Modularized elastic shed tunnel supporting system and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a modularized elastic shed tunnel supporting system and a construction method thereof. The shed tunnel supporting system comprises a side slope retaining wall structure close to one side of a mountain side slope, an outer supporting structure located on the edge of a road and a shed frame structure located on the top of the side slope retaining wall structure and the top of the outer supporting structure. The side slope retaining wall structure comprises a side slope retaining side wall, a horizontal retaining wall and a retaining wall base, a first magnetic expanded-end anchor rod is arranged from the side slope retaining side wall to the interior of a mountain side slope in a driving mode, and a second magnetic expanded-end anchor rod is arranged from the retaining wall base to a surrounding mountain body in a driving mode. The outer supporting structure comprises a roadbed retaining wall and a plurality of supporting columns. The shed frame structure comprises a plurality of main beams arranged in parallel and modular supporting plates installed between the adjacent main beams. The method is convenient to construct, greatly improves the stability of a mountain body, is high in bearing capacity, can be quickly maintained and replaced when being damaged, and can be suitable for shed tunnel road sections of road sections with steep hillsides in plateau mountain areas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of slope treatment, and relates to a modular elastic shed tunnel supporting system and a construction method thereof, the shed tunnel structure is used for steep slope sections in plateau mountainous areas, and can quickly construct and repair damaged shed tunnel sections. BACKGROUND

[0002] The mountain slope in plateau mountainous areas is steep, and natural disasters such as rainstorms, floods, landslides and earthquakes are common in plateau mountainous areas. In addition, the stability of the mountain slope is poorer due to the complex geological structure, and disasters such as collapse and landslide are prone to occur. In winter, snow disasters and avalanches are also prone to occur, which brings great challenges to road operation and construction. Most of the existing shed tunnel structures need to be cast on site, although they can effectively resist disasters, but the transportation cost of construction materials is high, the work efficiency is low, the disaster prevention ability is relatively insufficient, and there is a risk of being damaged. Once damaged, it cannot be repaired in time, and the repair cycle and construction process are more difficult, the construction progress is slow, the construction period is prolonged, and the construction cost is indirectly increased. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a shed tunnel structure with strong protection ability, which can be quickly constructed and has a short repair cycle. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a modular elastic shed tunnel structure and a construction method thereof suitable for steep slope sections in plateau mountainous areas, which sets the shed tunnel structure into a modular form to facilitate quick construction on the construction site, and also facilitates quick maintenance and replacement after the shed tunnel is damaged. The entire road system can improve the stability of the mountain and the stability of the slope, and has the ability to relieve the impact force of the falling rocks above.

[0004] In order to achieve the above technical purpose, the present application provides a modular elastic shed tunnel supporting system, which comprises a slope retaining wall structure adjacent to one side of the mountain slope, an outer support structure located at the edge of the road, and a shed frame structure located at the top of the slope retaining wall structure and the outer support structure.

[0005] The slope retaining wall structure comprises a slope retaining side wall, a horizontal retaining wall located at the bottom of the slope retaining side wall, and a retaining wall base. The retaining wall base is a trapezoidal retaining structure formed by excavating from the slope bottom of the mountain slope and pouring concrete. The horizontal retaining wall is a horizontal retaining structure poured on the top of the retaining wall base. The first magnetic expanded head anchor rod is arranged from the slope retaining side wall towards the inside of the mountain slope, and the second magnetic expanded head anchor rod is arranged from the retaining wall base towards the surrounding mountain.

[0006] The outer support structure comprises a roadbed retaining wall and a plurality of support columns, the roadbed retaining wall is a retaining structure composed of a plurality of bearing piles driven into the bearing stratum of the foundation from the ground, the top of the plurality of bearing piles is connected into one body through a bearing pile platform, the plurality of support columns are arranged in a straight line on the bearing pile platform and are connected into one body through a connecting beam at the top; a third magnetic expanded-head anchor rod is driven from the bearing pile platform towards the underground bearing stratum;

[0007] The shed frame structure comprises a plurality of parallelly arranged main beams, a modular support plate installed between adjacent main beams and a reinforced cage filled with ceramsite located above the main beams and the modular support plate; one end of each main beam is connected with the connecting beam of the outer support structure through a spring damping support, and the other end is connected with the top of the side slope retaining wall through a rotary support seat.

[0008] The further technical scheme of the present application is that the first, second and third magnetic expanded-head anchor rods have the same structure and each comprises a main steel anchor rod, a pull steel anchor rod, an expanded anchor rod, a first support steel disc and a magnetic anchor rod expanded head; the first support steel disc is welded to one end of the main steel anchor rod close to the anchor head, the pull rod anchor rod is connected with the magnetic anchor rod expanded head through the main steel anchor rod, the magnetic anchor rod expanded head comprises a second support steel disc fixed to the end of the pull steel anchor rod and a magnet block welded to the side of the second support steel disc away from the pull steel anchor rod, the diameter of the second support steel disc is larger than that of the first support steel disc, a plurality of strip-shaped holes are distributed on the disc surface of the second support steel disc in the radial direction, and the plurality of strip-shaped holes are distributed in a ring shape with the connecting point of the pull steel anchor rod and the second support steel disc as the center; a connecting spring is arranged between the first support steel disc and the second support steel disc, the connecting spring is sleeved outside the main steel anchor rod and the pull steel anchor rod, one end of the connecting spring is connected to the first support steel disc, and the other end of the connecting spring is connected to the second support steel disc; the expanded anchor rod is provided with a plurality of expanded anchor rods distributed around the pull steel anchor rod with the pull steel anchor rod as the center, one end of each expanded anchor rod is movably connected with the first support steel disc, the other end of each expanded anchor rod passes through the corresponding strip-shaped hole of the second support steel disc and extends to the outside of the magnet block.

[0009] The preferred technical scheme of the present application is as follows: two beam haunches are arranged on the width direction of each main beam, two end faces in the length direction are respectively provided with beam side pads, the top of the length direction of each main beam is provided with a cable fixed support, a plurality of beam bottom pads are arranged on the bottom of each main beam, the plurality of beam bottom pads are parallel to each other, the length of each beam bottom pad is equal to the width of the main beam, a plurality of cables are arranged in parallel on the bottom of the beam bottom pad, a rope hole is arranged corresponding to the spring damping support, the rotary support and the cable fixed support, each cable is arranged along the length direction of the main beam, the two ends of the cable pass through the corresponding rope holes of the spring damping support and the rotary support respectively, and then extend upward along the two beam side pads to the top of the main beam, and then pass through the telescopic holes of the corresponding side cable fixed support respectively and are anchored and locked; the front and rear sides of the modular support plate are arranged on the beam haunches on the adjacent sides of the adjacent two main beams, the thickness of the main beam is greater than the thickness of the modular support plate, a plurality of support springs are arranged between the modular support plate, the side of the main beam and the beam haunch, spring grooves are arranged at the corresponding positions of the modular support plate, the main beam and the beam haunch, and the two ends of each support spring are fixed in the corresponding spring groove; the steel reinforcement cage is also provided with a mounting groove corresponding to the position of the main beam, and the part of the main beam that is higher than the modular support plate is embedded into the mounting groove of the steel reinforcement cage.

[0010] The preferred technical scheme of the present application is as follows: the spring damping support includes a convex support arranged on the bottom of the main beam and a spring damping device mounted on the top of the connecting beam, the spring damping device includes a frame structure and damping springs, the frame structure includes an outer frame and an inner bearing platform frame, the outer frame is a concave frame with an open bottom surface, the concave area of the outer frame is matched with the convex support, the inner bearing platform frame is a square frame with an open top surface, the inner bearing platform frame is fixed on the top surface of the connecting beam, a plurality of vertical damping springs are arranged in the inner bearing platform frame, the outer frame is sleeved on the open surface of the inner bearing platform frame, the top of the plurality of damping springs is connected with the outer frame, a lateral buffer spring is arranged between the side plate of the inner bearing platform frame and the side plate of the lower concave area of the outer frame, and the side plate of the inner bearing platform frame is connected with the side plate of the outer frame through a buckle assembly; the buckle assembly includes an upper buckle piece welded on the inner bearing platform frame, a lower buckle piece welded on the outer frame and a bolt piece connecting the two buckle pieces, the upper buckle piece is equidistantly provided with a plurality of bolt holes, the lower buckle piece is provided with a vertical adjusting hole, the bolt piece is fixed in the corresponding bolt hole, and the other end of the bolt piece extends into the vertical adjusting hole, and under the action of the damping spring, when the outer frame moves up and down, the bolt piece moves up and down along the vertical adjusting hole.

[0011] The third magnetic expansion head anchor rod is inclined to be punched into the bearing layer at an angle of 30-60 degrees, and the outer end of the third magnetic expansion head anchor rod is connected to the bearing pile platform; the steel mesh is hung on the slope surface of the side of the bearing pile platform in the air, and the foam fiber concrete is sprayed; the rotating support seat is an arc-shaped support seat fixed at the bottom of the main beam, and the rotating support seat is correspondingly arranged on the top surface of the slope retaining wall, an arc-shaped groove is arranged in the rotating support seat, and an arc-shaped

[0012] inner recessed steel plate matched with the rotating support seat is arranged in the groove.

[0013] The preferred technical scheme of the present application is as follows: the expansion anchor rod is provided with 3-5 anchor rods, an anchor rod hole is arranged at the center position of the first support steel disc, a plurality of pull holes are arranged in the annular surface of the first support steel disc with the anchor rod hole as the center, the pull steel rod passes through the anchor rod hole, and the other end is fixedly welded or inserted into the center hole of the second support steel disc; the number of the pull holes and the strip-shaped holes is the same as that of the expansion anchor rods, one end of each expansion anchor rod is provided with a connecting ring, and the connecting ring is sleeved on the pull hole; the magnet block is in the shape of a circular truncated cone or an I-shaped section, and the diameter of the magnet block near one end of the second support steel disc is smaller than that of the magnet block away from the other end of the second support steel disc; during the process of placing the magnetic expansion head anchor rod into the hole, the connecting spring is in an extended state, and the elastic force provided by the connecting spring keeps the expansion anchor rod in an unopened state, at this time, the end of the expansion anchor rod away from the first support steel disc is located outside the large-diameter end of the magnet block and is in contact with the outer edge of the large-diameter end of the magnet block.

[0014] The preferred technical scheme of the present application is as follows: the modular support plate is a rectangular reinforced concrete structure plate, a ribbed beam is arranged on the modular support plate, and reinforcing steel bars and reinforcing stirrups are arranged inside; the positions corresponding to the beam haunches on the left and right sides of the modular support plate are respectively provided with side beams, and the support springs arranged on the modular support plate are respectively arranged at the bottom and the side surface of the side beams, the front and rear sides of each modular support plate are respectively provided with mutually matched splicing notches, and the protruding parts of the outer side stop edges of the splicing notches are arranged in an arc shape.

[0015] The further technical scheme of the present application is that the side slope retaining wall is made of prefabricated reinforced concrete retaining wall plates, each of which is provided with a matching joint on both sides, and two adjacent prefabricated retaining wall plates are fixed together through the joint; a rotating support is arranged on the top of the prefabricated retaining wall plate, a lower protrusion is arranged at the bottom, and a magnet is embedded at the bottom of the lower protrusion; a mounting groove matching the lower protrusion is arranged on the horizontal retaining wall, and a plurality of retaining wall bases are arranged on the horizontal retaining wall and made of magnetic concrete, and the mounting groove on the horizontal retaining wall leads to the corresponding retaining wall base, and a plurality of second magnetic expanded head anchor rods are arranged around each retaining wall base; the first, second and third magnetic expanded head anchor rods are filled and poured with magnetic concrete.

[0016] The magnetic concrete is composed of the following substances in mass percentage: iron ore crushed stone with a particle size of 5-10 mm 25-35%, iron powder 15-25%, cement 20-30%, SBS modifier 2-4%, glass fiber 6-8% with a length of 15-20 mm, and water 12-17%.

[0017] The construction method specifically comprises the following steps: S1. preparing prefabricated main beams, modular support plates and retaining wall prefabricated plates;

[0018] S2. constructing the side slope retaining wall structure according to the design drawing; first, a retaining wall base pouring hole with a trapezoidal cross section is dug at the designed position, a plurality of second magnetic expanded head anchor rods are installed by drilling holes from the retaining wall base pouring hole, after the installation of the plurality of second magnetic expanded head anchor rods is completed, magnetic concrete is poured in the retaining wall base pouring hole, and the retaining wall base is formed after the concrete is solidified; then, a horizontal retaining wall is poured on the upper part of the retaining wall base and connected with the retaining wall base, when the horizontal retaining wall is poured, the mounting groove of the side slope retaining wall is reserved, the position, shape and size of the mounting groove are matched with the lower protrusion of the retaining wall prefabricated plate, the retaining wall prefabricated plates are assembled and installed, the lower protrusion at the bottom of each retaining wall prefabricated plate is inserted into the mounting groove, and the recess gap of the horizontal retaining wall is poured with magnetic concrete; finally, a plurality of first magnetic expanded head anchor rods are installed by drilling holes through the anchor rod installation hole reserved on the retaining wall prefabricated plate, and a rotating support matching the rotating support is arranged on the top of the side slope retaining wall.

[0019] S3. Constructing the outer support structure outside the road according to the design drawings; first, drilling a plurality of bearing piles from the ground, each bearing pile is driven into the bearing layer of the foundation, and the top of the bearing pile is connected to each other by a bearing pile platform; then, a plurality of third magnetic expanded head anchor rods are constructed, the third magnetic expanded head anchor rod is inclined to drill into the bearing layer at an angle of 30-60 degrees from the bearing pile platform, and the outer end of the third magnetic expanded head anchor rod is anchored in the bearing pile platform; then, a steel mesh is hung on the slope surface outside the road, and foam fiber concrete protection is sprayed; finally, the support column and the connecting beam are vertically installed on the bearing pile platform;

[0020] S4. Installing the main beam and the modular support plate, one end of each main beam is rotatably connected to the rotating support of the top of the slope retaining wall through a rotating support seat, and the other end is connected to the connecting beam of the outer support structure through a spring damping support seat, after the main beam is installed, the modular support plate is assembled between the adjacent two main beams, and the steel reinforcement cage is placed on the installed main beam and the modular support plate, and the ceramsite is filled;

[0021] S5. When a vehicle needs to pass through the shed tunnel and the height inside the shed tunnel is limited, the steel reinforcement cage filled with ceramsite, the modular support plate and the main beam are lifted and placed aside, and after the vehicle passes, the step S4 is repeated to install them.

[0022] Further technical solutions of the application: the first magnetic expanded head anchor rod, the second magnetic expanded head anchor rod and the third magnetic expanded head anchor rod used in the construction method have the same structure, all including a main steel anchor rod, a steel pulling anchor rod, an expansion anchor rod, a first support steel disc and a magnetic anchor rod expansion head, the magnetic anchor rod expansion head includes a second support steel disc fixed at the end of the steel pulling anchor rod and a magnet block welded on the side of the second support steel disc away from the steel pulling anchor rod, and a connecting spring is arranged between the first support steel disc and the second support steel disc;

[0023] The installation process of each second magnetic expanded head anchor rod is: drilling at the anchor rod position designed in the retaining wall base pouring hole, and continuing to drill at the deepest part of the anchor rod hole using an expansion drill bit, placing the second magnetic expanded head anchor rod into the anchor rod hole, pulling the steel pulling anchor rod to drive the magnetic anchor rod expansion head to stretch, making the magnetic anchor rod expansion head support the expansion anchor rod to expand around, the connecting spring is compressed, the expansion anchor rod will expand to the maximum diameter of the anchor rod hole, the position of the steel pulling anchor rod is fixed, then magnetic concrete is injected into the anchor rod hole, the magnet block attracts the magnetic concrete to fill the hole gap, and the installation of the second magnetic expanded head anchor rod is completed after the magnetic concrete is solidified;

[0024] The installation process of each first magnetic expanded head anchor rod is: drilling through the anchor rod installation hole reserved on the retaining wall prefabricated slab, and continuing to drill at the deepest part of the anchor rod hole using an expansion drill bit, placing the first magnetic expanded head anchor rod into the anchor rod hole, and the rest of the process is the same as the installation process of the second magnetic expanded head anchor rod;

[0025] The installation process of each third magnetic expanding head anchor rod is: the anchor rod hole is drilled from the outside of the pile platform towards the foundation, and the hole is drilled further using an expanding drill bit at the deepest part of the anchor rod hole, the third magnetic expanding head anchor rod is placed into the anchor rod hole, and the remaining process is the same as the installation process of the second magnetic expanding head anchor rod.

[0026] The retaining wall base in the slope retaining wall structure of the application is poured with magnetic concrete, and the connection part of the slope retaining side wall and the horizontal retaining wall is also poured with magnetic concrete, which is beneficial to rapid assembly and installation and pouring, and is beneficial to saving on-site construction procedures and improving speed. The retaining wall base is designed as a tapered retaining wall with a trapezoidal cross section, which is beneficial to improving the carrying capacity of the retaining wall base. Magnetic expanding head anchor rods are driven into the surrounding mountain body, and the whole is formed by pouring with magnetic concrete. The upper part is poured together with the horizontal retaining wall, which is beneficial to improving the carrying capacity of the mountain body and increasing the anchoring capacity of the mountain body, and improving the carrying capacity provided to other structures; the horizontal retaining wall is beneficial to forming a rapid maintenance foundation for the slope retaining side wall and providing a beneficially carrying capacity installation base, and the carrying capacity of the retaining wall base is transmitted to the slope retaining side wall.

[0027] In the application, a first supporting steel disc is welded in the middle of the magnetic expanding head anchor rod, and a connecting ring of the expanding anchor rod is sleeved in the hole of the first supporting steel disc, which is to provide a reinforcing steel of the expanding head for the front end device of the main steel anchor rod; a magnet is welded at the front end of the expanding head of the magnetic expanding head anchor rod, which is to facilitate the attraction of the expanding anchor rod on the magnet, and facilitate the device to extend into the hole of the magnetic expanding head anchor rod, and wait for the bottom to open the expanding head of the magnetic expanding head anchor rod by tensioning, and the front end magnet is also beneficial to attracting magnetic concrete to gather; the magnetic concrete in the application is beneficial to making the magnetic concrete more dense by using the mutual attraction between magnetic forces to expel air.

[0028] The side retaining wall in the application is designed as a prefabricated part with a lower convex reinforced concrete structure at the lower end, and a magnet is embedded at the bottom of the lower convex part, which is beneficial to attracting magnetic concrete materials during rapid installation at the construction site, and is also beneficial to facilitating rapid maintenance and replacement in the later period; the magnetic expanding head anchor rod passes through the reserved hole in the wall body and is connected with the tapered retaining wall by pouring with magnetic concrete, which is beneficial to improving the lateral support of the side retaining wall; a supporting rotary support is arranged at the top of the side retaining wall, which is beneficial to the combination with the rotary support of the main beam; the prefabrication and installation are beneficial to rapid maintenance in the later period.

[0029] The precast holding pile in the outer support structure of the application is driven into the foundation bearing layer, and the top is connected with the holding pile platform subgrade, which is beneficial to better uniformly transmit the vertical load to the foundation bearing layer; the magnetic expanded head anchor rod is obliquely driven into the foundation bearing layer at an angle of 30-60 degrees, and the other end of the magnetic expanded head anchor rod is connected with the holding pile platform subgrade, which is beneficial to improve the lateral bearing capacity of the holding pile platform subgrade. The steel reinforcement grid is hung on the side of the holding pile platform subgrade, and the foam fiber concrete is sprayed for protection, which is beneficial to protect the slope from rainwater erosion, provide certain lateral bearing capacity for the slope, and the foam fiber concrete is prepared by mixing foaming agent, water, ordinary Portland cement, fine sand and steel fiber.

[0030] The buckle assembly of the spring damping device of the application can be divided into upper and lower parts, which is beneficial to provide displacement distance in the up-down direction; the lower end of the pressure-bearing spring is placed on the spring support of the outer frame, and the upper end is buckled on the spring support of the inner bearing platform frame, which is beneficial to the up-down movement of the spring when the whole device is subjected to vertical load; the side buffer spring is placed in the side position, which is beneficial to the lateral movement of the device. The lower part of one end of the main beam is a rotating support, and the upper part is a cable fixed support, which is beneficial to provide certain rotational displacement when the main beam is displaced; the lower part of the other end is a spring support, and the upper part is a cable fixed support, which is beneficial to provide certain vertical buffer displacement when the main beam is subjected to vertical load, so as to reduce the impact force on the structure; the steel reinforcement framework of the module upturned beam is beneficial to reduce the influence on the shed hole clearance, the beam bottom cushion layer and the cable are installed at the bottom of the beam, which is beneficial to improve the bending resistance of the main beam, the cable is passed through the reserved hole of the beam bottom cushion layer, then passed through the beam side cushion layer and wound to the cable fixed support on the beam end, and the cable is anchored and fixed by the clamping piece, which is beneficial to improve the bearing capacity of the main beam.

[0031] The beneficial effects of the application are as follows:

[0032] (1) The application adopts modular design, which is convenient for rapid construction on the construction site, rapid repair and replacement after the shed hole is damaged, and rapid replacement and repair by using the prepared spare parts when the shed hole is damaged; and can be applied to the shed hole section area of the steep slope section of the plateau mountain area.

[0033] (2) The application innovatively proposes the slope retaining wall structure, greatly improves the stability of the mountain, and the designed main beam structure has great bearing capacity and can relieve the impact force of the falling rocks above; the application innovatively designs the spring damping device to provide energy reduction and buffering capacity for the shed hole, and is convenient for rapid repair and replacement after the shed hole is damaged; and the modular shed hole structure can be removed from the top when needed, which is not limited in height and allows the road to pass.

[0034] (3) the application innovatively proposes that the roadbed retaining wall and the magnetic expansion magnetic expanded-head anchor rod structure are used in combination, so that the stability of the road slope is greatly improved, and the road anti-landslide settlement capacity is improved.

[0035] (4) the application innovatively designs the magnetic expansion magnetic expanded-head anchor rod, a magnet is welded at the front end of the expansion head of the magnetic expanded-head anchor rod, which is conducive to attracting the expansion anchor rod on the magnet, facilitating the device to extend into the magnetic expanded-head anchor rod hole, and waiting for the bottom to open the magnetic expanded-head anchor rod expansion head by tensioning, and the front-end magnet is also conducive to attracting the magnetic concrete to gather more densely and expel excess air.

[0036] (5) the magnetic concrete ratio, the modifier and the glass fiber of the application are added, which is conducive to using the mutual attraction between the magnets to make the concrete more dense and expel air.

[0037] (6) the slope protection formed by the steel mesh grid and the foam fiber concrete innovatively designed by the application helps to reduce the concrete slope pressure, improve the strength of the foam concrete, protect the slope, prevent the slope from being impacted by rainwater to cause soil erosion, and greatly improve the slope stability.

[0038] The application has simple overall structure, low cost and simple operation, and can conveniently realize the repair of damaged spring shed holes and the design and construction of special road sections. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall longitudinal section of the application;

[0040] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the side surface of the main beam in the application;

[0041] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the bottom of the main beam in the application;

[0042] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the installation plane of the main beam and the modular support plate in the application;

[0043] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the installation section of the main beam and the modular support plate in the application;

[0044] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the section of the modular support plate in the application;

[0045] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the modular support plate in the application;

[0046] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the non-expanded state of the magnetic expanded-head anchor rod in the application;

[0047] Figure 9is the expansion state schematic diagram of the magnetic expansion anchor rod in the application;

[0048] Figure 10 is the plane schematic diagram of the first support steel disc in the application;

[0049] Figure 11 is the plane schematic diagram of the second support steel disc in the application;

[0050] Figure 12 is the connection part structure schematic diagram of the main beam and the spring damping support in the application;

[0051] Figure 13 is the connection part structure schematic diagram of the main beam and the rotating support seat in the application;

[0052] Figure 14 is the structure schematic diagram of the spring damping support in the application;

[0053] Figure 15 is the structure schematic diagram of the upper buckle piece in the buckle assembly in the application;

[0054] Figure 16 is the structure schematic diagram of the lower buckle piece in the buckle assembly in the application;

[0055] Figure 17 is the structure schematic diagram of the retaining wall prefabricated slab in the application;

[0056] Figure 18 is the sectional schematic diagram of the retaining wall prefabricated slab in the application;

[0057] Figure 19 is the structure schematic diagram of the horizontal retaining wall in the application;

[0058] Figure 20 is the sectional schematic diagram of the horizontal retaining wall and the retaining wall base connection in the application;

[0059] Figure 21 is the connection schematic diagram of the horizontal retaining wall and the retaining wall prefabricated slab in the application.

[0060] In the figure: 1, slope retaining side wall, 100, rotating support, 101, groove, 102, concave steel plate, 103, retaining wall prefabricated plate, 104, splicing interface, 105, lower convex part, 106, magnet piece, 107, anchor rod mounting hole, 2, horizontal retaining wall, 200, mounting groove, 3, retaining wall base, 4, mountain slope, 5, first magnetic expanded head anchor rod, 500, main steel anchor rod, 501, tension steel anchor rod, 502, expanded anchor rod, 503, first support steel disc, 504, second support steel disc, 505, magnet block, 506, connecting spring, 507, tension hole, 508, strip-shaped hole, 509, connecting ring, 6, spring shock absorbing support, 600, convex support, 601, frame structure, 602, shock absorbing spring, 6021, outer frame, 6022, inner bearing platform frame, 603, lateral buffer spring, 604, buckle assembly, 6041, upper buckle piece, 6042, lower buckle piece, 6043, bolt hole, 6044, vertical adjustment hole, 7, roadbed retaining wall, 8, rotating support seat, 9, main beam, 900, beam armpit, 901, beam side cushion layer, 902, beam bottom cushion layer, 903, cable, 904, cable fixing support, 905, rope hole, 10, third magnetic expanded head anchor rod, 11, modular support plate, 1100, edge beam, 1101, splicing notch, 1102, outer side retaining edge, 12, second magnetic expanded head anchor rod, 13, bearing pile platform, 14, support column, 15, connecting beam, 16, third magnetic expanded head anchor rod, 17, support spring, 18, spring groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0061] The application will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and examples. The drawings are schematic drawings of the examples and are used only for the purpose of clearly and concisely illustrating the examples of the application. The technical solutions shown in the drawings are specific solutions of the examples of the application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application. Based on the examples in the application, all other examples obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of the application. Figures 1 to 21 DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0062] In the description of the application, it should be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "left", "right", etc. indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly used when the product is used, or the orientation or positional relationship commonly understood by those skilled in the art, and are only used for the purpose of facilitating the description of the application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for differentiation and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0063] A modular elastic tunnel support system is provided in the embodiments, such as Figures 1 to 21 As shown, the shed support system includes a slope retaining wall structure adjacent to the mountain slope 4, an external support structure located at the road edge, and a shed structure located on top of the slope retaining wall structure and the external support structure; the slope retaining wall structure includes a slope retaining side wall 1, a horizontal retaining wall 2 located at the bottom of the slope retaining side wall 1, and a retaining wall base 3. The retaining wall base 3 is a trapezoidal retaining structure formed by excavating and pouring concrete from the bottom of the mountain slope 4. The horizontal retaining wall 2 is a horizontal retaining structure poured on top of the retaining wall base 3; a first magnetic expanded head anchor 5 is installed from the slope retaining side wall 1 toward the mountain slope 4, and a second magnetic expanded head anchor 12 is installed from the retaining wall base 3 toward the surrounding mountain.

[0064] The external support structure includes a roadbed retaining wall 7 and multiple support columns 14. The roadbed retaining wall 7 is a retaining structure composed of multiple bearing piles driven into the bearing layer from the ground. The tops of the multiple bearing piles are connected as one unit through a bearing pile platform 13. The multiple support columns 14 are arranged in a straight line on the bearing pile platform 13, and their tops are connected as one unit through a connecting beam 15. A third magnetic expanded head anchor rod 10 is driven from the bearing pile platform 13 toward the underground bearing layer. The third magnetic expanded head anchor rod 16 is driven into the bearing layer at an angle of 30 to 60 degrees, and the outer end of the third magnetic expanded head anchor rod 16 is connected to the bearing pile platform 13. A steel mesh 16 is suspended on the slope of the suspended side of the bearing pile platform 13, and foam fiber concrete is sprayed for protection. The purpose is to protect the slope from rainwater erosion and provide a certain lateral bearing capacity to the slope. The foam fiber concrete is made of foaming agent, water, ordinary silicate cement, fine sand and steel fiber in a certain proportion.

[0065] The scaffolding structure includes multiple parallel main beams 9, modular support plates 11 installed between adjacent main beams 9, and a steel cage 12 filled with expanded clay aggregate located above the main beams 9 and the modular support plates 11. One end of each main beam 10 is connected to the connecting beam 15 of the external support structure via a spring damping support 6, and the other end is connected to the top of the slope retaining wall 1 via a rotating support 8. The modular support plate 11 is a rectangular reinforced concrete structural slab, with ribbed beams arranged on the modular support plate 11, and reinforcing steel bars and stirrups arranged inside; for example... Figures 4 to 7As shown, the modular support plate 11 is provided with an edge beam 1100 on both sides corresponding to the beam armpit 900, and each modular support plate 11 is provided with a matching splicing notch 1101 on both sides, and the protruding part of the splicing notch 1101 is provided with a circular arc, and the circular arc is processed to facilitate the displacement of the main beam 9. The front and rear sides of the modular support plate 11 are respectively arranged on the beam armpit 900 of the adjacent two main beams 9, the thickness of the main beam 9 is greater than the thickness of the modular support plate 11, and a plurality of supporting springs 17 are respectively arranged between the modular support plate 11 and the side of the main beam 9 and the beam armpit 900. Spring grooves 18 are provided at corresponding positions of the modular support plate 11, the main beam 9 and the beam armpit 900, and the two ends of each supporting spring 17 are respectively fixed in the corresponding spring groove 18; the supporting spring 17 arranged on the modular support plate 11 is respectively arranged at the bottom and side of the edge beam 1100; the spring groove 18 and the supporting spring 17 are arranged to facilitate the elastic displacement of the plate when the main beam 9 is displaced under load, avoid damage to the plate, and facilitate replacement when damaged. The steel reinforcement cage 12 is also provided with a mounting groove corresponding to the position of the main beam 9, and the part of the main beam 9 protruding from the modular support plate 11 is embedded in the mounting groove of the steel reinforcement cage 12.

[0066] As shown in Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 , each main beam 9 in the embodiment is provided with a beam armpit 900 on both sides in the width direction, and a beam side cushion layer 901 on both ends in the length direction, and each main beam 9 is provided with a cable fixed support 904 on the top of both ends in the length direction, and a plurality of beam bottom cushion layers 902 are dispersedly arranged on the bottom of each main beam 9, the plurality of beam bottom cushion layers 902 are parallel to each other, and the length of each beam bottom cushion layer 902 is equal to the width of the main beam 9, a plurality of cables 903 are arranged in parallel on the bottom of the beam bottom cushion layer 902, a rope hole 905 is provided corresponding to the spring damping support 6, the rotating support 8 and the cable fixed support 904, each cable 903 is arranged along the length direction of the main beam 9, and the two ends of each cable 903 are respectively arranged through the corresponding rope hole of the spring damping support 6 and the rotating support 8, and then extend upward along the two beam side cushion layers 901 to the top of the main beam 9, and then pass through the telescopic hole of the corresponding side of the cable fixed support 904 and are anchored and locked. Figure 13 As shown in Figure 13 , the rotating support 8 is an arc-shaped support, which is fixed on the bottom of the main beam 9, and a rotating support 100 is provided on the top surface of the slope retaining wall 1 corresponding to the rotating support 8, an arc-shaped groove 101 is provided in the rotating support 100, and an arc-shaped concave steel plate 102 matched with the rotating support 8 is installed in the groove 101, and the rotating support 8 is embedded in the corresponding groove 101 and can rotate in the groove 101.

[0067] In the embodiment,Figures 8 to 11 As shown, the first magnetic expanded-head anchor 5, the second magnetic expanded-head anchor 12 and the third magnetic expanded-head anchor 10 have the same structure, each comprising a main steel anchor 500, a tension steel anchor 501, four expanded anchors 502, a first support steel disc 503 and a magnetic anchor expanded head; the magnetic anchor expanded head comprises a second support steel disc 504 fixed at the end of the tension steel anchor 501 and a magnet block 505 welded on the side of the second support steel disc 504 away from the tension steel anchor 501, the diameter of the second support steel disc 504 is larger than that of the first support steel disc 503; the expanded anchor 502 is provided with four, the first support steel disc 503 is welded at one end of the main steel anchor 500 close to the anchor head, an anchor hole is formed at the center of the first support steel disc 503, the annular surface of the first support steel disc 503 is distributed with four tension holes 507 with the anchor hole as the center, the tension steel anchor 501 passes through the anchor hole and is fixedly welded or inserted into the center hole of the second support steel disc 504 at the other end; four strip-shaped holes 508 are radially distributed on the disc surface of the second support steel disc 504, and the four strip-shaped holes 508 are annularly distributed with the connection point of the tension steel anchor 501 and the second support steel disc 504 as the center; a connecting spring 506 is arranged between the first support steel disc 503 and the second support steel disc 504, the connecting spring 506 is sleeved outside the main steel anchor 500 and the tension steel anchor 501, one end of the connecting spring 506 is connected to the first support steel disc 503, and the other end of the connecting spring 506 is connected to the second support steel disc 504; each expanded anchor 502 is provided with a connecting ring 509 at one end, the connecting ring 509 of the expanded anchor 502 is sleeved at the tension hole 507 and is movable, the other end of the expanded anchor 502 passes through the corresponding strip-shaped hole 508 of the second support steel disc 504 and extends to the outside of the magnet block 505; the magnet block 505 is in the shape of a circular truncated cone or an I-shaped section, and the I-shaped section is more cost-saving, and the diameter of the magnet block 505 close to one end of the second support steel disc 504 is smaller than that away from the second support steel disc 504; during the process of placing the magnetic expanded-head anchor into the hole, as shown in Figure 8 As shown, the connecting spring 506 is in an extended state, and the provided elastic force keeps the expanded anchor 502 in an unopened state, at this time, the end of the expanded anchor 502 away from the first support steel disc 503 is located outside the large-diameter end of the magnet block 505 and in contact with the outer edge of the large-diameter end of the magnet block 505. The purpose of arranging the magnet in the magnetic anchor expanded head is to facilitate the attraction of the expanded anchor 502 to the magnet, so that the device is conveniently inserted into the magnetic expanded-head anchor hole, and the front-end magnet is also conducive to attracting the magnetic concrete to gather; the designed spring is conducive to providing the magnetic expanded-head anchor with elastic force during the placing process, generating a rebounding force when encountering an obstacle, and rebounding when not subjected to the force, so as to ensure that the magnetic expanded-head anchor is placed to the designed position in the hole.

[0068] In the embodiment, as shown in Figures 14 to 16As shown, the spring damping support 6 includes a convex support 600 arranged at the bottom of the main beam 9 and a spring damping device arranged at the top of the connecting beam 15, the spring damping device includes a frame structure 601 and damping springs 602, the frame structure 601 is composed of an outer frame 6021 and an inner bearing frame 6022, the outer frame 6021 is a concave frame with an open bottom surface, the concave area of which matches the convex support 600, and the convex support 600 is embedded in the inner concave area of the outer frame 6021; the inner bearing frame 6022 is a square frame with an open top surface, and is fixed on the top surface of the connecting beam 15, a plurality of groups of vertical damping springs 602 are arranged inside the inner bearing frame 6022, the outer frame 6021 is sleeved on the open surface of the inner bearing frame 6022, the top of the plurality of groups of damping springs 602 is connected with the outer frame 6021, a lateral buffer spring 603 is arranged between the side plate of the inner bearing frame 6022 and the side plate of the lower concave area of the outer frame 6021, and the side plate of the inner bearing frame 6022 and the side plate of the outer frame 6021 are connected through a buckle assembly 604; the buckle assembly 604 includes an upper buckle 6041 welded on the inner bearing frame 6022, a lower buckle 6042 welded on the outer frame 6021 and a bolt member connecting the two buckles, the upper buckle 6041 is equidistantly provided with a plurality of bolt holes 6043, the lower buckle 6042 is provided with a vertical adjusting hole 6044, the bolt member is fixed in the corresponding bolt hole 6043, and the other end extends into the vertical adjusting hole 6044, and under the action of the damping spring 602, when the outer frame 6021 moves up and down, the bolt member moves up and down along the vertical adjusting hole 6044.

[0069] As shown in the embodiment, Figures 17 to 21 As shown, the slope retaining side wall 1 is formed by splicing reinforced concrete retaining wall prefabricated plates 103, each of the retaining wall prefabricated plates 103 is provided with a matching splicing interface 104 on both sides, and adjacent two retaining wall prefabricated plates 103 are spliced and fixed into one through the splicing interface 104, a rotary support 100 is arranged at the top of the retaining wall prefabricated plate 103, a lower convex part 105 is arranged at the bottom, a magnet member 106 is embedded at the bottom of the lower convex part 105, and a plurality of anchor rod installation holes 107 are formed in the retaining wall prefabricated plate 103; the horizontal retaining wall 2 is provided with an installation groove 200 matching the lower convex part 105, a plurality of retaining wall bases 3 are arranged, and are formed by pouring magnetic concrete, the installation groove 200 on the horizontal retaining wall 2 respectively leads to the corresponding retaining wall base 3, and a plurality of second magnetic expanded head anchor rods 12 are arranged around each retaining wall base 3; the first magnetic expanded head anchor rod 5, the second magnetic expanded head anchor rod 12 and the third magnetic expanded head anchor rod 10 are filled and poured by magnetic concrete, and the first magnetic expanded head anchor rod 5 is punched into the anchor rod installation hole 107.

[0070] The magnetic concrete in implementation is composed of the following substances with mass percentage: iron ore crushed stone with particle size of 5-10 mm 30%, iron powder 20%, cement 25%, SBS modifier 3%, glass fiber with length of 19 mm 7%, and water 15%.

[0071] The embodiment case is to build a shed tunnel on a steep section of a mountainous area, and to quickly repair and construct the damaged part. The specific construction process is as follows:

[0072] S1. Prepare the prefabricated main beam, modular support plate and retaining wall prefabricated plate; the main beam, modular support plate and retaining wall prefabricated plate are directly assembled on the construction site after factory processing; the main beam is according to the design requirements for formwork, the reinforcement and stirrup are bound according to the design requirements, the cable fixed support position is strengthened and the reinforcement is arranged, then the pouring is dense; the pouring size is a*b modular plate, the formwork is designed according to the drawing, the reinforcing steel bars and reinforcing stirrups are arranged inside the plate, and the long side beam of the poured plate is polished with arc treatment. The main beam 9 is installed with a prestressed reinforcement device, the beam bottom cushion layer and beam side cushion layer are placed at the designed position, the cable is passed through the beam bottom cushion layer reserved hole, then it is passed through the beam side cushion layer and wound to the cable fixed support on the beam end, the cable is anchored and fixed by the clamp, and the cable is prestressed according to the beam stress support requirements.

[0073] S2. Construct the slope retaining wall structure inside the road according to the design drawing; first, excavate the retaining wall base pouring hole with trapezoidal cross section at the designed position, and drill a plurality of second magnetic expanded head anchor rods from the retaining wall base pouring hole, after the installation of the plurality of second magnetic expanded head anchor rods is completed, pour magnetic concrete in the retaining wall base pouring hole, and form the retaining wall base 3 after the concrete is solidified; then pour and connect the horizontal retaining wall 2 with the retaining wall base 3 on the upper part of the retaining wall base 3, when the horizontal retaining wall 2 is poured and connected, the installation groove of the slope retaining side wall 1 is reserved, the position, shape and size of the installation groove are matched with the lower convex part 105 of the retaining wall prefabricated plate 103, the retaining wall prefabricated plate 103 is spliced and installed, the lower convex part 105 at the bottom of each retaining wall prefabricated plate 103 is inserted into the installation groove correspondingly, and the recess gap of the horizontal retaining wall 2 is poured with magnetic concrete; finally, a plurality of first magnetic expanded head anchor rods 5 are drilled and installed in the mountain body through the anchor rod installation hole 107 reserved on the retaining wall prefabricated plate 103, and the top of the slope retaining side wall 1 is provided with a rotating support seat matched with the rotating support seat 8;

[0074] S3. Constructing the outer support structure outside the road according to the design drawings; first, drilling a plurality of bearing piles from the ground, each bearing pile is driven into the bearing layer of the foundation, and the top of each bearing pile is connected to each other by a bearing pile platform; then, constructing a plurality of third magnetic expanded head anchor rods 10, the third magnetic expanded head anchor rod 10 is inclined to drill into the bearing layer at an angle of 30-60 degrees from the bearing pile platform 30, the outer end of the third magnetic expanded head anchor rod 10 is anchored in the bearing pile platform; then, hanging a steel mesh grid on the slope surface outside the road, and spraying foam fiber concrete protection; finally, installing support columns and connecting beams vertically on the bearing pile platform;

[0075] S4. Installing the main beam and the modular support plate, one end of each main beam is rotatably connected to the rotating support of the top of the slope retaining wall 1 through the rotating support 8, and the other end is connected to the connecting beam 15 of the outer support structure through the spring damping support, after the main beam is installed, the modular support plate is assembled between the adjacent two main beams, and the steel reinforcement cage is placed on the installed main beam and the modular support plate, and the ceramsite is filled;

[0076] S5. When a vehicle needs to pass through the inside of the shed tunnel that exceeds the height limit, the steel reinforcement cage filled with ceramsite, the modular support plate and the main beam are lifted and placed aside, and after the vehicle passes, the step S4 is repeated to install them.

[0077] S6. When a damaged shed tunnel or a retaining wall needs to be repaired, the damaged part is cleaned and excavated, and steps S2 to S5 are repeated.

[0078] The first magnetic expanded head anchor rod 5, the second magnetic expanded head anchor rod 12 and the third magnetic expanded head anchor rod 10 used in the embodiment have the same structure and construction method, and the installation process of each second magnetic expanded head anchor rod is as follows: drilling a hole at the anchor rod position designed in the retaining wall base pouring hole, and continuing to drill a hole at the deepest part of the anchor rod hole using an expansion drill bit, placing the second magnetic expanded head anchor rod into the anchor rod hole, pulling the steel anchor rod 501 to stretch the magnetic anchor rod expansion head, making the magnetic anchor rod expansion head hold the expansion anchor rod 502 to expand to the four directions, compressing the connecting spring 506, and expanding the expansion anchor rod 502 to the maximum diameter of the anchor rod hole, fixing the position of the steel anchor rod 501, then injecting magnetic concrete into the anchor rod hole, filling the hole gap with magnetic concrete through the magnet block 505, and waiting for the magnetic concrete to solidify to complete the installation of the second magnetic expanded head anchor rod;

[0079] The installation process of each first magnetic expanded head anchor rod 5 is as follows: drilling a hole in the mountain through the anchor rod installation hole 107 reserved on the retaining wall prefabricated slab 103, and continuing to drill a hole at the deepest part of the anchor rod hole using an expansion drill bit, placing the first magnetic expanded head anchor rod into the anchor rod hole, and the rest of the process is the same as the installation process of the second magnetic expanded head anchor rod;

[0080] The installation process of each third magnetic expanded-head anchor rod 10 is: the anchor rod hole is drilled obliquely from the outside of the pile platform towards the foundation, and a reamer bit is used to continue drilling at the deepest part of the anchor rod hole, the third magnetic expanded-head anchor rod 10 is placed into the anchor rod hole, and the remaining process is the same as the installation process of the second magnetic expanded-head anchor rod.

[0081] The above is only one embodiment of the present application, which is described in more detail and in more detail, but cannot be understood as a limitation on the scope of the present application. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of modifications and improvements can be made, which are within the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the appended claims.

Claims

1. A modular elastic tunnel support system, characterized in that: The shed support system includes a slope retaining wall structure on the side adjacent to the mountain slope (4), an external support structure located at the edge of the road, and a shed structure located on top of the slope retaining wall structure and the external support structure. The slope retaining wall structure includes a slope retaining side wall (1), a horizontal retaining wall (2) located at the bottom of the slope retaining side wall (1), and a retaining wall base (3). The retaining wall base (3) is a trapezoidal retaining structure formed by excavating and pouring concrete from the bottom of the mountain slope (4). The horizontal retaining wall (2) is a horizontal retaining structure poured on top of the retaining wall base (3). A first magnetic expanded head anchor rod (5) is installed from the slope retaining side wall (1) toward the mountain slope (4), and a second magnetic expanded head anchor rod (12) is installed from the retaining wall base (3) toward the surrounding mountain. The external support structure includes a roadbed retaining wall (7) and multiple support columns (14). The roadbed retaining wall (7) is a retaining structure composed of multiple bearing piles driven into the bearing layer of the foundation from the ground. The tops of the multiple bearing piles are connected as one unit through a bearing pile platform (13). The multiple support columns (14) are arranged in a straight line on the bearing pile platform (13), and their tops are connected as one unit through a connecting beam (15). A third magnetic expansion head anchor rod (10) is driven from the bearing pile platform (13) toward the underground bearing layer. The scaffolding structure includes multiple parallel main beams (9), modular support plates (11) installed between adjacent main beams (9), and a steel cage (12) filled with ceramsite located above the main beams (9) and the modular support plates (11); one end of each main beam (10) is connected to the connecting beam (15) of the external support structure through a spring damping support (6), and the other end is connected to the top of the slope retaining wall (1) through a rotating support (8).

2. The modular elastic tunnel support system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first magnetic expansion head anchor rod (5), the second magnetic expansion head anchor rod (12), and the third magnetic expansion head anchor rod (10) have the same structure, each including a main steel anchor rod (500), a tension steel anchor rod (501), an expansion anchor rod (502), a first support steel plate (503), and a magnetic anchor rod expansion head; the first support steel plate (503) is welded to one end of the main steel anchor rod (500) near the anchor head, the tension steel anchor rod (501) passes through the main steel anchor rod (500) and connects to the magnetic anchor rod expansion head, the magnetic anchor rod expansion head includes a second support steel plate (504) fixed to the end of the tension steel anchor rod (501) and a magnet block (505) welded to the side of the second support steel plate (504) away from the tension steel anchor rod (501), the diameter of the second support steel plate (504) is larger than that of the first support steel plate (503), and the disc surface of the second support steel plate (504) is radially Multiple strip holes (508) are distributed in a ring around the connection point between the steel anchor rod (501) and the second support steel plate (504). A connecting spring (506) is provided between the first support steel plate (503) and the second support steel plate (504). The connecting spring (506) is sleeved on the outside of the main steel anchor rod (500) and the steel anchor rod (501), with one end connected to the first support steel plate (503) and the other end connected to the second support steel plate (504). Multiple expansion anchor rods (502) are provided, distributed around the steel anchor rod (501) with the steel anchor rod (501) as the center. One end of each expansion anchor rod (502) is movably connected to the first support steel plate (503), and the other end passes through the corresponding strip hole (508) of the second support steel plate (504) and extends to the outside of the magnet block (505).

3. A modular elastic tunnel support system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Each main beam (9) has a beam armhole (900) on both sides in the width direction and a beam side pad (901) on both ends in the length direction. Each main beam (9) has a cable fixing support (904) at the top of both ends in the length direction. Each main beam (9) has multiple beam bottom pads (902) distributed at the bottom. The multiple beam bottom pads (902) are parallel to each other, and the length of each beam bottom pad (902) is equal to the width of the main beam (9). Multiple cables (903) are arranged parallel to each other at the bottom of the beam bottom pads (902). Rope holes (905) are opened on the spring damping support (6), the rotating support (8) and the cable fixing support (904). Each cable (903) is laid along the length direction of the main beam (9), and its two ends pass through the corresponding rope holes on the spring damping support (6) and the rotating support (8) and then run upward along the two beam side pads (901). Extending to the top of the main beam (9), and after passing through the expansion holes on the corresponding side cable fixing support (904), it is anchored and locked; the front and rear sides of the modular support plate (11) are respectively erected on the beam armholes (900) of the adjacent two main beams (9), the thickness of the main beam (9) is greater than the thickness of the modular support plate (11), and multiple support springs (17) are respectively provided between the modular support plate (11) and the side of the main beam (9) and the beam armhole (900). Spring grooves (18) are opened at the corresponding positions on the modular support plate (11), the main beam (9) and the beam armhole (900), and the two ends of each support spring (17) are respectively fixed in the corresponding spring groove (18); the steel cage (12) is also provided with an installation groove at the position corresponding to the main beam (9), and the part of the main beam (9) that is higher than the modular support plate (11) is embedded in the installation groove of the steel cage (12).

4. A modular elastic tunnel support system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The spring damping support (6) includes a convex support (600) set at the bottom of the main beam (9) and a spring damping device installed on the top of the connecting beam (15). The spring damping device includes a frame structure (601) and a damping spring (602). The frame structure (601) consists of an outer frame (6021) and an inner support frame (6022). The outer frame (6021) is a concave frame with an open bottom surface, and its concave area is connected to the convex support (600). 00) Matching, the inner bearing frame (6022) is a square frame with an open top surface. The inner bearing frame (6022) is fixed to the top surface of the connecting beam (15). Multiple sets of vertical damping springs (602) are provided inside the inner bearing frame (6022). The outer frame (6021) is fitted onto the open surface of the inner bearing frame (6022). The top of the multiple sets of damping springs (602) is connected to the outer frame (6021). On the side of the inner bearing frame (6022) A lateral buffer spring (603) is provided between the baffle and the side baffle of the recessed area of ​​the outer frame (6021). The side baffle of the inner support frame (6022) and the side baffle of the outer frame (6021) are connected by a snap-fit ​​assembly (604). The snap-fit ​​assembly (604) includes an upper snap-fit ​​member (6041) welded to the inner support frame (6022), a lower snap-fit ​​member (6042) welded to the outer frame (6021), and a connecting element for the two sides. The upper snap fastener (6041) has multiple bolt holes (6043) evenly distributed, and the lower snap fastener (6042) has a vertical adjustment hole (6044). The bolt is fixed in the corresponding bolt hole (6043), and the other end extends into the vertical adjustment hole (6044). Under the action of the shock-absorbing spring (602), when the outer frame (6021) moves up and down, the bolt moves up and down along the vertical adjustment hole (6044).

5. A modular elastic tunnel support system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The third magnetic expanded head anchor rod (16) is driven into the bearing layer at an angle of 30 to 60 degrees. The outer end of the third magnetic expanded head anchor rod (16) is connected to the bearing pile platform (13). A steel mesh (16) is suspended on the slope of the suspended side of the bearing pile platform (13), and foam fiber concrete is sprayed. The rotating support seat (8) is a support with an arc-shaped cross section, fixed at the bottom of the main beam (9). A rotating support seat (100) is provided on the top surface of the slope retaining side wall (1). An arc-shaped groove (101) is opened in the rotating support seat (100), and an arc-shaped concave steel plate (102) matching the rotating support seat (8) is installed in the groove (101). The rotating support seat (8) is embedded in the corresponding groove (101) and can rotate in the groove (101).

6. The modular elastic tunnel support system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The expansion anchor rods (502) are provided in groups of 3 to 5. An anchor rod through hole is opened at the center of the first support steel plate (503). The annular surface of the first support steel plate (503) is provided with multiple pull holes (507) arranged in a ring around the anchor rod through hole. The pull steel anchor rod (501) passes through the anchor rod through hole, and the other end is fixedly welded to the center of the second support steel plate (504) or fixedly inserted into the center hole of the second support steel plate (504). The number of pull holes (507) and strip holes (508) is the same as the number of expansion anchor rods (502). Each expansion anchor rod (502) is provided with a connecting ring (509) at one end. The connecting ring (509) is sleeved on the pull hole (507); the magnet block (505) is frustum-shaped or I-shaped, and the diameter of the end of the magnet block (505) near the second support steel plate (504) is smaller than the diameter of the end away from the second support steel plate (504); during the process of inserting the magnetic expansion anchor rod into the hole, the connecting spring (506) is in an extended state, and the elastic force provided keeps the expansion anchor rod (502) in an unopened state. At this time, the end of the expansion anchor rod (502) away from the first support steel plate (503) is located outside the large diameter end of the magnet block (505) and contacts the outer edge of the large diameter end of the magnet block (505).

7. The modular elastic tunnel support system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The modular support plate (11) is a rectangular reinforced concrete structural plate. Ribbed beams are arranged on the modular support plate (11), and reinforcing bars and stirrups are arranged inside. Side beams (1100) are provided on the left and right sides of the modular support plate (11) at the positions corresponding to the beam armholes (900). Support springs (17) set on the modular support plate (11) are respectively opened at the bottom and side of the side beams (1100). Each modular support plate (11) has matching splicing slots (1101) on the front and rear sides, and the protruding part of the outer edge (1102) of the splicing slot (1101) is set in an arc.

8. The modular elastic tunnel support system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The slope retaining sidewall (1) is made of precast retaining wall panels (103) of reinforced concrete structure spliced ​​together. Each precast retaining wall panel (103) has matching splicing interfaces (104) on both sides. Adjacent precast retaining wall panels (103) are spliced ​​and fixed together by splicing interfaces (104). A rotating support (100) is provided at the top of the precast retaining wall panel (103), and a lower protrusion (105) is provided at the bottom. A magnet (106) is embedded at the bottom of the lower protrusion (105), and multiple anchor bolt installation holes (107) are opened on the precast retaining wall panel (103); the horizontal retaining wall (2) An installation groove (200) matching the lower protrusion (105) is provided on the upper part. The retaining wall base (3) is provided in multiple ways, all of which are made of magnetic concrete. The installation groove (200) on the horizontal retaining wall (2) leads to the corresponding retaining wall base (3). Multiple second magnetic expansion head anchor rods (12) are installed around each retaining wall base (3). The first magnetic expansion head anchor rod (5), the second magnetic expansion head anchor rod (12) and the third magnetic expansion head anchor rod (10) are all filled and poured with magnetic concrete. The first magnetic expansion head anchor rod (5) is driven into the anchor rod installation hole (107). The magnetic concrete is composed of the following materials by mass percentage: 25-35% iron ore crushed stone with a particle size of 5-10mm, 15-25% iron powder, 20-30% cement, 2-4% SBS modifier, 6-8% glass fiber with a length of 15-20mm, and 12-17% water.

9. A construction method for a modular elastic tunnel support system according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that, The slope retaining sidewall (1) is made of precast retaining wall panels (103) of reinforced concrete structure spliced ​​together. The bottom of the precast retaining wall panel (103) is provided with a lower protrusion (105) that splices with the horizontal retaining wall (2), and an embedded magnet (106) is provided at the bottom of the lower protrusion (105). Multiple anchor bolt installation holes (107) are reserved on the precast retaining wall panel (103). The construction method specifically includes the following steps: S1. Prepare prefabricated main beams, modular support plates, and prefabricated retaining wall plates; S2. Construct the retaining wall structure on the inner side of the road according to the design drawings; first, excavate a trapezoidal cross-section retaining wall base pouring hole at the design location, and drill and install multiple second magnetic enlarged head anchor rods through the retaining wall base pouring hole. After the installation of multiple second magnetic enlarged head anchor rods, pour magnetic concrete into the retaining wall base pouring hole. After the concrete solidifies, the retaining wall base is formed; then, pour a horizontal retaining wall on the upper part of the retaining wall base, and connect the horizontal retaining wall to the retaining wall base. The horizontal retaining wall is then constructed using formwork. During construction, installation slots for the retaining walls on the slope are reserved. The position, shape, and size of the installation slots are matched with the protruding parts of the precast retaining wall panels. The precast retaining wall panels are spliced ​​and installed, and the protruding parts at the bottom of each precast retaining wall panel are inserted into the corresponding installation slots. Magnetic concrete is poured into the grooves and gaps of the horizontal retaining wall. Finally, multiple first magnetic expanded head anchors are drilled into the mountain through the anchor installation holes reserved on the precast retaining wall panels. A rotating support matching the rotating support seat is provided on the top of the retaining wall. S3. Construct the external support structure on the outer side of the road according to the design drawings; first, drill multiple bearing piles from the ground, each bearing pile is driven into the bearing layer of the foundation, and the tops of the bearing piles are connected to each other with a bearing pile platform; then, construct multiple third magnetic expanded head anchor rods, which are driven into the bearing layer from a 30-60 degree inclined hole drilled from the bearing pile platform, and the outer end of the third magnetic expanded head anchor rod is anchored to the bearing pile platform; after that, hang steel mesh on the outer slope of the road and spray foam fiber concrete for protection; finally, vertically install support columns and connecting beams on the bearing pile platform; S4. Install the main beams and modular support plates. One end of each main beam is rotatably connected to the rotating support at the top of the slope retaining wall via a rotating support seat, and the other end is connected to the connecting beam of the external support structure via a spring damping support seat. After the main beams are installed, assemble the modular support plates between two adjacent main beams. After completing the installation of the modular support plates, place the steel cage on the top of the installed main beams and modular support plates and fill it with ceramsite. S5. When a vehicle exceeding the height limit inside the tunnel needs to pass, lift the steel cage containing expanded clay, modular support plate and main beam to the side. After the vehicle passes, repeat step S4 to install them.

10. The construction method of a modular elastic tunnel support system according to claim 9, characterized in that: The first, second, and third magnetic expanded head anchor bolts used in the construction method have the same structure, each including a main steel anchor bolt, a tension steel anchor bolt, an expansion anchor bolt, a first support steel plate, and a magnetic anchor bolt expansion head. The magnetic anchor bolt expansion head includes a second support steel plate fixed to the end of the tension steel anchor bolt and a magnet block welded to the side of the second support steel plate away from the tension steel anchor bolt. A connecting spring is provided between the first support steel plate and the second support steel plate. The installation process for each second magnetic expanded head anchor rod is as follows: Drill holes at the designed anchor rod positions within the casting holes of the retaining wall base, and continue drilling at the deepest point of the anchor rod hole using a reaming drill bit. Insert the second magnetic expanded head anchor rod into the anchor rod hole, pull the steel anchor rod to stretch the magnetic anchor rod expansion head, causing the magnetic anchor rod expansion head to press against the expansion anchor rod and expand it in all directions. The connecting spring is compressed, and the expansion anchor rod will expand to the maximum diameter of the anchor rod hole, fixing the position of the steel anchor rod. Then, inject magnetic concrete into the anchor rod hole, and use a magnet to attract the magnetic concrete to fill the gaps in the hole. Wait for the magnetic concrete to solidify to complete the installation of the second magnetic expanded head anchor rod. The installation process for each first magnetic expanded head anchor rod is as follows: drill holes in the mountain through the anchor rod installation holes reserved on the retaining wall precast slab, and continue drilling at the deepest part of the anchor rod hole using a hole-enlarging drill bit, and put the first magnetic expanded head anchor rod into the anchor rod hole. The rest of the process is the same as the installation process for the second magnetic expanded head anchor rod. The installation process for each third magnetic reamer is as follows: drill anchor holes from the outside of the bearing pile platform towards the foundation at an angle, and continue drilling at the deepest point of the anchor hole using a reamer. Insert the third magnetic reamer into the anchor hole. The remaining process is the same as the installation process for the second magnetic reamer.

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