A slope spraying and seeding vegetation protection device based on microbial mineralization

Abstract

The application discloses a slope spraying and planting vegetation protection device based on microbial mineralization and relates to the technical field of slope reinforcement.The device comprises a rack, a spraying assembly and a moving assembly are arranged on the rack, a pushing assembly and a driving piece are further arranged on the rack, the pushing assembly is used for ironing the slope surface sprayed with the bacterial solution, the bacterial solution is used for generating a carbonate cementation layer with the matrix soil of the slope surface, the pushing assembly is further used for uniformly opening planting holes in the slope surface and sowing grass seeds into the planting holes, the planting holes are used for providing a carrier for grass seed germination and changing the thickness of the carbonate cementation layer at the position of the planting holes, and the driving piece is used for driving the pushing assembly to iron the slope surface and synchronously open the planting holes in the slope surface, so as to reduce the uneven damage of the grass seed germination stage to the calcium carbonate precipitation layer and further cause the mechanical property degradation of the calcium carbonate precipitation layer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of slope reinforcement, and in particular to a slope surface spray-seeding vegetation protection device based on microbial mineralization. BACKGROUND

[0002] Slope stability is a key issue in geotechnical and geological engineering. Traditional slope reinforcement techniques mainly include anchor support, retaining structure, grouting and curing, and vegetation protection. Although these methods are widely used, they still have limitations, such as high material cost, high energy consumption, complex construction, and poor environmental compatibility. In particular, in ecologically sensitive areas, traditional methods can cause secondary environmental disturbance. Therefore, in recent years, slope reinforcement technology based on Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation (MICP) has attracted widespread attention from academia and engineering as a green and sustainable geotechnical improvement method.

[0003] MICP technology utilizes the metabolic activity of specific microorganisms (such as Sporosarcina pasteurii) to decompose urea through enzymatic reaction to produce carbonate ions, and forms calcium carbonate precipitates in the presence of calcium ions. These precipitates can effectively fill soil pores and cement particles, thereby improving the mechanical strength, stiffness, and erosion resistance of the soil. The biochemical process mainly depends on the catalytic hydrolysis of urea by urease to generate ammonium ions and bicarbonate ions, followed by the conversion of bicarbonate ions to carbonate ions in an alkaline environment, and the combination of free calcium ions to form calcite crystals. This process is regulated by multiple factors such as microbial activity, solution chemistry conditions, temperature, and soil permeability.

[0004] Meanwhile, during actual application, grass seeds (such as tall fescue) can also be sown simultaneously to form an interwoven root-soil complex with the vegetation roots. In the prior art, the commonly used grass seed sowing scheme is to sow grass seeds at the same time as spraying microbial liquid. The MICP technology induces calcium carbonate precipitation, which is a relatively short process, and is often completed in one to three days at suitable temperatures. A calcium carbonate precipitation layer with certain reinforcement effect is formed on the slope surface. However, during the grass seed germination stage, the grass seed sowing position is random, making the damage position of the calcium carbonate precipitation layer uncontrollable during the grass seed germination process, which may cause the mechanical properties of the calcium carbonate precipitation layer to deteriorate, affect the load distribution of the adhesive layer, and further cause progressive damage, affecting the reinforcement effect of the slope. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide a slope surface spray-seeding vegetation protection device based on microbial mineralization to solve the above problems.

[0006] The present application is achieved by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A slope hydroseeding and vegetation protection device based on microbial mineralization includes a frame, on which a spraying component and a moving component are mounted. The spraying component is used to spray a bacterial solution onto the slope surface. The frame is also equipped with a pushing component and a driving component. The moving component is used to move the frame along the slope direction and aspect. The pushing component is used to smooth the slope surface sprayed with the bacterial solution. The bacterial solution is used to form a carbonate cementing layer with the substrate soil of the slope surface. The pushing component is also used to uniformly open planting holes on the slope surface and sow grass seeds into the planting holes. The planting holes are used to provide a carrier for grass seed germination and to change the thickness of the carbonate cementing layer at the position of the planting holes. The driving component is used to drive the pushing component to smooth the slope surface and cooperate in opening planting holes on the slope surface. This solution, through the design of the feeding component, guides the germination position of grass seeds by creating planting holes, which effectively reduces irregular damage to the carbonate cementing layer after grass seed germination, thereby reducing the probability of irregular damage accelerating the failure of the carbonate cementing layer.

[0008] Furthermore, the pushing assembly includes several turntables rotatably connected to the moving assembly. Each turntable has several hollow spikes on its side near the slope, evenly arranged circumferentially. These spikes are used to create planting holes on the slope. Each spike's output end has an opening / closing component, which opens when the output end enters the slope and closes when it leaves. The driving component drives the turntable to rotate. The turntable also has a transmission component that transfers the kinetic energy of the turntable to the spikes. This transmission component also intermittently disengages the spikes from the turntable after the kinetic energy is transferred. Through the design of the spikes, this solution, compared to existing technologies, can simultaneously level the bacterial solution and create planting holes, reducing worker involvement in later stages of construction and thus lowering construction risks.

[0009] Furthermore, the transmission assembly includes a piston, and the sidewall of the piston away from the nail teeth forms a first chamber with the turntable. A spring is provided in the first chamber to limit the position of the nail teeth. A second chamber is formed in the turntable, and several elastic plates are provided in the second chamber. The elastic modulus of the elastic plates is greater than that of the springs. The sidewall of the elastic plates away from the axis of the second chamber forms several sub-chambers with adjacent sidewalls. The sub-chambers communicate with the adjacent first chamber. A main shaft is provided in the second chamber, and the main shaft is coaxially arranged with the turntable. A reduction assembly is provided on the main shaft to change the magnitude of the torque transmitted from the turntable to the main shaft. Several rollers are provided in the second chamber, and the main shaft drives the rollers to move circumferentially around the main shaft. The rollers are used to squeeze the elastic plates. In this solution, the kinetic energy of the turntable is transferred to the nail teeth through the design of elastic plates, thereby driving the nail teeth to reciprocate. Compared with the existing technology, the resistance encountered by the nail teeth during the insertion of the nail teeth into the soil has a smaller impact on the overall transmission component. It is less likely that the transmission component will be damaged due to the large difference in resistance encountered by different nail teeth.

[0010] Furthermore, the opening and closing component includes a ball bearing rotatably connected to the nail teeth. The ball bearing has several slots on its sidewall for transporting the grass seeds inside the nail teeth into the planting hole. Compared to existing technologies, the ball bearing used in this solution experiences less soil resistance, reducing the likelihood of soil obstructing the opening and closing of the component.

[0011] Furthermore, the spraying assembly includes a storage tank, which is connected to a first pump assembly, which is connected to a plurality of nozzles. The storage tank is used to store the bacterial solution, and the nozzles are used to spray the bacterial solution onto the slope.

[0012] Furthermore, the system also includes a control system. This control system receives slope parameters input by the user and collects the temperature field of the slope surface. Based on the temperature field, the control system determines the location of the planting holes and calculates the density of the planting holes based on the location and the slope parameters. When the density of the planting holes is not greater than a preset minimum value or not less than a preset maximum value, the density is considered unsatisfactory. The control system adjusts the power of the drive component until the density of the planting holes is between the preset minimum and maximum values. The control system then instructs the drive component to maintain its operating power. Compared to existing technologies, this solution, through the design of the control system, enables the monitoring of the density of the planted planting holes and allows for adjustments when the density does not meet requirements. This prevents the planting holes from being too sparse, affecting the vegetation reinforcement effect, or too dense, affecting the normal growth of grass seeds.

[0013] Furthermore, the control system is also used to collect the volume of the bacterial solution in the storage tank, calculate the flow rate of the bacterial solution sprayed per unit time based on the volume of the bacterial solution, and control the operation of the first pump assembly based on the flow rate and temperature field. Compared with the prior art, this solution monitors the volume of the remaining bacterial solution in the storage tank in real time to monitor the amount of bacterial solution sprayed per unit area of ​​the slope, and adjusts the amount of bacterial solution sprayed in real time based on the monitoring results, avoiding poor reinforcement effect due to insufficient bacterial solution or waste due to excessive bacterial solution.

[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a temperature control component, which comprises a refrigeration component, a cooling pipe, and several main flow pipes located inside the turntable. Several branch pipes are also located inside the turntable, with both ends of each branch pipe connected to an adjacent main flow pipe. The main flow pipe and the branch pipes form a Tesla valve structure. Both ends of all the main flow pipes are connected to the cooling pipes. A solenoid valve is installed at the connection point between the main flow pipe and the cooling pipe. The solenoid valve is used to change the flow direction of the coolant inside the main flow pipe. The refrigeration component is used to change the temperature inside the cooling pipe, and the cooling pipe is wound around the refrigeration component. The cooling pipe contains coolant and is connected to a second pump assembly, which drives the flow of the coolant. In this solution, the temperature control component is designed to adjust the flow rate of the coolant by changing the flow direction in the main flow pipe, thereby adapting to different construction environments.

[0015] Furthermore, the control system is also used to receive the active temperature range of the bacterial solution input by the user, and calculate the difference between the average temperature of the slope and the active temperature range based on the temperature field, and control the second pump assembly to operate based on the difference. In this solution, by determining whether the slope temperature has an adverse effect on the activity of microorganisms, and when the slope temperature has an adverse effect on the activity of microorganisms, the second pump assembly is controlled to operate to adjust the slope temperature to a certain extent, thereby reducing the adverse effect of the slope temperature on microorganisms.

[0016] Furthermore, the coolant is made of a phase change material. Compared to existing technologies, phase change materials can absorb heat through latent heat. During the phase change process, they absorb a large amount of heat to prevent sudden changes in coolant temperature, thereby preventing sudden changes in the turntable temperature, which could trigger stress responses or cause microbial death, thus affecting the formation of carbonate cement and consequently the slope reinforcement effect.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0018] 1. In this invention, the design of nails and other components allows for simultaneous sowing of grass seeds while spraying the bacterial solution, effectively reducing the degree of human involvement in the slope reinforcement process. After the bacterial solution is sprayed, the action of microorganisms creates a carbonate cementing layer on the slope surface, thus providing initial slope reinforcement. Simultaneously, the byproducts of the microorganisms provide nutrients for the germination of the grass seeds. As the grass seeds take root, their roots and the carbonate cementing layer form an interwoven root-soil complex, further reinforcing the slope and improving its stability. Compared to existing technologies, this solution has a lower degree of human involvement during construction, and the opening of the planting holes guides vegetation germination, preventing irregular damage to the carbonate cementing layer and thus avoiding slope instability caused by irregular damage to the carbonate cementing layer during vegetation germination.

[0019] 2. In addition, the present invention also uses the design of elastic plates, etc. Compared with the prior art, when the resistance applied to the nail teeth by the slope is different, the present solution can buffer the nail teeth by the deformation of the elastic plates, so as to avoid the nail teeth from damaging the transmission components and thus affecting the service life of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the movable frame portion of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a top view of the turntable in this invention;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a front view of the turntable in this invention;

[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 3 Cross-sectional view along the AA direction;

[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction;

[0027] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view along the CC direction;

[0028] Figure 8 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of point D in the middle;

[0029] Figure 9 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of point E in the middle.

[0030] The reference numerals in the attached drawings represent: 1. Frame; 11. Moving frame; 12. Fixed frame; 2. Moving assembly; 21. Diesel engine; 22. Tracked chassis; 23. Hydraulic cylinder; 24. Moving plate; 3. Pushing assembly; 31. Turntable; 32. Planetary gear; 321. Sun gear; 322. Planetary carrier; 323. Gear ring; 33. Spike tooth; 331. Ball bearing; 332. Spring; 333. Piston; 34. Elastic plate; 35. Main shaft; 36. Connecting plate; 37. Roller; 38. Filler channel; 381. Elastic sheet; 4. Drive component; 5. Spraying assembly; 51. Storage tank; 52. Spray nozzle; 6. Main pipe; 61. Branch pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. It should be noted that this invention is already in the actual research and development stage.

[0032] Example 1

[0033] like Figures 1 to 9 As shown, this embodiment includes a frame 1, which includes a movable frame 11. Fixed frames 12 are hinged to both ends of the movable frame 11. A hydraulic cylinder 23 is hinged to any one of the fixed frames 12, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 23 is hinged to the movable frame 11. The frame 1 is equipped with a spraying assembly 5 and a movable assembly 2. The movable frame 11 is also equipped with a pushing assembly 3 and a driving component 4. The movable assembly 2 is used to drive the frame 1 to move along the slope direction and gradient, thereby driving the spraying assembly 5, the pushing assembly 3, and the driving component 4 to move along the slope direction and gradient. In this embodiment, the movable assembly 2 includes a track... The system includes a chassis 22, a diesel engine 21, and a track. The tracked chassis 22 is bolted to a fixed frame 12 equipped with a hydraulic cylinder 23, and the diesel engine 21 is bolted to the fixed frame 12. The output end of the diesel engine 21 is connected to the tracked chassis 22 for transmission. The track is mounted on a movable frame 11, and the movable frame 11 is also bolted to a winch (not shown in the figure). The winch's wire rope is welded to a movable plate 24, and the movable plate 24 near the movable frame 11 is bolted to several pulleys, which are mounted on the track.

[0034] The spraying assembly 5 is used to spray bacterial solution onto the slope surface. In this embodiment, the microorganism playing a major role in solidification in the bacterial solution is *Pasteurella multocida*. The spraying assembly 5 includes a storage tank 51, which is connected to a first pump assembly. In this embodiment, the first pump assembly is a water pump. The output end of the first pump assembly has several nozzles 52. The storage tank 51 and the nozzles 52 are fixedly connected to the side wall of the moving plate 24 away from the moving frame 11 by bolts. The storage tank 51 is used to store the bacterial solution, and the nozzles 52 are used to spray the bacterial solution onto the slope surface. The frame 1 is also equipped with a material pushing assembly 3. The pusher assembly 3 is used to smooth the slope surface sprayed with the bacterial solution. The bacterial solution is used to form a carbonate cementing layer with the substrate soil of the slope surface. The pusher assembly 3 is also used to evenly open planting holes on the slope surface and sow grass seeds into the planting holes. The planting holes are used to provide a carrier for grass seed germination and to change the thickness of the carbonate cementing layer at the position of the planting holes. The pusher assembly 4 is used to drive the pusher assembly 3 to smooth the slope surface and to cooperate in opening planting holes on the slope surface. The pusher assembly 4 is an electric motor, and the electric motor is fixedly connected to the moving plate 24 by bolts.

[0035] The feeding assembly 3 includes several turntables 31. The output end of the driving component 4 is connected to the adjacent turntable 31 via a coupling. The turntable 31 is rotatably connected to the moving plate 24. The turntable 31 has several hollow nail teeth 33 on the side near the slope. The nail teeth 33 are evenly arranged around the turntable 31. The nail teeth 33 are used to open planting holes on the slope. The output end of the nail teeth 33 is provided with an opening and closing component. In this embodiment, the output end is opened at the end of the nail teeth 33. The opening and closing component is used to open after the output end of the nail teeth 33 enters the slope and to close after the output end of the nail teeth 33 leaves the slope. The opening and closing component includes a ball bearing 331. The ball bearing 331 is rotatably engaged with the output end of the nail teeth 33. The side wall of the ball bearing 331 has several slots. The slots are used to transport the grass seeds inside the nail teeth 33 to the planting holes.

[0036] The output end of the drive component 4 is connected to the turntable 31 for transmission. The turntable 31 is also provided with a transmission component. The transmission component is also used to transmit the kinetic energy of the turntable 31 to the nail tooth 33. The transmission component is also used to intermittently drive the nail tooth 33 to disengage from the turntable 31 after the kinetic energy is transmitted to the nail tooth 33.

[0037] The transmission assembly includes a piston 333, and the side wall of the piston 333 away from the nail tooth 33 forms a first chamber with the turntable 31. A spring 332 is provided in the first chamber to limit the position of the nail tooth 33. The end of the spring 332 near the piston 333 is bonded to the piston 333, and the end of the spring 332 away from the piston 333 is welded to the nail tooth 33. A second chamber is formed inside the turntable 31, and several elastic plates 34 are provided in the second chamber. The elastic modulus of the elastic plates 34 is greater than that of the spring 332. The side wall of the elastic plate 34 away from the axis of the turntable 31 includes a fitting part and a deformation part. The fitting part is bonded to the adjacent side wall, and the top and bottom ends of the deformation part are bonded to the side wall of the second chamber. The remaining part of the deformation part forms several sub-chambers with the second chamber. Each sub-chamber contains liquid; in this embodiment, the liquid is water, but it can also be adjusted to a low-concentration, mild, biodegradable surfactant solution for the slope, depending on the actual construction environment. The solution will not have a serious impact on the soil environment. The sub-chamber is connected to the adjacent first chamber. The second chamber is equipped with a main shaft 35, which is coaxially arranged with the turntable 31. A reduction gear assembly is provided on the main shaft 35. The reduction gear assembly is used to change the speed transmitted from the turntable 31 to the main shaft 35. In this embodiment, the reduction gear assembly is a planetary gear 32. The ring gear 323 of the planetary gear 32 is welded and fixed to the moving plate 24. The sun gear 321 of the planetary gear 32 is connected to the drive... The output end of the moving part 4 is coaxially welded and fixed. The planet carrier 322 of the planetary gear 32 is coaxially welded and fixed to the main shaft 35. The main shaft 35 is coaxially welded and fixed to a connecting plate 36. Several rollers 37 are welded and fixed to the bottom wall of the connecting plate 36. The distance between the outer wall of the roller 37 and the side wall of the second chamber is slightly less than the thickness of the elastic plate 34 when it is not subjected to external force in its natural state. The main shaft 35 is used to drive the rollers 37 to move around the main shaft 35 in a circumferential direction. The rollers 37 are used to squeeze the elastic plate 34.

[0038] The specific implementation method is as follows: Before using this device, select a suitable bacterial solution and inject it into the storage tank 51. Fill the nail teeth 33 with grass seeds. When the selected grass seeds are spindle-shaped or other shapes that are not easy to roll, slow-release fertilizer can be wrapped on the surface of the grass seeds before filling, so that the grass seeds are closer to a spherical or rugby ball shape.

[0039] Before use, the device is installed on the slope to be reinforced using hoisting equipment. The bottom of the turntable 31 is rotated to a position parallel to the slope by the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 23. Then, the device is started, and the first pump assembly operates. The bacterial solution in the storage tank 51 is sprayed onto the slope through the nozzle 52. At the same time, the drive component 4 operates, driving the turntable 31 to rotate. During the rotation of the turntable 31, the slope is smoothed and the bacterial solution on the slope is pushed apart so that the bacterial solution can be distributed more evenly on the slope to form a bacterial solution layer.

[0040] As the turntable 31 rotates, the torque generated by the drive component 4 is transmitted to the main shaft 35 through the planetary gear 32. Due to the design of the planetary gear 32, there is a difference in angular velocity between the main shaft 35 and the turntable 31, which causes relative rotation between the turntable 31 and the main shaft 35. As the relative rotation occurs, the main shaft 35 drives the roller 37 to rotate through the connecting rod. As the roller 37 rotates on the side wall of the second chamber, the roller 37 gradually presses different positions of the elastic plate 34. As roller 37 gradually approaches the bonding part, it gradually squeezes the sub-chamber corresponding to the bonding part, causing the volume of the sub-chamber to decrease. The liquid inside the sub-chamber enters the first chamber connected to it. The liquid entering the first chamber pushes piston 333 towards the slope. As the distance between roller 37 and the bonding part decreases, the amount of liquid entering the first chamber increases. When roller 37 covers the connection between the first chamber and the sub-chamber, piston 333 reaches its limit position. When roller 37 passes the connection between the first chamber and the sub-chamber, elastic plate 34 rebounds, creating negative pressure in the sub-chamber. Under the action of air pressure, liquid in the first chamber gradually enters the sub-chamber and drives piston 333 to gradually return to its original position.

[0041] In the above process, as piston 333 moves towards the slope, it pushes spring 332 and nail teeth 33 to move. Nail teeth 33 enter the soil, forming planting holes and disrupting the bacterial sap layer at the corresponding positions. Because turntable 31 rotates synchronously, it drives piston 333 to rotate. However, nail teeth 33, due to soil resistance, cannot rotate synchronously. Therefore, piston 333 and nail teeth 33 pull spring 332, causing nail teeth 33 to tilt under the elastic force of spring 332. Subsequently, piston 333 returns to its original position, and spring 332 drives nail teeth 33 to return to their original position. Nail teeth 33 remain tilted due to soil resistance. Throughout this process, due to the elastic force of spring 332 and soil resistance, nail teeth 33 remain tilted during movement, resulting in planting holes with inclined arc-shaped sides.

[0042] During the formation of the planting hole, the inclined nail teeth 33 push the soil out of the planting hole and accumulate it around the hole opening. As the turntable 31 rotates, most of the soil carrying the bacterial liquid is spread onto the slope, and a small part follows the turntable 31 into the adjacent planting hole to cover the grass seeds in the planting hole.

[0043] Simultaneously, as the nail teeth 33 move, after the nail teeth 33 enter the soil, due to the resistance of the soil, the ball bearings 331 roll along the bottom wall of the planting hole. During the rolling process, under the action of gravity, the grass seeds gradually enter the groove. As the ball bearings 331 roll, the grass seeds reach the planting hole and adhere to the bottom wall of the planting hole. In the above process, the grass seeds enter the groove and then adhere to the side wall of the support hole. The distance that the relative movement of the nail teeth 33 is the same. Thus, the operator can adjust the size of the ball bearings before operation to adapt to the planting needs of different varieties of grass seeds and the construction needs of different slope reinforcement.

[0044] Subsequently, the operator can operate the diesel engine 21, which drives the device to continue moving along the slope direction via the tracked chassis 22. At the same time, the operator changes the position of the moving plate 24 by using a winch, thereby changing the position of the turntable 31 to achieve reinforcement along the slope direction.

[0045] After construction, due to factors such as pore water pressure, pore water and bacterial solution around the planting holes diffuse into the holes. At this time, the concentration of bacterial solution in the planting holes and surrounding soil decreases. During the microbial slope stabilization process, microorganisms in the bacterial solution secrete urease to hydrolyze urea, forming carbonate ions. The carbonate ions react with Mg²⁺ or Ca²⁺ in the bacterial solution to form carbonate minerals, which are deposited in the soil pores, forming a carbonate cement layer, thus achieving initial soil reinforcement. In the above process, because there is less bacterial solution and lower microbial density at the planting hole location, the rate at which microorganisms secrete urease at this location is slower than at other locations, resulting in a thinner or less hard carbonate cement layer formed at this location compared to other locations.

[0046] As the maintenance period progresses, the byproducts of microbial fixation on the slope, such as products containing ammonia nitrogen produced by urea hydrolysis, provide nutrients for the germination of grass seeds, thereby promoting seed germination.

[0047] Meanwhile, the opening of planting holes can reduce the loss of grass seeds caused by heavy rainfall during the maintenance process. Furthermore, since the content of bacterial solution at the planting hole location is relatively low, it can also prevent various salts in the bacterial solution from entering the soil in the early stages of maintenance using traditional construction methods, which would cause a decrease in osmotic potential and thus cause osmotic stress to the plants, thereby affecting the germination of grass seeds.

[0048] As the grass seeds take root, and their root system forms an interwoven root-soil complex with the carbonate cementing layer, it further reinforces the slope. Subsequently, the grass seeds germinate. Since grass seed germination tends to break through the soil barrier with minimal energy loss, that is, seedlings often choose to germinate in locations with less resistance and lower hardness, under the action of integrin-like proteins, grass seeds are more likely to break through the carbonate cementing layer from the planting hole and germinate from that location.

[0049] Because the nail teeth 33 are evenly distributed, the vegetation holes opened by the device in a single operation are also evenly distributed. This makes the damage of grass seeds to the carbonate cementing layer more uniform. Compared with the scheme where grass seeds are randomly distributed, the damage pattern of grass seed germination to the carbonate cementing layer in this scheme is controllable. This reduces the degree of random tearing of the carbonate cementing layer caused by the spread of damage, thereby improving the stability of the slope during vegetation maintenance and avoiding slope instability and collapse or severe soil erosion on the slope surface during maintenance, which would lead to the deterioration of the vegetation growth environment and affect grass seed germination.

[0050] Meanwhile, compared to existing technologies that involve drilling planting holes into the slope surface after spraying the bacterial solution and placing soil aggregates mixed with plant seeds or stalks into these holes to solidify the slope through microorganisms and plants, this technique, while reducing the probability of irregular tearing of the carbonate cement layer during vegetation germination due to the creation of planting holes after bacterial spraying, also results in damage to the carbonate cement layer in the early stages of vegetation maintenance, before the vegetation has taken root, leaving the planting holes incomplete. Without effective reinforcement measures, as the maintenance time increases, the soil aggregates inside the planting holes are easily eroded by rainwater, affecting the germination of grass seeds. At the same time, stress is more likely to concentrate at the edges of the planting holes, causing damage to the carbonate cementing layer around the planting holes. Furthermore, when the soil aggregates are eroded, rainwater entering the planting holes may also cause internal erosion of the slope, forming holes below the carbonate cementing layer and accelerating its collapse. Moreover, the above-mentioned solutions are complicated to operate, requiring workers to perform high-altitude operations during drilling and transplanting, which has a high risk factor.

[0051] This method allows for immediate opening of planting holes after the bacterial solution is sprayed, requiring minimal manual intervention and eliminating the need for workers to operate at heights, thus enhancing construction safety. Furthermore, the resulting carbonate cement layer, formed between construction and the rooting stage, remains intact, reducing the probability of rainwater erosion of the slope through the planting holes. This prevents severe erosion or collapse before the grass seeds take root, effectively improving slope stability. Compared to traditional cylindrical planting holes, the inclined sidewalls of this method create larger bottom areas for planting holes of a given size, allowing for more rotations of the 331 ball bearings. This enables more grass seeds to be accommodated within a single planting hole, reducing the risk of individual seed germination failure and resulting vegetation loss at that location. Additionally, the inclined sidewalls ensure that grass seeds within the same planting hole are at varying depths, reducing competition for root growth and increasing vegetation survival rates.

[0052] When a portion of the nail teeth 33 are inserted into the slope and collide with the loose rocks within the slope, the resistance experienced by that portion of the nail teeth 33 differs from that of the other nail teeth 33. In schemes using reciprocating ball screws 331 or similar transmission components, torque is generated at the connection point between the nail teeth 33 and the nut seat of the reciprocating ball screw 331 during this process. This torque can damage the connection point between the nail teeth 33 and the reciprocating ball screw 331, thus damaging the device. In this solution, the rotation of the drive component 4 is converted into linear motion. Liquid is applied to each nail tooth 33 to drive it in linear reciprocating motion. During the aforementioned process, the nail teeth 33 experiencing greater resistance prevent the liquid from continuing to enter the first chamber. At this time, the liquid pushes the elastic plate 34 to deform, thereby reducing the probability of that portion of the nail teeth 33 damaging the rollers, etc. In other words, this solution, through the design of the elastic plate 34, effectively reduces the torque damage to the connection point between the nail teeth 33 and the transmission components caused by uneven resistance, thereby improving the stability of the device's operation and extending its service life.

[0053] Example 2

[0054] The difference from the above embodiment is that it also includes a control system, which includes an infrared detector and a controller. The infrared detector and the controller are fixedly connected to the frame 1 by bolts. The infrared detector, diesel engine 21, and drive unit 4 are electrically connected to the controller. The infrared detector is used to collect the temperature field of the slope. The controller is used to receive the parameters of the slope input by the user, including the slope, horizontal projected area, and direction of the slope. The controller determines the location of the planting holes based on the temperature field and calculates the density of the planting holes based on the location of the planting holes and the parameters of the slope. When the density of the planting holes is not greater than a preset minimum value or not less than a preset maximum value, the density of the planting holes is not good. The control system adjusts the power of the drive unit 4 until the density of the planting holes is between the preset minimum value and the preset maximum value. The control system then instructs the drive unit 4 to maintain the working power.

[0055] The control system also includes an ultrasonic detector, which is fixedly connected to the inner top wall of the storage tank 51 by bolts. The ultrasonic detector is used to collect the liquid level of the bacterial solution in the storage tank 51. The ultrasonic detector is electrically connected to the controller. The controller can calculate the volume of the bacterial solution in the storage tank 51 based on the liquid level and the size of the storage tank 51, and then calculate the flow rate of the bacterial solution sprayed per unit time. The controller also controls the first pump assembly to work based on the flow rate and temperature field.

[0056] The specific implementation method is as follows: Before using this device, the operator inputs the parameters of the slope to be constructed into the controller. The infrared detector continuously collects the temperature field of the slope. After the planting holes are opened, there is a difference between the temperature inside the planting holes and the temperature on the slope surface. Based on the difference in isotherms in the temperature field, the location of the planting holes on the slope can be confirmed. At this time, the controller processes the temperature field using existing processing methods such as phase correlation to obtain the distance the device moves. Combined with the slope direction, the horizontal projected area, and the slope, the density of planting holes in the area traversed by the device can be calculated and adjusted according to the preset minimum and maximum values.

[0057] When the density of planting holes is less than the preset minimum value, the density is too low. During subsequent slope treatment, the density should be appropriately increased to avoid poor slope reinforcement due to insufficient root system coverage. In this case, the controller adjusts the power of the diesel engine 21 to reduce the device's travel speed, resulting in more reciprocating motions of the nail teeth 33 per unit distance, thus generating more planting holes per unit area and increasing the density. When the density of planting holes is greater than the preset maximum value, the density is too high. During subsequent slope treatment, the density should be appropriately reduced to avoid intensified competition among vegetation. In this case, the controller adjusts the power of the diesel engine 21 to increase the device's travel speed, thereby reducing the density. When the density of planting holes is between the preset minimum and maximum values ​​(inclusive), the controller maintains the current power of the diesel engine 21.

[0058] Simultaneously, during the spraying of the bacterial solution, the ultrasonic detector continuously collects the liquid level height of the bacterial solution inside the storage tank 51. Based on the change in liquid level per unit time and the size of the storage tank 51, the volume of the bacterial solution inside the storage tank 51 is obtained, and the flow rate of the bacterial solution sprayed onto the slope per unit time can be calculated. At the same time, the area of ​​the slope traversed by the device can be calculated through the temperature field and slope parameters, and thus the amount of bacterial solution sprayed per unit area can be calculated. When the amount of bacterial solution sprayed per unit area is greater than the set threshold, the amount of bacterial solution sprayed is too much and may cause waste. In this case, the controller controls the first pump assembly to reduce the amount of bacterial solution sprayed from the nozzle 52. Conversely, when the amount of bacterial solution sprayed per unit area is less than the set threshold, the amount of bacterial solution sprayed is too little and may affect the strength of the subsequently generated carbonate cement layer. In this case, the controller increases the amount of bacterial solution sprayed from the nozzle 52 through the first pump assembly until the amount of bacterial solution sprayed per unit area is equal to the threshold.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] The difference from the above embodiment is that it also includes a temperature control component, which includes a refrigeration component, a cooling pipe (not shown in the figure), and several main flow pipes 6 opened inside the turntable 31. Several branch flow pipes 61 are also opened inside the turntable 31. Both ends of each branch flow pipe 61 are connected to an adjacent main flow pipe 6. The main flow pipe 6 and the branch flow pipes 61 form a Tesla valve structure. Both ends of all the main flow pipes 6 are connected to the cooling pipe. A solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the main flow pipe 6 and the cooling pipe. The solenoid valve is used to change the flow of coolant inside the main flow pipe 6. The solenoid valve installed at the connection between the main pipe 6 and the cooling pipe is a three-way solenoid valve. One input port of the two three-way solenoid valves is connected to the output end of the cooling pipe, and one output port of the two three-way solenoid valves is connected to the input end of the cooling pipe. The refrigeration component is used to change the internal temperature of the cooling pipe. The refrigeration component in this solution is a semiconductor refrigeration chip. The cooling pipe is wound around the refrigeration component. The cooling pipe contains a coolant. The coolant is made of a phase change material. The coolant used in this embodiment is lauric acid. Other materials such as fatty acids and alcohols can also be used in other embodiments.

[0061] The cooling pipe is connected to a second pump assembly, which is a water pump. The second pump assembly is fixedly connected to the movable plate 24 by bolts. The second pump assembly is used to drive the flow of the coolant.

[0062] The second component is electrically connected to the controller, which is also used to receive the active temperature range of the bacterial solution input by the user, calculate the difference between the average temperature and the active temperature of the slope based on the temperature field, and control the second pump component to work based on the difference.

[0063] The specific implementation method is as follows: During the use of this solution, the operator inputs the active temperature range of the bacterial solution to be used into the controller. During the construction process, the controller obtains the average temperature of the slope based on the temperature field and calculates the difference between the average temperature and the active temperature in real time.

[0064] When the ambient temperature is suitable for microbial growth, the solenoid valve is kept closed. As the drive unit 4 works, the temperature of the outer surface of the drive unit 4 rises, and the heat of the drive unit 4 is transferred to the cooling pipe. When the temperature of the coolant reaches its melting point, the coolant melts and flows inside the cooling pipe to absorb some of the heat, thus preventing the temperature of the drive unit 4 from becoming too high during use and affecting the activity of the bacterial solution in the storage tank 51.

[0065] When the ambient temperature is low, which easily inhibits microbial activity, the operator can adjust the opening and closing of each solenoid valve before construction, so that the output end of the cooling pipe is connected to the opening on the right side of the main pipe 6 (i.e., the input end of a traditional Tesla valve), and the input end of the cooling pipe is connected to the opening on the left side of the main pipe 6 (i.e., the output end of a traditional Tesla valve). The operator can also adjust the current direction of the refrigeration component to put it in heating mode and activate the second pump assembly. During subsequent use, after the coolant melts, as the second pump assembly operates and the coolant begins to flow, it enters the main pipe 6. Due to the influence of the branch pipe 61, the coolant is less prone to backflow and can flow rapidly in the main pipe 6. During this process, the heat carried by the coolant is transferred to the slope through the turntable 31 to increase the slope temperature and improve the inhibitory effect of low temperature on microorganisms. Simultaneously, during construction, if the average temperature is lower than the active temperature, and the difference between the average temperature and the active temperature is greater than the set value, the controller increases the operating power of the second pump assembly to improve the heat exchange efficiency between the coolant and the slope.

[0066] When the ambient temperature is high and can inhibit microbial activity, the operator connects the input end of the cooling pipe to the opening on the right side of the main pipe 6 (i.e., the input end of a conventional Tesla valve) and the output end of the cooling pipe to the opening on the left side of the main pipe 6 (i.e., the output end of a conventional Tesla valve) before construction. The cooling components are then in a cooling mode. During subsequent construction, the coolant inside the main pipe 6 and the branch pipe 61 continuously absorbs heat from the slope to reduce the heat on the slope and thus reduce the impact of high temperature on microorganisms. During construction, the ambient temperature causes the coolant inside the main flow pipe 6 and branch pipe 61 to gradually melt. When the average temperature is higher than the active temperature and the difference between the average temperature and the active temperature is greater than the set value, the coolant inside the main flow pipe 6 and branch pipe 61 is in a solid-liquid mixed state. At this time, the controller controls the second pump assembly to work, so that the coolant in the solid-liquid mixed state inside the main flow pipe 6 begins to flow slowly to disperse the locally accumulated heat. At this time, the coolant inside the main flow pipe 6 is diverted by the branch pipe 61 and impacted by the coolant flowing out of the branch pipe 61, thereby further reducing the cooling rate of the coolant to avoid excessive flow velocity, which would increase the flow resistance of the coolant and affect the life of the second pump assembly.

[0067] Example 4

[0068] The difference from the above embodiments is that a packing assembly is also disclosed. The packing assembly includes a packing channel 38 opened in the turntable 31. One end of the packing channel 38 is connected to the outside, and the other end of the packing channel 38 is connected to the nail teeth 33. A plurality of elastic sheets 381 are provided at the position where the packing channel 38 and the nail teeth 33 are connected. The elastic sheets 381 are bonded and fixed to the nail teeth 33, and the elastic sheets 381 are used to close the connection between the packing channel 38 and the nail teeth 33.

[0069] Before using the device, sufficient grass seeds are filled into the filling channel 38. In the initial stage of device use, due to the obstruction of the elastic plate 381 by the grass seeds inside the nail teeth 33, it is difficult for the grass seeds inside the filling channel 38 to push the elastic plate 381 into the nail teeth 33. After the nail teeth 33 enter the soil, due to the resistance of the soil, it is also difficult for the grass seeds inside the nail teeth 33 to push the elastic plate 381 out of the nail teeth 33. As construction progresses, the grass seeds inside the nail teeth 33 are exhausted, and the obstruction of the grass seeds on the elastic plate 381 is relieved. Under the action of gravity and other forces, the grass seeds inside the filling channel 38 push the elastic plate 381 into the nail teeth 33, thus realizing the filling operation.

[0070] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A slope hydroseeding and vegetation protection device based on microbial mineralization, comprising a frame (1), wherein the frame (1) is provided with a spraying component (5) and a moving component (2), wherein the spraying component (5) is used to spray bacterial solution onto the slope surface, characterized in that: The frame (1) is also equipped with a pushing component (3) and a driving component (4). The moving component (2) is used to drive the frame (1) to move along the direction and slope of the slope. The pushing component (3) is used to smooth the slope surface sprayed with the bacterial solution. The bacterial solution is used to form a carbonate cementing layer with the substrate soil of the slope surface. The pushing component (3) is also used to evenly open planting holes on the slope surface and sow grass seeds into the planting holes. The pushing component (3) includes several turntables (31). The turntables (31) are rotatably connected to the moving component (2). The turntables (31) are provided with several hollow nail teeth (33) on the side near the slope surface. The nails (33) are evenly arranged around the circumference of the turntable (31). They are used to open planting holes on the slope. The output end of the nail (33) is provided with an opening and closing component. The opening and closing component is used to open when the output end of the nail (33) enters the slope and to close when the output end of the nail (33) leaves the slope. The driving component (4) is used to drive the turntable (31) to rotate. The turntable (31) is also provided with a transmission component. The transmission component is also used to transfer the kinetic energy of the turntable (31) to the nails (33). The transmission component is also used to intermittently drive the nails (33) to disengage from the turntable (31) after the kinetic energy is transferred to the nails (33). The transmission assembly includes a piston (333), and the side wall of the piston away from the nail tooth (33) and the turntable (31) form a first chamber. A spring (332) is provided in the first chamber to limit the position of the nail tooth (33). A second chamber is opened in the turntable (31), and a plurality of elastic plates (34) are provided in the second chamber. The elastic modulus of the elastic plates (34) is greater than that of the spring (332). The side wall of the elastic plate (34) away from the axis of the second chamber and the adjacent side wall form a plurality of sub-chambers. Liquid is provided in the sub-chambers. The sub-chambers are connected to the adjacent first chamber. The second chamber is provided with a main shaft (35). The main shaft (35) is coaxially arranged with the turntable (31). The main shaft (35) is equipped with a deceleration assembly, which is used to change the magnitude of the torque transmitted from the turntable (31) to the main shaft (35). The second chamber is equipped with several rollers (37). The main shaft (35) is used to drive the rollers (37) to move around the main shaft (35) in a circumferential direction. The rollers (37) are used to squeeze the elastic plate (34). The planting hole is used to provide a carrier for grass seed germination and to change the thickness of the carbonate cementing layer at the position of the planting hole. The driving component (4) is used to drive the pushing component (3) to flatten the slope and cooperate in opening planting holes on the slope.

2. The slope hydroseeding protection device based on microbial mineralization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The opening and closing assembly includes a ball bearing (331), which is rotatably connected to the nail tooth (33). The side wall of the ball bearing (331) has several slots, which are used to transport the grass seeds inside the nail tooth (33) to the planting hole.

3. The slope hydroseeding protection device based on microbial mineralization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spraying assembly (5) includes a storage tank (51), which is connected to a first pump assembly. The first pump assembly is connected to a plurality of nozzles (52). The storage tank (51) is used to store the bacterial solution, and the nozzles (52) are used to spray the bacterial solution onto the slope.

4. The slope hydroseeding protection device based on microbial mineralization according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also includes a control system, which is used to receive the parameters of the slope input by the user. The control system is also used to collect the temperature field of the slope. The control system determines the position of the planting hole based on the temperature field and calculates the density of the planting hole based on the position of the planting hole and the parameters of the slope. When the density of the planting hole is not greater than a preset minimum value or not less than a preset maximum value, the density of the planting hole is not good. The control system adjusts the power of the drive (4) until the density of the planting hole is between the preset minimum value and the preset maximum value. The control system notifies the drive (4) to maintain the working power.

5. The slope hydroseeding protection device based on microbial mineralization according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control system is also used to collect the volume of the bacterial solution in the storage tank (51), calculate the flow rate of the bacterial solution sprayed per unit time based on the volume of the bacterial solution, and control the operation of the first pump assembly based on the flow rate and temperature field.

6. The slope hydroseeding protection device based on microbial mineralization according to claim 4, characterized in that: It also includes a temperature control component, which includes a refrigeration component, a cooling pipe, and several main pipes (6) opened inside the turntable (31). Several branch pipes (61) are also opened inside the turntable (31). Both ends of the branch pipes (61) are connected to the adjacent main pipes (6). The main pipes (6) and the branch pipes (61) form a Tesla valve structure. Both ends of all the main pipes (6) are connected to the cooling pipe. A solenoid valve is provided at the connection between the main pipe (6) and the cooling pipe. The solenoid valve is used to change the flow direction of the coolant inside the main pipe (6). The refrigeration component is used to change the temperature inside the cooling pipe. The cooling pipe is wrapped around the refrigeration component. Coolant is provided inside the cooling pipe. The cooling pipe is connected to a second pump component. The second pump component is used to drive the flow of the coolant.

7. A slope hydroseeding protection device based on microbial mineralization according to claim 6, characterized in that: The control system is also used to receive the active temperature range of the bacterial solution input by the user, calculate the difference between the average temperature of the slope and the active temperature range based on the temperature field, and control the second pump assembly to work based on the difference.

8. A slope hydroseeding protection device based on microbial mineralization according to claim 7, characterized in that: The coolant is made of a phase change material.

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