in the I layer and store a certain amount of charge, thereby reducing the resistance of the I layer. And in a microwave cycle signal, the amount of charge removed from the I layer is much less than the original charge, so there is still current in the PIN diode, and no rectification phenomenon occurs. When reverse biased, the carrier concentration of the I layer does not store charge, and still behaves as a high resistance. Therefore, the PIN diode under the microwave signal can behave as a variable impedance controlled by the direct current bias, and when the external bias is positive, the PIN diode presents a low resistance characteristic similar to short circuit, and when the external bias is negative, the PIN diode presents a high resistance characteristic similar to open circuit. And under the action of the microwave frequency signal, no nonlinear rectification occurs. As shown in the equivalent circuit diagrams of FIGS. 9B and 9C, in the positive bias state, the I layer resistance is represented, and the dynamic storage of the carriers in the I layer is equivalent to a diffusion capacitor, so that Figure 9bThe equivalent circuit diagram is shown below. In this circuit, the small resistance in the region, along with the ohmic contact resistance and lead resistance, is equivalent to a resistor. When the forward bias increases, the resistance decreases rapidly (and can be ignored). The bypass effect of the capacitor is negligible, so it can be considered equivalent to a forward-biased resistor. In the reverse bias state, as shown... Figure 9c The circuit diagram shown illustrates the effect, where the depletion layer is equivalent to a parallel connection of a resistor and a capacitor. In most microwave applications, the effect of the depletion layer is far less than that of the capacitor, so it can be equivalent to a reverse-biased high-impedance capacitor. In this case, when all control devices use PIN diodes, based on the working principle of PIN diodes, a specific example is as follows:
[0078] like Figure 2 The switch shown has a three-port network. The PIN diode of the first control device 140 is connected in parallel with the second output stub 130. The input port corresponding to the input stub is P1, the output port corresponding to the first output stub 120 is P2, and the output port corresponding to the second output stub 130 is P3. When the PIN diode is forward-biased, it is approximately short-circuited to ground in the circuit, and most of the signal is reflected back to ground. The signal is transmitted from P1 to P2, and the switch achieves a 1-to-1 function. When the PIN diode is reverse-biased and cut off, it is approximately open-circuited to ground in the circuit, and the signal is transmitted from P1 to P2 and P3, and the switch achieves a 1-to-2 function. At the same time, the switching function of any power ratio (such as 1:1 equal power ratio or 1:2 unequal power ratio) can be achieved by adjusting the matching stub 500 between the first output stub 120 and the second output stub 130. In this case, the switch can achieve high isolation with only one PIN diode, which is inexpensive and suitable for high-power scenarios.
[0079] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, the first control device 140 is PIN1 and the second control device 310 is PIN2. PIN1 and PIN2 are connected in parallel to achieve 1to1 and 1to3 functions. PIN1 and PIN2 are both PIN diodes. When PIN1 and PIN2 are forward-biased, they are approximately short-circuited to ground in the circuit, and most of the signal is reflected back to ground. The signal is transmitted from P1 to P2, and the switching switch achieves the 1to1 function. When PIN1 and PIN2 are reverse-biased and cut off, they are approximately open-circuited to ground in the circuit, and the signal is transmitted from P1 to P2, P3, and P4, and the switching switch achieves the 1to3 function. This switching switch can achieve high isolation using only two PIN diodes, is inexpensive, and can be used in the design of power ratio switchable circuits, and is applicable to high-power scenarios.
[0080] For example, such as Figure 4 and Figure 7As shown, two branches of a single parallel architecture are used to derive branches, which can be built into a switch architecture that can realize 1to1 and 1to N functions, is convenient and flexible to use, has low cost, can be used for the design of power ratio switchable routing switches, and can be applied to high-power scenarios. For example, referring to Figure 4 As shown, the first output branch 120 is branched to set N first output parts 300. When the first control device 140 and the second control device 310 are both forwardly on, the 1to1 function of P1->P N+3 can be realized; when the first control device 140 and the second control device 310 are both reversely off, the 1to N function of P1 simultaneously to P2~P N+3 can be realized. For example, referring to Figure 7 As shown, the first output branch 120 and the second output branch 130 are both used as derivative branches, and N first output parts 300 and N second output parts 400 are respectively set. When the first control device 140 and the second control device 310 are both forwardly on, the 1to1 function of P1->PL N+3 can be realized; when the first control device 140 and the second control device 310 are both reversely off, the 1to N function of P1 simultaneously to P1->PL N+3 and the output state of the fifth output branch 420 and the sixth output branch 430 is controlled according to the on state of the third control device 410.
[0081] For example, as shown in Figure 8 The first control device 140 is connected in series with the second output branch 130 to realize a series architecture. When the two-way switch simultaneously selects the first matching structure 510, the PIN diode as the first control device 140 is controlled by the bias circuit 200 to be forwardly on, the flow of signals from P1 to P3 can be realized; when the two-way switch simultaneously selects the second matching structure 520, the PIN diode is controlled by the bias circuit 200 to be reversely off, the flow of signals from P1 to P2 and P3 can be realized. The switching switch can realize arbitrary switching of the routing switch and the power ratio adjustable state. At the same time, the switching switch realizes 1to1 and 1to2 states using different matching architectures, respectively. In the one-to-one state, the switch function of low insertion loss and high isolation can be realized. In the one-to-two state, the power division function of adjustable power ratio is realized. The two states respectively use different matching methods, greatly reducing the matching difficulty, effectively improving the narrow on-off bandwidth, better realizing the switch performance, and improving the link efficiency and realizing the energy-saving effect.
[0082] It should be noted that when the first control device 140, the second control device 310 and the third control device 410 are PIN diodes, the first control device 140, the second control device 310 and the third control device 410 can be turned on and turned off by setting a bias circuit 200 at the input branch, at this time, a smaller DC signal can be used to control a larger RF signal, which can improve the communication speed while reducing the production cost.
[0083] Therefore, the embodiments of the present application can control the working state of the antenna by controlling the flow of the RF signal. When the switch is in the 1:2 power division network, the switching process of the two working modes needs to realize the 1:2 power division feeding and the 1:1 straight-through mode feeding. Compared with the existing switch, the switch of the embodiments of the present application has a larger on-off bandwidth, lower matching difficulty and can realize more matching modes.
[0084] In summary, the switch of the embodiments of the present application not only realizes the function of the routing switch, but also realizes the signal shunt function of the switchable power ratio, and realizes the series PIN tube architecture and the parallel PIN tube architecture by adjusting the connection mode of the control device. The series PIN tube architecture is realized by at least two matching modes, which reduces the matching difficulty, realizes better performance, greatly improves the matching performance between the switch and the antenna, reduces the loss of the signal, improves the link efficiency, and the parallel PIN tube architecture can realize high isolation by a single PIN tube, which is low in cost and suitable for high-power scenarios.
[0085] It can be understood that the embodiments of the present application also provide a radio frequency device, which comprises the above-mentioned switch.
[0086] It should be noted that the radio frequency device can be an active antenna unit (AAU), or a wireless transceiver terminal, etc. When the switch is in a 1:2 power division network, the 1:2 power division network needs to realize 1to1 and 1to2 feeding in the switching process, and requires good standing wave, when the radio frequency device is applied to the above-mentioned 1:2 power division network, the switch of the present application can be used, since the radio frequency device is provided with the above-mentioned switch, the routing and shunt of the RF signal can be realized by the switch, and the network architecture is simpler.
[0087] The above describes some embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings, but does not limit the scope of the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and essence of the present application shall be within the scope of the present application.
Claims
1. A switch, comprising: a switch main part, the switch main part comprising an input, a first output branch, a second output branch and a first control device, the first control device being electrically connected with the second output branch; the first control device being used to control the input to be conducted with the first output branch or the input to be conducted with the first output branch and the second output branch.
2. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the switch main part further comprising a first output part, the first output part being electrically connected with the first output branch; each of the first output part comprising a second control device and a third output branch and a fourth output branch connected in parallel, the second control device being electrically connected with the fourth output branch one by one.
3. The switch according to claim 2, characterized in that the first output part being provided with a plurality of; the third output branch of at least one of the first output part being connected to the parallel point of the third output branch and the fourth output branch of the adjacent first output part.
4. The switch according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the first output part being provided with a plurality of; the fourth output branch of at least one of the first output part being connected to the parallel point of the third output branch and the fourth output branch of the adjacent first output part.
5. The switch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the switch main part further comprising a second output part, the second output part being electrically connected with the second output branch; each of the second output part comprising a third control device and a fifth output branch and a sixth output branch connected in parallel, the third control device being electrically connected with the sixth output branch one by one.
6. The switch according to claim 5, characterized in that the second output part being provided with a plurality of; the fifth output branch of at least one of the second output part being connected to the parallel point of the fifth output branch and the sixth output branch of the adjacent second output part.
7. The switch according to claim 5, characterized in that the second output part being provided with a plurality of; the sixth output branch of at least one of the second output part being connected to the parallel point of the fifth output branch and the sixth output branch of the adjacent second output part.
8. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that further comprising a matching branch, the matching branch being used to control the power division ratio of the first output branch and the second output branch.
9. The switch according to claim 8, characterized in that the matching branch comprising a first matching structure and a second matching structure, the first matching structure and the second matching structure corresponding to different power division ratios.
10. The switch according to claim 1, characterized in that the first control device being one of a radio frequency relay, a ferrite circulator, a gallium arsenide field effect transistor switch and a PIN diode.
11. A radio frequency device, characterized by, comprising the switch of any one of claims 1 to 10.