Inverted arch construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to an inverted arch construction method, which relates to the field of tunnel construction, and comprises the following steps: a foundation trench is formed: the foundation trench of an inverted arch is formed in a tunnel, the base of the foundation trench is pretreated, and a waterproof layer is laid; binding reinforcing steel bars: laying an inverted arch reinforcing steel bar mesh in the foundation trench; a tunnel inverted arch construction trolley is adopted to adjust the arc-shaped formwork and the end formwork and fix the arc-shaped formwork and the end formwork above the foundation trench, and a sprue gate is formed between the end formwork and a base of the foundation trench; concrete is poured, specifically, concrete is poured into the foundation trench through pouring openings in the two sides of the arc-shaped formwork; and demolding is conducted, specifically, the arc-shaped formwork and the end formwork are demolded through the tunnel inverted arch construction trolley, then the tunnel inverted arch construction trolley is used for moving the arc-shaped formwork and the end formwork to the next construction position, and the next cycle is conducted. The forming quality of the inverted arch can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction, and in particular to a method for constructing an inverted arch. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel engineering, the invert arch, as a key load-bearing structure at the bottom, is mainly used to resist ground pressure, prevent bottom heave deformation, and enhance the overall stability of the tunnel. Traditional invert arch construction methods typically include foundation trench excavation, rebar tying, formwork support, and concrete pouring. Precast invert arch blocks can also be used for assembly, but this requires high precision, presents challenges in waterproofing joints, and is unsuitable for complex geological conditions. Especially during concrete pouring, the quality of the pour directly affects the final quality of the invert arch.

[0003] Currently, most concrete pouring processes involve stacking molds and then pouring directly. However, due to the curved shape of the invert arch, uneven pouring is prone to occur during manual pouring. If the pouring is uneven, the concrete at both ends of the invert arch may accumulate downwards, causing the curved mold in the middle of the invert arch to float upwards. This pushes the end molds on both sides outwards, resulting in significant errors in the forming quality of the invert arch. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To improve the forming quality of inverted arches, this invention provides a method for constructing inverted arches.

[0005] This invention provides a method for constructing an inverted arch, employing the following technical solution: A method for constructing an inverted arch includes the following steps: Excavation of foundation trench: Excavate foundation trenches for the invert arch inside the tunnel, pre-treat the foundation of the foundation trenches, and lay a waterproof layer; Reinforcement binding: Lay the inverted arch reinforcement mesh in the foundation trench; Formwork installation: The tunnel arch construction trolley is used to adjust and fix the arc-shaped formwork and end formwork above the foundation trench, and the end formwork forms a pouring port between the foundation trench and the base of the foundation trench; Concrete pouring: Concrete is poured into the foundation trench through the pouring ports on both sides of the curved template; Demolding: The arched formwork and end formwork are demolded using a tunnel arch construction trolley. Then, the arched formwork and end formwork are moved to the next construction position using the tunnel arch construction trolley to start the next cycle.

[0006] Preferably, the step of opening the foundation trench includes: opening the foundation trench of the invert arch using an excavator and manual labor according to the arch curvature, thickness and reinforcement layout requirements; removing loose debris and water from the foundation; replacing or reinforcing the soft strata; and testing the bearing capacity of the foundation.

[0007] Preferably, the steel bar binding step includes: bending the main reinforcing bars into arc shapes according to the design requirements of the inverted arch, fixing the main reinforcing bars to the reserved reinforcing bars in the side wall, and pre-embedding drainage pipes.

[0008] Preferably, the tunnel invert arch construction trolley includes a main body, on which an arc-shaped template, an end template, and an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the arc of the arc-shaped template and the end template are installed; The end template is rotatably connected to both sides of the arc-shaped template; The adjustment mechanism is disposed opposite to both ends of the main body. The adjustment mechanism includes a first adjustment component and a second adjustment component for adjusting the height of the arc-shaped template. Multiple sets of the first adjustment components are arranged along the moving direction of the main body. The first adjustment component includes a first adjustment cylinder, the cylinder body of which is rotatably connected to one end of the main body, and the piston rod of which is rotatably connected to the end template. One end of the second adjustment component is fixedly connected to the main body, and the other end of the second adjustment component is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped template.

[0009] Preferably, the first adjustment assembly further includes a second adjustment cylinder and a third adjustment cylinder. The cylinder body of the second adjustment cylinder is fixedly connected to the main body, and the piston rod of the second adjustment cylinder is rotatably connected to the end of the end template away from the arc-shaped template. The cylinder body of the third adjustment cylinder is rotatably connected to the main body, and the piston rod of the third adjustment cylinder is rotatably connected to the end of the end template near the arc-shaped template.

[0010] Preferably, the second adjustment component includes a fourth adjustment cylinder and a transition plate, the transition plate being fixedly connected to the arc-shaped template, the cylinder body of the fourth adjustment cylinder being fixedly connected to the bottom of the main body, and the piston rod of the fourth adjustment cylinder being fixedly connected to the transition plate.

[0011] Preferably, the main body includes a main frame, an adjustment part, and a mounting part. The adjustment part is slidably disposed at both ends of the main frame. The mounting part is fixedly connected to the end of the adjustment part away from the main frame. The cylinder body of the first adjustment cylinder is rotatably connected to the mounting part. Drive motors are fixedly installed at both ends of the main frame. A screw is installed on the output shaft of the drive motor. The screw is threadedly connected to one end of the adjustment part. The drive motor drives the adjustment part to move and adjust along both sides of the main frame.

[0012] Preferably, a support mechanism is provided below the main body. The support mechanism includes a track, a transmission belt, a transmission motor, and a support part. The track is arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel. The support part is fixedly installed at both ends of the track. The transmission belt is rotatably installed on the track. The transmission belt is provided with a fixing part for fixing the main body. The transmission motor is installed on the track and drives the transmission belt to rotate.

[0013] Preferably, pressure sensors are provided on the first, second, third, and fourth adjusting cylinders, and multiple distance sensors are provided on both ends of the end template and the bottom end of the arc-shaped template. The distance sensors at both ends of the end template along the moving direction of the main body form a first sensor array, and the distance sensors at the bottom end of the arc-shaped template along the moving direction of the main body form a second sensor array. A control terminal is provided on the main body, and the control terminal is communicatively connected to the distance sensors and the pressure sensors.

[0014] Preferably, the control terminal further includes an adjustment system, the adjustment system comprising: Main control module The first detection module has its input end connected to the output end of the first sensor array and its output end connected to the input end of the main control module. It is used to detect the distance between the end template and the edge of the base trench. The second detection module has its input end connected to the output end of the second sensor array and its output end connected to the input end of the main control module. It is used to detect the distance between the bottom end of the arc-shaped template and the bottom end of the base trench. The third detection module has its input end connected to the output end of the pressure sensor and its output end connected to the input end of the main control module. It is used to detect the pressure on the end template and the pressure on the arc template. The calibration module has its input end connected to the output end of the first detection module and the output end of the second detection module, and its output end connected to the input end of the main control module. It is used to calibrate the detection information of the first detection module and the second detection module. The main control module has its output end connected to the first, second, third, and fourth adjusting cylinders, as well as the input end of the drive motor, and is used to adjust the position of the arc-shaped template and the end template.

[0015] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects: 1. The invert arch construction method accurately delivers the curved formwork and end formwork to the designated positions. The angle between the end formwork and the curved formwork can be adjusted using a tunnel invert arch construction trolley to adapt to and adjust to different tunnel working conditions. Simultaneously, the curvature of the curved formwork can be precisely controlled to improve the forming quality of the invert arch. Simultaneous concrete filling from both sides reduces the formation of cold joints and air bubbles.

[0016] 2. Drive the corresponding first adjusting cylinder or second adjusting component to adjust the shape or position of the end template and the arc template so that the invert arch has good forming conditions during the shaping process, reducing the error of manual adjustment, improving the forming quality of the invert arch, reducing the time consumed by the subsequent correction process, and speeding up the construction efficiency.

[0017] 3. The device enables the adjustment of the piston rod length of each of the first, second, and third adjusting cylinders, allowing the inverted arch to be bent into a certain arc shape, thus further improving the applicability of the device.

[0018] 4. The height of the transition plate is adjusted by adjusting the piston rod of the fourth adjusting cylinder, thereby restoring the arc template to the height and curvature required by the design, which improves the anti-buoyancy and anti-sinking ability of the arc template and improves the forming quality of the invert arch; the uniform load design of the transition plate avoids local stress concentration of the arc template.

[0019] 5. During the concrete pouring process after positioning, if the uneven concrete pouring causes a large displacement deformation of the end template, the position of the end template is adjusted as a whole by driving the motor. This is suitable for situations where the deformation or error is too large and exceeds the adjustment range of the first adjustment component, thereby further improving the adjustment range of the device.

[0020] 6. The end template and the curved template are raised and lowered by the adjustment mechanism to achieve rapid demolding. Then, the main body is moved by the drive motor to quickly move to the next construction position for the next step of invert arch construction, which improves the construction efficiency of the invert arch. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for constructing an inverted arch according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the tunnel invert arch construction trolley in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the invention with added support mechanism; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A diagram from another perspective; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the present invention in the state of pouring concrete into the tunnel; Figure 6 This is a partially enlarged schematic diagram of the support frame position of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the adjustment part of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the adjustment system of the present invention.

[0022] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 100, main body; 110, main frame; 120, adjustment part; 130, mounting part; 140, drive motor; 150, screw; 200, arc-shaped template; 300, end template; 400, adjustment mechanism; 410, first adjustment component; 411, first adjustment cylinder; 412, second adjustment cylinder; 413, third adjustment cylinder; 420, second adjustment component; 421, fourth adjustment cylinder; 422, transition plate; 500, support mechanism; 510, track; 520, transmission belt; 530, transmission motor; 540, support part; 541, support frame; 542, walking mechanism; 543, fixed anchor bolt; 550, fixing part. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 To be continued Figure 2 The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described herein. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0025] Furthermore, in this invention, descriptions involving "first," "second," etc., are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0026] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection," "fixed," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, "fixed" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0027] Furthermore, the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other, but only if they are feasible for those skilled in the art. If the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be considered that such combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

[0028] Currently, a Chinese utility model patent with publication number CN206972255U and publication date of February 6, 2018, entitled "A Tunnel Invert Arch Construction Trolley," includes: a walking drive device installed and fixed on a longitudinal beam; a gantry column installed and fixed on the longitudinal beam; a counterweight block installed on the rear end face of the longitudinal beam; the tops of a first column and a second column welded to both ends of the gantry crossbeam; fixed pulleys respectively installed on the top surfaces of both ends of the gantry crossbeam; and the two ends of a first steel wire rope respectively installed on the left end and the fifth end of the invert arch formwork support beam. The hydraulic cylinder is mounted on the inverted arch formwork. The first and second support devices are respectively mounted on the inverted arch formwork support beam. The right end of the inverted arch formwork support beam is connected to the left end of the longitudinal beam. The left end of the inverted arch formwork support beam is mounted together with the upper end of the fourth hydraulic cylinder. The lower end of the inverted arch formwork support column is mounted on the translation trolley. The wire rope on the electric hoist is installed together with the inverted arch formwork. The two ends of the sixth hydraulic cylinder are respectively connected to the horizontal support arm and the inverted arch formwork. The lifting and positioning of the inverted arch formwork are realized through the traction wire rope on the electric hoist, the sixth hydraulic cylinder, and the adjusting screw.

[0029] While this solution enables convenient movement of the invert arch formwork, the special conditions required for invert arch formation during concrete pouring may cause the formwork to float, resulting in significant errors in invert arch formation. This causes considerable inconvenience to subsequent correction and post-processing procedures, severely impacting the invert arch's forming quality and construction efficiency.

[0030] Example 1: This invention discloses a method for constructing an inverted arch. (Refer to...) Figure 1 A method for constructing an inverted arch includes the following steps: S1: Excavation of foundation trench: Excavate the foundation trench for the invert arch inside the tunnel, pre-treat the foundation of the foundation trench, and lay a waterproof layer. S2: Reinforcement binding: Lay the inverted arch reinforcement mesh in the foundation trench; S3: Laying formwork: The tunnel arch construction trolley is used to adjust and fix the arc formwork and end formwork above the foundation trench, and the end formwork forms a pouring port between the foundation trench and the base of the foundation trench; S4: Concrete pouring: Concrete is poured into the foundation trench through the pouring ports on both sides of the arc-shaped template. S5: Demolding: The arched formwork and end formwork are demolded using a tunnel arch construction trolley. Then, the arched formwork and end formwork are moved to the next construction position using the tunnel arch construction trolley to start the next cycle.

[0031] In some embodiments, S1: the foundation trench opening step includes: according to the arch curvature, thickness, and reinforcement layout requirements, using an excavator and manual labor to open the foundation trench for the arch; removing loose debris and accumulated water from the foundation; replacing or reinforcing soft strata; and testing the bearing capacity of the foundation.

[0032] In some embodiments, S2: the rebar tying step includes: bending the main rebar into an arc shape according to the design requirements of the inverted arch, fixing the main rebar to the reserved rebar in the side wall, and pre-embedding the drainage pipe.

[0033] In some embodiments, S4: the concrete pouring step includes: sequentially and alternately setting multiple pouring pipes above the pouring ports at both ends of the arc-shaped template along the tunnel axis, and simultaneously pouring concrete.

[0034] The implementation principle of the invert arch construction method of this invention is as follows: The tunnel invert arch construction trolley accurately delivers the curved and end formwork to their designated positions. It allows for adjustment of the angle between the end and curved formwork to adapt to different tunnel working conditions. Simultaneously, it enables precise control of the curved formwork's curvature, improving the invert arch's forming quality. Symmetrical arrangement of the pouring ports allows for simultaneous concrete filling from both sides, reducing cold joints and air bubbles. Using the tunnel invert arch construction trolley to fix the end and curved formwork provides support to the end formwork, reducing the impact of lateral pressure during concrete pouring. Supporting the curved formwork enhances its resistance to buoyancy and settling forces during concrete pouring, reducing the possibility of deformation and improving the overall quality of the invert arch formation.

[0035] Example 2: The main difference between this embodiment and Embodiment 1 is: (Referring to...) Figures 2 to 8 The tunnel invert arch construction trolley includes a main body 100, on which an arc-shaped template 200, an end template 300, and an adjustment mechanism 400 for adjusting the arc of the arc template 200 and the end template 300 are installed. The arc-shaped template 200 is formed by assembling several arc-shaped template 200 base plates into a whole using a modular mortise and tenon structure, and the end template 300 is rotatably connected to both sides of the arc-shaped template 200. Adjustment mechanisms 400 are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the moving direction of the main body 100. Multiple sets of adjustment mechanisms 400 are arranged along the moving direction of the main body 100. The adjustment mechanism 400 includes a first adjustment component 410 and a second adjustment component 420 for adjusting the height of the arc template 200. The first adjustment component 410 includes a first adjustment cylinder 411. The cylinder body of the first adjustment cylinder 411 is rotatably connected to one end of the main body 100, and the piston rod of the first adjustment cylinder 411 is rotatably connected to the end template 300. One end of the second adjustment component 420 is fixedly connected to the main body 100 by bolts, and the other end of the second adjustment component 420 is fixedly connected to the arc template 200 by bolts.

[0036] The end template 300 and the arc template 200 are pre-fixed on the adjustment mechanism 400 of the tunnel invert construction trolley. When it is necessary to fix the end template 300 and the arc template 200 in a designated position, the tunnel invert construction trolley is moved to the designated position. Then, the first adjustment cylinder 411 of the control adjustment mechanism 400 adjusts the angle position of the end template 300 into place, and the second adjustment component 420 adjusts the curvature of the arc template 200 into place. Then, concrete is poured, which improves the applicability of the device. During the pouring process, if the arc template 200 and the end template 300 deform or shift, the corresponding first adjustment cylinder 411 or the second adjustment component 420 is driven to adjust the shape or position of the end template 300 and the arc template 200 into place, so that the invert has good forming conditions during the shaping process, reducing the error of manual adjustment, improving the forming quality of the invert, reducing the time consumed by the subsequent correction process, and speeding up the construction efficiency.

[0037] Reference Figure 2 In some embodiments, the first adjustment assembly 410 further includes a second adjustment cylinder 412 and a third adjustment cylinder 413. The cylinder body of the second adjustment cylinder 412 is fixedly connected to the main body 100, and the piston rod of the second adjustment cylinder 412 is rotatably connected to the end of the end template 300 away from the arc template 200. The cylinder body of the third adjustment cylinder 413 is rotatably connected to the main body 100, and the piston rod of the third adjustment cylinder 413 is rotatably connected to the end of the end template 300 near the arc template 200.

[0038] During the adjustment of the end template 300, if the concrete pouring is uneven and causes deformation of the end template 300, the second adjusting cylinder 412 can adjust the outer end of the end template 300 to keep the edge of the invert arch along the tunnel axis in a straight line, reducing the occurrence of local protrusion or concavity of the invert arch edge; the third adjusting cylinder 413 can adjust the curvature of the lower end of the end template 300, and can also adjust the height of both ends of the curved template to a certain extent, thereby adjusting the curvature of the curved template 200 as a whole, improving the adjustment range of the device; if the tunnel needs to process the invert arch of the turning part, according to the curvature requirements of the tunnel, the length of the piston rod of each first adjusting cylinder 411, second adjusting cylinder 412 and third adjusting cylinder 413 can be adjusted along the tunnel axis to make the invert arch achieve a certain curvature and bend, further improving the applicability of the device.

[0039] Reference Figure 5 In some embodiments, the second adjustment component 420 includes a fourth adjustment cylinder 421 and a transition plate 422. The transition plate 422 is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped template 200 by bolts, the cylinder body of the fourth adjustment cylinder 421 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main body 100 by bolts, and the piston rod of the fourth adjustment cylinder 421 is fixedly connected to the transition plate 422 by bolts. The fourth adjustment cylinder 421 is used to adjust the curvature and height of the arc-shaped template 200. If the arc-shaped template 200 floats due to the buoyancy of the concrete during the pouring process, or if the arc-shaped template 200 sinks due to its own weight, the piston rod of the fourth adjustment cylinder 421 is adjusted to adjust the height of the transition plate 422, thereby restoring the arc-shaped template 200 to the designed height and curvature, improving the anti-buoyancy and anti-sinking ability of the arc-shaped template 200 and improving the forming quality of the invert arch; the transition plate 422 is designed with uniform load distribution to avoid local stress concentration in the arc-shaped template 200.

[0040] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 7In some embodiments, the main body 100 includes a main frame 110, an adjustment part 120, and a mounting part 130. The adjustment part 120 is slidably disposed at both ends of the main frame 110. The mounting part 130 is fixedly connected to the end of the adjustment part 120 away from the main frame 110. The cylinder body of the first adjustment cylinder 411 is rotatably connected to the mounting part 130. A drive motor 140 is fixedly installed at both ends of the main frame 110. A screw 150 is installed on the output shaft of the drive motor 140. The screw 150 is threadedly connected to one end of the adjustment part 120. The drive motor 140 drives the adjustment part 120 to move and adjust along both sides of the main frame 110. According to the tunnel design requirements, before the pre-installation of the arc-shaped template 200 and the end template 300, the drive motor 140 drives the screw 150 to rotate. The screw 150 drives the adjustment part 120 to move at both ends of the main frame 110, thereby adapting to the width of the tunnel's invert arch to facilitate the installation of the arc-shaped template 200 and the end template 300. During the concrete pouring process after positioning, if the concrete pouring is uneven and causes the end template 300 to deviate significantly, the drive motor 140 is used to adjust the position of the end template 300 as a whole to accommodate situations where the deformation or error is too large and exceeds the adjustment range of the first adjustment component 410, further improving the adjustment range of the device.

[0041] Reference Figures 2 to 4 In some embodiments, a support mechanism 500 is provided below the main body 100. The support mechanism 500 includes a track 510, a transmission belt 520, a transmission motor 530, and a support part 540. The track 510 is arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel. The support part 540 is fixedly installed at the front and rear ends of the track 510. The transmission belt 520 is rotatably installed on the track 510 through rollers. A fixing part 550 for fixing the main body 100 is provided on the transmission belt 520. The transmission motor 530 is fixedly installed on the track 510 through bolts. The transmission motor 530 drives the transmission belt 520 to rotate through a drive wheel. A sliding roller is provided between the main frame 110 and the track 510.

[0042] The support 540 is pre-fixed in a designated position, and then the transmission belt 520 is driven to rotate by the transmission motor 530, thereby moving the main body 100 as a whole to the designated position. After the main body 100 is placed, the arc-shaped template 200 and the end template 300 are fixed on top, or the support 540 at one end is removed, the entire main body 100 is sent to the track 510, and then the support 540 is reinstalled. The appropriate installation method is selected according to the tunnel and construction conditions. After the invert arch is shaped and constructed in this tunnel stage, the end template 300 and the arc-shaped template 200 are raised and lowered by the adjustment mechanism 400 to achieve rapid demolding. Then, the main body 100 is moved by the transmission motor 530 to quickly move to the next construction position for the next invert arch construction, which improves the construction efficiency of the invert arch.

[0043] The support mechanism 500 can be equipped with multiple main bodies 100, arc-shaped templates 200, end templates 300, and adjustment mechanisms 400 to achieve simultaneous multi-segment arch shaping and improve construction efficiency.

[0044] Reference Figure 6 The support unit 540 includes a support frame 541 and a traveling mechanism 542. The support frame 541 is fixedly connected to the front and rear ends of the track 510. The traveling mechanism 542 is located below the support frame 541, and the entire device is moved by the driving mechanism of the traveling mechanism 542. The support unit 540 also includes fixing bolts 543, which are slidably mounted on the support frame 541. The fixing bolts 543 improve the flexibility of the device by securing multiple support frames 541, reducing the possibility of the curved template 200 or even the entire device floating during the pouring process, thus improving the stability of the device.

[0045] In some embodiments, pressure sensors are provided on the first adjusting cylinder 411, the second adjusting cylinder 412, the third adjusting cylinder 413, and the fourth adjusting cylinder 421. Multiple distance sensors are provided on both ends of the end template 300 and the bottom end of the arc template 200. The distance sensors at both ends of the end template 300 along the moving direction of the main body 100 form a first sensor array, and the distance sensors at the bottom end of the arc template 200 along the moving direction of the main body 100 form a second sensor array. The distance sensors can be infrared sensors or ultrasonic sensors, or one or more of various sensors for detecting distance, which are not limited here. A control terminal is provided on the main body 100, and the control terminal is communicatively connected to the distance sensors and the pressure sensors.

[0046] After the curved template 200 and the end template 300 are moved to the designated positions, the distance between the end template 300 and the tunnel edge (base side) is detected by the first sensor array to check for any offset. If an offset is detected, the control terminal drives the adjustment mechanism 400 to make corresponding adjustments. Simultaneously, if the offset of the end templates 300 at both ends is detected to be too large during the detection process by the two sets of first sensor arrays (i.e., the end templates 300 and the curved template 200 are not in the center position of the tunnel), the control terminal adjusts the position of the adjustment unit 120 to restore the positions of the end templates 300 and the curved template 200. The second sensor... The device array detects whether the height of the end template 300 is in place during positioning. If it is not in place, the control terminal controls the corresponding first adjustment component 410 to adjust the height and curvature of the end template 300. There are multiple pressure sensors. During the pouring process, the pressure sensors detect the pressure at each monitoring point in real time and feed it back to the control terminal. If the pressure at any detection point exceeds the normal threshold range, a reminder is given or corresponding adjustments are made. If the pressure is abnormal, the abnormal position can be quickly vibrated multiple times using a vibrator according to the reminder information to restore the position to the normal pressure range, thereby quickly resolving the abnormality.

[0047] Reference Figure 8 In some embodiments, the control terminal further includes an adjustment system, which includes: Main control module The first detection module has its input end connected to the output end of the first sensor array and its output end connected to the input end of the main control module. It is used to detect the distance between the end template 300 and the edge of the base groove. The second detection module has its input end connected to the output end of the second sensor array and its output end connected to the input end of the main control module. It is used to detect the distance between the bottom end of the arc template 200 and the bottom end of the base trench. The third detection module has its input end connected to the output end of the pressure sensor and its output end connected to the input end of the main control module. It is used to detect the pressure on the end template 300 and the pressure on the arc template 200. The calibration module has its input end connected to the output end of the first detection module and the output end of the second detection module, and its output end connected to the input end of the main control module. It is used to calibrate the detection information of the first detection module and the second detection module. The main control module has its output end connected to the input end of the first adjusting cylinder 411, the second adjusting cylinder 412, the third adjusting cylinder 413, the fourth adjusting cylinder 421, and the drive motor 140, and is used to adjust the position of the arc template 200 and the end template 300.

[0048] The first detection module detects the distance between the end template 300 and the edge of the foundation trench to check for any offset. If an offset is detected, the control terminal drives the adjustment mechanism 400 to make corresponding adjustments. The second detection module detects whether the distance between the bottom end of the curved template 200 and the bottom end of the foundation trench is within acceptable limits. If not, the control terminal controls the corresponding first adjustment component 410 to adjust the height and curvature of the end template 300. The calibration module receives information from both the first and second detection modules, feeds the information back to the control terminal, and calibrates the adjustment information, as the adjustment of the curved template may cause the end template 300 to be affected. The head template 300 moves slightly, and the calibration module calibrates the error. If excessive positional errors occur, meaning the head template 300 and the arc template 200 are not in the center of the tunnel, the control terminal adjusts the position of the adjustment unit 120 to restore the positions of the head template 300 and the arc template 200. The third detection module provides a warning or makes corresponding adjustments if the pressure at a detection position exceeds the normal threshold range. If the pressure is abnormal, it can quickly use a vibrator to vibrate the abnormal position multiple times based on the warning information to restore the pressure to the normal range, thus quickly resolving the abnormality.

[0049] The implementation principle of the invert arch construction method of this invention is as follows: The first adjusting cylinder 411 or the second adjusting component 420 is driven to precisely position the end template 300 and the arc template 200, eliminating human error and reducing the time spent on the correction process. Multiple adjusting mechanisms 400 are coordinated to adjust the end template 300 and the arc template 200 with arbitrary designed curvature, thus improving the applicability. The angle between the end template 300 and the arc template 200 is adjusted using the tunnel invert construction trolley to adapt to and adjust the working conditions of different tunnels. At the same time, the curvature of the arc template 200 can be precisely controlled to improve the forming quality of the invert.

[0050] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an inverted arch, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Excavation of foundation trench: Excavate foundation trenches for the invert arch inside the tunnel, pre-treat the foundation of the foundation trenches, and lay a waterproof layer; Reinforcement binding: Lay the inverted arch reinforcement mesh in the foundation trench; Formwork installation: The tunnel arch construction trolley is used to adjust and fix the arc-shaped formwork and end formwork above the foundation trench, and the end formwork forms a pouring port between the foundation trench and the base of the foundation trench; Concrete pouring: Concrete is poured into the foundation trench through the pouring ports on both sides of the curved template; Demolding: The arched formwork and end formwork are demolded using a tunnel arch construction trolley. Then, the arched formwork and end formwork are moved to the next construction position using the tunnel arch construction trolley to start the next cycle.

2. The method for constructing an inverted arch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steps of opening the foundation trench include: opening the foundation trench of the invert arch using an excavator and manual labor according to the arch curvature, thickness and reinforcement layout requirements; removing loose debris and water from the foundation; replacing or reinforcing the soft strata; and testing the bearing capacity of the foundation.

3. The method for constructing an inverted arch according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel bar binding steps include: bending the main reinforcing bars into arc shapes according to the design requirements of the inverted arch, fixing the main reinforcing bars to the reserved reinforcing bars in the side wall, and pre-embedding drainage pipes.

4. The method for constructing an inverted arch according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that: The tunnel invert arch construction trolley includes a main body (100), on which an arc-shaped template (200), an end template (300), and an adjustment mechanism (400) for adjusting the curvature of the arc-shaped template (200) and the end template (300) are installed. The end template (300) is rotatably connected to both sides of the arc-shaped template (200); The adjustment mechanism (400) is disposed opposite to both ends of the main body (100). The adjustment mechanism (400) includes a first adjustment component (410) and a second adjustment component (420) for adjusting the height of the arc template (200). The first adjustment component (410) includes a first adjustment cylinder (411). The cylinder body of the first adjustment cylinder (411) is rotatably connected to one end of the main body (100), and the piston rod of the first adjustment cylinder (411) is rotatably connected to the end template (300). One end of the second adjustment component (420) is fixedly connected to the main body (100), and the other end of the second adjustment component (420) is fixedly connected to the arc template (200).

5. The method for constructing an inverted arch according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first adjustment assembly (410) further includes a second adjustment cylinder (412) and a third adjustment cylinder (413). The cylinder body of the second adjustment cylinder (412) is fixedly connected to the main body (100), and the piston rod of the second adjustment cylinder (412) is rotatably connected to the end of the end template (300) away from the arc template (200). The cylinder body of the third adjustment cylinder (413) is rotatably connected to the main body (100), and the piston rod of the third adjustment cylinder (413) is rotatably connected to the end of the end template (300) near the arc template (200).

6. The method for constructing an inverted arch according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second adjustment component (420) includes a fourth adjustment cylinder (421) and a transition plate (422). The transition plate (422) is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped template (200). The cylinder body of the fourth adjustment cylinder (421) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main body (100). The piston rod of the fourth adjustment cylinder (421) is fixedly connected to the transition plate (422).

7. The method for constructing an inverted arch according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main body (100) includes a main frame (110), an adjustment part (120), and a mounting part (130). The adjustment part (120) is slidably disposed at both ends of the main frame (110). The mounting part (130) is fixedly connected to the end of the adjustment part (120) away from the main frame (110). The cylinder body of the first adjustment cylinder (411) is rotatably connected to the mounting part (130). A drive motor (140) is fixedly installed at both ends of the main frame (110). A screw (150) is installed on the output shaft of the drive motor (140). The screw (150) is threadedly connected to one end of the adjustment part (120). The drive motor (140) drives the adjustment part (120) to move in an adjustable manner along both sides of the main frame (110).

8. The method for constructing an inverted arch according to claim 5, characterized in that: A support mechanism (500) is provided below the main body (100). The support mechanism (500) includes a track (510), a transmission belt (520), a transmission motor (530), and a support part (540). The track (510) is arranged along the axial direction of the tunnel. The support part (540) is fixedly installed at both ends of the track (510). The transmission belt (520) is rotatably installed on the track (510). A fixing part (550) for fixing the main body (100) is provided on the transmission belt (520). The transmission motor (530) is installed on the track (510) and drives the transmission belt (520) to rotate.

9. The method for constructing an inverted arch according to claim 6, characterized in that: Pressure sensors are provided on the first regulating cylinder (411), the second regulating cylinder (412), the third regulating cylinder (413), and the fourth regulating cylinder (421). Multiple distance sensors are provided on both ends of the end template (300) and the bottom end of the arc template (200). The distance sensors at both ends of the end template (300) along the moving direction of the main body (100) form a first sensor array, and the distance sensors at the bottom end of the arc template (200) along the moving direction of the main body (100) form a second sensor array. A control terminal is provided on the main body (100), and the control terminal is communicatively connected to the distance sensors and the pressure sensors.

10. The method for constructing an inverted arch according to claim 9, characterized in that: The control terminal also includes an adjustment system, which includes: Main control module The first detection module has its input end connected to the output end of the first sensor array and its output end connected to the input end of the main control module. It is used to detect the distance between the end template (300) and the edge of the base trench. The second detection module has its input end connected to the output end of the second sensor array and its output end connected to the input end of the main control module. It is used to detect the distance between the bottom end of the arc template (200) and the bottom end of the base trench. The third detection module has its input end connected to the output end of the pressure sensor and its output end connected to the input end of the main control module. It is used to detect the pressure on the end template (300) and the pressure on the arc template (200). The calibration module has its input end connected to the output end of the first detection module and the output end of the second detection module, and its output end connected to the input end of the main control module. It is used to calibrate the detection information of the first detection module and the second detection module. The main control module has its output end connected to the input end of the first regulating cylinder (411), the second regulating cylinder (412), the third regulating cylinder (413), the fourth regulating cylinder (421), and the drive motor (140), and is used to adjust the position of the arc template (200) and the end template (300).

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