Automatic tightening device

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic tightening device, and relates to the technical field of automatic tightening devices.The automatic tightening device comprises a base, a synchronizing unit, a tightening unit, a switching unit and a control unit, the synchronizing unit is arranged on the base, and the synchronizing unit comprises a clamping component, a vertical adjusting component and a horizontal adjusting component; the stretching end of the vertical adjusting component is connected with the horizontal adjusting component, the stretching end of the horizontal adjusting component is connected with the clamping component, the clamping component is used for clamping the lifting appliance, the tightening unit comprises at least three tightening mechanical arms, each tightening mechanical arm is provided with a shooting component, the switching unit is arranged on the base, a plurality of sleeves are installed on the switching unit, and the shooting components are arranged on the sleeves. The tightening mechanical arm can run to the switching unit so that one sleeve can be arranged on the tightening mechanical arm in a sleeving mode, the tightening mechanical arm is used for tightening bolts on the vehicle through the sleeves, and the tightening mechanical arm, the shooting component, the vertical adjusting component and the horizontal adjusting component are all in signal connection with the control unit.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of automatic tightening device, and particularly relates to an automatic tightening device. BACKGROUND

[0002] The front suspension and the rear suspension as the core components of the chassis system, the reliability of the bolt connection directly affects the safety, maneuverability and comfort of the vehicle driving.

[0003] At present, the bolt tightening on the front suspension and the rear suspension needs to be completed by manual work, and the bolts on both sides of the vehicle need to be tightened, so that one worker is needed on both sides to tighten, which makes the labor cost too high and the labor intensity of the workers too large.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new automatic tightening device to solve the above technical problems. SUMMARY

[0005] The main purpose of the present application is to provide an automatic tightening device, which aims to improve the technical problems of high labor cost and large labor intensity in the prior art for tightening the bolts of the front suspension and the rear suspension of the vehicle.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides an automatic tightening device, comprising: a base; a synchronization unit, the synchronization unit is arranged on the base, the synchronization unit comprises a clamping component, a vertical adjusting component and a horizontal adjusting component, the extending end of the vertical adjusting component is connected with the horizontal adjusting component, the extending end of the horizontal adjusting component is connected with the clamping component, and the clamping component is used for clamping a lifting appliance; a tightening unit, the tightening unit comprises at least three tightening mechanical arms, and each of the tightening mechanical arms is provided with a shooting component; a switching unit, the switching unit is arranged on the base, a plurality of sleeves are installed on the switching unit, the tightening mechanical arm can run to the switching unit to sleeve one of the sleeves, and the tightening mechanical arm is used for tightening the bolts on the vehicle through the sleeve; a control unit, the tightening mechanical arm, the shooting component, the vertical adjusting component and the horizontal adjusting component are signal connected with the control unit.

[0007] In an embodiment, the clamping component comprises a mounting plate, a synchronous block and a hinged seat, the hinged seat is installed on the mounting plate, the synchronous block is rotatably installed on the hinged seat, the extending end of the horizontal adjusting component is connected with the mounting plate, a clamping plate is arranged on the horizontal adjusting component, and the clamping plate and the synchronous block are respectively used for abutting against both sides of the lifting appliance.

[0008] In an embodiment, the horizontal adjustment component comprises a first driving cylinder, a bottom plate, a to-position detection switch, a cylinder body of the first driving cylinder is mounted on the bottom plate, the bottom plate is connected with an extending end of the vertical adjustment component, a mounting plate is slidingly mounted on the bottom plate, an extending end of the first driving cylinder is connected with the mounting plate, the to-position detection switch is mounted on the bottom plate and used to contact with the mounting plate, and the to-position detection switch is signal connected with the first driving cylinder through the control unit.

[0009] In an embodiment, a side of the clamping plate towards the synchronous block is provided with a proximity switch, and the proximity switch is signal connected with the first driving cylinder through the control unit.

[0010] In an embodiment, the tightening unit further comprises a buffer mechanism, the buffer mechanism comprises a telescopic carbon arm, a mounting seat, a driving motor, a lead screw and a sliding seat, the driving motor is mounted on the mounting seat, the mounting seat is mounted on the base, two rotating seats are arranged on the mounting seat, two ends of the lead screw are rotatably arranged in the two rotating seats, an output shaft of the driving motor is connected with the lead screw, the sliding seat is threadedly connected with the lead screw, a first sliding rail is formed on the mounting seat along a length direction of the lead screw, the sliding seat is slidingly connected with the first sliding rail, and two ends of the telescopic carbon arm are respectively connected with the sliding seat and the tightening mechanical arm.

[0011] In an embodiment, two limit switches are arranged on the mounting seat along a length direction of the first sliding rail, and the two limit switches are signal connected with the driving motor through the control unit.

[0012] In an embodiment, the switching unit comprises a fixing seat and a first to-position switch, a plurality of spaced-apart clamping grooves are arranged on the fixing seat, the number of the first to-position switches is equal to the number of the clamping grooves, the sleeve is clamped in the clamping groove, an installation end of the sleeve is arranged towards the base, the first to-position switch is arranged on the fixing seat and close to the installation end of the sleeve, the first to-position switch is used to detect whether the tightening mechanical arm is in position, and the first to-position switch is signal connected with the tightening mechanical arm through the control unit.

[0013] In an embodiment, the switching unit further comprises a placement block, the number of the placement blocks is equal to the number of the clamping grooves, the plurality of placement blocks are spaced-apart arranged on the fixing seat, and the placement blocks are one-to-one correspondingly arranged with the clamping grooves, the placement block is provided with a placement groove, and the working end of the sleeve is clamped in the placement groove.

[0014] In an embodiment, the switching unit further comprises a second in-place switch and an indicator light, the number of the second in-place switches and the number of the indicator lights are equal to the number of the card slots, the second in-place switches are installed on the fixing seat and arranged close to the card slots, the second in-place switches are used to detect whether the sleeve is installed on the corresponding card slot, the indicator lights are installed on the placing block, and the second in-place switches are signal connected with the indicator lights through the control unit.

[0015] In an embodiment, the automatic tightening device further comprises a walking unit and a lifting unit, the walking unit comprises an engine assembly and a driving wheel, the engine assembly is drivingly connected with the driving wheel, the lifting unit comprises a second driving cylinder and a supporting seat, the cylinder body of the second driving cylinder is rotatably installed on the supporting seat, the extending shaft of the second driving cylinder is rotatably connected with the engine assembly, the supporting seat is provided with a second sliding rail on the side away from the second driving cylinder, the engine assembly is slidingly connected with the second sliding rail, and the in-place detection switch is signal connected with the second driving cylinder through the control unit.

[0016] In the above scheme, the automatic tightening device comprises a base, a synchronization unit, a tightening unit, a switching unit and a control unit, the synchronization unit is arranged on the base, the synchronization unit comprises a clamping part, a vertical adjusting part and a horizontal adjusting part, the extending end of the vertical adjusting part is connected with the horizontal adjusting part, the extending end of the horizontal adjusting part is connected with the clamping part, the clamping part is used for clamping a lifting appliance, the tightening unit comprises at least three tightening mechanical arms, each of the tightening mechanical arms is provided with a shooting part, the switching unit is arranged on the base, the switching unit is provided with a plurality of sleeves, the tightening mechanical arms can run to the switching unit to wrap one of the sleeves on the tightening mechanical arms, the tightening mechanical arms are used for tightening bolts on a vehicle through the sleeves, and the tightening mechanical arms, the shooting parts, the vertical adjusting part and the horizontal adjusting part are signal connected with the control unit. Specifically, the automatic tightening device waits for a vehicle lifting appliance to enter a predetermined position in situ, and then the device and the lifting appliance are synchronized, when the vehicle lifting appliance enters the predetermined position, the synchronization unit starts operation, the vertical adjusting part drives the horizontal adjusting part to rise to a specified height, then the horizontal adjusting part drives the clamping part to extend and clamp the lifting appliance, mechanical synchronization of the device and the lifting appliance is realized, after synchronization is completed, the control unit coordinates the tightening unit and the switching unit to work according to production instructions, the tightening mechanical arms run to the switching unit, tool replacement is completed through wrapping sleeves of corresponding models, then the tightening mechanical arms move to bolt tightening positions, the shooting parts shoot positions of the bolts, image data is transmitted to the control unit, the control unit adjusts a mechanical arm track according to an image analysis result, ensures accurate positioning of the sleeves and the bolts, after positioning is completed, the control unit sends compensation data obtained according to the image data to the tightening mechanical hand to perform track correction for tightening operation, at least three tightening mechanical arms simultaneously or in a preset sequence perform tightening operation on vehicle bolts, until all the bolts are tightened, after operation is completed, the clamping part of the synchronization unit releases the lifting appliance, the vertical adjusting part and the horizontal adjusting part are reset, and the device returns to a standby state to wait for the next vehicle to enter. Each of the tightening mechanical arms is provided with the shooting part, and the real-time track adjustment function of the control unit ensures bolt positioning accuracy; the switching unit can quickly replace sleeves of different models, so that the device can adapt to various bolt specifications, and the universality of the device is enhanced; the synchronization unit realizes rigid connection with the lifting appliance through cooperation of the vertical and horizontal adjusting parts, relative displacement between the device and the lifting appliance in the operation process is avoided, stability and consistency of the tightening process are ensured, the control unit serves as a core hub, and action logic of the synchronization, tightening and switching units is coordinated, the bolts are automatically tightened through the running of the tightening mechanical arms, manual tightening of operation personnel is not needed, labor cost is greatly reduced, and labor intensity of the operation personnel is reduced. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to make the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application or the prior art clearer, the accompanying drawings needed in the embodiments or prior art description will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description only show some embodiments of the present application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from the structures shown in the drawings without any creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 The overall layout schematic diagram of an embodiment of the automatic tightening device provided by the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 2 The overall structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the synchronization unit provided by the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 3 The top view of an embodiment of the synchronization unit provided by the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 4 The structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the buffer mechanism provided by the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 5 The structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the switching unit provided by the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 6 The connection structure schematic diagram of an embodiment of the walking unit and the lifting unit provided by the present application is shown in the figure. Figure 7 The connection structure schematic diagram of another embodiment of the walking unit and the lifting unit provided by the present application is shown in the figure.

[0019] Explanation of the figure numbers: 100, automatic tightening device; 1, base; 2, synchronous unit; 21, clamping part; 211, mounting plate; 212, synchronous block; 213, hinged seat; 214, counterweight block; 22, vertical adjustment part; 221, third driving cylinder; 222, support part; 222a, third sliding rail; 223, limiting baffle; 23, horizontal adjustment part; 231, clamping plate; 231a, proximity switch; 232, first driving cylinder; 233, bottom plate; 234, in-place detection switch; 235, overrun part; 235a, overrun detection module; 235b, telescopic rod; 235c, detection block; 235d, fixed block; 235e, elastic piece; 235f, vertical plate; 235g, telescopic hole; 236, falling plate; 3, tightening unit; 31, tightening mechanical arm; 32, buffer mechanism; 321, telescopic carbon arm; 322, mounting seat; 322a, rotating seat; 322b, limiting switch; 322c, first sliding rail; 323, driving motor; 324, screw rod; 325, sliding seat; 4, switching unit; 41, fixed seat; 411, clamping groove; 42, first in-place switch; 43, placement block; 44, second in-place switch; 45, indicator light; 5, sleeve; 6, walking unit; 61, engine assembly; 62, driving wheel; 621, convex plate; 7, lifting unit; 71, second driving cylinder; 72, support seat; 721, first connecting plate; 722, second connecting plate; 722a, second sliding rail; 722b, upper limit detection module; 722c, lower limit detection module.

[0020] The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present application involve directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.), the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition, etc. between components in a certain posture, and if the certain posture changes, the directional indications also change accordingly.

[0023] In addition, if the description of "first", "second" and the like is involved in the embodiments of the present application, the description of "first", "second" and the like is only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can be explicitly or implicitly included at least one of the features. In addition, if "and / or" or "and / or" appears throughout the text, it means that the three parallel schemes are included, for example, "A and / or B" includes A scheme, or B scheme, or A and B scheme. In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of the ordinary skilled in the art, when the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or unachievable, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, nor in the protection scope required by the present application.

[0024] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, please refer to Figure 1The application provides an automatic tightening device 100, which comprises a base 1, a synchronization unit 2, a tightening unit 3, a switching unit 4 and a control unit, the synchronization unit 2 is arranged on the base 1, the synchronization unit 2 comprises a clamping part 21, a vertical adjusting part 22 and a horizontal adjusting part 23, the extending end of the vertical adjusting part 22 is connected with the horizontal adjusting part 23, the extending end of the horizontal adjusting part 23 is connected with the clamping part 21, the clamping part 21 is used for clamping a lifting appliance, the tightening unit 3 comprises at least three tightening mechanical arms 31, each of the tightening mechanical arms 31 is provided with a shooting part, the switching unit 4 is arranged on the base 1, a plurality of sleeves 5 are arranged on the switching unit 4, the tightening mechanical arms 31 can run to the switching unit 4 so as to wrap one of the sleeves 5 on the tightening mechanical arms 31, the tightening mechanical arms 31 are used for tightening bolts on a vehicle through the sleeves 5, and the tightening mechanical arms 31, the shooting part, the vertical adjusting part 22 and the horizontal adjusting part 23 are signal connected with the control unit. Specifically, the automatic tightening device 100 waits for a vehicle lifting appliance to enter a predetermined position in situ, the device is synchronized with the lifting appliance, when the vehicle lifting appliance enters the predetermined position, the synchronization unit 2 starts operation, the vertical adjusting part 22 drives the horizontal adjusting part 23 to rise to a specified height, then the horizontal adjusting part 23 drives the clamping part 21 to extend and clamp the lifting appliance, mechanical synchronization of the device and the lifting appliance is realized, after the synchronization is completed, the control unit coordinates the tightening unit 3 and the switching unit 4 to work according to a production instruction, the tightening mechanical arms 31 run to the switching unit 4, tool replacement is completed through wrapping the sleeves 5 of corresponding models, then the tightening mechanical arms 31 move to bolt tightening positions, the shooting part shoots the positions of the bolts, image data is transmitted to the control unit, the control unit adjusts the mechanical arm track according to the image analysis result, so as to ensure that the sleeves 5 are accurately positioned with the bolts, after the positioning is completed, the control unit sends compensation data obtained according to the image data to the tightening mechanical hand to perform track correction and tightening operation, at least three tightening mechanical arms 31 simultaneously or according to a preset sequence perform tightening operation on the bolts of the vehicle, until all the bolts are tightened, after the operation is completed, the clamping part 21 of the synchronization unit 2 releases the lifting appliance, the vertical adjusting part 22 and the horizontal adjusting part 23 are reset, and the device returns to a standby state to wait for the next vehicle to enter. Each of the tightening mechanical arms 31 is provided with a shooting part, the real-time track adjusting function of the control unit is combined, so as to ensure the bolt positioning accuracy; the switching unit 4 can quickly replace sleeves 5 of different models, so that the device can adapt to various bolt specifications, the universality of the device is enhanced, the vertical adjusting part 22 and the horizontal adjusting part 23 are combined, so that the synchronization unit 2 realizes rigid connection with the lifting appliance, relative displacement between the device and the lifting appliance in the operation process is avoided, the stability and consistency of the tightening process are ensured, the control unit serves as a core hub, and the action logic of the synchronization, tightening and switching units is coordinated, the tightening mechanical arms 31 run to automatically tighten the bolts, manual tightening is not needed, the labor cost is greatly reduced, and the labor intensity of the operation personnel is reduced.

[0025] Further, the tightening gun is fixed on the flange plate of the tightening mechanical arm 31. Since the length of the tightening gun plus the sleeve 5 is relatively long, the gun body shakes beyond the alignment requirement during operation. Therefore, an axial stabilizing arm is needed to fix the gun body, so that the gun body can ensure two-point alignment, reduce the shaking amount, increase the alignment success rate, and reduce the failure of tightening caused by the shaking of the sleeve 5. At the same time, when the front suspension tightening mechanical hand can also be used for the rear suspension bolt tightening operation when the rear suspension tightening operation rhythm is not satisfied, so as to avoid the waste of working hours caused by the rhythm.

[0026] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In an embodiment, the clamping component 21 includes a mounting plate 211, a synchronous block 212, and a hinged seat 213. The hinged seat 213 is mounted on the mounting plate 211, and the synchronous block 212 is rotatably mounted on the hinged seat 213. The extension end of the horizontal adjustment component 23 is connected to the mounting plate 211. The horizontal adjustment component 23 is provided with a clamping plate 231. The clamping plate 231 and the synchronous block 212 are respectively used for abutting against the two opposite sides of the sling. When receiving the clamping instruction, the vertical adjustment component 22 pushes the horizontal adjustment component 23 to move upward, so that the clamping component 21 rises to the synchronous position. Since the sling may abut against the top of the synchronous block 212 during this process, in order to prevent interference, the synchronous block 212 is hinged on the hinged seat 213, so that the synchronous block 212 rotates around the hinged seat 213. Then the horizontal adjustment component 23 pushes the mounting plate 211 to extend, so that the sling is placed between the synchronous block 212 and the clamping plate 231. The synchronous block 212 reversely rotates around the hinged seat 213 and returns to the original position. Then the extension end of the horizontal adjustment component 23 is retracted, so that the synchronous block 212 moves towards the clamping plate 231. The synchronous block 212 and the clamping plate 231 abut against the two opposite sides of the sling respectively, so as to clamp the sling. In this way, the automatic tightening device 100 can move synchronously with the sling. The synchronous block 212 is rotatably mounted through the hinged seat 213. During the lifting process of the horizontal adjustment component 23 driven by the vertical adjustment component 22, if the sling abuts against the top of the synchronous block 212, the synchronous block 212 can rotate around the hinged seat 213 to avoid the sling, so as to avoid rigid collision and damage to the components or displacement of the sling, and to ensure the safety of the mechanical structure during the docking stage. When the extension end of the horizontal adjustment component 23 is retracted, the synchronous block 212 and the clamping plate 231 abut against the two opposite sides of the sling respectively, so as to fix the sling through the symmetrical clamping force, prevent the sling from moving horizontally or vertically during the subsequent tightening operation, and ensure that the automatic tightening device 100 can stably move synchronously with the sling, thereby providing a rigid support basis for bolt tightening. The horizontal adjustment component 23 is connected to the mounting plate 211 and the clamping plate 231 at the same time, so as to realize the continuous action of pushing and retracting the clamping through a single power source, without the need for additional driving components, thereby reducing the matching error between the components and ensuring the quick and reliable synchronization process.

[0027] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3Further, the synchronous block 212 is provided with a counterweight 214 at the side away from the clamping plate 231, and the middle part of the synchronous block 212 is hinged to the hinge seat 213, so that the vertical adjusting part 22 pushes the horizontal adjusting part 23 to move upward, and the clamping part 21 is lifted to the synchronous position. During the process, the lifting tool can abut against the top of the side of the synchronous block 212 close to the clamping plate 231, and the synchronous block 212 rotates around the hinge seat 213 against the gravity of the counterweight 214, and then the horizontal adjusting part 23 pushes the mounting plate 211 to extend, so that the lifting tool is placed between the synchronous block 212 and the clamping plate 231. Due to the influence of the gravity of the counterweight 214, the synchronous block 212 rotates reversely around the hinge seat 213 and returns to the original position, and then the extended end of the horizontal adjusting part 23 is retracted, so that the synchronous block 212 moves toward the clamping plate 231, and the synchronous block 212 and the clamping plate 231 abut against the two sides of the lifting tool respectively, so as to clamp the lifting tool, and the automatic tightening device 100 can move synchronously with the lifting tool. By providing the counterweight 214 at the side of the synchronous block 212 away from the clamping plate 231, the automatic return of the synchronous block 212 can be realized, and the remaining driving devices do not need to be provided, so as to reduce the manufacturing cost.

[0028] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In an embodiment, the horizontal adjusting part 23 comprises a first driving cylinder 232, a bottom plate 233 and a position detection switch 234, the cylinder body of the first driving cylinder 232 is installed on the bottom plate 233, the bottom plate 233 is connected with the extended end of the vertical adjusting part 22, the mounting plate 211 is slidingly installed on the bottom plate 233, the extended end of the first driving cylinder 232 is connected with the mounting plate 211, the position detection switch 234 is installed on the bottom plate 233, the position detection switch 234 is used to contact with the mounting plate 211, and the position detection switch 234 is signal connected with the first driving cylinder 232 through the control unit. When the lifting tool is clamped, the first driving cylinder 232 is started, and the extended end thereof is retracted to drive the mounting plate 211 to move, and since the clamping part 21 is arranged on the mounting plate 211, the clamping part 21 moves toward the clamping plate 231, and when the mounting plate 211 contacts the position detection switch 234 installed on the bottom plate 233, it indicates that the synchronous block 212 and the clamping plate 231 have clamped the lifting tool, the position detection switch 234 triggers a signal and transmits it to the control unit, and the control unit receives the position signal and immediately controls the first driving cylinder 232 to stop working. The position detection switch 234 realizes position detection through direct contact with the mounting plate 211, and real-time feedback of the movement state of the mounting plate 211 is provided to the control unit, and the control unit accurately controls the first driving cylinder 232 to stop according to the signal.

[0029] Please refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3In an embodiment, the clamping plate 231 is provided with a proximity switch 231a on one side of the synchronization block 212, and the proximity switch 231a is signal connected with the first driving cylinder 232 through the control unit. When the lifting appliance approaches the proximity switch 231a, the proximity switch 231a triggers and transmits a signal to the control unit, and the control unit controls the vertical adjusting part 22 and the horizontal adjusting part 23 to operate, so that the synchronization block 212 and the clamping plate 231 cooperate to clamp the lifting appliance. In this way, manual triggering of clamping is not required, automatic clamping is achieved, and the labor intensity of the operating personnel is further reduced.

[0030] Please refer to Figure 3 Further, the horizontal adjusting part 23 further comprises an over-travel part 235, the over-travel part 235 comprises an over-travel detection module 235a, a telescopic rod 235b, a detection block 235c, and a fixed block 235d, the fixed block 235d is installed on the bottom plate 233, the telescopic rod 235b is telescopically sleeved on the fixed block 235d, and the extension direction of the telescopic rod 235b is the same as the extension direction of the extension end of the first driving cylinder 232, one end of the telescopic rod 235b is used to abut against the mounting plate 211, the other end of the telescopic rod 235b is provided with the detection block 235c, and the over-travel detection module 235a is used to detect the position of the detection block 235c. In a normal state, the over-travel detection module 235a and the detection block 235c are located on the same horizontal line, and the over-travel detection module 235a is signal connected with the control unit. When the extension end of the first driving cylinder 232 is retracted, the extension end of the first driving cylinder 232 will drive the mounting plate 211 to move towards the telescopic rod 235b. When the mounting plate 211 abuts against the telescopic rod 235b, the mounting plate 211 pushes the telescopic rod 235b to move, and the detection block 235c moves away from the fixed block 235d. Thus, the over-travel detection module 235a cannot detect the detection block 235c, which indicates that the fixed block 235d has over-traveled. The over-travel detection module 235a transmits a signal to the control unit, and the control unit controls the first driving cylinder 232 to stop operating. When the first driving cylinder 232 drives the mounting plate 211 to retract, if the mounting plate 211 moves beyond the preset stroke, the mounting plate 211 will abut against and push the telescopic rod 235b, so that the detection block 235c moves away from the fixed block 235d along with the telescopic rod 235b. At this time, the over-travel detection module 235a originally located on the same horizontal line with the detection block 235c cannot detect the detection block 235c, and immediately sends an over-travel signal to the control unit. The control unit immediately controls the first driving cylinder 232 to stop operating, so as to avoid the mounting plate 211 from colliding with the parts due to excessive movement, and the clamping force between the synchronization block 212 and the clamping plate 231 is too large, which causes damage to the lifting appliance or the synchronization block 212 and the clamping plate 231.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 3Further, the over-limit component 235 further comprises an elastic member 235e and a vertical plate 235f, the vertical plate 235f is formed with an expansion hole 235g, one end of the expansion rod 235b used for abutting against the mounting plate 211 is telescopically installed in the expansion hole 235g, the elastic member 235e is sleeved on the expansion rod 235b, one end of the elastic member 235e is connected with the fixed block 235d, and the other end of the elastic member 235e is connected with the vertical plate 235f. When the mounting plate 211 abuts against the expansion rod 235b and pushes the expansion rod 235b to retract into the expansion hole 235g, the mounting plate 211 can abut against the vertical plate 235f, and a collision between the mounting plate 211 and the vertical plate 235f can occur, and the elastic member 235e can buffer the impact force, thereby protecting the entire over-limit component 235 from rigid impact.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 2 Further, the vertical adjustment component 22 comprises a third driving cylinder 221 and a support portion 222, both of which are arranged on the base 1, the support portion 222 is provided with a third sliding rail 222a arranged in the vertical direction, and the horizontal adjustment component 23 further comprises a falling plate 236 arranged below the bottom plate 233 in the vertical direction, the falling plate 236 is slidably connected with the third sliding rail 222a, the extending end of the third driving cylinder 221 is connected with the bottom plate 233, and a limiting baffle 223 is arranged on the base 1 and used for abutting against the falling plate 236. When receiving a vertical adjustment instruction, the third driving cylinder 221 is started, the extending end thereof pushes the bottom plate 233 connected therewith to move in the vertical direction, and the bottom plate 233 drives the falling plate 236 below to move synchronously. Since the falling plate 236 is slidably connected with the third sliding rail 222a on the support portion 222, the falling plate 236 stably rises or falls under the guidance of the third sliding rail 222a, thereby realizing the overall vertical displacement of the horizontal adjustment component 23. When the bottom plate 233 drives the falling plate 236 to move to a preset position, the falling plate 236 abuts against the limiting baffle 223 on the base 1, the limiting baffle 223 limits the falling plate 236 from continuing to move through mechanical contact, the third driving cylinder 221 is stopped immediately, and the position adjustment in the vertical direction is completed. The third sliding rail 222a on the support portion 222 is arranged in the vertical direction, the falling plate 236 is slidably connected with the sliding rail, thereby providing rigid guiding constraint for the vertical movement of the horizontal adjustment component 23, effectively avoiding the lateral deviation caused by gravity or external force during the movement, and ensuring the straightness and position accuracy of the vertical displacement. The limiting baffle 223 is arranged on the base 1 and abuts against the falling plate 236, thereby forming a hard limiting mechanism, which can directly prevent the third driving cylinder 221 from overextending or retracting due to control error or air pressure fluctuation, prevent the falling plate 236 and the bottom plate 233 from rigidly colliding with the base 1 or other components, and protect the mechanical structure of the vertical adjustment component 22 from being damaged.

[0033] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 4 In an embodiment, the tightening unit 3 further comprises a buffer mechanism 32, the buffer mechanism 32 comprising a telescopic carbon arm 321, a mounting base 322, a driving motor 323, a lead screw 324 and a sliding seat 325, the driving motor 323 being mounted on the mounting base 322, the mounting base 322 being mounted on the base 1, two rotating seats 322a being provided on the mounting base 322, two ends of the lead screw 324 being rotatably provided in the two rotating seats 322a, an output shaft of the driving motor 323 being connected with one end of the lead screw 324 through a shaft coupling, the sliding seat 325 being threadedly connected with the lead screw 324 through a threaded hole, a first sliding rail 322c being formed on the mounting base 322 along a length direction of the lead screw 324, the sliding seat 325 being slidably connected with the first sliding rail 322c, and two ends of the telescopic carbon arm 321 being respectively connected with the sliding seat 325 and the tightening mechanical arm 31. When the tightening mechanical arm 31 is working, a resistance force opposite to the tightening direction is applied on the tightening mechanical arm 31. By arranging the telescopic carbon arm 321 and connecting the telescopic carbon arm 321 with the tightening mechanical arm 31, the resistance force is transmitted to the telescopic carbon arm 321, so that the telescopic carbon arm 321 is retracted, thereby playing a buffering role and preventing the resistance force from damaging the tightening mechanical arm 31. Meanwhile, since the working end of the tightening mechanical arm 31 moves to different positions to realize tightening, during this process, the control unit synchronously controls the driving motor 323 to operate, so that the sliding seat 325 moves on the lead screw 324, and the telescopic carbon arm 321 can be real-time matched with the tightening mechanical arm 31, thereby preventing the telescopic carbon arm 321 from being stretched or retracted to cause buffering failure.

[0034] Please refer to Figure 4 In an embodiment, two limit switches 322b are provided on the mounting base 322 and are spaced apart along a length direction of the first sliding rail 322c, and the two limit switches 322b are both signal-connected with the driving motor 323 through the control unit. The two limit switches 322b limit the moving position of the sliding seat 325, cover each tightening working position of the tightening mechanical arm 31, and ensure normal use of the telescopic carbon arm 321, thereby preventing the telescopic carbon arm 321 from being excessively stretched or retracted due to over-movement of the sliding seat 325.

[0035] Please refer to Figure 5In an embodiment, the switching unit 4 comprises a fixed seat 41 and first position switches 42, the fixed seat 41 is provided with a plurality of spaced card slots 411, the number of first position switches 42 is equal to the number of card slots 411, the sleeve 5 is clamped in the card slot 411, the mounting end of the sleeve 5 is arranged towards the base 1, the first position switch 42 is arranged on the fixed seat 41 and close to the mounting end of the sleeve 5, the first position switch 42 is used to detect whether the tightening mechanical arm 31 is in place, and the first position switch 42 is signal connected with the tightening mechanical arm 31 through the control unit. When the control unit receives the model of the current tightening vehicle, the control unit controls the tightening mechanical arm 31 to switch the corresponding sleeve 5, the tightening mechanical arm 31 moves to the target card slot 411 area of the fixed seat 41, the target card slot 411 clamps the sleeve 5 to be switched, and the mounting end of the sleeve 5 is towards the base 1. As the tightening mechanical arm 31 moves towards the mounting end of the target sleeve 5, when the mechanical arm reaches the preset docking position, the first position switch 42 close to the card slot 411 detects that the tightening mechanical arm 31 is in place, triggers a signal and transmits it to the control unit. After the control unit receives the in-place signal, the control unit controls the tightening mechanical arm 31 to complete the docking with the mounting end of the target sleeve 5, and then the tightening mechanical arm 31 enters the working preparation state, completing the sleeve 5 switching process. The plurality of spaced card slots 411 on the fixed seat 41 can clamp sleeves 5 of different specifications at the same time, and the control unit drives the tightening mechanical arm 31 to switch to the target sleeve 5 corresponding to the target card slot 411, without the need for manual disassembly and replacement of the sleeve 5, meeting the diversified tightening operation requirements and improving the adaptation ability of the equipment to different workpieces. The number of first position switches 42 is equal to the number of card slots 411 and close to the mounting end of the sleeve 5, and each card slot 411 corresponds to an independent in-place detection point. When the tightening mechanical arm 31 moves to the target sleeve 5, the first position switch 42 corresponding to the card slot 411 can directly detect whether the mechanical arm reaches the preset docking position, avoiding the misalignment of the sleeve 5 caused by the movement offset of the mechanical arm, ensuring the accurate docking of the mechanical arm and the mounting end of the sleeve 5 during the switching process, and reducing the docking failure rate. The sleeve 5 is fixed in the card slot 411 by clamping, the mounting end is towards the base 1, and the mechanical arm only needs to dock from the mounting end to complete the switching, which is simple in structure and convenient for pre-installation and maintenance of the sleeve 5; the first position switch 42, the control unit and the tightening mechanical arm 31 form a signal closed loop, without the need for manual observation or manual calibration of the mechanical arm position, realizing full-automatic control of the sleeve 5 switching, reducing manual intervention and improving the switching efficiency.

[0036] Please refer to Figure 5In one embodiment, the switching unit 4 further includes placement blocks 43, the number of which is equal to the number of slots 411. Multiple placement blocks 43 are spaced apart on the fixed base 41, and each placement block 43 corresponds to one slot 411. Each placement block 43 has a placement groove, and the working end of the sleeve 5 engages with the placement groove. The placement blocks 43 and slots 411 are spaced apart and correspond one-to-one. The placement grooves are used to engage the working end of the sleeve 5, providing a double positioning constraint. The working end of the sleeve 5 is fixed by the placement grooves. Combined with the engagement relationship with the slots 411, the axial and radial positions of the sleeve 5 on the fixed base 41 are restricted, preventing the sleeve 5 from tilting, shifting, or shaking due to its own weight or slight external vibrations, ensuring the sleeve 5 maintains a stable posture when not in operation. Simultaneously, the engagement and fixation of the working end by the placement grooves ensures the orientation and positional accuracy of the working end of the sleeve 5. Since the working end is the critical part where the sleeve 5 directly contacts the bolt, its positional stability directly affects the accuracy of the connection during tightening. The placement slot uses physical locking to keep the working end in a preset orientation, avoiding misalignment between the sleeve 5 and the bolt during subsequent tightening due to working end offset, thus improving the reliability of the tightening operation. In addition, multiple placement blocks 43 are spaced apart, making the working ends of each sleeve 5 independent of each other, avoiding collisions or interference between the working ends of sleeves 5 of different specifications due to insufficient spacing. Especially during the process of the robotic arm switching sleeves 5, it can reduce the interference of adjacent sleeves 5 on the docking path of the target sleeve 5, further ensuring the smoothness of the switching process.

[0037] Please see Figure 5In one embodiment, the switching unit 4 further includes a second position switch 44 and an indicator light 45. The number of second position switches 44 and the number of indicator lights 45 are equal to the number of slots 411. The second position switches 44 are mounted on the fixed base 41 and are positioned close to the slots 411. The second position switches 44 are used to detect whether a sleeve 5 is installed on the corresponding slot 411. The indicator lights 45 are mounted on the placement block 43. The second position switches 44 are signal-connected to the indicator lights 45 through the control unit. The second position switches 44, mounted on the fixed base 41 and positioned close to the slots 411, can perform one-to-one sleeve 5 installation status detection for each slot 411. When a sleeve 5 is engaged in the corresponding slot 411, the second position switch 44 triggers a detection signal; if there is no sleeve 5, there is no signal output. This design can accurately identify whether a sleeve 5 is present in each slot 411, avoiding the tightening robot arm 31 from switching to an empty slot 411 due to misjudgment, reducing invalid movement or docking failure, and improving the reliability of sleeve 5 switching. Meanwhile, indicator lights 45 are installed on placement blocks 43 corresponding one-to-one with slots 411. They receive detection signals from the second position switch 44 via the control unit and display the status synchronously. Operators can intuitively and quickly grasp the sleeve 5 configuration of all slots 411 through the indicator lights 45, eliminating the need for manual inspection of each slot 411. This significantly improves the efficiency of confirming the status before sleeve 5 replacement, replenishment, or switching, and reduces human error. Furthermore, the signal closed loop between the second position switch 44 and the indicator lights 45 achieves automated monitoring and visual feedback of the sleeve 5 status, reducing reliance on manual inspection. When a sleeve 5 is missing from a slot 411, the corresponding indicator light 45 will not illuminate, promptly reminding the operator to replenish it. This avoids interruptions in the switching process or delays in tightening operations due to missing sleeves 5, ensuring the continuity and stability of the overall operation.

[0038] Please see Figure 6 and Figure 7In one embodiment, the automatic tightening device 100 further includes a walking unit 6 and a lifting unit 7. The walking unit 6 includes an engine assembly 61 and a drive wheel 62, which are connected in a transmission manner. The lifting unit 7 includes a second drive cylinder 71 and a support base 72. The support base 72 includes a first connecting plate 721 and a second connecting plate 722 that are perpendicularly connected to each other. The cylinder body of the second drive cylinder 71 is rotatably mounted on the first connecting plate 721. The extension shaft of the second drive cylinder 71 is rotatably connected to the engine assembly 61. A second slide rail 722a is provided on the side of the second connecting plate 722 away from the second drive cylinder 71. The engine assembly 61 is slidably connected to the second slide rail 722a. The position detection switch 234 is connected to the second drive cylinder 71 via a control unit signal. When the automatic tightening device 100 is not synchronized with the spreader, the drive wheel 62 is in contact with the bottom surface, and the engine assembly 61 drives the drive wheel 62 to move, which in turn moves the automatic tightening device 100. When the automatic tightening device 100 is synchronized with the spreader, the extension shaft of the second drive cylinder 71 retracts, causing the engine assembly 61 to move upward along the second slide rail 722a. This causes the drive wheel 62 to disengage from the bottom surface. At this time, the movement of the automatic tightening device 100 is dragged forward by the spreader, and the drive wheel 62 becomes ineffective. After all tightening operations are completed, the automatic tightening device 100 loses its power source when it is in synchronous contact with the spreader. The extension shaft of the second drive cylinder 71 extends, pushing the engine assembly 61 downward along the second slide rail 722a, causing the drive wheel 62 to contact the ground. The automatic tightening device 100 needs the drive wheel 62 to provide power to move backward back to the standby position to wait for the next vehicle to enter the work area. In this embodiment, the automatic tightening device 100 is moved by being dragged by the spreader, which reduces operating costs.

[0039] Further, please refer to Figure 6 and Figure 7 The second connecting plate 722 is equipped with an upper limit detection module 722b and a lower limit detection module 722c, which are spaced apart vertically. A protruding plate 621 is provided on the aircraft plate of the drive wheel 62. The upper limit detection module 722b and the lower limit detection module 722c are used to sense the position of the protruding plate 621. The second drive cylinder 71, the upper limit detection module 722b, and the lower limit detection module 722c are all signal-connected to the control unit. The upper limit detection module 722b and the lower limit detection module 722c control the movement range of the drive wheel 62, preventing the engine assembly 61 and the drive wheel 62 from moving beyond their limits, thereby preventing rigid impacts on the components.

[0040] The above are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the present invention specification and drawings under the technical concept of the present invention, or direct / indirect applications in other related technical fields, are included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An automatic tightening device, characterized in that, include: Base; A synchronization unit is disposed on the base. The synchronization unit includes a clamping component, a vertical adjustment component, and a horizontal adjustment component. The protruding end of the vertical adjustment component is connected to the horizontal adjustment component, and the protruding end of the horizontal adjustment component is connected to the clamping component. The clamping component is used to clamp the lifting device. A tightening unit, comprising at least three tightening robotic arms, each of which is equipped with a camera component; A switching unit is disposed on the base, and a plurality of sleeves are installed on the switching unit. The tightening robot arm can run to the switching unit to fit one of the sleeves onto the tightening robot arm. The tightening robot arm uses the sleeve to tighten the bolts on the vehicle. The control unit, the tightening robotic arm, the shooting component, the vertical adjustment component, and the horizontal adjustment component are all signal-connected to the control unit.

2. The automatic tightening device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping component includes a mounting plate, a synchronizing block, and a hinge seat. The hinge seat is mounted on the mounting plate, and the synchronizing block is rotatably mounted on the hinge seat. The protruding end of the horizontal adjustment component is connected to the mounting plate. The horizontal adjustment component is provided with a clamping plate. The clamping plate and the synchronizing block are respectively used to abut against the opposite sides of the lifting device.

3. The automatic tightening device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The horizontal adjustment component includes a first drive cylinder, a base plate, and a position detection switch. The cylinder body of the first drive cylinder is mounted on the base plate, and the base plate is connected to the extended end of the vertical adjustment component. The mounting plate is slidably mounted on the base plate, and the extended end of the first drive cylinder is connected to the mounting plate. The position detection switch is mounted on the base plate and is used to contact the mounting plate. The position detection switch and the first drive cylinder are connected via a signal from the control unit.

4. The automatic tightening device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, A proximity switch is provided on the side of the clamping plate facing the synchronization block, and the proximity switch is signal-connected to the first drive cylinder through the control unit.

5. The automatic tightening device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The tightening unit further includes a buffer mechanism, which includes a telescopic carbon arm, a mounting base, a drive motor, a lead screw, and a sliding seat. The drive motor is mounted on the mounting base, which is mounted on the base. The mounting base has two rotating seats, and the two ends of the lead screw are rotatably mounted on the two rotating seats. The output shaft of the drive motor is connected to the lead screw, and the sliding seat is threadedly connected to the lead screw. A first slide rail is formed on the mounting base along the length of the lead screw, and the sliding seat is slidably connected to the first slide rail. The two ends of the telescopic carbon arm are connected to the sliding seat and the tightening mechanical arm, respectively.

6. The automatic tightening device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The mounting base is provided with two limit switches spaced apart along the length of the first slide rail, and both limit switches are signal-connected to the drive motor through the control unit.

7. The automatic tightening device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The switching unit includes a fixed base and a first positioning switch. The fixed base is provided with a plurality of spaced slots. The number of first positioning switches is equal to the number of slots. The sleeve is engaged with the slots. The mounting end of the sleeve faces the base. The first positioning switch is located on the fixed base and close to the mounting end of the sleeve. The first positioning switch is used to detect whether the tightening robot arm is in position. The first positioning switch is signal-connected to the tightening robot arm through the control unit.

8. The automatic tightening device as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The switching unit further includes placement blocks, the number of which is equal to the number of slots. Multiple placement blocks are spaced apart on the fixed base, and each placement block corresponds to a slot. Each placement block has a placement groove, and the working end of the sleeve engages with the placement groove.

9. The automatic tightening device as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The switching unit further includes a second position switch and an indicator light. The number of the second position switches and the number of the indicator lights are equal to the number of the card slots. The second position switch is installed on the fixing base and is located close to the card slot. The second position switch is used to detect whether the sleeve is installed on the corresponding card slot. The indicator light is installed on the placement block. The second position switch is signal-connected to the indicator light through the control unit.

10. The automatic tightening device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The automatic tightening device further includes a walking unit and a lifting unit. The walking unit includes an engine assembly and a drive wheel. The engine assembly is pulsatorically connected to the drive wheel. The lifting unit includes a second drive cylinder and a support base. The cylinder body of the second drive cylinder is rotatably mounted on the support base. The extension shaft of the second drive cylinder is rotatably connected to the engine assembly. A second slide rail is provided on the side of the support base opposite to the second drive cylinder. The engine assembly is slidably connected to the second slide rail. The position detection switch is signal-connected to the second drive cylinder through the control unit.

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