Efficient internal spline grinding rod microstructure

Abstract

According to the technical scheme, the efficient internal spline grinding rod micro-texture comprises a grinding rod handle rod 1, a grinding head 2 and micro-texture bodies 3, the grinding rod handle rod 1 is of a rod-shaped structure, the grinding head 2 is arranged at one end of the grinding rod handle rod 1, the micro-texture bodies 3 arranged in the same mode are arranged on the two tooth faces of the grinding head 2, and the micro-texture bodies 3 are arranged on the tooth face of the single side. The microtextures 3 are distributed in an array mode at the interval of a first preset interval in the tooth shape direction and distributed in an array mode at the interval of a second preset interval in the tooth direction. And the micro-texture 3 is in the shape of an ellipsoidal micro-texture, a crystal groove type micro-texture, a bowl groove type micro-texture, a unidirectional teardrop type micro-texture, an alternating teardrop type micro-texture or a bidirectional alternating teardrop type micro-texture.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of mechanical structure, and particularly relates to a high-efficiency internal spline lapping stick micro-texture. BACKGROUND

[0002] The internal spline is a connecting device for transmitting torque, and is commonly used in rotating parts in aerospace equipment. In the field of aerospace, the accuracy and reliability of the internal spline are crucial to ensuring the safety and performance of the spacecraft. For the internal spline lapping method, the current processing method is to manually complete the lapping of the internal spline by using a lapping stick and a grinding agent. However, there are many problems such as difficulty in ensuring size accuracy, poor quality, low processing efficiency, and the like, which cannot meet the production demand in large quantities.

[0003] The main problem existing in the traditional internal spline lapping stick is that the participation of the grinding liquid in the lapping process is low, which makes most of the abrasive particles in the grinding liquid unable to participate in the lapping work of the surface of the internal spline workpiece, thereby reducing the lapping efficiency, prolonging the processing time of the workpiece, and increasing the total amount of the grinding liquid required, resulting in an increase in the cost of the lapping process. In addition, the use of excessive grinding liquid may cause scratches on other parts of the workpiece, thereby affecting the overall quality of the workpiece. SUMMARY

[0004] The application provides a high-efficiency internal spline lapping stick micro-texture, which can solve the technical problems of low participation and lapping pressure of abrasive particles in the grinding liquid in the lapping process, high consumption of the grinding liquid, and low lapping efficiency.

[0005] The technical scheme of the application is as follows: a high-efficiency internal spline lapping stick micro-texture, comprising a lapping stick handle 1, a lapping head 2, and a micro-texture 3, wherein: The lapping stick handle 1 is in a rod structure, one end of the lapping stick handle 1 is provided with the lapping head 2, both tooth surfaces of the lapping head 2 are provided with the micro-texture 3 arranged in the same way, on the single-side tooth surface, the micro-texture 3 is arrayed at a first preset interval along the tooth shape direction and at a second preset interval along the tooth direction; the shape of the micro-texture 3 is an ellipsoidal micro-texture, a crystal groove type micro-texture, a bowl groove type micro-texture, a single-direction tear drop type micro-texture, an alternating direction tear drop type micro-texture, or a bidirectional alternating tear drop type micro-texture.

[0006] Specifically, when the micro-texture 3 is an ellipsoidal micro-texture, the structure is a symmetrical ellipsoidal pit structure, and the whole is a smooth transition ellipsoidal local “indentation” on the lapping head surface to form a pit; the length of the major axis of the micro-texture 3 is 0.4 mm, the length of the minor axis is 0.15 mm, and the pit depth is 0.075 mm; the curvature of the pit in each direction is continuous and symmetrical, and there is no obvious corner, and the fluid forms a stable circulating flow field along the ellipsoidal surface. Specifically, when the micro-texture 3 is a crystal groove type micro-texture, the crystal groove type micro-texture is a groove structure formed by a triangular bipyramid "sinking" on the surface of the lapping head, the structure is composed of two symmetrical combinations of co-base triangular pyramids, the micro-texture as a whole presents a shape with a sharp ridge line at the bottom and inclined wall surfaces on both sides, the inclined side walls can guide the flow of lapping liquid, shear vortex is generated near the central ridge line, thereby strengthening the uniformity of abrasive particle distribution and the efficiency of chip discharge; the triangular pyramid structure of the micro-texture 3 is 0.2 mm high, the base is an isosceles triangle with a length of 0.3 mm, a width of 0.2 mm.

[0007] Specifically, when the micro-texture 3 is a bowl groove type micro-texture, the bowl groove type micro-texture is a long strip-shaped groove structure on the surface of the lapping rod, the micro-texture in the surface of the lapping rod presents a long strip-shaped orthographic projection with "circular arc transition at the upper and lower ends and a rectangular section in the middle"; the groove presents a shape of "arc-shaped entrances on both sides and a flat inner cavity in the middle"; the overall shape is the inner cavity of a bowl, the arc-shaped entrances guide the smooth flow of lapping liquid, the inner cavity space makes the fluid form a local vortex to prolong the residence time of abrasive particles, and the pressure gradient generated by the size change of the flow channel also promotes the circulation and update of lapping liquid and the efficient discharge of chips; the groove length of the micro-texture 3 is 0.74 mm, and the width is 0.2 mm.

[0008] Specifically, when the micro-texture 3 is a single-directional tear drop type micro-texture, the single-directional tear drop type micro-texture is an asymmetric arc-shaped groove structure, the micro-texture in the surface of the lapping rod presents a long strip-shaped orthographic projection with "a short rectangular section at the upper end and a long rectangular section at the lower end connected", the whole extends along a specific direction, the contour edge is smooth without corners, and the width is uniform throughout; but there is a distinction between "head" and "tail" along the length direction, one side of the head is a gentle arc, and one side of the tail is a steep arc, forming an asymmetric cross section of "slow in and steep out"; the overall shape is a tear drop shape, the asymmetric circular arc structure makes the fluid flow in a single direction, the pressure gradient is formed by the difference in curvature of the flow channel, which not only strengthens the pressure adhesion of abrasive particles to the workpiece surface to improve the cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chip discharge with the arc-shaped wall surface.

[0009] Specifically, the long strip-shaped orthographic projection of the micro-texture 3 in the surface of the lapping rod has a groove length of 0.5 mm and a width of 0.2 mm; the groove is composed of two arcs with different radii of 0.14 mm and 0.7 mm at the two ends.

[0010] Specifically, when the micro-texture 3 is an alternating-directional tear drop type micro-texture, it is composed of single-directional tear drop type micro-textures arranged alternately in the direction of the lapping rod tooth; Each single-direction tear-drop-shaped micro-texture is an asymmetric arc-shaped groove structure, which has a long-strip-shaped orthographic projection of "short rectangular section on top and long rectangular section on bottom" in the surface of the grinding rod, and extends along a specific direction, has no edges and corners on the profile edge, and has a smooth transition and uniform width from top to bottom throughout; there is a distinction between "head" and "tail" along the length direction, the head side is a gentle arc, and the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetric cross section of "slow in and steep out"; the overall shape is a tear-drop shape, and the asymmetric circular arc structure causes a pressure gradient to be formed by the curvature difference of the flow channel when the fluid flows in a single direction, which not only strengthens the adhesion of abrasive particles to the workpiece surface to improve the cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chip discharge through the arc-shaped wall surface.

[0011] Specifically, when the micro-texture 3 is a bidirectional alternating tear-drop-shaped micro-texture, the bidirectional alternating tear-drop-shaped micro-texture is based on a single-direction tear-drop-shaped micro-texture as a basic unit, and the orientation of the tear-drop-shaped micro-texture is alternately arranged in the tooth shape direction and the tooth direction of the tooth surface of the grinding head, that is, along the tooth shape direction, the orientations of adjacent tear drops are opposite; along the tooth direction, the orientations of adjacent tear drops are also opposite. Each single-direction tear-drop-shaped micro-texture is an asymmetric arc-shaped groove structure, which has a long-strip-shaped orthographic projection of "short rectangular section on top and long rectangular section on bottom" in the surface of the grinding rod, and extends along a specific direction, has no edges and corners on the profile edge, and has a smooth transition and uniform width from top to bottom throughout; there is a distinction between "head" and "tail" along the length direction, the head side is a gentle arc, and the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetric cross section of "slow in and steep out"; the overall shape is a tear-drop shape, and the asymmetric circular arc structure causes a pressure gradient to be formed by the curvature difference of the flow channel when the fluid flows in a single direction, which not only strengthens the adhesion of abrasive particles to the workpiece surface to improve the cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chip discharge through the arc-shaped wall surface.

[0012] Specifically, the first preset interval is 0.3mm~0.5mm; and the second preset interval is 1mm.

[0013] In summary, the present application provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod micro-texture, which has the advantages that: a pressure gradient is formed by the special geometric structure of the micro-texture to produce a pumping effect, the micro-texture inlet flow channel is expanded to reduce the flow rate and increase the pressure, and the outlet flow channel is contracted to increase the flow rate and reduce the pressure. The local vortex prolongs the residence time of abrasive particles and guides the diffusion of fluid through the directional structure, and the fluid dynamic pressure effect is generated by the relative movement of the grinding rod and the workpiece, and the grinding fluid is stored to prevent being squeezed out and continuously supplied through circulation and update to carry away the chips, thereby improving the participation of the grinding fluid and the grinding pressure, reducing the amount of grinding fluid, and improving the grinding efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 An ellipsoidal micro-texture grinding rod overall view is provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 2 Single ellipsoid micro-texture size diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 3 Single ellipsoid micro-texture flushing principle diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 4 Crystal groove micro-texture grinding rod overall diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 5 Single crystal groove micro-texture size diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 6 Single crystal groove micro-texture flushing principle diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 7 Bowl groove micro-texture grinding rod overall diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 8 Single bowl groove micro-texture size diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 9 Single bowl groove micro-texture flushing principle diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 10 Single direction tear drop micro-texture grinding rod overall diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 11 Single direction tear drop micro-texture size diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 12a Single tear drop micro-texture flushing principle diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 12b Another single tear drop micro-texture flushing principle diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 13 Alternating direction tear drop micro-texture grinding rod overall diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 14 Alternating direction tear drop micro-texture structure diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 15 Bidirectional alternating tear drop micro-texture grinding rod overall diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; Figure 16 Bidirectional alternating tear drop micro-texture structure diagram provided for the embodiments of the present application; In the figure: 1, grinding rod handle; 2, grinding head; 3, micro-texture. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The present application provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod micro-texture. When moving up and down in viscous liquid, the fluid near the grinding surface is mainly driven by shear force and pressure gradient. The fluid velocity near the grinding surface is high, and the movement direction is consistent with the vertical direction of the grinding movement. At this time, the inertial force and viscous force of the fluid act together to form a "pumping effect". After the polishing slurry enters the microstructure region, the increased cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channel at the inlet leads to a decrease in flow velocity and an increase in pressure, while the decreased cross-sectional area at the outlet leads to an increase in flow velocity and a decrease in pressure. This pressure gradient constitutes the core driving force of the hydrodynamic effect. Micro-pits or grooves form local vortices in the shear flow, and directional structures such as grooves guide the fluid to diffuse in a specific direction through the anisotropy of droplet wetting. This results in a net pressurization of the fluid. This allows for the control of abrasive behavior, interfacial lubrication, and thermal management, thereby achieving a balance between "efficient material removal" and "precise surface quality control."

[0016] Furthermore, when the grinding rod and the workpiece move relative to each other, the presence of microtexture can act as a hydrodynamic bearing, generating a hydrodynamic effect and producing hydrodynamic pressure between the contact surfaces, which helps to improve the grinding efficiency during grinding.

[0017] Furthermore, the microtexture can also store grinding fluid, preventing it from being squeezed out under load. During the grinding process, it can continuously supply grinding fluid to the mating surfaces and maintain fluid circulation and renewal, carrying away chips and improving grinding efficiency.

[0018] Example 1 like Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture, comprising a grinding rod shank 1, a grinding head 2, and a microtexture 3, wherein: The grinding rod shank 1 is a rod-shaped structure. A grinding head 2 is provided at one end of the grinding rod shank 1. Both tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with microtextures 3 arranged in the same way. On one side of the tooth surface, the microtextures 3 are arranged in an array at a spacing of 0.3 mm along the tooth shape direction and at a spacing of 1 mm along the tooth direction.

[0019] Specifically, microtexture 3 is an ellipsoidal microtexture with a symmetrical ellipsoidal pit structure. The overall structure is a smooth-transitioning ellipsoid with local "indentations" on the surface of the grinding head to form pits.

[0020] Specifically, the major axis of the microtexture 3 is 0.4 mm, the minor axis is 0.15 mm, and the pit depth is 0.075 mm. The curvature of the pit surface in all directions is continuous and symmetrical, with no obvious sharp edges, and the fluid forms a stable circulating flow field along the ellipsoidal surface. It needs to be explained that the application provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod micro-texture, because the structure is a symmetrical structure, so only the one-way state of the left movement of the grinding rod is described, when the grinding fluid flows, the right side inhales liquid due to the gap expansion, the left side discharges liquid due to the gap contraction, and the middle gap maximum area forms a local vortex due to the speed difference between the grinding rod and the workpiece; this flow direction process makes the grinding fluid present a circulation mode of "right side suction-middle vortex mixing-left side discharge", which not only prolongs the residence time of abrasive particles through vortex and enhances the cutting activity, but also efficiently removes chips and dissipates heat through directional flow, and the arc-shaped wall surface guides the formation of a stable lubricating liquid film, thereby synergistically improving the utilization rate of abrasive particles, machining precision and interfacial lubrication performance, to realize multi-dimensional optimization of the grinding process through extremely simple symmetrical design.

[0021] Example two As Figures 4-6 shown, the application provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod micro-texture, which comprises a grinding rod handle 1, a grinding head 2 and a micro-texture 3. The grinding rod handle 1 is a rod-shaped structure, one end of the grinding rod handle 1 is provided with the grinding head 2, and both tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with the same arrangement mode of the micro-texture 3, on the single-sided tooth surface, the micro-texture 3 is arrayed along the tooth shape direction with a spacing of 0.5 mm and along the tooth direction with a spacing of 1 mm.

[0022] Specifically, the micro-texture 3 is a crystal groove type micro-texture, the crystal groove type micro-texture is a groove structure formed by "sinking" a triangular bipyramid on the surface of the grinding head, the structure is composed of two symmetrical combined bottom surface triangular pyramids, the micro-texture as a whole presents a shape with a sharp edge line at the bottom and inclined side walls on both sides, the inclined side walls can guide the diversion of the grinding fluid, shear vortex is easily generated near the center edge line, thereby strengthening the uniformity of abrasive particle distribution and the efficiency of chip discharge.

[0023] Specifically, the triangular pyramid structure of the micro-texture 3 is 0.2 mm high, the bottom surface is an isosceles triangle with a length of 0.3 mm and a width of 0.2 mm.

[0024] Because the structure is a symmetrical structure, only the one-way state of the grinding rod moving to the left side is described. When the grinding fluid flows, the gap of the V-shaped groove on the upstream side expands to suck in the liquid, and the liquid is divided into two paths along the upper and lower inclined surfaces due to the blocking of the middle ridge. Near the ridge, shear vortex is generated due to the velocity gradient and the effect of flow around. The gap on the downstream side contracts to discharge the liquid, showing a flow pattern of "intake and flow on the right side → vortex mixing between ridges → discharge and flow on the left side". In this process, the ridge enhances the uniform distribution of abrasive particles, the vortex prolongs the residence time of abrasive particles and enhances the cutting activity, and the expansion and compression mechanism of the V-shaped groove cooperates to achieve efficient discharge of chips and grinding heat. At the same time, the ridge surface and the inclined surface jointly guide the formation of a stable lubricating film, which breaks through the limitations of the flow state of traditional plane grinding in terms of abrasive particle utilization rate, interface heat dissipation and machining precision, and realizes multi-dimensional improvement of grinding efficiency through structural design.

[0025] Example Three As shown in Figures 7-9 The present application provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod micro-texture, comprising a grinding rod handle 1, a grinding head 2 and a micro-texture 3. The grinding rod handle 1 is a rod-shaped structure, one end of the grinding rod handle 1 is provided with the grinding head 2, and both tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with the same arrangement of micro-textures 3. On the single-sided tooth surface, the micro-textures 3 are arrayed along the tooth shape direction with a spacing of 0.5 mm and along the tooth direction with a spacing of 1 mm.

[0026] Specifically, the micro-texture 3 is a bowl groove type micro-texture, which is a long strip-shaped groove structure on the surface of the grinding rod. In the front view, the micro-texture in the surface of the grinding rod presents a long strip-shaped front projection with "circular arc transition at the upper and lower ends and rectangular section in the middle". From the side view, it can be seen that the groove presents a shape of "arc-shaped entrance on both sides and flat inner cavity in the middle". The overall shape is similar to the inner cavity of a bowl. The arc-shaped entrance can guide the smooth flow of the grinding fluid, and the inner cavity space can form local vortex to prolong the residence time of abrasive particles. In addition, the pressure gradient generated by the size change of the flow channel can also promote the circulation and update of the grinding fluid and the efficient discharge of chips.

[0027] Specifically, the groove length of the micro-texture 3 is 0.74 mm, and the width is 0.2 mm.

[0028] Because the structure is a symmetrical structure, only the principle of the single direction state of the grinding rod moving to the left is described. When the grinding rod moves to the left, the right arc-shaped inlet suddenly expands due to the gap to suck in the grinding liquid, and the liquid diffuses along the arc-shaped wall to the middle of the pit; the gap narrows to make the flow rate suddenly increase, the speed difference between the fast flow dragged by the surface of the grinding rod and the slow flow on the surface of the workpiece is formed to excite local vortex flow, strengthen the mixing of abrasive particles and prolong the residence time of the abrasive particles in the pit; the gap gradually narrows at the left arc-shaped outlet, and the liquid is pushed out by high pressure and flows into the main flow. In this process, the vortex flow enhances the cutting activity of the abrasive particles, the directional flow efficiently removes the cutting chips and grinding heat, and the arc-shaped wall surface stabilizes the lubricating liquid film, from the utilization rate of abrasive particles, machining precision to interface damage protection Example four As shown in Figures 10-12a , Figure 12b , the present application provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod micro-texture, comprising a grinding rod handle 1, a grinding head 2 and a micro-texture 3, wherein: The grinding rod handle 1 is a rod-shaped structure, one end of the grinding rod handle 1 is provided with the grinding head 2, and both tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with the same arrangement mode of the micro-texture 3. On the single-sided tooth surface, the micro-texture 3 is arrayed along the tooth shape direction with a spacing of 0.5 mm and arrayed along the tooth direction with a spacing of 1 mm.

[0029] Specifically, the micro-texture 3 is a single-direction tear-drop type micro-texture, which is a non-symmetrical arc-shaped groove structure. In the front view, the micro-texture has a long strip-shaped orthographic projection in the surface of the grinding rod, which is connected by an upper short rectangular section and a lower long rectangular section, and extends along a specific direction. The contour edge is smooth without corners, and the width is uniform throughout. However, there is a distinction between the "head" and the "tail" along the length direction, and the structure has a significant curvature difference: the head side is gently curved, and the tail side is steeply curved, forming an asymmetric cross section of "slow in and steep out", which is suitable for scenes with uneven liquid inflow on both sides. The overall shape is similar to a tear drop, and the asymmetric circular arc structure can form a pressure gradient through the curvature difference of the flow channel when the fluid flows in a single direction, which can not only strengthen the pressure adhesion of the abrasive particles to the workpiece surface to improve the cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guide the cutting chips out of the arc-shaped wall.

[0030] Specifically, in the front view, the long strip-shaped orthographic projection of the micro-texture 3 in the surface of the grinding rod has a groove length of 0.5 mm and a width of 0.2 mm. As shown in the side view, the groove is composed of two different circular arcs with radii of 0.14 mm and 0.7 mm.

[0031] When the grinding liquid flows to the left along the grinding direction, it flows in from the right side of the micro-texture and flows out from the left side after passing through the concave chamber, and has the following characteristics: Geometrically, the curvature radius of the concave micro-texture on both sides is significantly different, forming an asymmetric profile of "slow-in and steep-out"; from the perspective of fluid mechanics, the curvature difference is used to shape the asymmetric contraction and expansion effect of the flow channel, to regulate the fluid pressure and flow velocity distribution, where the slow side is beneficial to stable liquid inlet, and the steep side promotes the concentrated export of fluid, which can enhance the retention capacity of grinding fluid and optimize the transport of abrasive particles, and improve the interface lubrication and grinding efficiency with the help of hydrodynamic pressure. Compared with the symmetric structure, it is more directional and enhances the fluid mechanics performance in a specific grinding direction.

[0032] When the grinding rod moves to the right, the grinding fluid flows into the left side of the micro-texture and flows out from the right side after entering the concave chamber, which has the following characteristics: When the grinding rod moves to the right, the grinding fluid flow channel changes from "slow-in and steep-out" to "steep-in and slow-out", due to the sudden change of the flow channel cross section, the flow velocity drops sharply and the pressure increases sharply, forming a high pressure area, which can press the abrasive particles more closely to the workpiece, improving the material removal efficiency; while flowing out through the right side with large curvature radius, the flow channel gradually shrinks, the flow resistance is small, and the grinding debris can be smoothly discharged to avoid scratching the workpiece. Thus the utilization rate of abrasive particles, the efficiency of debris removal and the stability of lubrication and cutting of the grinding interface are simultaneously improved. The grinding process is quite different in terms of abrasive particle pressure and abrasive particle circulation time in the micro-texture when the grinding rod moves to the right and left.

[0033] Example Five As shown in Figures 13-14 The present application provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod micro-texture, which comprises a grinding rod handle 1, a grinding head 2 and a micro-texture 3, wherein: The grinding rod handle 1 is a rod-shaped structure, one end of the grinding rod handle 1 is provided with the grinding head 2, and the two tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with the same arrangement mode of the micro-texture 3. On the single-sided tooth surface, the micro-texture 3 is arrayed along the tooth shape direction with a spacing of 0.5 mm and along the tooth direction with a spacing of 1 mm.

[0034] Specifically, the micro-texture 3 is an alternating direction tear-drop-shaped micro-texture, which is composed of single direction tear-drop-shaped micro-textures arranged alternately in positive and negative directions along the direction of the tooth of the grinding rod; the two adjacent single direction tear-drop-shaped micro-textures are opposite in direction, and each single direction tear-drop-shaped micro-texture is an asymmetric arc-shaped groove structure. In the front view, the micro-texture has a long strip-shaped orthographic projection in the surface of the grinding rod, which is connected by a short rectangular section on the top and a long rectangular section on the bottom, and the overall profile extends in a specific direction, with smooth transition and uniform width from top to bottom. However, there is a distinction between the "head" and the "tail" along the length direction, and the structure has a significant curvature difference: the head side is a gentle arc, and the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetric cross section of "slow in and steep out", which is suitable for scenarios where the liquid flow frequency is uneven on both sides. The overall shape is similar to a tear drop, and the asymmetric circular arc structure enables the fluid to form a pressure gradient through the curvature difference of the flow channel when flowing in a single direction, thereby strengthening the pressure adhesion of abrasive particles to the workpiece surface to improve cutting efficiency, and smoothly guiding the chip discharge with the arc-shaped wall surface.

[0035] It should be noted that the shape and size of a single tear-drop-shaped pit are completely consistent with the "single direction tear-drop-shaped", but the directions of adjacent tear-drop-shaped pits are opposite.

[0036] For example, if the "tail of a tear drop is to the left", the "tail of the adjacent tear drop is to the right", so as to balance the fluid mechanics and grinding requirements when the grinding rod moves in both directions.

[0037] Example six As shown in Figures 15-16 The present application provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod micro-texture, which comprises a grinding rod handle 1, a grinding head 2, and a micro-texture 3, wherein: The grinding rod handle 1 is a rod-shaped structure, and the grinding rod handle 1 is provided with a grinding head 2 at one end. The two tooth surfaces of the grinding head 2 are provided with the same arrangement of micro-textures 3. On the single-sided tooth surface, the micro-textures 3 are arrayed at an interval of 0.5 mm along the tooth shape direction and at an interval of 1 mm along the tooth direction.

[0038] Specifically, the micro-texture 3 is a bidirectional alternating tear-drop-shaped micro-texture, which is based on a unidirectional tear-drop-shaped micro-texture as a basic unit, and in the tooth shape direction and the tooth direction of the grinding head tooth surface, the orientation of the tear-drop-shaped micro-texture is alternately arranged in both directions, that is, along the tooth shape direction, the orientations of adjacent tear drops are opposite; along the tooth direction, the orientations of adjacent tear drops are also opposite; each unidirectional tear-drop-shaped micro-texture is an asymmetric arc-shaped groove structure, in the front view, the micro-texture presents a long strip-shaped orthographic projection of "short rectangular section on top and long rectangular section on bottom" on the surface of the grinding rod, the whole extends along a specific direction, the contour edge is smooth without corners, and the width is uniform throughout; but there is a distinction between "head" and "tail" along the length direction, and the structure has a significant curvature difference: the head side is a gentle arc, and the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetric cross section of "slow in and steep out", which is suitable for scenarios where the liquid frequency on both sides is uneven. The overall shape is similar to a tear drop, and the asymmetric circular arc structure enables the fluid to form a pressure gradient through the flow channel curvature difference when flowing in a single direction, which not only strengthens the pressure adhesion of abrasive particles to the workpiece surface to improve cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chip discharge through the arc-shaped wall.

[0039] It should be noted that this bidirectional alternating design not only retains the characteristics of the unidirectional tear-drop-shaped micro-texture in regulating fluid pressure and abrasive particle distribution through asymmetric contours, but also adapts to the multi-directional movement requirements in the grinding process, reduces the processing blind area, and improves the overall grinding uniformity.

[0040] According to the description of the principle of the unidirectional tear-drop-shaped micro-texture, in the grinding process, the grinding fluid enters the micro-texture in different directions with different effects. The use of alternating direction tear-drop-shaped micro-texture and bidirectional alternating tear-drop-shaped micro-texture not only makes it possible to take advantage of the unidirectional micro-texture in the grinding process, but also ensures the uniformity of the processing, and simultaneously enhances the abrasive particle pressure and the retention ability of the abrasive particles in the grinding process during the movement of the grinding rod in the same direction, which has greater grinding advantages and achieves overall improvement in efficiency, precision, stability, and versatility.

[0041] In summary, the present application provides a high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod micro-texture, which has the advantages of: forming a pressure gradient to produce a pumping effect through the special geometric structure of the micro-texture, expanding the inlet flow channel of the micro-texture to reduce the flow rate and increase the pressure, and contracting the outlet flow channel to increase the flow rate and reduce the pressure. Utilizing local vortex to prolong the retention time of abrasive particles and guiding fluid diffusion through directional structure, the fluid dynamic pressure effect is generated by the relative movement of the grinding rod and the workpiece, and the grinding fluid storage is realized to prevent being squeezed out and continuously supply liquid by circulating update to carry away the chips, which improves the participation of the grinding fluid and the grinding pressure, reduces the amount of grinding fluid, and improves the grinding efficiency.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture, characterized in that, Includes a grinding rod shank (1), a grinding head (2), and a microtexture (3), wherein: The grinding rod shank (1) is a rod-shaped structure. A grinding head (2) is provided at one end of the grinding rod shank (1). Both tooth surfaces of the grinding head (2) are provided with microtextures (3) arranged in the same way. On one side of the tooth surface, the microtextures (3) are arranged in an array at a first preset interval along the tooth shape direction and at a second preset interval along the tooth direction. The shape of the microtextures (3) is an ellipsoidal microtexture, a crystal groove microtexture, a bowl groove microtexture, a unidirectional teardrop microtexture, an alternating direction teardrop microtexture, or a bidirectional alternating teardrop microtexture.

2. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the microtexture (3) is an ellipsoidal microtexture, the structure is a symmetrical ellipsoidal pit structure. The whole is a smooth transition ellipsoid with local "indentation" on the surface of the grinding head to form pits. The major axis of the microtexture (3) is 0.4 mm, the minor axis is 0.15 mm, and the pit depth is 0.075 mm. The curvature of the surface of the pit is continuous and symmetrical in all directions, with no obvious sharp corners. The fluid forms a stable circulating flow field along the ellipsoidal surface.

3. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the microtexture (3) is a crystal groove type microtexture, the crystal groove type microtexture is a groove structure formed by the "indentation" of a triangular double pyramid on the surface of the grinding head. Its structure is composed of two triangular pyramids with a common base. The microtexture as a whole presents a shape with a sharp edge at the bottom and inclined walls on both sides. The inclined side walls can guide the flow of grinding fluid, and shear vortices are generated near the central edge, thereby enhancing the uniformity of abrasive distribution and chip removal efficiency. The triangular pyramid structure of the microtexture (3) is an isosceles triangle with a height of 0.2 mm, a base length of 0.3 mm, and a width of 0.2 mm.

4. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the microtexture (3) is a bowl-groove type microtexture, the bowl-groove type microtexture is a long strip groove structure on the surface of the grinding rod. The microtexture is a long strip orthographic projection with "rounded transition at the top and bottom and a rectangular section in the middle" on the surface of the grinding rod. The groove has the shape of "arc-shaped entrances on both sides and a flat inner cavity in the middle". The overall shape is the inner cavity of a bowl. The arc-shaped inlet guides the grinding fluid to flow smoothly. The inner cavity space causes the fluid to form a local vortex to prolong the residence time of the abrasive particles. The pressure gradient generated by the change in the flow channel size also promotes the circulation and renewal of the grinding fluid and the efficient discharge of chips. The groove length of the microtexture (3) is 0.74 mm and the width is 0.2 mm.

5. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the microtexture (3) is a unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture, the unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture is an asymmetric arc-shaped groove structure. The microtexture is a long strip-shaped orthographic projection with "upper short rectangular segment and lower long rectangular segment connecting" in the surface of the grinding rod. The whole extends along a specific direction, with no sharp edges on the contour edge, smooth transition, and uniform width throughout the entire process. However, there is a distinction between "head" and "tail" along the length direction. The head side is a gentle arc, and the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetric cross section with "gentle entry and steep exit". The overall shape is teardrop-shaped. The asymmetric arc structure allows the fluid to form a pressure gradient through the curvature difference of the flow channel when flowing in a single direction. This not only strengthens the adhesion of abrasive particles to the workpiece surface to improve cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chips out with the help of the arc-shaped wall.

6. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 5, characterized in that, The microtexture (3) is a long strip orthographic projection on the surface of the grinding rod. The groove is 0.5 mm long and 0.2 mm wide. The groove is composed of two different arcs with radii of 0.14 mm and 0.7 mm.

7. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the microtexture (3) is an alternating direction teardrop microtexture, it is composed of alternating positive and negative unidirectional teardrop microtextures along the tooth direction of the grinding rod; the orientations of two adjacent unidirectional teardrop microtextures are opposite. Each unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture is an asymmetrical arc-shaped groove structure. This microtexture appears as a long strip-shaped orthographic projection on the surface of the grinding rod, with a "connection between the upper short rectangular segment and the lower long rectangular segment". It extends along a specific direction, with no sharp edges on the contour edge, a smooth transition, and a uniform width throughout. There is a distinction between the "head" and the "tail" along the length direction. The head side is a gentle arc, while the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetrical cross-section of "gentle entry and steep exit". The overall shape is teardrop-shaped. The asymmetrical arc structure allows the fluid to flow in one direction, forming a pressure gradient through the curvature difference of the flow channel. This not only enhances the adhesion of abrasive grains to the workpiece surface to improve cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chips out with the help of the arc-shaped wall.

8. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the microtexture (3) is a bidirectional alternating teardrop microtexture, the bidirectional alternating teardrop microtexture is based on the unidirectional teardrop microtexture as the basic unit. In both the tooth profile direction and the tooth direction of the grinding head tooth surface, the teardrop microtexture is arranged in an alternating orientation—that is, along the tooth profile direction, the orientations of adjacent teardrops are opposite; along the tooth direction, the orientations of adjacent teardrops are also opposite. Each unidirectional teardrop-shaped microtexture is an asymmetrical arc-shaped groove structure. This microtexture appears as a long strip-shaped orthographic projection on the surface of the grinding rod, with a "connection between the upper short rectangular segment and the lower long rectangular segment". It extends along a specific direction, with no sharp edges on the contour edge, a smooth transition, and a uniform width throughout. There is a distinction between the "head" and the "tail" along the length direction. The head side is a gentle arc, while the tail side is a steep arc, forming an asymmetrical cross-section of "gentle entry and steep exit". The overall shape is teardrop-shaped. The asymmetrical arc structure allows the fluid to flow in one direction, forming a pressure gradient through the curvature difference of the flow channel. This not only enhances the adhesion of abrasive grains to the workpiece surface to improve cutting efficiency, but also smoothly guides the chips out with the help of the arc-shaped wall.

9. The high-efficiency internal spline grinding rod microtexture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first preset interval is 0.3mm~0.5mm; the second preset interval is 1mm.

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