A panel for photovoltaic modules using a long-life anti-soiling coating and a method for its production

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of panel for photovoltaic module using long-life antifouling coating and its preparation method, including polyurethane acrylate, bifunctional acrylate, ionic antistatic agent, hydrophilic agent, hydrophilic filler, coupling composition, photoinitiator, assistant initiator, antioxidant, UV absorber, light stabilizer.The coating of the present application is applied to the light flexible photovoltaic module panel material, can greatly reduce water contact angle, to improve the self-cleaning ability of material, improve photovoltaic module power generation efficiency, with good application prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic modules, and particularly relates to a long-life anti-fouling coating for a panel of a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Lightweight flexible modules are widely used in factory roofs, buildings and other locations with limited load-bearing capacity due to their light weight, low grammage and convenient installation. The packaging materials of lightweight flexible modules are mostly polymers, and the surface will age and corrode after long-term high temperature, making it easier for dust and dirt to block the polymer material. Moreover, the installation environment of lightweight flexible modules is usually more severe than that of glass modules, and the operation and maintenance conditions are limited, especially near highways, where surface dust accumulates, resulting in a significant reduction in module power.

[0003] CN110982325B uses silica hollow particles and volatile solvents to obtain an anti-reflective, anti-static and super-hydrophilic coating after curing. However, this coating requires more steps to disperse silica, and the hydrolysis process is long and requires pH adjustment, which is difficult to stabilize and control.

[0004] CN109651863A uses low-refractive nano-core-shell silica and titanium dioxide to achieve self-cleaning and anti-reflective effects on glass. However, it is only suitable for inorganic material surfaces, and cannot be used on plastic surfaces for a long time due to the low surface energy of plastic materials.

[0005] CN115717005A uses acrylic resin as the volume, disperses carbon nanotubes and cationic antistatic agents, and achieves good antistatic effect after UV curing. The antistatic effect mainly relies on ions, and the antistatic property comes from carbon nanotubes. Its application is mainly on glass, and there is a large amount of solvent in the formula, which is not convenient for construction on polymer materials. SUMMARY

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to provide a long-life anti-fouling coating for a panel of a photovoltaic module and a preparation method thereof. The coating is applied to the panel material of a lightweight flexible photovoltaic module, which can significantly reduce the water contact angle, thereby improving the self-cleaning ability of the material, increasing the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module, and having good application prospects.

[0007] The present application provides a long-life anti-fouling coating for a panel of a photovoltaic module. Based on 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the anti-fouling coating, the raw materials include the following components:

[0008] 10-40 parts of polyurethane acrylate;

[0009] 10-40 parts of difunctional acrylate;

[0010] 3-5 parts of ionic antistatic agent;

[0011] hydrophilic agent 5-10 parts;

[0012] hydrophilic filler 40-50 parts;

[0013] coupling composition 6-15 parts;

[0014] photoinitiator 0.2-0.5 parts;

[0015] co-initiator 0.1-0.15 parts;

[0016] antioxidant 0.1-0.3 parts;

[0017] UV absorber 1-2 parts;

[0018] light stabilizer 0.5-1 part;

[0019] The coupling composition includes silane coupling agent A, silane coupling agent B and high molecular silane coupling agent; the silane coupling agent A is one or more of tri glycidyl ether oxypropyl triethoxysilane and 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyl trimethoxysilane; the silane coupling agent B is one or more of 1,1-bis(trimethoxysilyl)-2-octane, p-phenylene bis(2-trimethoxysilylethyl), bis(triethoxysilyl)octane; the high molecular silane coupling agent is one or more of polyethylene glycol trimethoxysilyl propyl ether and polyethylene glycol triethoxysilane.

[0020] Preferably, the bifunctional acrylate is one or more of neopentyl glycol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate and tripropylene glycol diacrylate.

[0021] Preferably, the ionic antistatic agent is one or more of 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-allyl-3-ethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 1-butyl-3-ethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate.

[0022] Preferably, the hydrophilic agent is tetramethoxysilane.

[0023] Preferably, the hydrophilic filler is sol-gel silica.

[0024] Preferably, the addition amount of the silane coupling agent A, the silane coupling agent B and the high molecular silane coupling agent is 2-5 parts.

[0025] Preferably, the photoinitiator is one of benzophenone photoinitiators, such as 2,4,6-trimethylbenzophenone, 4-methylbenzophenone, 4,4-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone, 4,4-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone and [(4-methoxy-phenyl)-(2,4,6-trimethyl-phenyl)-methanone].

[0026] Preferably, the co-initiator is one or more of N,N-diacryloyloxyethyl methylamine, triacryloyloxyamine.

[0027] Preferably, the antioxidant is one or more of hindered phenolic antioxidant 1076, 1098, 1010.

[0028] Preferably, the UV absorber is one or more of triazine UV absorber UV1164, UV1577, UV400.

[0029] Preferably, the light stabilizer is one or more of benzotriazole light stabilizer UV1130, UV928.

[0030] The application also provides a preparation method of a long-life anti-fouling coating for a panel of a photovoltaic module, comprising the following steps:

[0031] The components are blended in a stirring kettle according to the proportions, and a coating is obtained at a stirring temperature of 40-50°C; when used, the coating is uniformly coated on the photovoltaic module for curing, and a long-life anti-fouling coating for a panel of a photovoltaic module is obtained.

[0032] Advantages

[0033] (1) In order to improve the compatibility with the substrate, the application uses polyurethane acrylate and bifunctional acrylate as the base resin, and the base resin main chain chemically reacts with the ionic antistatic agent, so that the base resin greatly improves the service life of the antistatic coating while being antistatic.

[0034] (2) The application forms an organic-inorganic hydrophilic layer by cooperating the hydrophilic agent with the hydrophilic filler, and cooperates with the ionic antistatic agent, greatly improves the antistatic effect of the coating, and the performance is more durable than that of the ionic antistatic agent alone, and the moisture resistance is greatly improved.

[0035] (3) The application uses unhydrolyzed tetramethoxysilane as the hydrophilic agent, and the silane reacts with the hydrophilic filler, and the excess unhardened hydroxyl group also serves as the hydrophilic agent, greatly improving the hydrophilicity of the coating.

[0036] (4) The coating curing stage of the application: in the first stage under UV irradiation, the ionic antistatic agent and the bifunctional acrylate are cured into an antistatic coating; in the second stage, the hydrophilic agent diffuses to the surface of the coating, and hydrolyzes and chemically cross-links with the hydrophilic filler and the coupling composition, forming a highly cross-linked organic-inorganic hydrophilic antistatic coating, which not only further reduces the water contact angle of the antistatic coating to achieve self-cleaning effect, but also has better stability and more durable effect of the organic-inorganic hydrophilic layer.

[0037] (5) The formula of the present application is solvent-free, and can be applied by spraying or rubbing, and is rapidly tack-cured by UV, under the action of photoinitiator and co-initiator, the silane in the coupling composition forms a polyhydroxy structure, promoting the rapid crosslinking of the hydrophilic agent and the hydrophilic filler, and the photovoltaic module can have a hydrophilic antistatic coating effect after 48 hours at 50% RH humidity.

[0038] (6) The coupling composition used in the present application provides reactivity by the low molecular coupling agent, and ensures compatibility with the base resin by the high molecular coupling agent, greatly increasing the residence time of the silane coupling agent in the resin after the resin is formed into a film, ensuring the reaction contact time of the sol silica and the coupling agent, and improving the wet heat resistance of the coating finished product. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present application will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present application and not used to limit the scope of the present application. Furthermore, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present application, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or changes to the present application, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.

[0040] Table 1: Long-life anti-fouling coating formula for photovoltaic module panel (Example, mass fraction)

[0041]

[0042] Table 2: Long-life anti-fouling coating formula for photovoltaic module panel (Comparative Example, mass fraction)

[0043]

[0044] The components are blended in a stirred tank according to the ratio, and the stirring temperature is 40°C, to obtain a coating; when used, the coating is uniformly coated on the photovoltaic module and cured, and UV (365nm) irradiation (power 1~2W / cm 2 ) 2~5s is used to obtain a long-life anti-fouling coating for a photovoltaic module panel.

[0045] Table 3: Performance of long-life anti-fouling coating for photovoltaic module panel (Example)

[0046]

[0047] Table 4: Performance of long-life anti-fouling coating for photovoltaic module panel (Comparative Example)

[0048]

[0049] Conclusion:

[0050] 1. Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1 show that the wear resistance of the polyurethane acrylate resin increases with the increase of the amount of the added monomer, because the hardness of the monomer is high, and the ionic antistatic agent is also dispersed better, so the surface resistance is smaller, and more monomers can promote the adhesion of the coating to the substrate polymer resin, but all the monomers will cause the material to have poor resistance to heat and humidity, so the adhesion after PCT 24h is greatly reduced.

[0051] 2. Example 1, Example 3, Comparative Example 2 show that more ionic antistatic agent can greatly reduce the surface resistance, but the wear resistance of the coating is poor, and the contact angle with water does not decrease much, because after the resin's water absorption of the antistatic agent is saturated, the antistatic performance increases, but the surface tension does not change much.

[0052] 3. Example 3, Example 4, Comparative Example 3 show that more hydrophilic agent tetramethoxysilane can reduce the surface resistance by an order of magnitude, and the water contact angle is greatly reduced, because the tetrafunctional siloxane forms more hydroxyl structures, and forms more hydrophilic polyhydroxy structures on the surface of the coating.

[0053] 4. Example 1, Example 5, Comparative Example 4 show that more sol silica has limited effect on the surface energy of the material, but the strength of the material surface coating and the wear resistance and weather resistance of the coating are greatly improved, because the sol silica will undergo hydrolysis and crosslinking reaction with the organosiloxane to form an organic-inorganic hydrophilic coating, so the wear resistance and weather resistance of the coating are greatly improved.

[0054] 5. Example 1, Example 6, Comparative Example 5 show that the high molecular weight coupling agent can greatly reduce the antistatic effect of the material surface, because the ester group on the high molecular weight coupling agent can promote the dispersion of the antistatic agent, and the coupling system can promote the condensation reaction between the silane groups in the resin, thereby improving the hydrophilicity of the material.

[0055] 6. The comparison between Example 5 and Example 6 shows that increasing the content of the initiator can make the resin monomer cure faster, increase the crosslinking degree, and improve the initial strength of the material, so the adhesion after PCT is reduced.

[0056] 7. The comparison between Example 7 and Example 6 shows that by increasing the content of tetramethylsilane and nano-silica sol, the hydrophilicity of the coating can be increased, and the weather resistance of the material can be improved, so that the contact angle is reduced to single digit.

Claims

1. A panel for photovoltaic modules using a long-life anti-soiling coating, characterized by: The raw materials include the following components, based on 100 parts by mass of the total mass of the anti-fouling coating: Polyurethane acrylate 10-40 parts; Bifunctional acrylate 10-40 parts; Ionic antistatic agent 3-5 parts; Hydrophilic agent 5-10 parts; Hydrophilic filler 40-50 parts; Coupling composition 6-15 parts; Photoinitiator 0.2-0.5 parts; Co-initiator 0.1-0.15 parts; Antioxidant 0.1-0.3 parts; UV absorber 1-2 parts; Light stabilizer 0.5-1 part; The coupling composition includes silane coupling agent A, silane coupling agent B, and high molecular silane coupling agent; the silane coupling agent A is one or more of triglycidyl ether oxypropyl triethoxysilane and 3-(methacryloyloxy)propyl trimethoxysilane; the silane coupling agent B is one or more of 1,1-bis(trimethoxysilyl)-2-octane, p-phenylene bis(2-trimethoxysilylethyl), and bis(triethoxysilyl)octane; the high molecular silane coupling agent is one or more of polyethylene glycol trimethoxysilylpropyl ether and polyethylene glycol triethoxysilane; the addition amount of the silane coupling agent A, the silane coupling agent B, and the high molecular silane coupling agent is 2-5 parts; the ionic antistatic agent is one or more of 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate and 1-allyl-3-ethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate; and the hydrophilic agent is tetramethoxysilane.

2. The panel for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses a long-life anti-soiling coating. The bifunctional acrylate is one or more of neopentanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, and tripropyleneglycol diacrylate.

3. The panel for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses a long-life anti-soiling coating. The hydrophilic filler is sol-gel silica.

4. The panel for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses a long-life anti-soiling coating. The photoinitiator is a benzophenone photoinitiator; and the co-initiator is one or more of N,N-diacryloyloxyethyl methylamine and triacryloyloxy amine.

5. The panel for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that it uses a long-life anti-soiling coating. The antioxidant is one or more of hindered phenolic antioxidants 1076, 1098, and 1010; the UV absorber is one or more of triazine UV absorbers UV1164, UV1577, and UV400; and the light stabilizer is one or more of benzotriazole light stabilizers UV1130 and UV928.

6. A method for producing a panel for a photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: The components are blended in a stirred tank at a blending temperature of 40-50°C to obtain a coating; and the coating is uniformly applied on a photovoltaic module for curing to obtain a long-life anti-fouling coating for a panel of the photovoltaic module.

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