Intelligent anchor rod real-time fastening and monitoring system based on hydraulic pressure

Abstract

The intelligent anchor rod real-time fastening and monitoring system comprises a drill bit, one end of the drill bit is connected with the front end of a hollow anchor rod body through threads, the front end of the hollow anchor rod body is of a hollow rod-shaped structure, and the position, close to the drill bit, of the peripheral wall of the hollow anchor rod body is sleeved with an energy absorption ring; the inner circumferential wall of the energy absorption ring is in interference fit with the outer circumferential wall of the front end of the hollow anchor rod body. By integrating the sensing module, the control module and the data management module, real-time monitoring and automatic tightening of the state of the anchor rod are achieved, the defects of traditional manual operation are overcome, the hydraulic sensing piece detects the pressure in the closed liquid containing space in real time, data are transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer through the first signal transmission line, and the temperature sensor synchronously collects temperature data; the single-chip microcomputer uploads the two types of data to a master control machine through a third signal transmission line, a touch display interface of the master control machine can display parameters of the multiple anchor rods in real time, and a data storage module records historical data, so that tracing analysis is facilitated.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel support, and particularly relates to an intelligent anchor rod real-time fastening and monitoring system based on hydraulic pressure. BACKGROUND

[0002] Anchor rod support is a core technology for ensuring the stability of surrounding rock in underground projects such as tunnels, underground pipe galleries and mine tunnels. The core principle is to implant anchor rods into the rock layer, use the friction force, anchoring force and tensile strength of the anchor rod and the surrounding rock to constrain the lateral displacement and longitudinal peeling of the rock layer, and prevent the collapse of the surrounding rock or structural instability. It is a key guarantee for the safety of underground engineering construction and long-term operation. With the development of underground engineering towards deepening and complex geological conditions (such as high humidity, high temperature fluctuation and corrosive environment), the technical defects of traditional anchor rods gradually become prominent: traditional anchor rods are mostly mechanically fastened and rely on manual use of torque wrenches to pre-tighten nuts to apply anchoring force. Not only is the pre-tightening force control accuracy low, but it is also difficult to adapt to the dynamically changing stress environment of the surrounding rock. Although some hydraulic anchor rods can transmit anchoring force through hydraulic medium, they are insufficient in design in terms of sealing structure, temperature adaptability and intelligent monitoring, resulting in difficulty in meeting the high-standard engineering requirements in terms of support reliability and durability. In addition, the concealment of underground engineering makes it difficult to monitor the operation state of the anchor rod, and the traditional manual periodic detection method not only has low efficiency (it needs to interrupt the engineering or enter the dangerous area), but also cannot capture the sudden change in the stress of the anchor rod caused by the deformation of the rock layer in real time, making it difficult to realize timely tightening and causing lagging safety hazards.

[0003] There are three major deficiencies in the actual use of traditional anchor rods, which seriously affect the support effect and engineering safety:

[0004] First, the sealing performance is insufficient. The sealing structure of traditional hydraulic anchor rods is mostly a single O-shaped sealing ring without auxiliary protection design. Under long-term rock vibration, hydraulic pressure fluctuation or high humidity environment, the sealing ring is prone to wear, aging or corrosion, causing leakage of hydraulic medium (such as viscous liquid) - not only directly reducing the stability of the anchoring force, but also possibly polluting the surrounding rock environment and accelerating the corrosion of the anchor rod assembly; at the same time, the single sealing cannot resist the invasion of corrosive gases or water seepage in underground engineering, and the sealing life is short, which requires frequent shutdown to replace the sealing parts, increasing maintenance costs and engineering risks.

[0005] Second, the temperature adaptability is poor. In underground engineering, the temperature fluctuates by 10-40℃ with depth, season or equipment heat dissipation. Traditional hydraulic anchor rods do not have temperature regulation and compensation mechanisms: when the temperature is too low, the viscosity of the hydraulic medium increases significantly, causing hydraulic transmission delay, reducing the fastening response speed of the anchor rod, and failing to respond to sudden rock deformation in time; when the temperature is too high, the medium is prone to oxidation and deterioration, the viscosity decreases, and "pressure loss" occurs, and the difference in thermal expansion and contraction of the anchor rod metal assembly and the sealing parts caused by temperature changes easily damages the sealing interface or connection structure, further aggravating the decay of the anchoring force.

[0006] Thirdly, the lack of intelligent monitoring and automatic fastening capability. The fastening state monitoring of the traditional anchor rod relies on manual detection of each anchor rod using a torque wrench, with large single detection error and inability to obtain key parameters such as anchoring force and hydraulic pressure in real time. When the rock stratum deforms to cause the anchor rod to loosen, manual judgment and manual tightening are required, with a response time of several hours, which is difficult to prevent the deformation of the surrounding rock from spreading. In addition, the monitoring data are mostly paper records, which cannot realize centralized management and trend analysis of multi-anchor rod data. Once local anchor rods fail, they cannot be discovered and warned in time, which may easily cause a chain of support failures. SUMMARY

[0007] The purpose of the present application is to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and an intelligent anchor rod real-time fastening and monitoring system based on hydraulic pressure is provided.

[0008] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0009] The intelligent anchor rod real-time fastening and monitoring system based on hydraulic pressure comprises a drill bit, one end of the drill bit is connected with a hollow anchor rod body front end through threads, the hollow anchor rod body front end is a rod-shaped structure with an internal cavity, an energy absorbing ring is sleeved on the position of the outer peripheral wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end close to the drill bit, the inner peripheral wall of the energy absorbing ring is in interference fit with the outer peripheral wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end, an annular positioning groove is formed on the inner peripheral wall of the energy absorbing ring, the positioning groove is matched with an annular protrusion on the outer peripheral wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end, the outer peripheral wall of the energy absorbing ring is an arc curved surface, the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end is covered with a ceramic coating, the ceramic coating is a gradient structure comprising an inner metal bonding layer and an outer ceramic layer, the metal bonding layer is completely attached to the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end, the ceramic layer is covered on the side of the metal bonding layer away from the inner wall, and the ceramic coating extends from one end of the hollow anchor rod body front end to the other end.

[0010] The outer wall of the end of the hollow anchor rod body front end away from the drill bit is welded with a hydraulic chamber, the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end and the hydraulic chamber is connected with a high-temperature resistant sealing glue wrapped around the weld joint, the hydraulic chamber is a cylindrical structure with open ends, and the outer wall of the hydraulic chamber is uniformly fixed with equidistantly distributed heating fins in the circumferential direction, the heating fins are arc-shaped sheet structures matched with the curvature of the outer wall of the hydraulic chamber, and a heat-conducting silicone grease layer is arranged between the heating fins and the outer wall of the hydraulic chamber.

[0011] Two temperature sensors are fixed on the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber in the axial direction, and the distance between the two temperature sensors is one third of the length of the hydraulic chamber, the sensing end of the temperature sensor extends to the internal cavity of the hydraulic chamber through the wall of the hydraulic chamber, and the signal output end of the temperature sensor is connected with the second signal input end of the single-chip microcomputer through armored wires.

[0012] The internal cavity of the hydraulic chamber is provided with a matched plate-shaped hydraulic chamber partition plate, and an annular sealing groove is formed in the outer peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber partition plate, and a first sealing assembly is embedded in the annular sealing groove, the first sealing assembly comprises an O-shaped sealing ring and a polytetrafluoroethylene check ring, and the polytetrafluoroethylene check ring is respectively located on the two sides of the O-shaped sealing ring, and the outer peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber partition plate is in sliding sealing cooperation with the inner peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber through the first sealing assembly;

[0013] The outer wall of the side of the hydraulic chamber partition plate away from the front end of the hollow anchor rod body is fixedly connected with the rear end of the hollow anchor rod body, and the rear end of the hollow anchor rod body is a rod-shaped structure with an internal cavity, and the inner wall thereof is covered with a ceramic coating with the same structure as the inner wall of the front end of the hollow anchor rod body, and the ceramic coating extends to the connecting surface of the rear end of the hollow anchor rod body and the hydraulic chamber partition plate;

[0014] A through liquid hole is formed through the rod wall of one side of the rear end of the hollow anchor rod body, one end of the through liquid hole communicates with the internal hollow area of the rear end of the hollow anchor rod body, and the other end communicates with the internal cavity of the hydraulic chamber, and an annular self-lubricating guide sleeve is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the end of the rear end of the hollow anchor rod body away from the hydraulic chamber partition plate, an annular oil groove is formed in the inner wall of the self-lubricating guide sleeve, and the annular oil groove is filled with solid lubricating grease, the outer peripheral wall of the self-lubricating guide sleeve is in interference fit with the inner wall of the rear end of the hollow anchor rod body, and the inner peripheral wall is a polished smooth surface;

[0015] The internal hollow area of the rear end of the hollow anchor rod body forms a containing cavity, and the containing cavity is filled with viscous liquid, and a pressure compensation capsule is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the containing cavity, the pressure compensation capsule is a flexible rubber capsule body, one end of the pressure compensation capsule is fixedly connected with the surface of the side of the hydraulic chamber partition plate away from the front end of the hollow anchor rod body, the other end is fixedly connected with the top end face of the hydraulic push rod, and the pressure compensation capsule surrounds the outside of the through liquid hole;

[0016] The hydraulic push rod penetrates into the containing cavity along the axis direction of the rear end of the hollow anchor rod body, and the rod body of the hydraulic push rod is in sliding fit with the inner peripheral wall of the self-lubricating guide sleeve, a sealing groove is formed in the top end face of the hydraulic push rod, and a second sealing assembly is embedded in the sealing groove, the second sealing assembly is a combined sealing ring, comprising a main sealing lip and an auxiliary dust lip, the top end face of the hydraulic push rod is in fit with the inner wall of the containing cavity of the rear end of the hollow anchor rod body through the second sealing assembly, and the top end face of the hydraulic push rod, the pressure compensation capsule and the hydraulic chamber partition plate jointly form a closed liquid containing space, and the viscous liquid is completely filled in the closed liquid containing space without air bubble remaining during the filling process;

[0017] The buffer spring is sleeved on the rod body of the hydraulic push rod, one end of the buffer spring is in abutment with the side surface of the self-lubricating guide sleeve away from the partition plate of the hydraulic chamber, the other end is in abutment with the shell of the motor, the buffer spring is in a pre-compressed state, a hydraulic sensing part is fixed on the rod body of the hydraulic push rod by bolts, the sensing end of the hydraulic sensing part extends into the closed liquid containing space through the rod wall of the hydraulic push rod, the signal output end of the hydraulic sensing part is connected with the first signal input end of the single-chip microcomputer through the first signal transmission line, the first signal transmission line extends along the rod body of the hydraulic push rod and is fixed on the rod wall of the hydraulic push rod by a metal clamp.

[0018] The outer thread is formed on the outer surface of the rod segment of the hollow anchor rod body away from the hydraulic chamber, a nut is threadedly connected on the outer thread segment, and a backing plate is sleeved on the outer thread segment.

[0019] The control signal input end of the motor is connected with the first signal output end of the single-chip microcomputer through the second signal transmission line, the metal protection tube is sleeved on the outside of the second signal transmission line, one end of the metal protection tube is fixed on the shell of the motor by a tube clamp, and the other end is fixed on the outer wall of the protective shell by a tube clamp.

[0020] Preferably, the outer thread is formed on the outer surface of the end of the hollow anchor rod body connected with the drill bit, and the end of the drill bit facing the front end of the hollow anchor rod body is provided with an internal thread hole, the tooth type angle and the pitch of the internal thread hole are consistent with the parameters of the outer thread of the front end of the hollow anchor rod body, and the bottom of the internal thread hole is provided with an anti-over-tightening step which is matched with the thread end surface of the front end of the hollow anchor rod body.

[0021] Preferably, the surface of the heating sheet is covered with an insulating ceramic film which completely covers the outer surface of the heating sheet, the control end of the heating sheet is connected with the third signal output end of the single-chip microcomputer through a high-temperature-resistant lead wire, the outer layer of the high-temperature-resistant lead wire is wrapped with a glass fiber woven layer, the gap between the heating sheet and the outer wall of the hydraulic chamber is completely filled with the thermally conductive silicone grease layer, and the edge of the thermally conductive silicone grease layer does not exceed the edge range of the heating sheet.

[0022] Preferably, the metal bonding layer of the ceramic coating is made of nickel-chromium alloy and is bonded to the inner walls of the front and rear ends of the hollow anchor body by plasma spraying. The ceramic layer is made of zirconia toughened alumina ceramic, and the ceramic coatings on the inner walls of the front and rear ends of the hollow anchor body form a continuous transition plane at the connection between the hydraulic chamber and the front end of the hollow anchor body. This plane is flush with the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber.

[0023] Preferably, the O-ring of the first-stage sealing assembly is made of fluororubber, the cross-sectional diameter of the O-ring is adapted to the depth of the annular sealing groove, the thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene retaining ring is consistent with the cross-sectional diameter of the O-ring, the inner hole of the retaining ring fits against the outer peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber partition, and the outer circle fits against the inner peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber. The width of the annular sealing groove of the hydraulic chamber partition is adapted to the overall width of the first-stage sealing assembly, and there is no obvious loosening after the sealing assembly is embedded.

[0024] Preferably, the rubber sealing sleeve is made of nitrile rubber, the axial length of the rubber sealing sleeve is consistent with the side wall thickness of the protective shell, and annular anti-slip texture is provided on the inner wall of the rubber sealing sleeve. The anti-slip texture fits with the outer sheath of the corresponding signal transmission line to prevent the signal transmission line from moving axially.

[0025] Preferably, the second signal output terminal of the microcontroller is connected to the signal input terminal of the main control unit through the third signal transmission line. The main control unit has a touch display interface on its outer casing and internally includes a data storage module, a data processing module, and an alarm module. The protective casing has three through holes on its side wall for the first, second, and third signal transmission lines to pass through, respectively. Each through hole is equipped with a rubber sealing sleeve. The inner hole of the rubber sealing sleeve is interference-fitted with the outer diameter of the corresponding signal transmission line, and the outer circle is interference-fitted with the wall of the through hole.

[0026] Preferably, the energy absorption ring is made of polyurethane elastomer, and the Shore A hardness of the energy absorption ring is 70±5 Shore A. The depth of the annular positioning groove of the energy absorption ring is adapted to the height of the annular protrusion at the front end of the hollow anchor rod. After the protrusion is embedded in the groove, the energy absorption ring does not move axially. The radius of curvature of the arc-shaped surface of the outer peripheral wall of the energy absorption ring is consistent, and the surface transition is smooth without sharp edges.

[0027] Preferably, the pressure compensation bladder is made of nitrile rubber, with uniform wall thickness and no pinholes or damage. Both ends of the pressure compensation bladder are fixedly connected to the hydraulic chamber partition and the hydraulic push rod respectively by stainless steel clamps. The inner circumferential wall of the clamp fits against the outer wall of the pressure compensation bladder, and there is no liquid leakage after the clamp is tightened. The outer surface of the pressure compensation bladder is wrapped with a polyimide protective film, which is fixed to the outer surface of the pressure compensation bladder by a high-temperature resistant adhesive.

[0028] Preferably, the surface of the buffer spring is galvanized and passivated, the adhesion of the passivation film is not less than 5B, and the pre-compression state of the buffer spring is positioned by the installation position of the motor, and the compression amount of the buffer spring remains stable after the motor is fixed.

[0029] The present application has the following advantages:

[0030] 1、The present application solves the problem of insufficient sealing of traditional anchor rods by multi-stage sealing and protection design, the first-stage sealing assembly of the hydraulic chamber partition plate is composed of a fluororubber O-shaped sealing ring and a polytetrafluoroethylene check ring, which can effectively prevent the sealing ring from being extruded and deformed under high pressure, and improve the sealing durability, and the second-stage sealing assembly at the top of the hydraulic push rod is a combined sealing ring with a main sealing lip and an auxiliary dust lip, the main sealing lip blocks the leakage of hydraulic medium, and the auxiliary dust lip isolates the outside dust and moisture from entering the containing cavity, double protection ensures the sealing reliability, at the same time, the butyronitrile rubber sealing sleeve at the threading hole of the protective shell is in interference fit with the signal transmission line, which avoids the intrusion of water from the threading gap, the pressure compensation capsule is made of butyronitrile rubber material and wrapped with a polyimide protective film, which is corrosion-resistant and anti-aging, can compensate the volume change of the hydraulic medium due to temperature change, maintain stable pressure, and does not need frequent maintenance, suitable for high humidity and corrosive underground environment.

[0031] 2、In view of the poor temperature adaptability of traditional anchor rods, the present application constructs a "monitoring-regulating-heat insulation" trinity temperature management system, the outer wall of the hydraulic chamber is uniformly distributed with arc heating pieces, and the inner wall is provided with two temperature sensors along the axial direction, the temperature sensors collect the temperature in the hydraulic chamber in real time and transmit it to the single-chip microcomputer through the armored wire, when the temperature is too low, the single-chip microcomputer controls the heating piece to start, quickly transfers heat through the heat-conducting silicone layer, maintains the viscosity of the viscous liquid in the best range, ensures the response speed of the hydraulic transmission, when the temperature is too high, the heating piece stops working, the ceramic coating on the inner walls of the front and rear ends of the hollow anchor rod body plays a heat insulation role, reduces the transmission of external heat, prevents the oxidation and deterioration of the viscous liquid, in addition, the ceramic coating can also improve the corrosion resistance of the inner wall of the rod body, avoid direct contact between the hydraulic medium and the metal wall, further prolong the service life of the hydraulic system, and ensure the stable operation of the anchor rod.

[0032] 3、The application realizes real-time monitoring and automatic tightening of the anchor rod state by integrating sensing, control and data management modules, solves the drawbacks of traditional manual operation, the hydraulic sensing part detects the pressure in the closed liquid containing space in real time, transmits the data to the single-chip microcomputer through the first signal transmission line, the temperature sensor synchronously collects temperature data, the single-chip microcomputer uploads the two types of data to the general control machine through the third signal transmission line, the touch display interface of the general control machine can display multiple anchor rod parameters in real time, the data storage module records historical data for traceability analysis, and the alarm module triggers an audible and visual alarm when the parameters exceed the limit, when the pressure is lower than the set threshold, the single-chip microcomputer controls the motor to start through the second signal transmission line, the motor drives the hydraulic push rod to slide along the self-lubricating guide sleeve through the coupling, compresses the viscous liquid, the liquid enters the hydraulic chamber through the liquid hole, moves the hydraulic chamber partition, drives the hollow anchor rod body to increase the anchoring force, realizes automatic tightening, the buffer spring can absorb the vibration in the tightening process, avoids motor overload, the whole process does not need manual intervention, the response time is short, and the centralized management of multiple anchor rod data can realize collaborative monitoring, timely discovery of local failure anchor rods and substantial reduction of engineering risks. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0033] Fig. 1 The overall structure front view of the intelligent anchor rod real-time fastening and monitoring system based on hydraulic pressure provided by the application;

[0034] Fig. 2 The overall structure schematic diagram of the intelligent anchor rod real-time fastening and monitoring system based on hydraulic pressure provided by the application;

[0035] Fig. 3 The partial structure enlarged schematic diagram of the intelligent anchor rod real-time fastening and monitoring system based on hydraulic pressure provided by the application.

[0036] In the figure: 1, drill bit; 2, hollow anchor rod body front end; 3, hollow anchor rod body rear end; 4, hydraulic chamber; 5, liquid hole; 6, hydraulic chamber partition; 7, pad; 8, nut; 9, hydraulic push rod; 10, motor; 11, hydraulic sensing part; 12, single-chip microcomputer; 13, first signal transmission line; 14, second signal transmission line; 15, third signal transmission line; 16, general control machine; 17, viscous liquid; 18, heating sheet; 19, temperature sensor; 20, ceramic coating; 21, self-lubricating guide sleeve; 22, protective shell; 23, L-shaped fixed support; 24, rubber sealing sleeve; 25, energy absorption ring; 26, first-stage sealing assembly; 27, second-stage sealing assembly; 28, pressure compensation capsule; 29, buffer spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application.

[0038] Embodiment 1, refer to Figs. 1-3 The hydraulic-based intelligent anchor rod real-time fastening and monitoring system comprises a drill bit 1, a hollow anchor rod body front end 2 is threadedly connected to one end of the drill bit 1, and the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 is a rod-shaped structure with an internal cavity, an energy absorption ring 25 is sleeved on the position of the outer peripheral wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 close to the drill bit 1, the inner peripheral wall of the energy absorption ring 25 is in interference fit with the outer peripheral wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2, and a ring-shaped positioning groove is formed in the inner peripheral wall of the energy absorption ring 25, the ring-shaped positioning groove is matched with a ring-shaped protrusion on the outer peripheral wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2, and the outer peripheral wall of the energy absorption ring 25 is an arc-shaped curved surface, the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 is covered with a ceramic coating 20, the ceramic coating 20 is a gradient structure comprising an inner metal bonding layer and an outer ceramic layer, the metal bonding layer is completely attached to the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2, the ceramic layer is covered on the side of the metal bonding layer away from the inner wall, and the ceramic coating 20 extends from one end of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 to the other end;

[0039] A hydraulic chamber 4 is welded and fixed to the outer wall of the end of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 away from the drill bit 1, and the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 and the hydraulic chamber 4 is wrapped with high-temperature-resistant sealing glue through a weld joint, the hydraulic chamber 4 is a cylindrical structure with open ends, and the outer wall of the hydraulic chamber 4 is uniformly fixed with equidistantly distributed heating fins 18 in the circumferential direction, the heating fins 18 are arc-shaped fin structures matched with the curvature of the outer wall of the hydraulic chamber 4, and a heat-conducting silicone grease layer is arranged between the heating fins 18 and the outer wall of the hydraulic chamber 4;

[0040] Two temperature sensors 19 are fixed on the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber 4 in the axial direction, and the distance between the two temperature sensors 19 is one-third of the length of the hydraulic chamber 4, the sensing end of the temperature sensor 19 extends to the internal cavity of the hydraulic chamber 4 through the wall of the hydraulic chamber 4, and the signal output end of the temperature sensor 19 is connected to the second signal input end of the single-chip microcomputer 12 through an armored wire;

[0041] The internal cavity of the hydraulic chamber 4 is provided with a hydraulic chamber partition plate 6 of a matching plate structure, and a ring-shaped sealing groove is formed in the outer peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6, a first-stage sealing assembly 26 is embedded in the ring-shaped sealing groove, the first-stage sealing assembly 26 comprises an O-shaped sealing ring and a polytetrafluoroethylene check ring, and the polytetrafluoroethylene check ring is respectively located on the two sides of the O-shaped sealing ring, and the outer peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6 is in sliding sealing fit with the inner peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber 4 through the first-stage sealing assembly 26;

[0042] The hydraulic bin partition plate 6 is fixedly connected with the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 away from the outer wall of one side of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2, and the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 is a rod-shaped structure with an inner cavity, the inner wall of which is covered with a ceramic coating 20 with the same structure as the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2, and the ceramic coating 20 extends to the connecting surface of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 and the hydraulic bin partition plate 6;

[0043] A through liquid hole 5 is formed through one side rod wall of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3, and one end of the through liquid hole 5 communicates with the inner hollow area of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3, and the other end communicates with the inner cavity of the hydraulic bin 4, and a self-lubricating guide sleeve 21 with an annular structure is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of one end of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 away from the hydraulic bin partition plate 6, and an annular oil groove is formed in the inner wall of the self-lubricating guide sleeve 21, and the annular oil groove is filled with solid lubricating grease, and the outer peripheral wall of the self-lubricating guide sleeve 21 is in interference fit with the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3, and the inner peripheral wall is a polished smooth surface;

[0044] The inner hollow area of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 forms an accommodating cavity, and the accommodating cavity is filled with viscous liquid 17, and a pressure compensation capsule 28 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity, the pressure compensation capsule 28 is a flexible rubber capsule, one end of which is fixedly connected with the surface of one side of the hydraulic bin partition plate 6 away from the hollow anchor rod body front end 2, and the other end is fixedly connected with the top end face of the hydraulic push rod 9, and the pressure compensation capsule 28 surrounds the outside of the through liquid hole 5;

[0045] The hydraulic push rod 9 penetrates into the accommodating cavity along the axis direction of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3, and the rod body of the hydraulic push rod 9 is in sliding fit with the inner peripheral wall of the self-lubricating guide sleeve 21, a sealing groove is formed in the top end face of the hydraulic push rod 9, and a second-level sealing assembly 27 is embedded in the sealing groove, the second-level sealing assembly 27 is a combined sealing ring, including a main sealing lip and an auxiliary dustproof lip, the top end face of the hydraulic push rod 9 is attached to the inner wall of the accommodating cavity of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 through the second-level sealing assembly 27, and the top end face of the hydraulic push rod 9, the pressure compensation capsule 28 and the hydraulic bin partition plate 6 jointly enclose a closed liquid containing space, and the viscous liquid 17 is completely filled in the closed liquid containing space without air bubbles remaining during the filling process;

[0046] The rod body of the hydraulic push rod 9 is sleeved with a buffer spring 29, one end of the buffer spring 29 is in abutment with the side surface of the self-lubricating guide sleeve 21 away from the hydraulic bin partition plate 6, the other end is in abutment with the shell of the motor 10, the buffer spring 29 is in a pre-compressed state, the rod body of the hydraulic push rod 9 is provided with a hydraulic sensing part 11 fixed by a bolt, the sensing end of the hydraulic sensing part 11 extends into the closed liquid containing space through the rod wall of the hydraulic push rod 9, the signal output end of the hydraulic sensing part 11 is connected with the first signal input end of the single-chip microcomputer 12 through the first signal transmission line 13, the first signal transmission line 13 extends along the rod body of the hydraulic push rod 9 and is fixed on the rod wall of the hydraulic push rod 9 by a metal clamp;

[0047] The outer thread is formed on the outer surface of the rod segment of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 away from the hydraulic bin 4, and a nut 8 is threadedly connected on the outer thread segment, and a backing plate 7 is also sleeved on the outer thread segment, the side surface of the backing plate 7 facing the rock stratum to be supported is provided with an anti-skid groove, and the end of the hydraulic push rod 9 away from the closed liquid containing space is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the motor 10 through a coupling, and the inside of the coupling is provided with an elastic buffer pad;

[0048] The control signal input end of the motor 10 is connected with the first signal output end of the single-chip microcomputer 12 through the second signal transmission line 14, the outside of the second signal transmission line 14 is sleeved with a metal protection tube, one end of the metal protection tube is fixed on the shell of the motor 10 through a tube clamp, and the other end is fixed on the outer wall of the protective shell 22 through a tube clamp, the single-chip microcomputer 12 is arranged in the inside of the protective shell 22, the outer surface of the protective shell 22 is welded with an L-shaped fixing bracket 23, and the end of the L-shaped fixing bracket 23 away from the protective shell 22 is provided with a mounting hole, and an expansion bolt is fixedly connected with the surface of the rock stratum to be supported through the mounting hole;

[0049] The outer thread is formed on the outer surface of the end of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 connected with the drill bit 1, and the end of the drill bit 1 facing the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 is provided with an internal thread hole, the tooth type angle and the pitch of the internal thread hole are consistent with the parameters of the outer thread of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2, and the bottom of the internal thread hole is provided with an anti-over-tightening step, which is matched with the thread end surface of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2;

[0050] The surface of the heating sheet 18 is covered with an insulating ceramic film, the insulating ceramic film completely covers the outer surface of the heating sheet 18, the control end of the heating sheet 18 is connected with the third signal output end of the single-chip microcomputer 12 through a high-temperature-resistant wire, the outer layer of the high-temperature-resistant wire is wrapped with a glass fiber woven layer, the gap between the heating sheet 18 and the outer wall of the hydraulic bin 4 is completely filled with the thermally conductive silicone grease layer, and the edge of the thermally conductive silicone grease layer does not exceed the edge range of the heating sheet 18;

[0051] The metal bonding layer material of the ceramic coating 20 is nickel-chromium alloy, which is combined with the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 and the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 by plasma spraying, the ceramic layer material is zirconia toughened alumina ceramic, and the ceramic coating 20 on the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 and the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 forms a continuous transition plane at the connection position of the hydraulic bin 4 and the hollow anchor rod body front end 2, which is flush with the inner wall of the hydraulic bin 4.

[0052] The O-ring seal material of the first-stage sealing assembly 26 is fluorine rubber, the cross-sectional diameter of the O-ring seal is matched with the depth of the annular sealing groove, the thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene check ring is consistent with the cross-sectional diameter of the O-ring seal, the inner hole of the check ring is matched with the outer peripheral wall of the hydraulic bin partition plate 6, and the outer circle is matched with the inner peripheral wall of the hydraulic bin 4, the annular sealing groove width of the hydraulic bin partition plate 6 is matched with the overall width of the first-stage sealing assembly 26, and the sealing assembly is embedded without obvious looseness.

[0053] The material of the rubber sealing sleeve 24 is butyronitrile rubber, the axial length of the rubber sealing sleeve 24 is consistent with the thickness of the side wall of the protective shell 22, and the inner hole wall of the rubber sealing sleeve 24 is provided with an annular anti-skid pattern, which is matched with the outer sheath of the corresponding signal transmission line to prevent the signal transmission line from moving axially.

[0054] Embodiment 2, refer to Figs. 1-3 , the hydraulic-based intelligent anchor rod real-time fastening and monitoring system, comprising a drill bit 1, one end of the drill bit 1 is threadedly connected with a hollow anchor rod body front end 2, and the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 is a rod-shaped structure with an inner cavity, an energy absorbing ring 25 is sleeved on the outer peripheral wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 close to the drill bit 1, the inner peripheral wall of the energy absorbing ring 25 is in interference fit with the outer peripheral wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2, and the inner peripheral wall of the energy absorbing ring 25 is provided with an annular positioning groove, the positioning groove is matched with the annular protrusion on the outer peripheral wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2, and the outer peripheral wall of the energy absorbing ring 25 is an arc-shaped curved surface, the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 is covered with a ceramic coating 20, the ceramic coating 20 is a gradient structure comprising an inner metal bonding layer and an outer ceramic layer, the metal bonding layer is completely matched with the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2, the ceramic layer is covered on the side of the metal bonding layer away from the inner wall, and the ceramic coating 20 extends from one end of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 to the other end;

[0055] The outer wall of the end of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 away from the drill bit 1 is welded and fixed with a hydraulic bin 4, and the outer wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 and the four around the hydraulic bin 4 is welded and connected with high-temperature resistant sealing glue, the hydraulic bin 4 is a cylindrical structure with two open ends, and the outer wall of the hydraulic bin 4 is uniformly fixed with equidistantly distributed heating sheets 18 in the circumferential direction, the heating sheets 18 are arc-shaped sheet structures matched with the curvature of the outer wall of the hydraulic bin 4, and a heat-conducting silicone grease layer is arranged between the heating sheets 18 and the outer wall of the hydraulic bin 4;

[0056] Two temperature sensors 19 are fixed on the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber 4 in an axial distribution, and the interval of the two temperature sensors 19 is one third of the length of the hydraulic chamber 4. The sensing end of the temperature sensor 19 extends to the internal cavity of the hydraulic chamber 4 through the wall of the hydraulic chamber 4, and the signal output end of the temperature sensor 19 is connected with the second signal input end of the single-chip microcomputer 12 through an armored wire;

[0057] The internal cavity of the hydraulic chamber 4 is provided with a hydraulic chamber partition plate 6 of a matching plate structure, and an annular sealing groove is formed in the outer peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6. A first sealing assembly 26 is embedded in the annular sealing groove. The first sealing assembly 26 includes an O-shaped sealing ring and a polytetrafluoroethylene check ring, and the polytetrafluoroethylene check ring is respectively located on the two sides of the O-shaped sealing ring. The outer peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6 is in sliding sealing cooperation with the inner peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber 4 through the first sealing assembly 26;

[0058] The hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the side of the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6 away from the hollow anchor rod body front end 2, and the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 is a rod structure with an internal cavity. The inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 is covered with a ceramic coating 20 with the same structure as the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2. The ceramic coating 20 extends to the connecting surface of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 and the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6;

[0059] The liquid passing hole 5 is formed through the rod wall of the side of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3. One end of the liquid passing hole 5 is in communication with the internal hollow area of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3, and the other end is in communication with the internal cavity of the hydraulic chamber 4. The self-lubricating guide sleeve 21 of an annular structure is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the end of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 away from the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6. An annular oil groove is formed in the inner wall of the self-lubricating guide sleeve 21, and the annular oil groove is filled with solid lubricating grease. The outer peripheral wall of the self-lubricating guide sleeve 21 is in interference fit with the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3, and the inner peripheral wall is a polished smooth surface;

[0060] The internal hollow area of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 forms an accommodating cavity, and the accommodating cavity is filled with viscous liquid 17. The pressure compensation capsule 28 is fixedly arranged on the inner wall of the accommodating cavity. The pressure compensation capsule 28 is a flexible rubber capsule. One end of the pressure compensation capsule 28 is fixedly connected with the surface of the side of the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6 away from the hollow anchor rod body front end 2, and the other end is fixedly connected with the top end surface of the hydraulic push rod 9. The pressure compensation capsule 28 surrounds the outside of the liquid passing hole 5;

[0061] The hydraulic push rod 9 penetrates into the containing cavity along the axial direction of the rear end 3 of the hollow anchor rod body, and the rod body of the hydraulic push rod 9 is in sliding fit with the inner peripheral wall of the self-lubricating guide sleeve 21. A sealing groove is formed in the top end face of the hydraulic push rod 9, and a second sealing assembly 27 is embedded in the sealing groove. The second sealing assembly 27 is a combined sealing ring, which comprises a main sealing lip and an auxiliary dust lip. The top end face of the hydraulic push rod 9 is in abutment with the inner wall of the containing cavity of the rear end 3 of the hollow anchor rod body through the second sealing assembly 27. The top end face of the hydraulic push rod 9, the pressure compensation capsule 28 and the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6 jointly enclose a closed liquid containing space, and the viscous liquid 17 is completely filled in the closed liquid containing space without air bubble remaining during the filling process.

[0062] A buffer spring 29 is sleeved on the rod body of the hydraulic push rod 9. One end of the buffer spring 29 is in abutment with the side surface of the self-lubricating guide sleeve 21 away from the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6, and the other end is in abutment with the shell of the motor 10. The buffer spring 29 is in a pre-compressed state. A hydraulic sensing part 11 is fixed on the rod body of the hydraulic push rod 9 by bolts. The sensing end of the hydraulic sensing part 11 extends into the closed liquid containing space through the rod wall of the hydraulic push rod 9. The signal output end of the hydraulic sensing part 11 is connected with the first signal input end of the single-chip microcomputer 12 through the first signal transmission line 13. The first signal transmission line 13 extends along the rod body of the hydraulic push rod 9 and is fixed on the rod wall of the hydraulic push rod 9 by a metal clamp.

[0063] An external thread is formed on the outer surface of the rod section of the rear end 3 of the hollow anchor rod body away from the hydraulic chamber 4, and a nut 8 is threadedly connected on the external thread section. A backing plate 7 is also sleeved on the external thread section. Anti-skid grooves are formed on the side surface of the backing plate 7 facing the rock stratum to be supported. The end of the hydraulic push rod 9 away from the closed liquid containing space is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the motor 10 through a coupling. An elastic buffer pad is arranged in the interior of the coupling.

[0064] The control signal input end of the motor 10 is connected with the first signal output end of the single-chip microcomputer 12 through the second signal transmission line 14. A metal protection tube is sleeved on the outside of the second signal transmission line 14. One end of the metal protection tube is fixed on the shell of the motor 10 by a tube clamp, and the other end is fixed on the outer wall of the protective shell 22 by a tube clamp. The single-chip microcomputer 12 is arranged in the interior of the protective shell 22. An L-shaped fixing bracket 23 is welded on the outer surface of the protective shell 22. An installation hole is formed in the end of the L-shaped fixing bracket 23 away from the protective shell 22. An expansion bolt is fixedly connected with the surface of the rock stratum to be supported through the installation hole.

[0065] The second signal output end of the single-chip microcomputer 12 is connected with the signal input end of the general control machine 16 through the third signal transmission line 15, the general control machine 16 is provided with a touch display interface on the shell, and is internally provided with a data storage module, a data processing module and an alarm module, three wire holes are formed in the side wall of the protective shell 22, the first signal transmission line 13, the second signal transmission line 14 and the third signal transmission line 15 pass through the wire holes respectively, and a rubber sealing sleeve 24 is arranged in each wire hole, the inner hole of the rubber sealing sleeve 24 is in interference fit with the outer diameter of the corresponding signal transmission line, and the outer circle is in interference fit with the hole wall of the wire hole;

[0066] The material of the energy absorption ring 25 is polyurethane elastomer, the Shore hardness of the energy absorption ring 25 is 70±5 Shore A, the depth of the annular positioning groove of the energy absorption ring 25 is matched with the height of the annular protrusion of the front end 2 of the hollow anchor rod body, and the energy absorption ring 25 has no axial movement after the protrusion is embedded in the groove, the curvature radii of the arc curved surfaces of the outer peripheral wall of the energy absorption ring 25 are consistent, and the curved surfaces are smooth and have no edges and corners;

[0067] The material of the pressure compensation capsule 28 is nitrile rubber, the wall thickness of the pressure compensation capsule 28 is uniform, and there is no pinhole or damage, the two ends of the pressure compensation capsule 28 are fixedly connected with the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6 and the hydraulic push rod 9 through stainless steel clamps, the inner peripheral wall of the clamp is attached to the outer wall of the pressure compensation capsule 28, and there is no liquid leakage after the clamp is tightened, the outer surface of the pressure compensation capsule 28 is wrapped with a polyimide protective film, and the protective film is fixed to the outer surface of the pressure compensation capsule 28 through a high-temperature resistant adhesive;

[0068] The surface of the buffer spring 29 is subjected to galvanizing passivation treatment, the adhesion grade of the passivation film is not less than 5B, and the pre-compression state of the buffer spring 29 is positioned by the installation position of the motor 10, and the compression amount of the buffer spring 29 remains stable after the motor 10 is fixed.

[0069] Working principle: the operation process of the system is developed around "installation-monitoring-regulation-tightening-data management", and each component cooperates to realize intelligent support, and the specific process is as follows:

[0070] Initial installation and pre-tightening stage:

[0071] First, the drill bit 1 is connected with the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 by thread, ensuring that the anti-over-tightening step of the inner threaded hole of the drill bit is in contact with the threaded end face of the hollow anchor rod body front end, avoiding damage to the thread by over-tightening. Then, the energy absorption ring 25 is sleeved on the annular protrusion of the hollow anchor rod body front end 2 and is fixed by interference fit and annular positioning groove to prevent axial movement of the energy absorption ring 25. After that, the assembled anchor rod body is implanted into the borehole in the rock stratum to be supported, so that the side of the base plate 7 (with anti-skid groove) facing the rock stratum is closely attached to the surface of the rock stratum. The initial anchoring force is applied by pre-tightening the nut 8 along the outer threaded section of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3. At this time, the hydraulic push rod 9 is pushed into the receiving cavity of the hollow anchor rod body rear end 3 under the action of the pre-compressed buffer spring 29, extruding the viscous liquid 17. The viscous liquid enters the hydraulic chamber 4 through the liquid passage 5, pushing the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6 to move towards the hollow anchor rod body front end 2. The first level sealing assembly 26 on the outer periphery of the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6 ensures that the hydraulic chamber is sealed and there is no leakage. The initial anchoring force is transmitted to the rock stratum through the hollow anchor rod body front and rear ends, completing the installation and pre-tightening.

[0072] Real-time monitoring and environmental control stage:

[0073] After the system is started, two types of sensors synchronously collect key data: the sensing end of the temperature sensor 19 extends into the interior of the hydraulic chamber 4 to detect the temperature in the hydraulic chamber in real time. The data is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer 12 through armored wire. The sensing end of the hydraulic sensing part 11 penetrates through the rod wall of the hydraulic push rod 9 and extends into the closed liquid containing space to detect the pressure of the viscous liquid 17 in real time. The data is transmitted to the single-chip microcomputer 12 through the first signal transmission line 13. The single-chip microcomputer 12 analyzes the temperature data: if the temperature is lower than 10℃, the heating sheet 18 is started by the third signal output end control. The heating sheet 18 quickly transmits heat to the hydraulic chamber 4 through the heat-conducting silicone grease layer, reducing the viscosity of the viscous liquid 17 and ensuring smooth hydraulic transmission. If the temperature is higher than 40℃, the heating sheet stops working. The ceramic coating 20 on the inner wall of the hollow anchor rod body front and rear ends plays a heat insulation role, reducing the transmission of external heat, preventing the oxidation of the viscous liquid 17. At the same time, the pressure compensation capsule 28 can stretch and contract with temperature changes or pressure fluctuations to compensate for the volume change of the viscous liquid 17. When the temperature rises, the capsule body contracts to avoid a sudden rise in pressure. When the temperature decreases, the capsule body expands to avoid a sudden drop in pressure, maintaining stable pressure in the sealed space. The solid lubricating grease on the inner wall of the self-lubricating guide sleeve 21 reduces the frictional resistance when the hydraulic push rod 9 slides, improving transmission efficiency.

[0074] Automatic fastening and data management stage:

[0075] The single-chip microcomputer 12 uploads the pressure and temperature data to the general control machine 16 through the third signal transmission line 15, the touch display interface of the general control machine displays the operation parameters of the single or multiple anchor rods in real time, the data storage module automatically records the historical data, facilitating the staff to trace and analyze, when the pressure data is lower than the set threshold, the general control machine 16 sends the supplementing instruction to the single-chip microcomputer 12, the single-chip microcomputer 12 controls the motor 10 to start through the first signal output end and the second signal transmission line 14, the motor output shaft drives the hydraulic push rod 9 to move axially along the self-lubricating guide sleeve 21 through the coupling with elastic buffer pads, further compresses the viscous liquid 17, the viscous liquid 17 enters the hydraulic chamber 4 through the liquid hole 5, pushes the hydraulic chamber partition plate 6 to move to the direction of the front end 2 of the hollow anchor rod body, through the cooperation of the front and rear ends of the hollow anchor rod body, the anchoring force on the rock stratum is increased, the automatic supplementing is realized, when the hydraulic sensing part 11 detects that the pressure is restored to the set value, the single-chip microcomputer 12 controls the motor 10 to stop, the supplementing process is ended, the buffer spring 29 absorbs the rock stratum vibration and motor impact in the supplementing process, avoiding the damage of the assembly, if the pressure abnormally rises or the temperature exceeds the standard, the alarm module of the general control machine 16 immediately triggers the sound and light alarm, reminding the staff to check, ensuring that the whole supporting system is safe and stable.

[0076] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the devices or elements indicated must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise specifically limited.

[0077] The above is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto, any person skilled in the art can make equivalent replacement or change within the technical range disclosed by the present application according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present application, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A hydraulic-based intelligent anchor bolt real-time fastening and monitoring system, comprising a drill bit (1), characterized in that, One end of the drill bit (1) is threadedly connected to the front end (2) of the hollow anchor rod body. The front end (2) of the hollow anchor rod body is a hollow rod-shaped structure. An energy absorption ring (25) is fitted on its outer peripheral wall near the drill bit (1). The inner peripheral wall of the energy absorption ring (25) is press-fitted with the outer peripheral wall of the front end (2) of the hollow anchor rod body. An annular positioning groove is formed on the inner peripheral wall of the energy absorption ring (25). The positioning groove is aligned with the outer peripheral wall of the front end (2) of the hollow anchor rod body. The annular protrusion is adapted, and the outer peripheral wall of the energy absorption ring (25) is an arc-shaped curved surface. The inner wall of the front end (2) of the hollow anchor body is covered with a ceramic coating (20). The ceramic coating (20) is a gradient structure, including an inner metal bonding layer and an outer ceramic layer. The metal bonding layer is completely attached to the inner wall of the front end (2) of the hollow anchor body. The ceramic layer covers the side of the metal bonding layer away from the inner wall, and the ceramic coating (20) extends from one end of the front end (2) of the hollow anchor body to the other end. The hollow anchor body front end (2) is welded to the outer wall of the end away from the drill bit (1) and the outer wall of the welded joint between the hollow anchor body front end (2) and the hydraulic chamber (4) is wrapped with high temperature resistant sealant. The hydraulic chamber (4) is a cylindrical structure with open ends and heating plates (18) are evenly distributed along the circumferential direction on the outer wall of the hydraulic chamber (4). The heating plates (18) are arc-shaped and fit the curvature of the outer wall of the hydraulic chamber (4). A thermally conductive silicone grease layer is provided between the heating plates (18) and the outer wall of the hydraulic chamber (4). Two temperature sensors (19) are fixedly distributed along the axial direction on the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber (4), and the distance between the two temperature sensors (19) is one-third of the length of the hydraulic chamber (4). The sensing end of the temperature sensor (19) extends through the wall of the hydraulic chamber (4) to its internal cavity, and the signal output end of the temperature sensor (19) is connected to the second signal input end of the microcontroller (12) through the armored wire. The internal cavity of the hydraulic chamber (4) is provided with a matching plate-shaped hydraulic chamber partition (6), and an annular sealing groove is provided on the outer peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber partition (6). A first-stage sealing component (26) is embedded in the annular sealing groove. The first-stage sealing component (26) includes an O-ring and a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) retainer ring, and the PTFE retainer ring is located on both sides of the O-ring. The outer peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber partition (6) is slidably sealed to the inner peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber (4) through the first-stage sealing component (26). The hydraulic silo partition (6) is fixedly connected to the rear end (3) of the hollow anchor body on the outer wall away from the front end (2) of the hollow anchor body. The rear end (3) of the hollow anchor body is a hollow rod-shaped structure. Its inner wall is covered with a ceramic coating (20) with the same structure as the inner wall of the front end (2) of the hollow anchor body. The ceramic coating (20) extends to the connection surface between the rear end (3) of the hollow anchor body and the hydraulic silo partition (6). A liquid passage hole (5) is opened through one side of the rod wall of the rear end (3) of the hollow anchor rod body. One end of the liquid passage hole (5) is connected to the internal hollow area of ​​the rear end (3) of the hollow anchor rod body, and the other end is connected to the internal cavity of the hydraulic chamber (4). A self-lubricating guide sleeve (21) with an annular structure is fixed on the inner wall of the rear end (3) of the hollow anchor rod body away from the hydraulic chamber partition (6). An annular oil groove is opened on the inner wall of the self-lubricating guide sleeve (21), and the annular oil groove is filled with solid grease. The outer peripheral wall of the self-lubricating guide sleeve (21) is press-fitted with the inner wall of the rear end (3) of the hollow anchor rod body. The inner peripheral wall is a polished smooth surface. The hollow area inside the rear end (3) of the hollow anchor rod body forms a cavity, and the cavity is filled with viscous liquid (17). A pressure compensation bladder (28) is fixedly provided on the inner wall of the cavity. The pressure compensation bladder (28) is a flexible rubber bladder. One end of the bladder is fixedly connected to the surface of the hydraulic chamber partition (6) away from the front end (2) of the hollow anchor rod body, and the other end is fixedly connected to the top end face of the hydraulic push rod (9). The pressure compensation bladder (28) surrounds the outside of the liquid passage hole (5). The hydraulic push rod (9) is inserted into the cavity along the axial direction of the rear end (3) of the hollow anchor rod body, and the rod body of the hydraulic push rod (9) slides with the inner peripheral wall of the self-lubricating guide sleeve (21). The top end face of the hydraulic push rod (9) is provided with a sealing groove, and a second-level sealing component (27) is embedded in the sealing groove. The second-level sealing component (27) is a combined sealing ring, including a main sealing lip and an auxiliary dustproof lip. The top end face of the hydraulic push rod (9) is in contact with the inner wall of the cavity of the rear end (3) of the hollow anchor rod body through the second-level sealing component (27). The top end face of the hydraulic push rod (9), the pressure compensation bladder (28), and the hydraulic chamber partition (6) together form a closed liquid containment space. The viscous liquid (17) is completely filled in the closed liquid containment space, and no air bubbles remain during the filling process. A buffer spring (29) is fitted on the body of the hydraulic push rod (9). One end of the buffer spring (29) abuts against the surface of the self-lubricating guide sleeve (21) away from the hydraulic chamber partition (6), and the other end abuts against the housing of the motor (10). The buffer spring (29) is in a pre-compressed state. A hydraulic sensor (11) is fixed on the body of the hydraulic push rod (9) by bolts. The sensing end of the hydraulic sensor (11) extends through the rod wall of the hydraulic push rod (9) into the closed liquid containment space. The signal output end of the hydraulic sensor (11) is connected to the first signal input end of the microcontroller (12) through the first signal transmission line (13). The first signal transmission line (13) extends along the body of the hydraulic push rod (9) and is fixed on the rod wall of the hydraulic push rod (9) by metal clamps. The outer surface of the section of the hollow anchor rod (3) away from the hydraulic chamber (4) is machined with external threads, and a nut (8) is threaded on the external thread section. A pad (7) is also fitted on the external thread section. The pad (7) has an anti-slip groove on the side of the rock layer to be supported. The end of the hydraulic push rod (9) away from the closed liquid containment space is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor (10) through a coupling. An elastic buffer pad is provided inside the coupling. The control signal input terminal of the motor (10) is connected to the first signal output terminal of the microcontroller (12) through the second signal transmission line (14). The second signal transmission line (14) is covered with a metal protective tube. One end of the metal protective tube is fixed to the outer shell of the motor (10) by a pipe clamp, and the other end is fixed to the outer wall of the protective shell (22) by a pipe clamp. The microcontroller (12) is located inside the protective shell (22). An L-shaped fixing bracket (23) is welded to the outer surface of the protective shell (22). An installation hole is opened at the end of the L-shaped fixing bracket (23) away from the protective shell (22). After the expansion bolt passes through the installation hole, it is fixedly connected to the surface of the rock layer to be supported.

2. The hydraulic-based intelligent anchor bolt real-time fastening and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the end of the hollow anchor rod body (2) connected to the drill bit (1) is machined with an external thread, and the drill bit (1) is provided with an internal thread hole at the end facing the hollow anchor rod body (2). The thread angle and pitch of the internal thread hole are consistent with the parameters of the external thread of the hollow anchor rod body (2), and the bottom of the internal thread hole is provided with an anti-over-tightening step, which is adapted to the thread end face of the hollow anchor rod body (2).

3. The hydraulic-based intelligent anchor bolt real-time fastening and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the heating element (18) is covered with an insulating ceramic film, which completely covers the outer surface of the heating element (18). The control terminal of the heating element (18) is connected to the third signal output terminal of the microcontroller (12) through a high-temperature resistant wire. The outer layer of the high-temperature resistant wire is wrapped with a glass fiber braided layer. The thermal grease layer completely fills the gap between the heating element (18) and the outer wall of the hydraulic chamber (4), and the edge of the thermal grease layer does not exceed the edge range of the heating element (18).

4. The hydraulic-based intelligent anchor bolt real-time fastening and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The metal bonding layer of the ceramic coating (20) is made of nickel-chromium alloy and is bonded to the inner wall of the front end (2) and rear end (3) of the hollow anchor body by plasma spraying. The ceramic layer is made of zirconium oxide toughened alumina ceramic. The ceramic coating (20) on the inner wall of the front end (2) and rear end (3) of the hollow anchor body forms a continuous transition plane at the connection position between the hydraulic chamber (4) and the front end (2) of the hollow anchor body. This plane is flush with the inner wall of the hydraulic chamber (4).

5. The hydraulic-based intelligent anchor bolt real-time fastening and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The O-ring of the first-stage sealing assembly (26) is made of fluororubber. The cross-sectional diameter of the O-ring is adapted to the depth of the annular sealing groove. The thickness of the polytetrafluoroethylene retaining ring is consistent with the cross-sectional diameter of the O-ring. The inner hole of the retaining ring fits against the outer peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber partition (6), and the outer circle fits against the inner peripheral wall of the hydraulic chamber (4). The width of the annular sealing groove of the hydraulic chamber partition (6) is adapted to the overall width of the first-stage sealing assembly (26). There is no obvious loosening after the sealing assembly is embedded.

6. The hydraulic-based intelligent anchor bolt real-time fastening and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rubber sealing sleeve (24) is made of nitrile rubber. The axial length of the rubber sealing sleeve (24) is consistent with the side wall thickness of the protective shell (22). The inner wall of the rubber sealing sleeve (24) is provided with annular anti-slip texture. The anti-slip texture fits with the outer sheath of the corresponding signal transmission line to prevent the signal transmission line from moving along the axial direction.

7. The hydraulic-based intelligent anchor bolt real-time fastening and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second signal output terminal of the microcontroller (12) is connected to the signal input terminal of the main control unit (16) through the third signal transmission line (15). The main control unit (16) has a touch display interface on its outer shell and a data storage module, a data processing module and an alarm module inside. The protective shell (22) has three wire holes on its side wall for the first signal transmission line (13), the second signal transmission line (14) and the third signal transmission line (15) to pass through respectively. Each wire hole is provided with a rubber sealing sleeve (24). The inner hole of the rubber sealing sleeve (24) is interference-fitted with the outer diameter of the corresponding signal transmission line, and the outer circle is interference-fitted with the hole wall of the wire hole.

8. The hydraulic-based intelligent anchor bolt real-time fastening and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy absorption ring (25) is made of polyurethane elastomer and has a Shore hardness of 70±5 Shore A. The depth of the annular positioning groove of the energy absorption ring (25) is matched with the height of the annular protrusion at the front end (2) of the hollow anchor rod. After the protrusion is embedded in the groove, the energy absorption ring (25) does not move axially. The radius of curvature of the arc-shaped surface of the outer peripheral wall of the energy absorption ring (25) is consistent, and the surface transition is smooth without sharp edges.

9. The hydraulic-based intelligent anchor bolt real-time fastening and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure compensation bladder (28) is made of nitrile rubber. The wall thickness of the pressure compensation bladder (28) is uniform and there are no pinholes or damage. The two ends of the pressure compensation bladder (28) are fixedly connected to the hydraulic chamber partition (6) and the hydraulic push rod (9) respectively by stainless steel clamps. The inner circumferential wall of the clamp is in contact with the outer wall of the pressure compensation bladder (28), and there is no liquid leakage after the clamp is tightened. The outer surface of the pressure compensation bladder (28) is wrapped with a polyimide protective film, and the protective film is fixed to the outer surface of the pressure compensation bladder (28) by a high temperature resistant adhesive.

10. The hydraulic-based intelligent anchor bolt real-time fastening and monitoring system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the buffer spring (29) is galvanized and passivated. The adhesion level of the passivation film is not less than 5B. The pre-compression state of the buffer spring (29) is positioned by the installation position of the motor (10). After the motor (10) is fixed, the compression amount of the buffer spring (29) remains stable.

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