Oxygen production device and method based on carbon dioxide capture by combustion of organic matter

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of oxygen production, in particular to an oxygen production device based on carbon dioxide capture through organic matter combustion, which comprises the following units: an organic matter oxygen-rich combustion unit, a flue gas waste heat recovery unit, a flue gas spraying unit and a carbon dioxide capture unit.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oxygen production technology, and in particular to an oxygen production device and method based on the capture of carbon dioxide from the combustion of organic matter. Background Technology

[0002] As global climate change becomes increasingly severe, traditional coal-fired, gas-fired, and solid waste incineration processes generate large amounts of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, exacerbating the greenhouse effect and polluting the atmosphere.

[0003] Existing carbon capture technologies mostly employ chemical absorption or membrane separation methods. These methods suffer from high energy consumption, low capture efficiency, complex equipment, and high operating costs, making industrial-scale application difficult. Furthermore, in industries such as thermal power, biomass utilization, and waste incineration, a large amount of calorific value-rich organic resources have not yet achieved efficient and clean synergistic utilization, resulting in both energy waste and emissions problems.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve efficient CO2 capture and oxygen recovery while improving energy conversion efficiency has become a technical bottleneck and research focus. Currently, there is an urgent need for an oxygen production device and method. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the problems in the above or existing technologies regarding how to achieve efficient CO2 capture and oxygen recovery while improving energy conversion efficiency, this invention is proposed.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] An oxygen production device based on carbon dioxide capture from organic matter combustion, comprising:

[0008] An organic matter oxygen-enriched combustion unit, including combustion equipment;

[0009] The flue gas waste heat recovery unit includes a waste heat boiler located downstream of the combustion equipment, an energy conversion device located downstream of the waste heat boiler, and a mixed gas preheater located downstream of the waste heat boiler.

[0010] The flue gas spray unit includes a spray tower located downstream of the mixed gas preheater, a steam-water separator located downstream of the spray tower, and a circulating water system located between the steam-water separator and the spray tower.

[0011] The carbon dioxide capture unit includes a carbon dioxide compressor located downstream of the steam-water separator, a carbon dioxide purification device located downstream of the carbon dioxide compressor, a low-temperature condensation and liquefaction device located downstream of the carbon dioxide purification device, and a carbon dioxide distillation column (404) located downstream of the low-temperature condensation and liquefaction device.

[0012] The oxygen generation unit includes an air compressor unit powered by an energy conversion device, an air precooling unit located downstream of the air compressor unit, an air purification unit located downstream of the air precooling unit, and a cryogenic separation system located downstream of the air purification unit.

[0013] The combustion device is located downstream of the mixed gas preheater, and the energy required by the carbon dioxide compressor comes from the energy conversion device, which is connected to the waste heat boiler.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the oxygen production device based on carbon dioxide capture from organic matter combustion according to the present invention, the flue gas waste heat recovery unit further includes a dust removal filter disposed between the combustion equipment and the waste heat boiler and a gas mixer disposed downstream of the cryogenic separation system. The gas mixer is interconnected with the mixed gas preheater, and a fan is disposed between the downstream pipeline of the mixed gas preheater and the gas mixer.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the oxygen production device based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture of the present invention, the cryogenic separation system includes a main heat exchanger located downstream of the air purification unit, an expander and a high-pressure purification tower located downstream of the main heat exchanger, a low-pressure purification tower located downstream of the expander, an auxiliary heat exchanger and an evaporator-condenser located between the main heat exchanger, the high-pressure purification tower and the low-pressure purification tower, the auxiliary heat exchanger being connected to the main heat exchanger, the high-pressure purification tower and the low-pressure purification tower respectively, the evaporator-condenser being connected to the high-pressure purification tower and the low-pressure purification tower respectively, and a first throttling valve and a second throttling valve being respectively provided between the auxiliary heat exchanger and the low-pressure purification tower.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the oxygen generation device based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture of the present invention, the dust removal filter includes a box cylinder, both ends of which are connected by connecting flanges. A support frame is provided on the inner wall of the box cylinder, and filter plates are installed on the support frame. A cleaning component and a vibration component for cleaning the filter plates are provided on the support frame. A dust discharge port is opened on the bottom surface of the box cylinder, and a plug is provided at the port of the dust discharge port.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the oxygen generation device based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture of the present invention, the cleaning assembly includes a ratchet ring rotatably disposed at the center of a support frame, a cleaning brush that contacts a filter plate is disposed on the outer wall of the inner end of the ratchet ring, a shaft is rotatably disposed on the outer wall of the center of the support frame, a rotating disk located at the outer end of the ratchet ring is disposed on the outer wall of the shaft, a pawl that meshes with the ratchet ring is disposed on the outer wall of the rotating disk, and a motor that is drivenly connected to the shaft is disposed on the support frame.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the oxygen generation device based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture of the present invention, the vibration assembly includes a vibration plate disposed on the outer wall of the end of the support frame, the other end of the vibration plate being located on the outer periphery of the rotating disk, a channel for the cleaning brush to pass through being formed between the vibration plate and the support frame, the pawl being rotatably disposed on the outer wall of the rotating disk by a torsion spring, and a striking block being detachably disposed at the tail end of the pawl, wherein the pawl disengages from the ratchet ring when the striking block contacts the vibration plate.

[0019] An oxygen production method based on carbon dioxide capture from organic matter combustion, comprising:

[0020] Step 1: The combustion equipment is introduced with a mixture of oxygen and circulating flue gas for oxygen-enriched and nitrogen-free combustion, generating flue gas with a CO2 volume concentration ≥80%.

[0021] Step 2: The dust removal filter is connected to the flue gas outlet of the combustion equipment to remove particulate matter from the flue gas. The waste heat boiler absorbs the waste heat of the flue gas and uses the water-based or organic working medium of the energy conversion device as the heat transfer medium to generate steam and deliver it to the energy conversion device for thermoelectric or thermo-power conversion.

[0022] Step 3: The gas preheater recovers the low-temperature waste heat from the remaining flue gas to heat the oxygen-enriched flue gas recirculation mixture that is about to enter the combustion equipment. The fan delivers part of the flue gas from the gas preheater to the gas mixer.

[0023] Step 4: The gas mixer uniformly mixes oxygen with circulating flue gas to form a combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched mixture with the required oxygen concentration, and controls the fan through feedback from the oxygen concentration sensor.

[0024] Step 5: The flue gas spraying unit uses solution spraying to cool the flue gas and remove acidic gases;

[0025] Step 6: The carbon dioxide capture unit purifies, liquefies, and refines the flue gas through a low-temperature condensation and liquefaction process, and stores it as high-purity liquid CO2.

[0026] Step 7: The oxygen generation unit separates oxygen for oxygen-enriched combustion.

[0027] As a preferred embodiment of the oxygen production method based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture of the present invention, the carbon dioxide compressor, carbon dioxide purification device, low-temperature condensation and liquefaction device and carbon dioxide distillation column operate sequentially to pressurize high-concentration CO2 and cool it down, so that the CO2 is liquefied, purified to obtain high-purity liquid CO2, and stored in a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank or transported out for further utilization.

[0028] As a preferred embodiment of the oxygen production method based on carbon dioxide capture by organic matter combustion of the present invention, the air compressor unit, air precooling unit, air purification unit and cryogenic separation system operate sequentially to separate oxygen by cryogenic distillation and deliver it to the gas mixer.

[0029] The beneficial effects of the oxygen production device and method based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture of the present invention are as follows: The present invention enables the complete combustion of organic matter through oxygen enrichment and nitrogen-free combustion, which not only improves combustion efficiency but also generates flue gas with a CO2 volume fraction of over 80%, facilitating subsequent efficient capture. Secondly, the flue gas waste heat recovery unit can convert waste heat into power or thermal energy for use in the oxygen production process or other industrial applications, significantly improving the comprehensive energy utilization rate. Thirdly, the use of a spray tower effectively removes acidic gases, protecting downstream equipment and improving the purity of carbon dioxide. Through condensation liquefaction and distillation technology, CO2 can be efficiently captured and purified, enabling liquid storage or external utilization. In addition, the oxygen production unit not only provides the oxygen required for oxygen-enriched combustion but also produces by-product nitrogen for system purging and replacement, purifier regeneration, and air precooling, achieving closed-loop circulation and multi-energy complementarity, adapting to the low-carbon transformation of various energy types such as coal, biomass, and solid waste. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the following description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an oxygen production device and method based on carbon dioxide capture from organic matter combustion.

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a cryogenic separation system for an oxygen production device and method based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dust removal filter structure of an oxygen production device and method based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture.

[0034] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cylinder structure of an oxygen production device and method based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture.

[0035] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the support frame structure for an oxygen production device and method based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture.

[0036] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the ratchet ring structure of an oxygen production device and method based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture.

[0037] 1. Organic matter oxygen-enriched combustion unit; 2. Flue gas waste heat recovery unit; 3. Flue gas spray unit; 4. Carbon dioxide capture unit; 5. Oxygen production unit; 101. Combustion equipment; 201. Dust filter; 202. Waste heat boiler; 203. Mixed gas preheater; 204. Fan; 205. Gas mixer; 206. Energy conversion device; 210. Box cylinder; 211. Connecting flange; 212. Filter plate; 213. Dust outlet; 214. Plug; 215. Support frame; 216. Shaft; 217. Motor; 218. Rotary disc; 219. Cleaning brush; 220. Vibrating plate; 221. Ratchet ring; 222. 1. Pawl; 223. Knocking block; 301. Spray tower; 302. Gas-water separator; 303. Circulating water system; 401. Carbon dioxide compressor; 402. Carbon dioxide purification unit; 403. Low-temperature condensation and liquefaction unit; 404. Carbon dioxide distillation tower; 501. Air compressor unit; 502. Air precooling unit; 503. Air purification unit; 504. Low-temperature cryogenic separation system; 510. Main heat exchanger; 511. Expander; 512. Auxiliary heat exchanger; 513. High-pressure purification tower; 514. Low-pressure purification tower; 515. Evaporator-condenser; 516. First throttle valve; 517. Second throttle valve. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0040] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] Reference Figures 1 to 2This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides an oxygen production device based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture. It includes an organic matter oxygen-enriched combustion unit 1, a flue gas waste heat recovery unit 2, a flue gas spraying unit 3, a carbon dioxide capture unit 4, and an oxygen production unit 5. The organic matter oxygen-enriched combustion unit 1 achieves oxygen-enriched combustion of organic matter by introducing oxygen-enriched, low-NOx combustion-supporting gas, generating high-concentration CO2 flue gas. The flue gas waste heat recovery unit 2 is used to recover waste heat for power generation or work and to heat the oxygen-enriched combustion mixture. The flue gas spraying unit 3 uses a solution spraying system to cool the flue gas and remove acidic gases. The carbon dioxide capture unit 4 purifies, liquefies, and refines the flue gas through a low-temperature condensation liquefaction process, storing it as high-purity liquid CO2. The oxygen production unit 5 separates oxygen for oxygen-enriched combustion, achieving the technical effects of improved organic matter combustion efficiency, high CO2 capture rate, and low NOx emissions, making it suitable for low-carbon transformation.

[0043] Specifically, the organic matter oxygen-enriched combustion unit 1 is connected upstream to the oxygen production unit 5 and downstream to the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 2. It includes a combustion device 101, which includes boilers, gas turbines, internal combustion engines, heating furnaces, and reactors that mainly use various fossil energy sources (liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, coal, etc.) and various types of fuels such as biomass, domestic solid waste, and combustible sludge. It introduces oxygen-enriched and low-nitrogen combustion-supporting gas to achieve oxygen-enriched combustion of organic matter and generate high-concentration CO2 flue gas.

[0044] The flue gas waste heat recovery unit 2 is connected upstream to the organic matter oxygen-enriched combustion unit 1 and downstream to the flue gas spraying unit 3. It includes a waste heat boiler 202 located downstream of the combustion equipment 101, an energy conversion device 206 located downstream of the waste heat boiler 202, and a mixed gas preheater 203 located downstream of the waste heat boiler 202. The waste heat boiler 202 is used to recover waste heat from the flue gas to produce steam, which enters the energy conversion device for thermoelectric or thermo-power conversion. The mixed gas preheater 203 is a tube-type, heat pipe-type, plate-fin type, or plate type structure. The mixed gas preheater 203 uses the remaining waste heat from the flue gas to heat the oxygen-enriched mixed gas that is about to enter the combustion equipment.

[0045] The flue gas scrubbing unit 3 is connected upstream to the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 2 and downstream to the carbon dioxide capture unit 4. It includes a scrubbing tower 301 located downstream of the mixed gas preheater 203, a steam-water separator 302 located downstream of the scrubbing tower 301, and a circulating water system 303 located between the steam-water separator 302 and the scrubbing tower 301. The scrubbing tower 301 is used to reduce the flue gas temperature to below 80°C and further remove SOx and NOx.

[0046] The carbon dioxide capture unit 4 is connected upstream to the flue gas spray unit 3 and includes a carbon dioxide compressor 401 located downstream of the gas-liquid separator 302. The compressor pressurizes and cools the high-concentration CO2 from the flue gas spray unit 3 to liquefy the CO2. After purification, high-purity liquid CO2 is obtained and stored in a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank or transported out for further use.

[0047] The oxygen generation unit 5, connected to the organic matter oxygen-enriched combustion unit 1, includes an air compressor unit 501 powered by an energy conversion device 206, an air precooling unit 502 located downstream of the air compressor unit 501, an air purification unit 503 located downstream of the air precooling unit 502, and a cryogenic separation system 504 located downstream of the air purification unit 503. Oxygen is separated by cryogenic distillation and transported to the gas mixer 205 of the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 2.

[0048] The combustion device 101 is located downstream of the mixed gas preheater 203. The energy required by the carbon dioxide compressor 401 comes from the energy conversion device 206, which is connected to the waste heat boiler 202.

[0049] Furthermore, the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 2 also includes a dust filter 201 installed between the combustion equipment 101 and the waste heat boiler 202, and a gas mixer 205 installed downstream of the cryogenic separation system 504. The gas mixer 205 is interconnected with the mixed gas preheater 203, and a fan 204 is installed between the mixed gas preheater 203 and the gas mixer 205. The dust filter 201 adopts one or a combination of cyclone separators, metal fiber sintered dust collectors, ceramic fiber cartridge dust collectors, and bag filters. If a combination is adopted, the bag filter is placed at the end of the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 2, and the other filters are connected to the flue gas outlet of the combustion equipment 101. The fan 204 pressurizes part of the flue gas from the flue gas outlet of the mixed gas preheater 203 and delivers it to the gas mixer 205. The gas mixer 205 mixes oxygen and circulating flue gas evenly to form a combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched mixture with the required oxygen concentration, and controls the speed of the fan 204 through feedback from the oxygen concentration sensor.

[0050] The carbon dioxide capture unit 4 also includes a carbon dioxide purification device 402 located downstream of the carbon dioxide compressor 401, a low-temperature condensation and liquefaction device 403 located downstream of the carbon dioxide purification device 402, and a carbon dioxide distillation column 404 located downstream of the low-temperature condensation and liquefaction device 403. The high-concentration CO2 from the pressurized flue gas spray unit 3 is cooled and liquefied. After purification, high-purity liquid CO2 is obtained and stored in a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank or transported out for further use.

[0051] The cryogenic separation system 504 includes a main heat exchanger 510 located downstream of the air purification unit 503, an expander 511 and a high-pressure purification tower 513 located downstream of the main heat exchanger 510, a low-pressure purification tower 514 located downstream of the expander 511, an auxiliary heat exchanger (512) and an evaporator-condenser 515 located between the main heat exchanger 510, the high-pressure purification tower 513 and the low-pressure purification tower 514. The auxiliary heat exchanger 512 is connected to the main heat exchanger 510, the high-pressure purification tower 513 and the low-pressure purification tower 514 respectively. The evaporator-condenser 515 is connected to the high-pressure purification tower 513 and the low-pressure purification tower 514 respectively. A first throttling valve 516 and a second throttling valve 517 are respectively installed between the auxiliary heat exchanger 512 and the low-pressure purification tower 514. Oxygen is separated by cryogenic distillation and delivered to the gas mixer 205.

[0052] Example 2

[0053] Reference Figures 3-6 This is the second embodiment of the present invention. Unlike the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides a dust filter 201 for an oxygen generation device based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture.

[0054] Specifically, the dust filter 201 includes a housing 210, with connecting flanges 211 connected to both ends of the housing 210. A support frame 215 is provided on the inner wall of the housing 210, and filter plates 212 are installed on the support frame 215. The support frame 215 is equipped with a cleaning component and a vibration component for cleaning the filter plates 212. A dust discharge port 213 is opened on the bottom surface of the housing 210, and a plug 214 is provided at the port of the dust discharge port 213. The housing 210 is installed on the pipeline between the combustion equipment 101 and the waste heat boiler 202 through the connecting flanges 211. The filter plates 212 remove particulate matter from the flue gas to ensure subsequent operation. Dust will fall into the bottom of the housing 210 and be discharged through the dust discharge port 213 after the plug 214 is opened.

[0055] Furthermore, the cleaning assembly includes a ratchet ring 221 rotatably disposed at the center of the support frame 215. A cleaning brush 219 is disposed on the outer wall of the inner end of the ratchet ring 221, which contacts the filter plate 212. A shaft 216 is rotatably disposed on the outer wall of the center of the support frame 215. A rotating disk 218 located at the outer end of the ratchet ring 221 is disposed on the outer wall of the shaft 216. A pawl 222 that meshes with the ratchet ring 221 is disposed on the outer wall of the rotating disk 218. A motor 217 is disposed on the support frame 215 and is connected to the shaft 216 for transmission. When the motor 217 is started, it drives the shaft 216 to drive the rotating disk 218 to rotate. The rotating disk 218 drives the ratchet ring 221 to rotate relative to the support frame 215 through the engagement of the pawl 222, thereby driving the cleaning brush 219 to rotate in a circular motion to clean the filter plate 212, preventing the filter plate 212 from clogging and facilitating long-term operation.

[0056] The vibration assembly includes a vibrating plate 220 disposed on the outer wall of the end of the support frame 215. The other end of the vibrating plate 220 is located on the outer periphery of the rotating disk 218. A channel for the cleaning brush 219 to pass through is formed between the vibrating plate 220 and the support frame 215. A pawl 222 is rotatably disposed on the outer wall of the rotating disk 218 by a torsion spring. A striking block 223 is detachably disposed at the tail end of the pawl 222. When the striking block 223 contacts the vibrating plate 220, the pawl 222 disengages from the ratchet ring 221. During the rotation of the rotating disk 218, the pawl 222... The striking block 223 at the tail end will collide with the vibrating plate 220. The vibrating plate 220 will vibrate when it is struck by the striking block 223. The vibration is first transmitted directly to the filter plate 212 through the vibrating plate 220 and the support frame 215, which can cause the filter plate 212 to vibrate with a small amplitude. This helps to peel off or loosen the solid residues attached to the surface of the filter plate 212, thereby improving the cleaning efficiency of the filter plate. Secondly, the vibration generates sound waves that are transmitted to the filter plate 212. The sound waves have a disturbing effect on the fine dust and particles on the surface of the filter plate 212, thereby improving the cleaning effect.

[0057] The rest of the structure is the same as in Example 1.

[0058] In use, the housing 210 is installed on the pipeline between the combustion equipment 101 and the waste heat boiler 202 via the connecting flange 211. The filter plates 212 remove particulate matter from the flue gas to ensure subsequent operation. The motor 217 starts, driving the shaft 216 to rotate the rotating disk 218. The rotating disk 218, through the engagement of the pawl 222, drives the ratchet ring 221 to rotate relative to the support frame 215, thereby causing the cleaning brush 219 to rotate circumferentially to clean the filter plates 212 and prevent clogging. For extended operation, as the pawl 222 rotates with the rotating disk 218, the striking block 223 at its tail end impacts the vibrating plate 220. The pawl 222 itself rotates relative to the rotating disk 218, causing the striking block 223 to pass through the vibrating plate 220. The vibrating plate 220 does not affect the rotation of the rotating disk 218. At this point, the pawl 222 disengages from the ratchet ring 221, and the ratchet ring 221 loses external driving force and stops rotating. After passing through the vibrating plate 220, the pawl 222... The torsion spring resets the ratchet, and the pawl 222 re-engages the ratchet ring 221 to drive its rotation, enabling the cleaning brush 219 to perform intermittent cleaning and reducing wear caused by prolonged operation. The vibrating plate 220 vibrates when struck by the striking block 223. The vibration is first transmitted directly to the filter plate 212 through the vibrating plate 220 and the support frame 215, causing the filter plate 212 to vibrate slightly. This helps to peel off or loosen solid residues adhering to the surface of the filter plate 212, improving the cleaning efficiency of the filter plate. Secondly, the vibration generates sound waves that are transmitted to the filter plate 212. The sound waves disturb the fine dust and particles on the surface of the filter plate 212, especially within the resonant frequency range, which can cause the particles to loosen and fall off with gravity, thus improving the cleaning effect. Combined with the cleaning brush 219, the cleaning of the filter plate 212 is more thorough. The alternation of vibration and cleaning significantly improves the thoroughness and efficiency of each cleaning cycle. The cleaned dust will fall into the bottom of the box 210 and be discharged through the dust outlet 213 by opening the plug 214.

[0059] In summary, through the coordinated operation of the cleaning and vibration components on the support frame 215, not only can the dust on the surface of the filter plate 212 be automatically removed, but the vibration generated by the tapping can also achieve deep peeling of the internal material or attachments of the filter plate 212, effectively preventing clogging problems and significantly improving dust removal efficiency and service life. The alternation of cleaning and vibration actions, through the intermittent meshing design of the pawl 222 and ratchet ring 221, effectively reduces the risk of mechanical wear and extends the service life of the cleaning brush 219. The mechanical waves and sound waves generated by the vibration component act together on the filter plate 212, which can improve the micro-cleaning effect of the filter plate 212. It is particularly suitable for the filtration needs of fine dust and high-temperature flue gas environments. The dust discharge port 213 ensures timely dust discharge.

[0060] Example 3

[0061] Reference Figures 1-2This is the third embodiment of the present invention. Unlike the previous embodiment, this embodiment provides an oxygen production method based on carbon dioxide capture from organic matter combustion, which includes:

[0062] Step 1: The combustion equipment 101 is introduced with a mixture of oxygen and circulating flue gas for oxygen-enriched and nitrogen-free combustion to generate flue gas with a CO2 volume concentration ≥80%.

[0063] Step 2: The dust filter 201 is connected to the flue gas outlet of the combustion equipment 101 to remove particulate matter from the flue gas. The waste heat boiler 202 absorbs the waste heat of the flue gas and uses the water-based or organic working medium of the energy conversion device 206 as the heat transfer medium to generate steam and deliver it to the energy conversion device 206 for thermoelectric or thermo-power conversion.

[0064] Energy conversion device 206 includes any one or a combination of the following:

[0065] Firstly, steam turbine generator sets:

[0066] It receives high-pressure steam generated by waste heat boiler 202 and drives generator to output electrical energy;

[0067] Secondly, steam turbine-driven power generation units:

[0068] It receives medium and low-pressure steam to drive air compressor unit 501 or carbon dioxide compressor 401;

[0069] Step 3: The mixed gas preheater 203 recovers the low-temperature waste heat of the remaining flue gas to heat the oxygen-enriched combustion mixture that is about to enter the combustion equipment 101. The fan 204 delivers part of the flue gas from the mixed gas preheater 203 to the gas mixer 205.

[0070] Step 4: The gas mixer 205 mixes oxygen and circulating flue gas evenly to form a combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched mixture with the required oxygen concentration, and controls the fan 204 through feedback from the oxygen concentration sensor.

[0071] Step 5: Flue gas spray unit 3 uses solution spraying to cool the flue gas and remove acidic gases;

[0072] Step 6: The carbon dioxide capture unit 4 purifies, liquefies, and refines the flue gas through a low-temperature condensation and liquefaction process, and stores it as high-purity liquid CO2.

[0073] The carbon dioxide compressor 401, carbon dioxide purification device 402, low-temperature condensation and liquefaction device 403 and carbon dioxide distillation column 404 work in sequence to pressurize high-concentration CO2 and cool it down, so that the CO2 is liquefied, purified to obtain high-purity liquid CO2, and stored in a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank or transported out for further use.

[0074] Step 7: Oxygen generation unit 5 separates oxygen for oxygen-enriched combustion;

[0075] Air compressor unit 501, air precooling unit 502, air purification unit 503 and cryogenic separation system 504 work in sequence to separate oxygen by cryogenic distillation and deliver it to gas mixer 205;

[0076] Air compressor unit 501 includes:

[0077] Self-cleaning air filter;

[0078] Centrifugal compressor: outlet pressure 0.45~0.6 MPa.A, equipped with interstage water cooler or air cooler to control exhaust temperature ≤45℃;

[0079] Aftercooler: A water cooler or air cooler is used to cool the compressed air to 35±5℃;

[0080] Air precooling unit 502 is any of the following:

[0081] Low-temperature water indirect cooling precooling system: The air is cooled by using low-temperature circulating cooling water produced by absorption chiller, compressed steam chiller or surplus cooling capacity of the system through a heat exchanger.

[0082] Pre-cooling system with direct heat exchange between air and refrigeration unit: adopts a compressed steam refrigeration unit to directly cool air through the evaporator;

[0083] Air-cooled dual-tower cooling system: includes an air cooling tower and a circulating water cooling tower, utilizing the excess cooling capacity of nitrogen generated by oxygen production unit 5;

[0084] Air purification unit 503 includes:

[0085] Double-layer adsorption tower: the upper layer is filled with activated alumina, and the lower layer is filled with 13X molecular sieve;

[0086] Regeneration pipeline: The adsorbent is regenerated after the nitrogen gas exiting the main heat exchanger 510 is heated;

[0087] The cryogenic separation system 504 is arranged inside the cold box and includes:

[0088] Plate-fin or coiled tube main heat exchanger 510: heat exchange between air and refluxing low-temperature oxygen and nitrogen;

[0089] Plate-fin or coiled tube auxiliary heat exchanger 512: for heat exchange between materials entering and exiting the low-pressure purification tower 514 and the high-pressure purification tower 513, and to recover cold energy;

[0090] Expander 511 is of any of the following types:

[0091] The booster turbine expander: ≤20% of the purified air is diverted into the booster end for pressurization. The pressurized air is pre-cooled in the main heat exchanger 510 and then sent to the expansion end for expansion and work, providing a low-temperature cold source for the purification tower. The mechanical work generated during the expansion process is fed back to the booster end through a coaxial transmission device, realizing efficient cold supply and energy recycling. The expanded low-temperature air is sent to the low-pressure purification tower 514 for distillation.

[0092] Blower expander: It diverts ≤20% of the purified air into the expansion end to do work, providing a low-temperature cold source for the purification tower. The mechanical work generated during the expansion process drives the blower to compress the air and consume energy through a coaxial transmission device. The expanded low-temperature air is sent into the low-pressure purification tower 514 for distillation.

[0093] Two-stage distillation column:

[0094] The high-pressure purification tower 513 operates at a pressure of 0.5~0.55 MPa.A.

[0095] The low-pressure purification tower 514 operates at a pressure of 0.12~0.15 MPa.A.

[0096] The product oxygen purity of low-pressure purification tower 514 is ≥95.0%, and the pressure is 0.12~0.15MPa.A.

[0097] The nitrogen purity of the high-pressure purification tower 513 is ≥99.9%, and the pressure is 0.45~0.50 MPa.A.

[0098] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An oxygen production device based on carbon dioxide capture from organic matter combustion, characterized in that, include: An organic matter oxygen-enriched combustion unit (1) includes a combustion device (101). The flue gas waste heat recovery unit (2) includes a waste heat boiler (202) located downstream of the combustion equipment (101), an energy conversion device (206) located downstream of the waste heat boiler (202), and a mixed gas preheater (203) located downstream of the waste heat boiler (202). The flue gas spray unit (3) includes a spray tower (301) located downstream of the mixed gas preheater (203), a steam-water separator (302) located downstream of the spray tower (301), and a circulating water system (303) located between the steam-water separator (302) and the spray tower (301). The carbon dioxide capture unit (4) includes a carbon dioxide compressor (401) located downstream of the steam-water separator (302), a carbon dioxide purification device (402) located downstream of the carbon dioxide compressor (401), a low-temperature condensation and liquefaction device (403) located downstream of the carbon dioxide purification device (402), and a carbon dioxide distillation column (404) located downstream of the low-temperature condensation and liquefaction device (403). The oxygen generation unit (5) includes an air compressor unit (501) powered by an energy conversion device (206), an air precooling unit (502) located downstream of the air compressor unit (501), an air purification unit (503) located downstream of the air precooling unit (502), and a cryogenic separation system (504) located downstream of the air purification unit (503). The cryogenic separation system (504) includes a main heat exchanger (510) located downstream of the air purification unit (503), an expander (511) and a high-pressure purification tower (513) located downstream of the main heat exchanger (510), a low-pressure purification tower (514) located downstream of the expander (511), and an auxiliary heat exchanger (512) located between the main heat exchanger (510), the high-pressure purification tower (513), and the low-pressure purification tower (514). The auxiliary heat exchanger (512) is connected to the main heat exchanger (510), the high-pressure purification tower (513) and the low-pressure purification tower (514) respectively. The evaporator (515) is connected to the high-pressure purification tower (513) and the low-pressure purification tower (514) respectively. A first throttling valve (516) and a second throttling valve (517) are respectively provided between the auxiliary heat exchanger (512) and the low-pressure purification tower (514). The combustion device (101) is located downstream of the mixed gas preheater (203), and the energy required by the carbon dioxide compressor (401) comes from the energy conversion device (206). The energy conversion device (206) is interconnected with the waste heat boiler (202).

2. The oxygen production device based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas waste heat recovery unit (2) also includes a dust removal filter (201) installed between the combustion equipment (101) and the waste heat boiler (202) and a gas mixer (205) installed downstream of the low temperature cryogenic separation system (504). The gas mixer (205) is connected to the mixed gas preheater (203), and a fan (204) is installed between the downstream pipe of the mixed gas preheater (203) and the gas mixer (205).

3. The oxygen production device based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The dust filter (201) includes a housing (210), both ends of which are connected by connecting flanges (211). A support frame (215) is provided on the inner wall of the housing (210). A filter plate (212) is installed on the support frame (215). A cleaning component and a vibration component for cleaning the filter plate (212) are provided on the support frame (215). A dust discharge port (213) is opened on the bottom surface of the housing (210), and a plug (214) is provided at the port of the dust discharge port (213).

4. The oxygen production device based on organic matter combustion and carbon dioxide capture as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The cleaning assembly includes a ratchet ring (221) rotatably disposed at the center of a support frame (215). The inner end of the ratchet ring (221) is provided with a cleaning brush (219) that contacts the filter plate (212). The center outer wall of the support frame (215) is rotatably disposed with a shaft (216). The outer wall of the shaft (216) is provided with a rotating disk (218) located at the outer end of the ratchet ring (221). The outer wall of the rotating disk (218) is provided with a pawl (222) that meshes with the ratchet ring (221). The support frame (215) is provided with a motor (217) that is drivenly connected to the shaft (216).

5. The oxygen production device based on carbon dioxide capture from organic matter combustion as described in claim 4, characterized in that: The vibration assembly includes a vibration plate (220) disposed on the outer wall of the end of the support frame (215). The other end of the vibration plate (220) is located on the outer periphery of the rotating disk (218). A channel for the cleaning brush (219) to pass through is formed between the vibration plate (220) and the support frame (215). The pawl (222) is rotatably disposed on the outer wall of the rotating disk (218) by a torsion spring. A striking block (223) is detachably disposed at the tail end of the pawl (222). When the striking block (223) contacts the vibration plate (220), the pawl (222) disengages from the ratchet ring (221).

6. A method for oxygen production based on carbon dioxide capture during organic matter combustion, comprising the oxygen production apparatus based on carbon dioxide capture during organic matter combustion as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, include: S1. The combustion device (101) introduces a mixture of oxygen and circulating flue gas for oxygen-enriched and nitrogen-free combustion to generate flue gas with a CO2 volume concentration ≥80%. S2. The dust filter (201) is connected to the flue gas outlet of the combustion device (101) and is used to remove particulate matter in the flue gas. The waste heat boiler (202) absorbs the waste heat of the flue gas and uses the water-based or organic working medium of the energy conversion device (206) as the heat transfer medium to generate steam and deliver it to the energy conversion device (206) for thermoelectric or heat-power conversion. S3. The gas preheater (203) recovers the residual heat of the flue gas from the remaining flue gas and uses it to heat the oxygen-enriched flue gas recirculation mixture that is about to enter the combustion equipment (101). The fan (204) delivers part of the flue gas from the gas preheater (203) to the gas mixer (205). S4. The gas mixer (205) mixes oxygen and circulating flue gas evenly to form a combustion-supporting oxygen-enriched mixture with the required oxygen concentration, and controls the fan (204) through feedback from the oxygen concentration sensor. S5. The flue gas spraying unit (3) uses solution spraying to cool the flue gas and remove acidic gases; S6. The carbon dioxide capture unit (4) purifies, liquefies and refines the flue gas through a low-temperature condensation and liquefaction process, and stores it as high-purity liquid CO2. S7. The oxygen generating unit (5) separates oxygen for oxygen-enriched combustion.

7. The oxygen production method based on carbon dioxide capture from organic matter combustion as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The carbon dioxide compressor (401), carbon dioxide purification device (402), low-temperature condensation and liquefaction device (403), and carbon dioxide distillation column (404) operate in sequence to pressurize high-concentration CO2 and cool it down, so that the CO2 is liquefied, purified to obtain high-purity liquid CO2, and stored in a liquid carbon dioxide storage tank or transported out for further use.

8. The oxygen production method based on carbon dioxide capture from organic matter combustion as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The air compressor unit (501), air precooling unit (502), air purification unit (503) and cryogenic separation system (504) operate in sequence to separate oxygen by cryogenic distillation and deliver it to the gas mixer (205).

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