Method and device for producing hydrogen through reaction of supercritical water and aluminum
The underwater aluminum source electro-explosion hydrogen production method utilizes the aluminum powder generated by the electro-explosion to react with supercritical water, solving the problems of large size and low efficiency of existing supercritical water hydrogen production equipment, and achieving portable and efficient hydrogen production.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511232435.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-29
- Publication Date
- 2025-12-09
AI Technical Summary
Existing hydrogen production equipment that reacts supercritical water with aluminum is bulky and has low hydrogen production efficiency, making it impossible to achieve portable and efficient hydrogen production. Furthermore, it requires a complex high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical water reactor.
A hydrogen production method using underwater aluminum source electro-explosion is proposed. This method utilizes the reaction of aluminum powder generated by the electro-explosion with supercritical water to produce hydrogen, simplifying the device structure and achieving efficient reaction between aluminum powder and supercritical water through a high-voltage power supply and an electro-explosion container.
It achieves portable, safe, reliable, and efficient hydrogen production with a high hydrogen production rate, simplified device structure, requires only conventional water and aluminum sources, and increases the reaction rate by several orders of magnitude.
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Figure CN121085218A_ABST
Abstract
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production, and particularly relates to a method and device for producing hydrogen by supercritical water and aluminum reaction. BACKGROUND
[0002] Hydrogen has high calorific value and is pollution-free, and is widely used as a high-energy fuel and clean energy. However, hydrogen has a high risk coefficient and is inconvenient to transport and store. At present, ordinary hydrogen production equipment has the problems of large volume and low hydrogen production efficiency, and cannot realize safe, convenient and reliable hydrogen production.
[0003] The reaction of supercritical water and aluminum is an effective means of producing hydrogen. Related technology discloses a supercritical water aluminum powder hydrolysis hydrogen production system and working method, but the hydrogen production system needs to be equipped with a high-temperature and high-pressure supercritical water reactor, and the supercritical water generating device is relatively complex, portable hydrogen production cannot be realized, and the hydrogen production rate is low. SUMMARY
[0004] Therefore, the purpose of the present application is to provide a method and device for producing hydrogen by supercritical water and aluminum reaction. The present application uses underwater aluminum source electric explosion to produce hydrogen, uses supercritical water generated by electric explosion and aluminum powder particles to produce hydrogen, does not need a separate supercritical water preparation device, the device is simple, and the hydrogen production rate is high.
[0005] The present application provides a method for producing hydrogen by supercritical water and aluminum reaction, comprising the following steps:
[0006] The aluminum source is subjected to electric explosion in water, the generated aluminum powder reacts with the generated supercritical water, and hydrogen is obtained.
[0007] Preferably, the electric explosion voltage is a pulse voltage.
[0008] Preferably, the pulse voltage of the electric explosion is 5-80kV.
[0009] Preferably, the electric explosion electric energy is 0.5-100kJ.
[0010] Preferably, the pulse frequency of the pulse voltage is 5-500Hz.
[0011] Preferably, the particle size of the aluminum powder generated by the electric explosion is 100nm-1um.
[0012] Preferably, the aluminum source comprises aluminum wire or aluminum powder.
[0013] Preferably, the length of the aluminum wire is 50cm, and the diameter is 0.1-1mm.
[0014] The application further provides a device for hydrogen production by supercritical water and aluminum reaction, comprising an electric explosion system and a hydrogen collection system.
[0015] The electric explosion system comprises a high-voltage power supply and an electric explosion container, and the electrodes of the high-voltage power supply are arranged in the electric explosion container.
[0016] The hydrogen collection system comprises a drying module and a hydrogen collection tank connected with the electric explosion container in sequence.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:
[0018] The application provides a method for hydrogen production by supercritical water and aluminum reaction, comprising the following steps: electric explosion of an aluminum source in water, reaction of the generated aluminum powder and supercritical water to obtain hydrogen. The application generates aluminum powder and supercritical water by electric explosion of an aluminum source (such as aluminum wire) in water, and utilizes the supercritical water to react with the aluminum powder to produce hydrogen. The hydrogen production method of the application only relies on an electric explosion device, and the device is simple, safe and reliable, and does not need a separate supercritical water preparation device. The application adopts electric explosion, high temperature and high pressure are generated to accelerate the reaction rate, and the hydrogen production rate is high. The raw material for hydrogen production of the application is simple, and only conventional water and an aluminum source (such as aluminum wire) are needed.
[0019] Further, the electric explosion voltage of the application has a high hydrogen production rate, and the aluminum-water hydrogen production reaction rate under high temperature and high pressure can be improved by several orders of magnitude compared with the chemical reaction rate under normal temperature and normal pressure.
[0020] The application further provides a device for hydrogen production by supercritical water and aluminum reaction, which is simple and portable, and has high safety. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS
[0021] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute some embodiments of the application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort.
[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the device for hydrogen production by supercritical water and aluminum reaction in the embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The application provides a method for hydrogen production by supercritical water and aluminum reaction, comprising the following steps:
[0024] Electric explosion of an aluminum source in water, reaction of the generated aluminum powder and supercritical water to obtain hydrogen.
[0025] In the application, unless otherwise specified, the materials and equipment used are commercially available goods in the art.
[0026] In the present application, the aluminum source preferably comprises aluminum wire or aluminum powder; the length of the aluminum wire is preferably 50 cm, and the diameter is preferably 0.1-1 mm, and can be specifically 0.1 mm, 0.5 mm or 1 mm; the particle size of the aluminum powder in the aluminum source is preferably 1-50 μm.
[0027] In the present application, the voltage of the electric explosion is preferably 5-80 kV, and can be specifically 5 kV, 10 kV, 40 kV or 80 kV. The time from discharge to hydrogen production is preferably 1-10 ms (milliseconds).
[0028] In the present application, the electric energy of the electric explosion is preferably 0.5-100 kJ, and can be specifically 0.5 kJ, 8 kJ or 100 kJ.
[0029] In the present application, the voltage of the electric explosion is preferably a pulse voltage, and the pulse frequency of the pulse voltage is 5-500 Hz, and can be specifically 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 200 Hz or 500 Hz.
[0030] In the present application, the particle size of the aluminum powder produced by the electric explosion of the aluminum wire is preferably 100 nm-1 μm. The present application utilizes the underwater electric explosion of the aluminum wire to change the water around the aluminum wire into supercritical water, and at the same time, the aluminum wire is changed into aluminum powder (micron or nanometer grade) under the action of high voltage electricity, and the aluminum powder reacts with the supercritical water to produce hydrogen. Compared with ordinary water, supercritical water has strong oxidizing property, and the aluminum powder particles further increase the reaction rate.
[0031] The present application utilizes the electric explosion to simultaneously produce aluminum powder and supercritical water, and compared with the existing production of supercritical water, the temperature and pressure are higher, and the reaction rate is faster. The maximum temperature of the supercritical water produced by the electric explosion can reach 4000℃, and the pressure can reach 200 MPa, which are higher than the temperature and pressure of the supercritical water prepared by the existing reaction kettle (the pressure of the supercritical water is generally 20-30 MPa, and the temperature is generally 300-400℃).
[0032] The present application also provides a device for producing hydrogen by reaction of supercritical water with aluminum, comprising an electric explosion system and a hydrogen collection system.
[0033] The electric explosion system comprises a high-voltage power supply and an electric explosion container.
[0034] The hydrogen collection system comprises a drying module and a hydrogen collection tank connected in sequence with the electric explosion container.
[0035] In order to further illustrate the present application, the method and device for producing hydrogen by reaction of supercritical water with aluminum provided by the present application are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings and examples, but they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present application.
[0036] Figure 1 The diagram shows the apparatus for producing hydrogen by reacting supercritical water with aluminum in the embodiment. It includes a pulsed high-voltage power supply, an electric explosion container connected to the power supply, a drying module, and a hydrogen collection box. The electric explosion container contains aluminum wire (or aluminum powder) and water. The aluminum wire (or aluminum powder) is connected to the two poles of the power supply underwater.
[0037] Example 1: Preparation of hydrogen using aluminum wire
[0038] One hundred aluminum wires, each 50 cm long and 0.5 mm in diameter, were horizontally placed at both ends of an electrode in water. After sealing the container, a high-voltage pulse power supply was activated. The voltage of the pulse high-voltage power supply was 10 kV, the energy of a single pulse discharge was 0.5 kJ, and the pulse frequency was 50 Hz. As the current passed through the aluminum wires, the wires instantly transformed into aluminum powder of approximately 100 nm. Simultaneously, the water surrounding the aluminum powder turned into water vapor. The aluminum powder and water vapor formed a gas cloud in the water. After the gas cloud began to compress (10 ms after electric initiation), the pressure and temperature inside the gas cloud began to rise rapidly. At 100 MPa and 4000 °C, the water vapor had transformed into a supercritical state (the supercritical temperature and pressure of water are 374 °C and 22.1 MPa, respectively), exhibiting strong oxidizing properties. The supercritical water and aluminum powder began to react to produce hydrogen gas. After being produced, the hydrogen gas rose rapidly in the water and entered the collection container.
[0039] The entire process lasted approximately 20 ms. The aluminum wire, 50 cm long and 0.5 mm in diameter, weighed approximately 0.265 g. The complete reaction produced approximately 0.0297 g (329 mL) of hydrogen gas, and the combustion of this hydrogen gas released 3.56 kJ of heat. The actual collected volume was 270 mL, with a hydrogen production rate of 13.5 L / s.
[0040] Example 2: Preparation of hydrogen using aluminum powder
[0041] The aluminum powder has a particle size of 1-50 μm, a mass of 1 kg, a pulse voltage of 10 kV, a single pulse discharge energy of 0.5 kJ, and a pulse frequency of 200 Hz.
[0042] Aluminum powder is placed at the bottom of a container, and a pulsed high-voltage current is applied to both ends of the electrodes. With each pulse, the aluminum powder turns into high-temperature aluminum vapor under the loading of the high-voltage current, and the surrounding water turns into water vapor. The water vapor and aluminum vapor form a gas cloud in the water. Within 1 ms after the discharge, the supercritical water formed around the aluminum powder reacts with the aluminum powder to produce hydrogen gas. After 1 ms, the gas cloud expands. After about 2 ms after the expansion reaches its maximum, the gas cloud begins to contract. During the contraction process, the internal temperature and pressure of the gas cloud continuously rise, and the water vapor becomes supercritical. Aluminum reacts with water to produce hydrogen gas. Under the continuous loading of the pulsed high-voltage current, hydrogen gas is continuously produced.
[0043] The hydrogen production rate is 30 L / s.
[0044] Example 3
[0045] Hydrogen was prepared according to the method in Example 1, with a pulse voltage of 40kV, a single pulse discharge energy of 0.5kJ, and a pulse frequency of 50Hz. 100 aluminum wires, each 50cm long and 0.5mm in diameter, were placed at the bottom.
[0046] The hydrogen production efficiency can reach 20L / s.
[0047] Example 4
[0048] Hydrogen was prepared according to the method in Example 1, with a pulse voltage of 10kV, a single pulse discharge energy of 8kJ, and a pulse frequency of 50Hz. 100 aluminum wires, each 50cm long and 0.5mm in diameter, were placed at the bottom.
[0049] The hydrogen production efficiency can reach 18L / s.
[0050] Example 5
[0051] Hydrogen was prepared according to the method in Example 1, with a pulse voltage of 10kV, a single pulse discharge energy of 0.5kJ, and a pulse frequency of 50Hz. 100 aluminum wires with a length of 50cm and a diameter of 0.1mm were placed at the bottom.
[0052] The hydrogen production efficiency can reach 25L / s.
[0053] Example 6
[0054] Hydrogen was prepared according to the method in Example 1, with a pulse voltage of 80kV, a single pulse discharge energy of 0.5kJ, and a pulse frequency of 50Hz. 100 aluminum wires, each 50cm long and 0.5mm in diameter, were placed at the bottom.
[0055] The hydrogen production efficiency can reach 21 L / s.
[0056] In Example 3, the voltage was sufficient to induce a good phase transition in the aluminum wire to form aluminum powder plasma, and further increasing the voltage did not significantly change the hydrogen production efficiency.
[0057] Example 7
[0058] Hydrogen was prepared according to the method in Example 2, with a pulse voltage of 40kV, a single pulse discharge energy of 8kJ, a pulse frequency of 50Hz, and aluminum powder with a particle size of 1-50μm and a mass of 1kg placed at the bottom.
[0059] The hydrogen production efficiency can reach 50L / s.
[0060] Comparative Example 1
[0061] Hydrogen was prepared according to the method in Example 1, with a pulse voltage of 10kV, a single pulse discharge energy of 0.5kJ, and a pulse frequency of 50Hz. 100 aluminum wires, each 50cm long and 1mm in diameter, were placed at the bottom.
[0062] The hydrogen production efficiency is 5 L / s.
[0063] Instantaneous discharge cannot completely vaporize a thicker aluminum wire into smaller aluminum powder particles, thus reducing the reaction rate between aluminum and supercritical water.
[0064] Comparative Example 2
[0065] Hydrogen was prepared according to the method in Example 1, with a pulse voltage of 10kV, a single pulse discharge energy of 0.5kJ, and a pulse frequency of 100Hz. 100 aluminum wires with a length of 50cm and a diameter of 0.1mm were placed at the bottom.
[0066] The hydrogen production efficiency is 3L / s.
[0067] When the discharge frequency of the pulsed power supply does not match the frequency of the bubbles in a single discharge, the hydrogen production efficiency will decrease. If the pulse frequency of the power supply overlaps with the frequency of the gas mass, a new gas mass will be generated before the previous gas mass is compressed, causing the two gas masses to disrupt each other and failing to provide good reaction conditions, thus reducing the hydrogen production rate.
[0068] Comparative Example 3
[0069] Hydrogen was prepared according to the method in Example 1, with a pulse voltage of 1kV, a single pulse discharge energy of 0.5kJ, and a pulse frequency of 50Hz. 100 aluminum wires with a length of 50cm and a diameter of 0.1mm were placed at the bottom.
[0070] The hydrogen production efficiency is 3L / s.
[0071] Lower voltages fail to create a favorable reaction environment around aluminum, resulting in a reduced hydrogen production rate.
[0072] This invention provides a method for producing hydrogen by reacting supercritical water with aluminum. An electrical explosion releases high voltage, and current flows through an aluminum wire, causing the wire to undergo phase transitions from solid to liquid to plasma states, ultimately forming nano- to micron-sized aluminum powder. Simultaneously, the water surrounding the aluminum wire transforms into supercritical water, and the resulting aluminum powder reacts with the supercritical water to produce hydrogen gas. This hydrogen production method is simple and rapid.
[0073] Although the above embodiments have provided a detailed description of the present invention, they are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. People can obtain other embodiments based on the present invention without creative effort, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A method for producing hydrogen by reacting supercritical water with aluminum, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: An aluminum source is subjected to an electrical explosion in water, and the resulting aluminum powder reacts with the generated supercritical water to produce hydrogen gas.
2. The method for producing hydrogen by reacting supercritical water with aluminum according to claim 1, characterized in that, The voltage of the electrical explosion is a pulse voltage.
3. The method for producing hydrogen by reacting supercritical water with aluminum according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pulse voltage of the electrical explosion is 5–80 kV.
4. The method for producing hydrogen by reacting supercritical water with aluminum according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The electrical energy of the electric explosion is 0.5–100 kJ.
5. The method for producing hydrogen by reacting supercritical water with aluminum according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pulse frequency of the pulse voltage is 5 to 500 Hz.
6. The method for producing hydrogen by reacting supercritical water with aluminum according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum powder produced by the electrical explosion has a particle size of 100 nm to 1 μm.
7. The method for producing hydrogen by reacting supercritical water with aluminum according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum source includes aluminum wire or aluminum powder.
8. The method for producing hydrogen by reacting supercritical water with aluminum according to claim 7, characterized in that, The aluminum wire is 50cm long and has a diameter of 0.1-1mm.
9. An apparatus for producing hydrogen by reacting supercritical water with aluminum, characterized in that, Including an electric explosion system and a hydrogen collection system; The electric explosion system includes a high-voltage power supply and an electric explosion container, with the electrodes of the high-voltage power supply placed inside the electric explosion container; The hydrogen collection system includes a drying module and a hydrogen collection box that are sequentially connected to the electro-explosion container.