Components protected by discrete reactive deposit arrays for regenerating surface treatments
By forming an array of environmentally reactive deposits on the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate, a self-regenerating protective layer is generated, which solves the pitting corrosion problem of aluminum alloy components in corrosive environments and improves their corrosion resistance and lifespan.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202480027895.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2023-03-22
- Filing Date
- 2024-03-21
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-25
AI Technical Summary
Aluminum alloy components are prone to pitting corrosion in environments containing active substances, and existing anti-corrosion coatings are insufficient to provide effective protection, especially in corrosive environments such as seawater.
An array of environmentally reactive deposits is formed on the surface of an aluminum alloy substrate. A protective layer is generated through a chemical reaction. This protective layer regenerates itself when damaged, reducing corrosion and enhancing the protection of the substrate.
It effectively reduces corrosion of aluminum alloy components in harsh environments, improves their corrosion fatigue life, prevents pitting corrosion and shields the electrochemical corrosion of the deposit-alloy interface, and provides a thin protective layer that is resistant to fatigue cracking.
Smart Images
Figure CN121013918A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Priority information
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 63 / 453,903, filed March 22, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Technical Field
[0002] This disclosure generally relates to recycled surface-treated materials for substrates formed on aluminum alloys. Background Technology
[0003] The working environment of aluminum alloys often contains reactive substances that interact with the exposed aluminum on the surface of components made of aluminum alloys. For example, immersion in water, especially seawater or other saline liquids, can lead to pitting corrosion on the surface of aluminum-based components because it can disrupt the naturally occurring protective barrier (as a passivation layer) formed on the aluminum alloy. Therefore, improved anti-corrosion coatings are favored in the art, especially for aluminum-based components. Attached Figure Description
[0004] The specification describes the complete and implementable disclosure of this disclosure to those skilled in the art, including its preferred embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
[0005] Figure 1A This is a perspective view of a portion of a protected component according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, the component having a regenerated surface treatment comprising an array of environmentally reactive deposits dispersed on a substrate surface;
[0006] Figure 1B For embodiments according to this disclosure Figure 1A The protected component shown is a perspective view after it has been exposed to a corrosive substance and a protective layer has formed on the surface of the substrate.
[0007] Figure 2A For embodiments according to this disclosure Figure 1B A perspective view of the protected component after cracks or other defects have formed in a recycled surface treatment on the substrate surface; and
[0008] Figure 2B For embodiments according to this disclosure Figure 2A The perspective view shown is of the protected component after it has been exposed to corrosive substances and a protective layer has formed to cover cracks or other defects on the surface of the substrate.
[0009] Figure 3 yes Figure 1BThe close-up perspective view of the protected component shows that a chemical reaction typically occurs between at least one reactive element of the recycled surface treatment and a corrosive substance in the environment, forming reaction products that form a protective layer; and
[0010] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the protected component, which has a regenerated surface treatment as a relatively thin doped layer.
[0011] In this specification and the accompanying drawings, repeated reference numerals are intended to indicate the same or similar features or elements in this disclosure. definition
[0012] The term "exemplary" as used herein means "as an example, instance, or illustration." Any implementation described herein as "exemplary" should not necessarily be construed as superior or more advantageous than other implementations. Furthermore, unless explicitly stated otherwise, all implementations described herein should be considered exemplary.
[0013] Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “a,” and “the” include plural references.
[0014] As used herein, the term “substantially free” should be understood as completely free of the said ingredient, or containing trace amounts of the said ingredient. “Trace” refers to quantitative levels of chemical components that are virtually undetectable and do not contribute to the functional or aesthetic properties of the subject composition. As used herein, the term “chromate” refers to chromate ions, dichromate ions, and any other form of hexavalent chromium.
[0015] In this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly stated, when a layer is described as being “on” or “above” another layer or substrate, it should be understood that the layers may be in direct contact with each other or may have another layer or feature between them. Therefore, these terms only describe the relative position of the layers to each other and do not necessarily mean “on top of”, as the relative position of above or below depends on the orientation of the device relative to the observer.
[0016] This disclosure uses common chemical abbreviations for chemical elements to discuss chemical elements, such as those commonly found in the periodic table. For example, hydrogen is represented by its common chemical abbreviation H, helium by its common chemical abbreviation He, and so on.
[0017] As used herein, “Ln” refers to rare earth elements or mixtures of rare earth elements. More specifically, “Ln” refers to the rare earth elements scandium (Sc), yttrium (Y), lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), or mixtures thereof.
[0018] As used in this article, "aluminum oxide" refers to aluminum oxides, such as aluminum oxides in the form of Al2O3, which can also be represented as AlO. 1.5 Or aluminum oxide hydroxide, different crystal forms of aluminum oxide hydroxide are represented as AlO(OH) or AlHO2. Detailed Implementation
[0019] Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of this disclosure, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each example is provided only for the purpose of interpreting this disclosure and not for limiting it. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. For example, a feature shown or described as part of one embodiment may be used with another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Therefore, this disclosure is intended to cover such modifications and variations within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
[0020] This disclosure generally relates to a protected component having a regenerated surface treatment formed on a substrate surface, particularly in the form of an array of environmentally reactive deposits on the substrate surface. This disclosure also generally provides a method for forming an array of environmentally reactive deposits on a substrate surface. Typically, the array of environmentally reactive deposits on the surface can chemically interact with corrosive substances encountered in the operating environment of the protected component. It has been found that an effective protective treatment does not necessarily require complete surface coverage.
[0021] Regenerated surface treatments, through their array of environmentally reactive deposits, can mitigate pitting corrosion in harsh operating environments, such as immersion in water (especially seawater), salt spray, aerosol environments generated near water bodies, and corrosive atmospheric aerosols. Due to the discontinuous nature of the array of environmentally reactive deposits, this disclosure is particularly applicable to substrates with complex geometries that are difficult to protect with conventional barrier coatings. Furthermore, the partial coverage of the surface by discrete deposits helps mitigate the initiation of fatigue cracks that can occur in continuous coatings.
[0022] See Figure 1AThe image generally shows a protected component 10, which includes a substrate 12 defining a surface 13 having a recycled surface treatment 15. In some embodiments, the substrate 12 comprises an aluminum-based alloy. As used herein, the aluminum-based alloy contains at least 50% by weight of aluminum in its alloy composition. Such an aluminum-based alloy substrate 12 is particularly susceptible to corrosion, thus requiring a protective layer 32 thereon. The surface 13 of the substrate 12 typically includes a naturally occurring passivation layer 14 comprising aluminum oxide. This passivation layer 14 forms on the surface 13 of the substrate 12 when the aluminum-based alloy is exposed to oxygen (e.g., during manufacturing).
[0023] exist Figure 1A In one embodiment, the regenerated surface treatment 15 comprises an array 16 of environmentally reactive deposits 18 dispersed on the surface 13 of a substrate 16. Each environmentally reactive deposit 18 in the array 16 defines an independent region 20 on the surface 13 of the substrate 12. Although Figure 1A The environmentally reactive deposit 18 shown is dome-shaped, but it can have any suitable size or shape as needed. For example, the environmentally reactive deposit 18 can be in the form of powder, granules, or flakes. The deposit can be attached using a permeable or porous adhesive that provides a slow-release effect for the encapsulated reactive element.
[0024] Typically, the recycled surface treatment 15 contains at least one reactive element that can chemically react with corrosive substances in its working environment 24 to generate reaction product 33. Figure 3 The reaction product forms a protective layer 32 on the exposed area 22 of surface 13, such as... Figure 1B As shown. The environmentally reactive deposits 18 can be deposited in an ordered or random pattern, providing protection to adjacent exposed areas 22 of surface 13 by growing a protective layer 32 on the exposed areas 22 of surface 13 using the environmentally reactive deposits 18. Therefore, the array 16 of environmentally reactive deposits 18 forms a discontinuous network of chemically active solid deposits, tailored to interact with corrosive substances 28 in the working environment 24 of the protected component 10. Figure 3 )interaction.
[0025] In other words, Figure 1B This shows that after the protected component 10 is exposed to its environment by the regenerated surface treatment 15, the array 16 of environmentally reactive deposits 18 reacts with corrosive substances 28. Figure 3 The reaction forms a protective layer 32. Typically, the protective layer 32 may contain environmentally reactive deposits 18 and corrosive substances 28. Figure 3The reaction products of the reactive elements combine with and are dispersed in the aluminum oxide of the passivation layer 14. Therefore, the reactive elements work together with the passivation layer 14 to enhance the protection of the underlying substrate 12. The array 16 of environmental reactive deposits 18 is continuously exposed to the environment 24 ( Figure 3 Corrosive substances 28 present in ) Figure 3 The protective layer 32 formed undergoes self-regeneration. In one embodiment, the protective layer 32 is an anodic layer on the surface 13 of the substrate 12. Therefore, the array 16 of environmentally reactive deposits 18 can mitigate corrosion of the substrate 12 and improve the corrosion fatigue life of the substrate 12.
[0026] Therefore, the regenerated surface treatment 15 allows the environmentally reactive deposits 18 to undergo preferential and controlled corrosion upon exposure to their working environment, producing reaction products that bind to the exposed area 22 of surface 13 and form a protective layer 32. The environmentally reactive deposits 18 can remain active sites throughout the lifespan of the protected component 10, thus allowing the protective layer 32 to regenerate upon damage or wear. Therefore, the regenerative properties of the environmentally reactive deposits 18 and the protective layer 32 prevent any further corrosion of the aluminum-based alloy of the substrate 12. The protective layer 32 also shields any deposits in the aluminum-based alloy, preventing electrochemical corrosion at the deposit-alloy interface, thereby preventing pitting corrosion. Typically, the protective layer 32 can be relatively thin on the surface 13 of the substrate 12, for example, less than 10 µm, or even less than 1 µm, to help achieve resistance to fatigue cracking.
[0027] In one embodiment, the recycled surface treatment 15 may contain at least one reactive element, including Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof. In a particular embodiment, the recycled surface treatment 15 may contain more than one reactive element, such that the recycled surface treatment 15 may contain at least two reactive elements, including Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof. In a particular embodiment, the recycled surface treatment 15 may contain more than two reactive elements, such that the recycled surface treatment 15 may contain at least three reactive elements, including Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
[0028] In an embodiment, the recycled surface treatment 15 may contain reactive elements in the form of a high-entropy alloy. As used herein, the term "high-entropy alloy" ("HEA") refers to an alloy formed by mixing five or more reactive elements, particularly those with similar atomic weights. In other words, the recycled surface treatment 15 may contain at least five reactive elements, namely Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, or W, wherein the atomic weights of each reactive element present in the HEA are substantially equal to those of each other.
[0029] In an embodiment, at least one reactive element in the recycled surface treatment 15 may include a rare earth element, including V, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, combinations thereof, or alloys thereof. Additionally or alternatively, at least one reactive element in the recycled surface treatment 15 may include Al, Zn, Ce, La, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
[0030] In one particular embodiment, the array 16 of environmentally reactive deposits 18 can be used as an alternative to a coating containing hexavalent chromium. Therefore, the array 16 of environmentally reactive deposits 18 can be substantially free of hexavalent chromium, and in some embodiments, it can be substantially free of chromium.
[0031] In an embodiment, the environmentally reactive deposit 18 may further comprise an adhesive containing at least one reactive element. In other words, the environmentally reactive deposit 18 can be formed by applying an adhesive containing at least one reactive element to the surface 13 of the substrate 12. For example, the adhesive may be a water-insoluble, porous, or permeable ceramic adhesive.
[0032] In an embodiment, the environmentally reactive deposit 18 can be formed from an aluminum alloy containing at least one reactive element as an alloying element therein. For example, the environmentally reactive deposit 18 may contain at least one reactive element at a total concentration of 0.5% to 50% by weight, with the balance being aluminum or an aluminum alloy. The aluminum alloy containing at least one reactive element can be prepared from powder of at least one reactive element by conventional methods, such as melting and atomization processes, melting and solidification by rapid cooling processes (ribbon casting, rotary casting, etc.), or mechanical alloying.
[0033] The environmentally reactive deposit 18 can be formed by any suitable method, such as by physical deposition. For example, the environmentally reactive deposit 18 can be formed from a mixture of alloy powder or individual metal element powder added to a binder (as described above). The environmentally reactive deposit 18 can be formed by additive manufacturing or printing (e.g., by inkjet application), as a mixture of alloy powder or individual metal element powder thermally sprayed onto surface 13 or cold-sprayed onto surface 13. The environmentally reactive deposit 18 can be formed from wires of metal or alloy, which are welded, diffusion bonded, or brazed onto surface 13. The environmentally reactive deposit 18 can be formed by electron beam (EB) spot welding onto surface 13. In some embodiments, the environmentally reactive deposit 18 can be embedded in surface 13, for example, by spraying into gaps or areas of surface 13. In some embodiments, the environmentally reactive deposit 18 can be formed by including reactive elements in a carrier phase (e.g., a carrier liquid), which can be applied to the surface such that the environmentally reactive deposit 18 is deposited on the surface. Therefore, environmentally reactive deposits 18 can form in areas that cannot be reached by conventional application methods (spraying, brushing, etc.).
[0034] refer to Figure 2A The array 16 of environmentally reactive deposits 18 can be designed such that when individual environmentally reactive deposits 18 and / or protective layer 32 are damaged at any given location (displayed as crack 34), the environmentally reactive deposits 18 adjacent to crack 34 can function after exposure to corrosive substance 28 to regenerate protective layer 32 within crack 34, such as... Figure 2B As shown.
[0035] Figure 3 This is a close-up view of an exemplary recycled surface treatment 15, wherein an array 16 of environmentally reactive deposits 18 (e.g., as shown in the image) is present on the surface 13 of a substrate 12. Figure 1A , 1B (As shown in 2A and 2B), and an exemplary chemical reaction occurring upon exposure to environment 24 is illustrated. Reactive elements 26, 26', and 26" are released from the reactive environmental deposit 18 and react chemically with corrosive substances 28, 28', and 28" to form reaction products 30, 30', and 30" respectively in the protective layer 34. Figure 3In this context, reactive elements 26, 26', and 26" are shown as elements A, B, and C, each representing one of the aforementioned reactive elements (i.e., Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, or W). Similarly, corrosive substances 28, 28', and 28" represent any corrosive element or compound that can react with the reactive elements to form the corresponding reaction products 30, 30', and 30"
[0036] Figure 4 An alternative embodiment of the protected component 10 is shown, wherein the protected component 10 has a regenerated surface treatment 15 in the form of a continuous layer 40 on the surface 13 of the substrate 12. In this embodiment, the continuous layer 40 is relatively thin, for example, its thickness is less than 25 µm, for example, 1 µm to 20 µm. Due to its relatively thin characteristic, the continuous layer 40 is less likely to experience fatigue cracking on the surface 15. Typically, the continuous layer 40 may contain at least one of the aforementioned reactive elements. Thus, at least one reactive element from the continuous layer 40 can be dispersed in the naturally present alumina passivation layer 14 on the surface 13, effectively forming a combined continuous layer 40 containing alumina and at least one reactive element. Therefore, the reactive element works together with the passivation layer 14 to enhance the protection of the underlying substrate 12.
[0037] Other aspects of this disclosure are provided by the subject matter of the following provisions:
[0038] A protected component comprising:
[0039] A substrate defining a surface, the substrate comprising an aluminum-based alloy; and
[0040] A regenerated surface treatment on a substrate surface, the regenerated surface treatment comprising an array of environmentally reactive deposits dispersed on the substrate surface, each environmentally reactive deposit defining an independent region on the surface, the array of environmentally reactive deposits containing at least one reactive element, the reactive element including Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
[0041] The protected component according to any of the foregoing clauses, wherein each independent region on the surface is separated from adjacent independent regions by a protective layer formed on the surface by a reaction between a corrosive substance and at least one reactive element.
[0042] The protected component according to any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the recycled surface treatment contains at least two reactive elements, including Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
[0043] The protected component according to any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the recycled surface treatment contains at least three reactive elements, including Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
[0044] The protected component according to any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the at least one reactive element includes V, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
[0045] The protected component according to any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the at least one reactive element includes Al, Zn, Ce, La, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
[0046] The protected component according to any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the array of environmentally reactive deposits comprises an aluminum-based alloy having at least one reactive element alloyed therein.
[0047] The protected component according to any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the array of environmentally reactive deposits further comprises an adhesive having at least one reactive element alloyed therein.
[0048] The protected component according to any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the adhesive is a non-water-soluble adhesive.
[0049] The protected component according to any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the array of environmentally reactive deposits is embedded in the substrate surface.
[0050] The protected component according to any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the array of environmentally reactive deposits is exposed on the substrate surface, thereby coming into contact with the environment of the protected component.
[0051] The protected component according to any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the at least one reactive element comprises a high-entropy alloy.
[0052] The protected component according to any of the foregoing clauses, wherein, prior to exposure to corrosive substances, each individual region on the surface is separated from adjacent individual regions by the exposed region of the surface.
[0053] The protected component according to any of the foregoing clauses, wherein the recycled surface treatment is substantially free of chromium.
[0054] A protected component comprising:
[0055] A substrate defining a surface, the substrate comprising an aluminum-based alloy; and
[0056] A recycled surface treatment on a substrate surface, the recycled surface treatment comprising a continuous layer on the substrate surface, the continuous layer containing at least one reactive element, the reactive element including Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
[0057] A method of using a protected component as described in any of the foregoing clauses, the method comprising: exposing a substrate surface and a recycled surface treatment to an environment containing at least one corrosive substance.
[0058] According to the method described in any of the foregoing clauses, the at least one corrosive substance reacts with at least one reactive element in the regenerated surface treatment material to form a reaction product.
[0059] According to the method described in any of the foregoing clauses, the reaction products form a protective layer on the substrate surface between independent regions, the independent regions being defined by an array of environmentally reactive deposits.
[0060] A method for forming the protected component described in any of the foregoing clauses.
[0061] A method for forming a protected component, the method comprising: depositing an array of environmentally reactive deposits on a substrate surface to form the protected component, wherein the substrate comprises an aluminum-based alloy, and the array of environmentally reactive deposits comprises at least one reactive element, the reactive element comprising Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
[0062] The method according to any of the foregoing clauses further includes: forming an environmentally reactive composition comprising at least one reactive element prior to depositing an array of environmentally reactive deposits on a substrate surface.
[0063] The method according to any of the foregoing clauses further includes: formulating the environmentally reactive composition based on the expected environmental contaminants of the protected component before forming the environmentally reactive composition.
[0064] This specification uses exemplary embodiments to disclose certain implementations (including best modes) and to enable those skilled in the art to practice, including making and using, any apparatus or system and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of this disclosure is defined by the claims and may include other embodiments that would occur to those skilled in the art. Such other embodiments are intended to fall within the scope of the claims if they include structural elements that are not different from the literal language of the claims, or include equivalent structural elements that are not substantially different from the literal language of the claims.
Claims
1. A protected component comprising: A substrate defining a surface, the substrate comprising an aluminum-based alloy; as well as A regenerated surface treatment on a substrate surface, the regenerated surface treatment comprising an array of environmentally reactive deposits dispersed on the substrate surface, each environmentally reactive deposit defining an independent region on the surface, the array of environmentally reactive deposits containing at least one reactive element, the reactive element including Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
2. The protected component according to claim 1, wherein, Each independent region on the surface is separated from adjacent independent regions by a protective layer formed on the surface by a reaction between a corrosive substance and at least one reactive element.
3. The protected component according to claim 1, wherein, The recycled surface treatment material contains at least two reactive elements, including Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
4. The protected component according to claim 1, wherein, The recycled surface treatment material contains at least three reactive elements, including Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
5. The protected component according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one reactive element includes V, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
6. The protected component according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one reactive element includes Al, Zn, Ce, La, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
7. The protected component according to claim 1, wherein, The array of environmentally reactive deposits comprises an aluminum-based alloy having at least one reactive element alloyed therein.
8. The protected component according to claim 1, wherein, The array of environmentally reactive deposits also includes a binder having at least one reactive element alloyed therein.
9. The protected component according to claim 8, wherein, The adhesive is a non-water-soluble adhesive.
10. The protected component according to claim 1, wherein, The array of environmentally reactive deposits is embedded in the substrate surface.
11. The protected component according to claim 1, wherein, The array of environmentally reactive deposits is exposed on the substrate surface, thereby coming into contact with the environment of the protected component.
12. The protected component according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one reactive element includes high-entropy alloys.
13. The protected component according to claim 1, wherein, Before being exposed to corrosive substances, each individual area on the surface is separated from adjacent individual areas by the exposed area of the surface.
14. The protected component according to claim 1, wherein, The recycled surface treatment material is essentially chromium-free.
15. A method of using the protected component of claim 1, the method comprising: Exposing the substrate surface and the recycled surface treatment to an environment containing at least one corrosive substance.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The at least one corrosive substance reacts with at least one reactive element in the regenerated surface treatment material to form a reaction product.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein, The reaction products form a protective layer on the substrate surface between independent regions defined by an array of environmentally reactive deposits.
18. A method for forming a protected component, the method comprising: An array of environmentally reactive deposits is deposited on a substrate surface to form a protected component, wherein the substrate comprises an aluminum-based alloy, and the array of environmentally reactive deposits comprises at least one reactive element, including Al, Zn, V, Ce, Dy, Er, Eu, Gd, Ho, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sc, Sm, Tb, Tm, Y, Yb, Mo, Si, Ca, W, mixtures thereof, or alloys thereof.
19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising: An environmentally reactive composition comprising at least one reactive element is formed prior to depositing an array of environmentally reactive deposits on the surface of the substrate.
20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising: Before forming an environmentally reactive composition, the environmentally reactive composition is formulated based on the expected environmental contaminants of the protected component.