Artificial sea area ocean grounding electrode shellfish attachment test platform and method

Abstract

The invention discloses an artificial sea area ocean grounding electrode shellfish attachment test platform and method, and belongs to the technical field of electrical engineering test equipment. The platform comprises a test assembly. The test assembly comprises a test power supply, a floating platform, two grounding electrodes and a data acquisition assembly; the floating platform is used for being placed in a marine environment; the two grounding electrodes are both hung at the bottom of the floating platform, the two grounding electrodes are arranged at an interval, and the two grounding electrodes are electrically connected with the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the test power supply through the two conductive cables respectively; and the data acquisition assembly is used for acquiring current, voltage and shellfish attachment conditions of the two grounding electrodes. According to the platform and the method, the output current or the output current density of the test power supply is controlled to enable the electrodes hung in seawater to flow through, so that the two grounding electrodes simulate the state under a bipolar working condition or a unipolar working condition under unbalanced current, and the relationship between shellfish attachment and the grounding electrodes can be reflected by collecting data through the data collection assembly.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electrical engineering testing equipment technology, and in particular to a test platform and method for shellfish attachment of marine grounding electrodes in artificial sea areas. Background Technology

[0002] Marine grounding electrodes are crucial grounding devices in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems. They establish a stable, earth-referenced "zero-potential" point for the entire DC system, ensuring stable positive and negative voltages. As the electrical "foundation" of the system, they are always ready to bear current in the event of a system fault. During normal operation of an HVDC transmission system, marine grounding electrodes operate in bipolar mode. Ideally, no current flows into the sea from the marine grounding electrode in bipolar mode. However, in reality, they operate in unbalanced bipolar mode, meaning a small current difference occurs between the positive and negative electrodes. This small current difference (usually controlled below 1% of the rated current) flows into the sea through the marine grounding electrode. Furthermore, in some cases, one electrode may fail, leading to unipolar operation. These current-carrying conditions promote shellfish attachment, which affects electrode performance. Therefore, the relationship between current-carrying grounding electrodes and shellfish attachment is an important research subject. However, current research lacks an experimental platform and method for studying the relationship between marine grounding electrodes and shellfish attachment in a marine environment and DC system. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a test platform and method for shellfish attachment on marine grounding electrodes in artificial sea areas, aiming to solve the problem that existing technologies cannot assess the attachment of shellfish to marine grounding electrodes, so as to monitor and evaluate the attachment of shellfish to marine grounding electrodes.

[0004] The first aspect of this invention provides an artificial marine grounding electrode shellfish attachment test platform, comprising at least one test component, said test component including:

[0005] Test power supply;

[0006] Floating platforms are designed for placement in marine environments.

[0007] Two grounding electrodes are mounted on the bottom of the floating platform and are spaced apart. The two grounding electrodes are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the test power supply via two conductive cables.

[0008] A data acquisition component is used to acquire the current, voltage, and shellfish attachment status of the two grounding electrodes.

[0009] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the grounding electrode includes an electrode rod, a conductive screw, and a protective sleeve;

[0010] The electrode rod has a screw hole for the conductive screw to be screwed in;

[0011] The conductive screw is wound with the conductive cable, and the conductive screw is screwed into the screw hole so that the conductive cable is conductively fixed to the electrode rod;

[0012] The protective sleeve is sealed and fitted at the connection between the conductive screw and the electrode rod.

[0013] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the floating platform includes a floating platform body and two floating cylinders;

[0014] The floating platform has at least two mounting holes, both of which penetrate the top and bottom surfaces of the floating platform, and the mounting holes are matched to the shape of the floating cylinder;

[0015] The two floats are placed in the two mounting holes respectively, and a grounding electrode is attached to the bottom of each float.

[0016] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the floating platform further includes at least two counterweights;

[0017] The two counterweights are respectively attached to the bottom of the two floating cylinders, and the counterweights are used to make the axis of the grounding electrode perpendicular to the sea level.

[0018] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the number of test components is multiple, and the multiple test components are arranged in an array.

[0019] In some embodiments of the first aspect, the distance between the two grounding electrodes is 9-11m.

[0020] The second aspect of this invention provides a method for testing the attachment of shellfish to an artificial marine grounding electrode, which utilizes the experimental platform for this purpose provided in the first aspect, and includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. The grounding electrode for the test is mounted on a floating platform and placed in a marine environment, and the grounding electrode for the control is mounted on a floating platform for the control and placed in a marine environment, wherein the grounding electrode for the test and the grounding electrode for the control are made of the same material;

[0022] S2. Using the test power supply, energize the test grounding electrode according to a preset current density until a preset time is reached; wherein, within the preset time, the data acquisition component records the shellfish attachment status, current and voltage parameters of the test grounding electrode and the control grounding electrode;

[0023] S3. Change the current density of the test power supply within the preset current density range, and repeat S1 to S2 until the preset number of parameters within the preset current density range have been executed.

[0024] S4. Based on the grounding electrode used in the experiment and the grounding electrode used in the control, determine the effect of shellfish attachment on electrode performance according to the different current densities set, the corresponding current and voltage parameters collected, and the corresponding shellfish attachment conditions.

[0025] In some embodiments of the second aspect, the preset current density range includes a first preset range and a second preset range;

[0026] The first preset range is used to simulate unipolar operating conditions, and the first preset range is 10-20 A / m. 2 ;

[0027] The second preset range is used to simulate bipolar operating conditions, and the second preset range is 0.1-0.2 A / m. 2 .

[0028] In some embodiments of the second aspect, in step S1, the number of test components is multiple, and the multiple test components are equipped with grounding electrodes of various materials, including cast iron, high silicon ferrochrome, mixed metal oxide, graphite and titanium.

[0029] In some embodiments of the second aspect, step S4 specifically includes:

[0030] The resistance and electrode surface current density of the grounding electrode used in the test and the grounding electrode used in the control are calculated based on the current and voltage parameters of the grounding electrode collected, under a certain current density, until the resistance and electrode surface current density of the grounding electrode used in the test and the grounding electrode used in the control are calculated for all current densities within the preset current density range.

[0031] Based on the resistance and electrode surface current density of the grounding electrode used in the experiment and the grounding electrode used in the control, and the shellfish attachment, the change in the resistance of the grounding electrode with the shellfish attachment and the change in the electrode surface current density of the grounding electrode with the shellfish attachment are determined, thus obtaining the effect of shellfish attachment on electrode performance.

[0032] As can be seen from the above technical solutions, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0033] This embodiment provides an artificial sea area marine grounding electrode shellfish attachment test platform and method, including a test power supply, a floating platform, two grounding electrodes, and a data acquisition component. Since the two grounding electrodes can be mounted in the marine environment with the help of the floating platform, and the two grounding electrodes are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the test power supply respectively, when the test power supply simulates a DC system and is powered on, by controlling the output current or output current density of the test power supply to the current flowing through the electrodes mounted in the seawater, the two grounding electrodes are made to simulate the state of bipolar or unipolar operation under unbalanced current, thereby simulating the working process of the grounding electrodes in the marine environment and DC system. Finally, by collecting data through the data acquisition component, the relationship between shellfish attachment and grounding electrodes can be reflected, and the relationship between shellfish attachment and electrode loss under different operating conditions can be obtained. Attached Figure Description

[0034] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an artificial sea area marine grounding electrode shellfish attachment test platform provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grounding electrode mounted on the floating cylinder according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grounding electrode (during assembly) provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the grounding electrode (assembled) provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 A schematic flowchart illustrating a method for testing shellfish attachment at an artificial seabed grounding electrode, provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 A current density comparison diagram provided for embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0041] Figure 7 A current density comparison diagram provided for embodiments of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the processing procedure of the image acquisition processor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure for calculating the circuit resistance using the three-electrode method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure label:

[0045] 1. Test components; 10. Floating platform; 100. Floating platform body; 101. Floating cylinder; 11. Grounding electrode; 110. Electrode rod; 111. Conductive screw; 112. Protective sleeve; 12. Rope; 13. Conductive cable; 14. Counterweight. Detailed Implementation

[0046] This invention provides a test platform and method for shellfish attachment on marine grounding electrodes in artificial sea areas, which solves the problem that existing technologies cannot assess the attachment of shellfish to marine grounding electrodes, and enables the monitoring and evaluation of the attachment of shellfish to marine grounding electrodes.

[0047] To make the objectives, features, and advantages of this invention more apparent and understandable, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described below are only some embodiments of this invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0048] Please see Figures 1 to 4 The first aspect of this invention provides an artificial marine grounding electrode 11 shellfish attachment test platform, comprising:

[0049] Includes at least one test component 1, which includes:

[0050] Test power supply;

[0051] Floating platform 10 is designed for placement in marine environments;

[0052] Two grounding electrodes 11 are mounted on the bottom of the floating platform 10, and the two grounding electrodes 11 are arranged at intervals. The two grounding electrodes 11 are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the test power supply through two conductive cables 13 respectively.

[0053] The data acquisition component is used to collect the current, voltage, and shellfish attachment status of the two grounding electrodes 11.

[0054] It should be noted that there is a complex electrochemical-biological coupling relationship between the current density of the marine electrode and the attachment of shellfish. Seawater is a strong electrolyte solution (salinity of about 3.5%). Under the action of electrochemical corrosion, the metal grounding electrode 11 will spontaneously undergo anodic dissolution, accompanied by the oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode. Organic acids secreted by shellfish (such as chitin degradation products) will accelerate local corrosion, forming a micro-battery effect, which will increase the metal oxidation rate by 10-100 times. Therefore, this embodiment serves as a research tool for studying the attachment of shellfish on electrodes of different materials, providing a basic research platform and method for studying the impact of shellfish attachment on electrode performance.

[0055] In this embodiment, under the application scenario of simulating the unbalanced working condition of bipolar operation, the floating platform 10 is placed in the marine environment, and the grounding electrode 11 is located in the marine environment. Then, the current density under the bipolar operating condition is output by the test power supply, and the data collected by the data acquisition component can reflect the relationship between shellfish attachment and grounding electrode 11 at a preset time.

[0056] In this embodiment, under the simulated unipolar operating condition, the floating platform 10 is placed in the marine environment, and the grounding electrode 11 is located in the marine environment. Then, the current density under the unipolar operating condition is output by the test power supply, and the data collected by the data acquisition component can reflect the relationship between shellfish attachment and grounding electrode 11 at a preset time.

[0057] The aforementioned marine environment refers to a fishpond in City A, with an area of ​​approximately 2 mu (1333.33 m2) and a distance of about 1 kilometer from the coastline. The fishpond is used for seawater aquaculture and is regularly drained. Currently, the fishpond is used to raise three types of fish and one type of shrimp (5000 golden barbs of about 4 cm in length, 100 flathead seabream of about 6 cm in length, 100,000 whiteleg shrimp of 1700 per jin, and 5000 yellow pomfret fry of about 1 cm in length). In this fishpond, barnacles will attach to the grounding electrode 11 installed in the fishpond during their development into adults.

[0058] It should be noted that in the ordinary three-electrode chemical corrosion test method, the three electrodes are only a way to study the electrochemical characterization of a single research electrode. In the three-electrode system, the division of labor between the research electrode (fixed to simulate one electrode) and the counter electrode (only for auxiliary reaction) is fixed, and the reaction of the counter electrode (such as oxygen evolution or hydrogen evolution) is fixed.

[0059] Completely unrelated to the current that the actual grounding electrode needs to bear or receive, it cannot simulate the dynamic functional switching between the two electrodes, leading to a disconnect between the operational simulation and actual engineering. Furthermore, the three-electrode method has a reference electrode, which is prone to potential drift errors or changes in the local ion distribution of seawater during the experiment, resulting in additional interference. This interference affects the actual interface reaction of the two electrodes, introducing significant errors or interference into the relationship between shellfish attachment and electrode wear. Therefore, the three-electrode method is difficult to realistically simulate the actual engineering interface of the electrode-seawater-electrode.

[0060] In this embodiment, there is no need to introduce a reference electrode. Instead, the electrodes of the two simulated grounding electrodes 11 are used as the core. Current is passed through the two simulated grounding electrodes 11 to match the actual working mode of the bipolar system. The "applied total current" can be used as the variable to control the bipolar or unipolar working conditions, and the relationship between shellfish attachment and electrode loss under different working conditions can be measured.

[0061] Therefore, the artificial sea area marine grounding electrode 11 shellfish attachment test platform of this embodiment has the following advantages: First, the simulation is highly realistic. The dual grounding electrodes 11 completely replicate the "two-pole interaction" logic and usage environment of the grounding electrode 11 in the project. Moreover, through the current output control of the test power supply, it can realistically simulate the unbalanced working conditions and unipolar working conditions during bipolar operation. Second, it can simulate a variety of scenarios, that is, it can simulate the unbalanced working conditions and unipolar working conditions during bipolar operation, as well as the working conditions of the marine grounding electrode 11 forming an electrode matrix.

[0062] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a feasible structure for the grounding electrode 11 is further provided. The grounding electrode 11 includes an electrode rod 110, a conductive screw 111, and a protective sleeve 112. The electrode rod 110 has a screw hole for the conductive screw 111 to be screwed in. The opposite side walls of the electrode rod 110 are also fixed with lifting lugs. The lifting lugs can be used to tie ropes 12 to the floating platform 10 so that the grounding electrode 11 can be hung on the bottom of the floating platform 10. A conductive cable 13 is wound around the conductive screw 111. The conductive screw 111 is screwed into the screw hole so that the conductive cable 13 is conductively fixed to the electrode rod 110. The protective sleeve 112 is sealed and fitted at the connection between the conductive screw 111 and the electrode rod 110. The protective sleeve 112 can be formed by injecting epoxy resin. In specific implementation, the electrode rod 110 can be detachably connected to the conductive cable 13 through the conductive screw 111, and the protective sleeve 112 can ensure that the electrode rod 110 and the conductive cable 13 are sealed and waterproof.

[0063] It should be noted that the positional stability of the grounding electrode 11 has a significant impact on the test. When the grounding electrode 11 is tilted, the current will concentrate at certain tips or bends, leading to local pitting corrosion. This will quickly penetrate the electrode material and introduce unnecessary errors into the shellfish attachment test.

[0064] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in order to maintain the positional stability of the grounding electrode 11, a feasible structure for the floating platform 10 is further provided. The floating platform 10 includes a floating platform body 100 and two floating cylinders 101. The floating platform 10 has at least two mounting holes, both of which penetrate the top and bottom surfaces of the floating platform 10. The mounting holes are shaped to match the floating cylinders 101. The two floating cylinders 101 are respectively placed in the two mounting holes, and a grounding electrode 11 is hung on the bottom of each of the two floating cylinders 101. In specific implementation, the mounting holes can restrict the circumferential movement of the floating cylinders 101, so that the circumferential movement of the grounding electrode 11 at the bottom of the floating cylinders 101 is also restricted to a certain extent, thereby improving the stability of the grounding electrode 11 in seawater and reducing the introduction of unnecessary errors.

[0065] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, in order to further improve the stability of the grounding electrode 11, the floating platform 10 also includes at least two counterweights 14; the two counterweights 14 are respectively hung on the bottom of the two floating cylinders 101. The counterweights 14 are used to make the axis of the grounding electrode 11 perpendicular to the sea level. That is, the weight of the counterweights 14 is equivalent to the weight of the grounding electrode 11, so that the bottom of the entire floating cylinder 101 has a counterweight, ensuring that the grounding electrode 11 is always vertically downward, avoiding large-scale swaying or tilting, and further improving the stability of the grounding electrode 11 hung on the floating cylinder 101.

[0066] Based on the above embodiments, the electrode rod 110 in this embodiment has a diameter of 50 mm, a length of 0.5 m, and a current diffusion area of ​​0.08 m². 2 Graphite cylinders, mixed metal oxide (titanium surface plated with ruthenium and iridium) cylinders, high silicon chromium iron cylinders, titanium cylinders, and cast iron cylinders; when electrode rod 110 is suspended in seawater, the top of electrode rod 110 is 0.3m above the horizontal.

[0067] In one specific embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, in order to simulate the electrode field, there are multiple test components 1, and the multiple test components 1 are arranged in an array. The multiple test components 1 arranged in the array form a larger "electrode field", which can more realistically simulate the "electrode field" in a real DC system. Specifically, in the length direction, the distance between two adjacent test components 1 is 15m, while in the width direction, the distance between two adjacent test components 1 is 6m.

[0068] In one specific embodiment, in order to reduce electromagnetic interference between the grounding electrodes 11, the distance between the two grounding electrodes 11 is 9-11m. In practice, this distance can effectively reduce electromagnetic interference between two adjacent grounding electrodes 11 and reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference on the shellfish attachment test.

[0069] It should be noted that the distance between the two grounding electrodes 11 was calculated through simulation experiments, such as... Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the simulation of the current field distribution of the electrode system shows that there is no mutual interference between the current fields when the two electrodes are 10m apart.

[0070] In one specific embodiment, a feasible structure for a data acquisition component is further provided. The data acquisition component includes a voltage acquisition unit, a current acquisition unit, and an image acquisition processor. The voltage acquisition unit and the current acquisition unit are connected to the grounding electrode 11 and can directly acquire the current and voltage of the grounding electrode 11. The image acquisition processor can be connected to the bottom of the floating platform 10 and sink in the water with the grounding electrode 11. Alternatively, the image acquisition processor can be fixed on the shore and used to acquire information on the attachment of shellfish to the grounding electrode 11 after the grounding electrode 11 is removed.

[0071] Please see Figure 5 The second aspect of this invention provides a method for testing shellfish attachment on an artificial marine grounding electrode 11, which utilizes the shellfish attachment testing platform of the first aspect, and includes the following steps:

[0072] S1. The grounding electrode 11 used for the test is mounted on the floating platform 10 and placed in the marine environment, and the grounding electrode 11 used for the control is mounted on the floating platform 10 used for the control and placed in the marine environment. The grounding electrode 11 used for the test and the grounding electrode 11 used for the control are made of the same material.

[0073] S2. The test power supply energizes the test grounding electrode 11 according to the preset current density; wherein, within a preset time, the shellfish attachment status, current and voltage parameters of the test grounding electrode 11 and the control grounding electrode 11 are recorded using the data acquisition component.

[0074] S3. Change the current density of the test power supply within the preset current density range, and repeat S1 to S2 until the preset number of parameters within the preset current density range are executed.

[0075] S4. Based on the grounding electrode 11 used in the experiment and the grounding electrode 11 used in the control, the influence of shellfish attachment on electrode performance is determined according to the different current densities set, the corresponding current and voltage parameters collected, and the corresponding shellfish attachment conditions.

[0076] Understandably, by mounting both the experimental grounding electrode 11 and the control grounding electrode 11 together in a marine environment, and then energizing the experimental grounding electrode 11 and conducting the experiment, the relationship between shellfish attachment and the current flow through the grounding electrode 11 can be analyzed through this control experiment. Furthermore, by changing the current density of the experimental power supply, different operating conditions of the grounding electrode 11 can be simulated. This allows for a thorough study of the unipolar operation of the marine grounding electrode 11 with shellfish attachment and the bipolar operation of the marine grounding electrode 11 with shellfish attachment and unbalanced current. This provides a feasible method for studying the relationship between the marine grounding electrode 11 and shellfish attachment in a marine environment and DC system.

[0077] In one specific embodiment, a further detailed implementation of step S1 is provided. In order to simulate and verify the attachment of shellfish to grounding electrodes 11 made of different materials simultaneously, in step S1, there are multiple test components 1, each equipped with grounding electrodes 11 made of different materials. Subsequently, the grounding electrodes 11 made of different materials are mounted on different floating platforms 10 and placed in a marine environment. The grounding electrodes 11 made of different materials for control are mounted on a control floating platform 10 and placed in a marine environment. The materials of the grounding electrodes 11 include cast iron, high-silicon ferrochrome, mixed metal oxides, graphite, and titanium. In practice, by mounting grounding electrodes 11 made of multiple materials simultaneously, the effects of shellfish attachment on grounding electrodes 11 made of multiple different materials such as cast iron, high-silicon ferrochrome, mixed metal oxides, graphite, and titanium can be studied at the same time.

[0078] In one specific embodiment, a specific implementation of step S2 is further provided. After the test power supply is energized to the test grounding electrode 11, the grounding electrode 11 is in a state that simulates real operation. At this time, the voltage acquisition unit and the current acquisition unit of the data acquisition component will collect the electrical parameters of the grounding electrode 11 under the current-carrying state in real time, while the image acquisition processor of the data acquisition component will collect and process the shellfish attachment situation on the surface of the grounding electrode 11.

[0079] In one embodiment, a further implementation method for the image acquisition processor to collect information on the surface of the grounding electrode 11 and its shell attachment is provided. Specifically, the grounding electrode 11 is removed monthly (the entire test cycle is approximately 9 months), and the grounding electrode 11 is placed on a green cloth with a scale. The image acquisition processor takes photos from both front and back views, and uses the image J software built into the image acquisition processor to calculate the attachment area. The attachment rate is the ratio of the attachment area to the area of ​​the feed rod.

[0080]

[0081] In the formula, P represents the adhesion rate, S represents the total area of ​​the feed rod, and S_attached represents the area with barnacles attached.

[0082] In this embodiment, the adhesion rate P is obtained by segmenting the color layer using ImageJ software; then, the green layer is binary-coded into a black and white image, with barnacles in black and the background in white, as shown. Figure 8 As shown in the figure below, taking diatoms as an example, the right image is a photograph of diatoms attached to a glass slide after processing with ImageJ software; then the average grayscale value of the black and white image is calculated; according to the software's preset settings, the grayscale value of white is 0.

[0083] In one embodiment, another possible implementation is provided for an image acquisition processor to collect information on shellfish attachment on the surface of the grounding electrode 11. The image acquisition processor can be placed underwater and can incorporate a method in the prior art for detecting and recording the attachment of biofouling on underwater structures, and perform shellfish attachment data collection and analysis on the grounding electrode 11 underwater.

[0084] In one specific embodiment, a further detailed implementation of step S3 is provided, wherein the preset current density range specifically includes a first preset range and a second preset range; the first preset range is used to simulate unipolar operation conditions, and the first preset range is 10-20 A / m. 2 The second preset range is used to simulate bipolar operating conditions, and the second preset range is 0.1-0.2 A / m. 2 In specific implementation, after completing steps S1 and S2, if the bipolar operation is still in progress, the second preset range is 0.1-0.2 A / m. 2 The current density of the test power supply is changed internally, and S1 to S2 are repeated until the preset number of parameters within the second preset range are executed, thereby completing the test under bipolar operation conditions with different current densities; then the parameters of unipolar operation conditions are simulated, that is, 10-20 A / m within the first preset range. 2 The current density of the test power supply is changed internally to complete the test under different current densities under unipolar operation conditions, thereby simulating bipolar and unipolar operation conditions.

[0085] It should be noted that the first and second preset ranges were calculated through simulation experiments. The following is the basis for designing the test current density:

[0086] When the electrode material is dispersed in seawater, two reactions, oxygen evolution and chlorine evolution, will occur at the anode.

[0087] Oxygen evolution reaction:

[0088] Chlorine evolution reaction:

[0089] For seawater or saturated brine, the reaction that produces chlorine is more likely to occur than with oxygen due to the effect of overpotential and the higher concentration of chloride ions in seawater.

[0090] In the preliminary simulation experiments, the diffusion of chlorine gas in seawater at a flow velocity of 1.5 m / s was calculated. Under relatively stringent conditions, i.e., chlorine gas is completely dissolved in seawater and secondary reactions of chlorine gas in water are not considered, the limit of gas generation current density of the electrode material was calculated, and the result was 20.56 A / m. 2 .

[0091] Therefore, for the single-pole operating condition, 20 A / m was selected in this experiment. 2 As this represents the highest current density under unipolar operation, the first preset range is set to 10-20 A / m. 2 For bipolar operation, the unbalanced current during bipolar operation can be controlled by the control system to be below 1% of the rated current; therefore, the maximum test current density is 0.2 A / m. 2 And designed 0.2A / m2, 0.15A / m2, 0.1A / m 2 Three current densities are available, so the second preset range is set to 0.1-0.2 A / m. 2 .

[0092] In one specific embodiment, a further detailed implementation of step S4 is provided, wherein step S4 specifically comprises:

[0093] S40. Calculate the resistance and electrode surface current density of the test grounding electrode 11 and the control grounding electrode 11 under a certain current density based on the current and voltage parameters of the collected grounding electrode 11, until the resistance and electrode surface current density of the test grounding electrode 11 and the control grounding electrode 11 under all current densities within the preset current density range are calculated.

[0094] The voltage of grounding electrode 11 is collected using a voltage acquisition device, and the current of grounding electrode 11 is collected by a current acquisition device at the same time to calculate the grounding resistance of grounding electrode 11 at different times. Of course, if it is difficult to directly measure the grounding resistance, a suitable alternative can be found. For example, the Megger DET2 / 2 three-electrode method can be used to calculate the loop resistance to calculate the grounding resistance. This is because the loop resistance is composed of the resistance of conductive cable 13, the resistance of water, and the grounding resistance of grounding electrode 11. The resistance of conductive cable 13 and the resistance of water can be measured in advance. After calculating the loop resistance using the Megger DET2 / 2 three-electrode method, the three-electrode method structure is as follows: Figure 9 As shown, the grounding resistance can be calculated; while the electrode surface current density is obtained by the ratio of the current of the grounding electrode 11 collected by the current collector to the effective reaction area of ​​the grounding electrode 11. The effective reaction area of ​​the grounding electrode 11 can be derived by inversely from the shellfish attachment surface and the total surface of the grounding electrode 11.

[0095] It should be noted that the megger uses AC power, with an output amplitude of only a few milliamps, a grounding resistance of about 0.5 ohms, and a voltage of about a few millivolts, making it highly susceptible to polarization. While absolute values ​​are difficult to measure accurately, changes in polarization are measured. However, the attachment of barnacles significantly impacts polarization, effectively isolating the surface from the electrolyte. Therefore, some areas become non-polarized, while others remain polarized, making evaluation difficult. Different materials exhibit different polarization characteristics; comparing current dissipation performance requires considering the polarization characteristics of different materials at different current densities. When grounding electrode 11 is operating in an unbalanced manner, the current density will certainly meet performance requirements; the characteristics of grounding electrode 11 under high current flow must be considered. In the field of electrolytic antifouling, at pH 8.37, the kill rate of barnacles is 90%. During electrochemical reactions, the pH in the cathode area increases.

[0096] S41. Based on the resistance and electrode surface current density of the grounding electrode 11 used in the experiment and the grounding electrode 11 used in the control, and the shellfish attachment, determine the change in the resistance of the grounding electrode 11 with the shellfish attachment and the change in the electrode surface current density of the grounding electrode 11 with the shellfish attachment, and obtain the effect of shellfish attachment on electrode performance.

[0097] In this embodiment, the analysis of the change in resistance of grounding electrode 11 with the attachment of shellfish specifically includes: (1) under the same current density (e.g., 0.1A / m 2 / 0.15A / m 2 / 0.2A / m 2 (2) Under the same current density (e.g., 0.1A / m), the resistance of the grounding electrode 11 of the same material changes with the attachment of shellfish. 2 / 0.15A / m 2 / 0.2A / m 2 (2) By combining the grounding electrode 11 used in the experiment and the grounding electrode 11 used in the control, the resistance of the grounding electrode 11 of each material, namely cast iron, high silicon ferrochrome, mixed metal oxide, graphite and titanium, was compared and the changes in the resistance of the grounding electrode 11 of different materials with the attachment of shellfish were analyzed; (3) By combining the grounding electrode 11 used in the experiment and the grounding electrode 11 used in the control, the resistance of the grounding electrode 11 of a certain material under different current densities (such as 0.1A / m) was analyzed. 2 Up to 0.15A / m 2 Up to 0.2A / m 2 The resistance of the grounding electrode 11 varies with the attachment of shellfish; the specific analysis of the current density on the electrode surface of the grounding electrode 11 is similar to that of the resistance, and will not be elaborated here.

[0098] It is understandable that byssal proteins secreted by shellfish will form a biofilm on the surface of grounding electrode 11. Since byssal proteins form an insulating or semi-conductive biofilm on the electrode surface, they will increase the interfacial resistance and hinder the diffusion or flow of current on grounding electrode 11. Furthermore, the shellfish attachment makes the electrode surface uneven, forcing the current to bypass the attachment and flow in a concentrated manner, resulting in a significant increase in local current density. Therefore, by analyzing the resistance of grounding electrode 11 and the current density on the electrode surface, the impact of shellfish attachment on grounding electrode 11 can be effectively determined.

[0099] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0100] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0101] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0102] Finally, it should be noted that in this paper, relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

Claims

1. An artificial marine grounding electrode shellfish attachment test platform, characterized in that, Includes at least one test component, said test component comprising: Test power supply; Floating platforms are designed for placement in marine environments. Two grounding electrodes are mounted on the bottom of the floating platform and are spaced apart. The two grounding electrodes are electrically connected to the positive and negative terminals of the test power supply via two conductive cables. A data acquisition component is used to acquire the current, voltage, and shellfish attachment status of the two grounding electrodes.

2. The artificial sea area marine grounding electrode shellfish attachment test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grounding electrode includes an electrode rod, a conductive screw, and a protective sleeve; The electrode rod has a screw hole for the conductive screw to be screwed in; The conductive screw is wound with the conductive cable, and the conductive screw is screwed into the screw hole so that the conductive cable is conductively fixed to the electrode rod; The protective sleeve is sealed and fitted at the connection between the conductive screw and the electrode rod.

3. The artificial sea area marine grounding electrode shellfish attachment test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The floating platform includes a floating platform and two floating cylinders; The floating platform has at least two mounting holes, both of which penetrate the top and bottom surfaces of the floating platform, and the mounting holes are matched to the shape of the floating cylinder; The two floats are placed in the two mounting holes respectively, and a grounding electrode is attached to the bottom of each float.

4. The artificial sea area marine grounding electrode shellfish attachment test platform according to claim 3, characterized in that, The floating platform also includes at least two counterweights; The two counterweights are respectively attached to the bottom of the two floating cylinders, and the counterweights are used to make the axis of the grounding electrode perpendicular to the sea level.

5. The artificial sea area marine grounding electrode shellfish attachment test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The number of test components is multiple, and the multiple test components are arranged in an array.

6. The artificial sea area marine grounding electrode shellfish attachment test platform according to claim 1, characterized in that, The distance between the two grounding electrodes is 9-11m.

7. A method for testing the attachment of shellfish to marine grounding electrodes in artificial sea areas, characterized in that, The artificial marine grounding electrode shellfish attachment test platform according to any one of claims 1 to 6 includes the following steps: S1. The grounding electrode for the test is mounted on a floating platform and placed in a marine environment, and the grounding electrode for the control is mounted on a floating platform for the control and placed in a marine environment, wherein the grounding electrode for the test and the grounding electrode for the control are made of the same material; S2. Using the test power supply, energize the test grounding electrode according to a preset current density until a preset time is reached; wherein, within the preset time, the data acquisition component records the shellfish attachment status, current and voltage parameters of the test grounding electrode and the control grounding electrode; S3. Change the current density of the test power supply within the preset current density range, and repeat S1 to S2 until the preset number of parameters within the preset current density range have been executed. S4. Based on the grounding electrode used in the experiment and the grounding electrode used in the control, determine the effect of shellfish attachment on electrode performance according to the different current densities set, the corresponding current and voltage parameters collected, and the corresponding shellfish attachment conditions.

8. The method for testing shellfish attachment at the artificial seabed grounding electrode according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, there are multiple test components, and each of the multiple test components is equipped with a grounding electrode made of a variety of different materials, including cast iron, high silicon ferrochrome, mixed metal oxide, graphite and titanium.

9. The method for testing shellfish attachment at the artificial seabed grounding electrode according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the preset current density range includes a first preset range and a second preset range; The first preset range is used to simulate unipolar operating conditions, and the first preset range is 10-20 A / m. 2 ; The second preset range is used to simulate bipolar operating conditions, and the second preset range is 0.1-0.2 A / m. 2 .

10. The method for testing shellfish attachment at the artificial seabed grounding electrode according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S4, specifically: The resistance and electrode surface current density of the grounding electrode used in the test and the grounding electrode used in the control are calculated based on the current and voltage parameters of the grounding electrode collected, under a certain current density, until the resistance and electrode surface current density of the grounding electrode used in the test and the grounding electrode used in the control are calculated for all current densities within the preset current density range. Based on the resistance and electrode surface current density of the grounding electrode used in the experiment and the grounding electrode used in the control, and the shellfish attachment, the change in the resistance of the grounding electrode with the shellfish attachment and the change in the electrode surface current density of the grounding electrode with the shellfish attachment are determined, thus obtaining the effect of shellfish attachment on electrode performance.

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