Injection head for well drilling and workover

Abstract

The invention discloses an injection head for well drilling and workover, which is characterized in that the top of a base is provided with two power end units through a power end rail, the two power end units are connected through a distance adjusting mechanism, and the upper parts and the lower parts of the two power end units are respectively connected through a lower oil pipe positioning mechanism and an upper oil pipe positioning mechanism; the power system, the chain transmission mechanism and the clamping block mechanism are sequentially connected, the chain transmission mechanism is in rolling connection with the chain pressing rail, and the rail transfer mechanisms are arranged at an inlet and an outlet of the clamping block guide rail. During work, the reset mechanism is separated from the clamping block mechanism, and when work is completed, the clamping block mechanism is separated from the oil pipe. According to a power system for continuously lifting or lowering the pipe column when the diameter of the same clamped pipe column is changed, the lifting mode in the existing drilling and workover operation is changed, the movement in the same direction can be continuously operated, the drilling and workover operation efficiency is improved, and safety accidents caused by upward jacking of the pipe column when the underground pressure is large can be prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of oilfield drilling and well workover technology, and in particular to an injection head for drilling and well workover. Background Technology

[0002] Existing conventional drilling and workover operations employ segmented hoisting of the drill string (rod) and tubing (rod). A reciprocating hoisting system using wire rope assemblies and a traveling block hook, secured by clamps to the tubing rod clamps, is used to lift the tubing string. This system cannot continuously lift or lower the tubing in the same direction, resulting in intermittent drilling and workover operations, low efficiency, and the inability to prevent the tubing string from pushing back under excessive downhole pressure, posing a safety hazard. Coiled tubing injection heads are only suitable for hoisting and lowering coiled tubing of the same diameter. When the diameter of the same tubing string changes (such as at the connection of conventional tubing rod clamps), continuous operation is not possible due to the structural limitations of the clamping mechanism, making it unsuitable for conventional drilling and tubing workover operations. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To solve the above problems, the present invention provides an injection head for drilling and well workover.

[0004] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: an injection head for drilling and workover, comprising a base, a lower tubing positioning mechanism, an upper tubing positioning mechanism, a power end unit, and a spacing adjustment mechanism; two power end units are mounted on the top of the base via a power end rail, and the two power end units are connected by the spacing adjustment mechanism; the upper and lower parts of the two power end units are connected by the lower tubing positioning mechanism and the upper tubing positioning mechanism, respectively; the power end unit includes a power system mounted on a frame, a chain drive mechanism, a track changing mechanism, a clamping block mechanism, a chain pressure rail, a clamping block guide rail, and a reset mechanism; the power system, chain drive mechanism, and clamping block mechanism are connected in sequence, the chain drive mechanism is tumblingly connected to the chain pressure rail, and the clamping block guide rail has a track changing mechanism at both the inlet and outlet; during operation, the reset mechanism separates from the clamping block mechanism, and when operation is completed, the clamping block mechanism separates from the tubing.

[0005] Furthermore, the power system includes a connected electric motor and a speed reducer.

[0006] Furthermore, the spacing adjustment mechanism includes a spacing adjustment mechanism motor, a spacing adjustment mechanism reducer, and a lead screw connected in sequence. Each lead screw is connected to the others by a synchronous chain. One end of each lead screw is threaded with a nut, which is fixedly connected to a power end unit. The other end of each lead screw is fixed with a stop block, which is slidably connected to another power end unit.

[0007] Furthermore, the chain drive mechanism includes a driving sprocket, a pressure roller, a double-row chain, a chain tensioning mechanism, and a driven sprocket; the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are connected by a double-row chain, the driven sprocket is hinged to the chain tensioning mechanism, and a pressure roller is provided on the inner ring of the double-row chain.

[0008] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism includes a clamping block, which is hinged to one end of two four-bar linkages via a long shaft and a short shaft, respectively. An internal tension spring connects the two four-bar linkages. Limiting rollers are provided at both ends of the long shaft. The other ends of the two four-bar linkages are hinged to a chain drive mechanism, forming a parallelogram four-bar structure.

[0009] Furthermore, the clamping blocks are alternately distributed on the chain drive mechanism in both directions.

[0010] Furthermore, both power end units are equipped with rollers at their bottom, forming two mobile power ends.

[0011] Furthermore, there are two power end units, one of which has rollers at its bottom to form a mobile power end, and the other power end unit to form a fixed power end.

[0012] This invention addresses the power system for continuously lifting or lowering the same tubing string when its diameter varies. It changes the existing lifting method during drilling and workover operations, enabling continuous operation in the same direction, improving drilling and workover efficiency, and preventing safety accidents caused by the tubing string tipping over when downhole pressure is high. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is the main view of the present invention; Figure 3 This is the left view of the present invention; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 AA section view; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed power end structure; Figure 6 This is a front view of the fixed power end; Figure 7 yes Figure 6 AA section view; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the mobile power end structure; Figure 9 This is a front view of the mobile power unit; Figure 10 yes Figure 9 AA section view; Figure 11 This is the front view of the clamping block mechanism; Figure 12 This is a side view of the clamping block mechanism.

[0014] The components include: 1. Base; 2. Lower oil pipe positioning mechanism; 3. Fixed power end; 4. Upper oil pipe positioning mechanism; 5. Moving power end; 6. Lead screw; 7. Gap adjustment mechanism reducer; 8. Gap adjustment mechanism motor; 9. Oil pipe; 10. Reducer; 11. Motor; 12. Frame; 13. Track changing mechanism; 14. Drive sprocket; 15. Pressure roller; 16. Double-row chain; 17. Clamping block mechanism; 18. Chain pressure rail; 19. Clamping block guide rail; 20. Chain tensioning mechanism; 21. Passive sprocket; 22. Reset mechanism; 23. Roller; 24. Clamping block; 25. Four-bar linkage; 26. Built-in tension spring; 27. Limiting roller. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-12 The technical solutions of the present invention have been clearly and completely described. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] An injection head for drilling and workover includes a base 1, a lower tubing positioning mechanism 2, an upper tubing positioning mechanism 4, a power end unit, and a spacing adjustment mechanism. Two power end units are mounted on the top of the base 1 via a power end rail. The two power end units are connected by the spacing adjustment mechanism, and their upper and lower parts are connected by the lower tubing positioning mechanism 2 and the upper tubing positioning mechanism 4, respectively. Each power end unit includes a power system mounted on a frame 12, a chain drive mechanism, a track-changing mechanism 13, a clamping block mechanism 17, a chain pressure rail 18, a clamping block guide rail 19, and a reset mechanism 22. The power system, chain drive mechanism, and clamping block mechanism 17 are connected sequentially. The chain drive mechanism is tumblingly connected to the chain pressure rail 18. The clamping block guide rail 19 has a track-changing mechanism 13 at both its inlet and outlet. During operation, the reset mechanism 22 separates from the clamping block mechanism 17; when operation is completed, the clamping block mechanism 17 separates from the tubing 9.

[0017] The power system includes a motor 11 and a reducer 10 connected together.

[0018] The spacing adjustment mechanism includes a spacing adjustment mechanism motor 8, a spacing adjustment mechanism reducer 7, and a lead screw 6 connected in sequence. Each lead screw 6 is connected to the others by a synchronous chain. One end of each lead screw 6 is threaded with a nut, which is fixedly connected to a power end unit. The other end of each lead screw 6 is fixed with a stop block, which is slidably connected to another power end unit.

[0019] The chain drive mechanism includes a drive sprocket 14, a pressure roller 15, a double-row chain 16, a chain tensioning mechanism 20, and a driven sprocket 21. The drive sprocket 14 and the driven sprocket 21 are connected by the double-row chain 16, and the driven sprocket 21 is hinged to the chain tensioning mechanism 20. The inner ring of the double-row chain 16 is provided with a pressure roller 15.

[0020] The clamping mechanism 17 includes a clamping block 24, which is hinged to one end of two four-bar linkages 25 via a long shaft and a short shaft, respectively. An internal tension spring 26 connects the two four-bar linkages 25. Limiting rollers 27 are provided at both ends of the long shaft. The other ends of the two four-bar linkages 25 are hinged to the chain drive mechanism, forming a parallelogram four-bar structure. The clamping mechanism 17 is alternately distributed on the chain drive mechanism.

[0021] The bottom of each of the two power end units can be equipped with rollers 23, forming two mobile power ends 5.

[0022] Two power end units, one of which has a roller 23 at its bottom to form a mobile power end 5, and the other power end unit to form a fixed power end 3.

[0023] The power system is connected to the drive sprocket 14 of the chain drive mechanism to drive the sprocket to rotate. The chain drive mechanism consists of two coaxial parallel double-row chains 16 with a certain distance between them. Each clamping block mechanism 17 is a four-bar linkage with an internal tension spring 26. Limiting rollers 27 are provided on both sides of the outer side of the clamping block 24. The limiting rollers 27 can roll within the clamping block guide rail 19 to restrict the four-bar linkage state of the clamping block mechanism 17. The clamping block mechanism 17 is distributed on the outer side of the middle of the double-row chains 16 and is hinged to the double-row chains 16. A pressure roller 15 is provided on the inner side of the middle of the double-row chains 16. The pressure roller 15 rolls on the chain pressure rail 18 to resist the force generated by the clamping block 24. The clamping block mechanism 17 at the working end cooperates with the moving power end 5. Under the positioning of the chain pressure rail 18 fixed on the frame 12 at both ends, the double-row chains 16 drive the formation of a wedge effect, and the clamping block 24 locks the tubing string, thereby raising and lowering the oil pipe 9. Meanwhile, reverse clamping mechanisms 17 are evenly distributed on the double-row chain 16, locking the tubing 9 when it is pressured upwards by the well to prevent accidents. A track-changing mechanism 13 is located at both ends of the clamping guide rail 19, changing the size of the opening of the clamping guide rail 19 via hydraulic cylinders and a cam mechanism. A reset mechanism 22 slides on the frame 12 via a hydraulic cylinder, compressing or releasing each clamping mechanism 17 at the working end when the equipment stops or starts, completing the separation and contact between the clamping mechanism 17 and the tubing 9. A chain tensioning mechanism 20 is connected to the driven sprocket 21 of the chain drive mechanism, allowing the driven sprocket 21 to translate via a hydraulic cylinder, changing the center distance of the sprockets to achieve tension. The fixed power end 3 is fixedly connected to the base 1.

[0024] The mobile power end 5 has the same structure as the fixed power end 3, except that the mobile power end 5 is equipped with a roller 23 at the lower end so that it can move on the base 1.

[0025] The spacing adjustment mechanism includes multiple sets of lead screws 6, floating nuts, chains, a spacing adjustment mechanism motor 8, and a spacing adjustment mechanism reducer 7 connected together. The spacing adjustment mechanism motor 8 and the spacing adjustment mechanism reducer 7 are fixed on the fixed power end 3. The rotation of the spacing adjustment mechanism motor 8 drives each lead screw 6 to rotate synchronously through the spacing adjustment mechanism reducer 7 and each synchronous chain set, thereby driving the floating nuts and causing the moving power end 5 to translate and change the distance between it and the fixed power end 3. When the equipment is in operation, the lead screw 6 is subjected to tension to resist the tension generated by the lower oil pipe 9, which is suitable for oil pipes 9 of different diameters.

[0026] The oil pipe positioning mechanism is installed between the fixed power end 3 and the mobile power end 5, with one at the top and one at the bottom, to straighten the oil pipe 9.

[0027] Pipe lifting operation: The spacing adjustment mechanism motor 8 rotates, driving multiple sets of lead screws 6 to rotate via the transmission mechanism, causing the moving power end 5 to translate on the base 1, forming a suitable distance with the fixed power end 3 to accommodate different pipe diameters. When the pipe column is subjected to external force or enters the working end of the machine using a guide pipe, the reset mechanism 22 opens, and the four-bar linkage of the clamping block mechanism 17 is released through the built-in tension spring 26. The clamping block 24 contacts the pipe column, and due to the action of the built-in tension spring 26, the clamping block 24 and the pipe column generate a certain pressure. The motors 11 of the fixed power end 3 and the moving power end 5 rotate synchronously, driving the chain drive mechanism to rotate through the reducer 10. The double-row chain 16 rotates, driving the clamping block mechanism 17. At the working end, the two sets of clamping block mechanisms 17 cooperate under the positioning of the chain pressure rails 18 on both sides, and are driven by the double-row chain 16 to form a wedge effect. The clamping blocks 24 on the clamping block mechanism 17 lock the pipe column. The lifting force generated by the rotation of the double-row chain 16 pulls up the oil pipe 9. As the double-row chain 16 rotates, the pipe... As the tubing column rises continuously, the clamping mechanism 17 at the upper end enters the clamping guide rail 19, which opens through the inlet of the guide rail mechanism 13. As the clamping mechanism 17 enters the guide rail 19, its four-bar linkage is gradually compressed. At this point, the built-in tension spring 26 of the clamping mechanism 17 is stretched to its maximum. Along the lower end of the guide rail 19, the guide rail mechanism 13 narrows the outlet of the guide rail 19. Because the four-bar linkage of the clamping mechanism 17 is compressed, sufficient space is left before it passes through the outlet of the guide rail 19 to allow the tubing clamp to pass. When the clamping mechanism 17 passes through the outlet, its four-bar linkage unfolds under the tension of the built-in tension spring 26, and the clamp 24 presses against the outer wall of the tubing clamp, allowing the clamp to pass. This completes the change in tubing diameter and continuously lifts the tubing 9, thus completing the tubing string lifting operation. Reverse clamping mechanisms 17 are evenly distributed on the double-row chains 16. When the tubing 9 is forced upward by the well pressure, a wedge effect is formed to lock the tubing string, preventing it from being pushed out by downhole pressure and avoiding accidents. When the pipe lifting operation is completed, the reset mechanism 22 resets the compression clamping block mechanism 17 to complete the pipe lifting operation.

[0028] During pipe laying operations: Similar to the pipe lifting operation, at this time the lower clamping block guide rail 19 inlet opens, the upper outlet narrows, the power system rotates in the opposite direction, driving the pipe string downward.

[0029] This invention is suitable for both atmospheric and live tubing workover operations, drilling operations, and coiled tubing operations. It enables smooth operation of tubing couplings and drill pipe couplings, facilitating continuous tubing tripping and lowering. This changes the traditional reciprocating tubing string lifting method and improves operational efficiency. Simultaneously, it provides reverse pressure (with a reverse clamping mechanism 17) to ensure necessary power for live tubing workover operations or drilling.

[0030] Note: The four-bar linkage of clamp 24 can also be replaced by other mechanisms, such as cam mechanisms, or any mechanical mechanism that can produce a wedge effect. The fixed power end 3 can also be set as a movable power end 5, that is, both power ends can move.

[0031] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not all feasible embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, any obvious modifications made without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention should be considered to be included within the scope of protection of the claims. Although the present invention has been described above with reference to embodiments, various modifications can be made and components can be replaced with equivalents without departing from the scope of the present invention. In particular, as long as there is no technical conflict, the features in the embodiments disclosed in the present invention can be combined with each other in any way. The lack of an exhaustive description of these combinations in this specification is merely for the sake of brevity and resource conservation. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An injection head for drilling and well workover, characterized in that, It includes a base (1), a lower oil pipe positioning mechanism (2), an upper oil pipe positioning mechanism (4), a power end unit, and a spacing adjustment mechanism; the top of the base (1) is equipped with two power end units through the power end rail, and the two power end units are connected by the spacing adjustment mechanism. The upper and lower parts of the two power end units are connected by the lower oil pipe positioning mechanism (2) and the upper oil pipe positioning mechanism (4), respectively; the power end unit includes a power system, a chain drive mechanism, a track changing mechanism (13), a clamping block mechanism (17), a chain pressure rail (18), a clamping block guide rail (19), and a reset mechanism (22) installed on the frame (12); the power system, the chain drive mechanism, and the clamping block mechanism (17) are connected in sequence, the chain drive mechanism is connected to the chain pressure rail (18) in a rolling manner, and the inlet and outlet of the clamping block guide rail (19) are equipped with track changing mechanisms (13); during operation, the reset mechanism (22) is separated from the clamping block mechanism (17), and when the operation is completed, the clamping block mechanism (17) is separated from the oil pipe (9).

2. The injection head for drilling and well workover as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power system includes a motor (11) and a reducer (10) connected together.

3. The injection head for drilling and well workover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing adjustment mechanism includes a spacing adjustment mechanism motor (8), a spacing adjustment mechanism reducer (7), and a lead screw (6) connected in sequence. Each lead screw (6) is connected to the others by a synchronous chain. One end of each lead screw (6) is threaded with a nut, which is fixedly connected to a power end unit. The other end of each lead screw (6) is fixed with a stop block, which is slidably connected to another power end unit.

4. The injection head for drilling and well workover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The chain drive mechanism includes a drive sprocket (14), a pressure wheel (15), a double-row chain (16), a chain tensioning mechanism (20), and a driven sprocket (21). The drive sprocket (14) and the driven sprocket (21) are connected by the double-row chain (16), and the driven sprocket (21) is hinged to the chain tensioning mechanism (20). The inner ring of the double-row chain (16) is provided with a pressure wheel (15).

5. The injection head for drilling and well workover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping block mechanism (17) includes a clamping block (24), which is hinged to one end of two four-bar linkages (25) via a long shaft and a short shaft respectively. A built-in tension spring (26) is connected between the two four-bar linkages (25). Limiting rollers (27) are provided at both ends of the long shaft. The other ends of the two four-bar linkages (25) are hinged to the chain drive mechanism, forming a parallelogram four-bar structure.

6. The injection head for drilling and well workover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping block mechanism (17) is distributed alternately on the chain drive mechanism.

7. The injection head for drilling and well workover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of each of the two power end units is provided with rollers (23), forming two mobile power ends (5).

8. The injection head for drilling and well workover according to claim 1, characterized in that, The two power end units are provided with rollers (23) at the bottom of one power end unit to form a mobile power end (5), and the other power end unit forms a fixed power end (3).

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