Carbonization device and biomass fuel preparation method

Abstract

The invention provides a carbonization device and a biomass fuel preparation method. The carbonization device provided by the invention comprises a shell which is provided with a material inlet, a material outlet, a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet; the plurality of sealing doors are arranged in the shell at intervals in the vertical direction, a cavity of the shell is divided into a plurality of sub-cavities which are sequentially arranged in the vertical direction by the plurality of sealing doors, the plurality of sub-cavities comprise a carbonization cavity, the smoke inlet and the smoke outlet are communicated with the carbonization cavity, at least one sub-cavity is arranged above and below the carbonization cavity, and the smoke inlet and the smoke outlet are communicated with the carbonization cavity. The material inlet is communicated with the uppermost sub-cavity, and the material outlet is communicated with the lowermost sub-cavity; a stirring and throwing device; the cooling device is arranged on the shell, and the cooling device is used for cooling the biomass raw materials in the at least one sub-cavity. The carbonization device is high in heat exchange efficiency, short in carbonization time and high in safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solid waste disposal technology, specifically to a carbonization device and a method for preparing biomass fuel. Background Technology

[0002] Biomass waste, as an abundant renewable resource, has become a field of great interest in resource utilization. Biomass waste mainly includes agricultural waste (such as straw, rice husks, and livestock manure), forestry waste (such as branches, leaves, and wood processing residues), industrial waste (such as sugarcane bagasse and black liquor from papermaking), and the organic components of urban household waste (such as kitchen waste and agricultural and forestry waste). If these biomass wastes are not properly treated and utilized, they will not only waste resources but also put enormous pressure on the environment. There are various ways to utilize biomass waste. Among them, energy utilization is one of the most common methods. The temperature inside a boiler furnace is high, so the effective treatment of solid waste using high-temperature flue gas has received considerable attention from scholars. However, extracting high-temperature flue gas creates a negative pressure environment in the system, making it easy for oxygen to enter during feeding and carbonization processes, potentially causing combustion or explosions. Furthermore, there is currently a lack of continuous carbonization equipment that allows high-temperature flue gas to directly contact biomass and meet the residence time required for thorough drying and carbonization. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in related technologies. To this end, embodiments of this invention provide a carbonization apparatus and a method for preparing biomass fuel.

[0004] The carbonization apparatus of this invention includes:

[0005] The housing has a material inlet, a material outlet, a flue gas inlet, and a flue gas outlet, wherein the material inlet is located above the material outlet, and the flue gas outlet is located above the flue gas inlet;

[0006] Multiple closed doors are spaced apart in the vertical direction within the housing, dividing the housing cavity into multiple sub-cavities arranged sequentially in the vertical direction. When the closed doors are closed, the sub-cavities located on both sides of the closed doors in the vertical direction are separated. When the closed doors are open, the sub-cavities located on both sides of the closed doors in the vertical direction are connected. The multiple sub-cavities include a carbonization chamber. The flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet are connected to the carbonization chamber. At least one sub-cavity is provided above and below the carbonization chamber. The material inlet is connected to the uppermost sub-cavity, and the material outlet is connected to the lowermost sub-cavity.

[0007] A stirring and throwing device, comprising a first driver and a stirrer, wherein the first driver is connected to the stirrer and is used to drive the stirrer to rotate, and the stirrer is disposed inside the carbonization chamber;

[0008] A cooling device is provided on the housing, located above the carbonization chamber, and located around at least one of the sub-cavities. The cooling device is used to cool the biomass raw materials in at least one of the sub-cavities.

[0009] The carbonization device according to the embodiments of the present invention has high heat exchange efficiency, short carbonization time, and high safety.

[0010] In some embodiments, the plurality of sub-cavities further include a first cavity, a second cavity, a third cavity, and a fourth cavity, wherein the first cavity, the second cavity, the carbonization cavity, the third cavity, and the fourth cavity are arranged sequentially from top to bottom;

[0011] The material inlet is located at the top of the housing and communicates with the first cavity, and the material outlet is located at the bottom of the housing and communicates with the fourth cavity;

[0012] The cooling device is located on the outer periphery of the second cavity and is used to cool the biomass raw materials inside the second cavity.

[0013] In some embodiments, there is one second cavity, or there are multiple second cavities arranged sequentially in the vertical direction;

[0014] The third cavity may be one or more, with the multiple third cavities arranged sequentially in the vertical direction.

[0015] In some embodiments, the plurality of closed doors include a first closed door, a second closed door, a third closed door, and a fourth closed door arranged at intervals from top to bottom;

[0016] The first closed door and the inner wall surface of the housing located above the first closed door define the first cavity;

[0017] The first closed door, the second closed door, and the inner wall surface of the housing located between the first closed door and the second closed door define the second cavity;

[0018] The carbonization chamber is defined by the inner wall surface of the second closed door, the third closed door, and the housing located between the second closed door and the third closed door;

[0019] The third closed door, the fourth closed door, and the inner wall surface of the housing located between the third closed door and the fourth closed door define the third cavity;

[0020] The fourth enclosure and the inner wall surface of the housing located below the fourth enclosure define the fourth cavity.

[0021] In some embodiments, the housing includes a first housing, a second housing, and a third housing arranged sequentially from top to bottom, wherein adjacent units of the first housing, the second housing, and the third housing are connected by flanges;

[0022] The first and second closed doors are located inside the first housing, and the third and fourth closed doors are located inside the third housing.

[0023] In some embodiments, each of the first closed door, the second closed door, the third closed door, and the fourth closed door is a double door comprising two door bodies;

[0024] And / or, each of the first closed door, the second closed door, the third closed door, and the fourth closed door is an electric door connected to the second actuator.

[0025] In some embodiments, the first driver and the stirrer are disposed on the second housing, and the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet are formed on the second housing;

[0026] The material inlet is located at the top of the first housing, and the material outlet is located at the bottom of the third housing;

[0027] The first closed door and the third closed door are connected by a synchronizing element so that the first closed door and the third closed door open or close synchronously, and the second closed door and the fourth closed door are connected by a synchronizing element so that the second closed door and the fourth closed door open or close synchronously.

[0028] In some embodiments, the flue gas inlet is inclined downwards and is located at the lower part of the carbonization chamber;

[0029] The cooling device includes a water-cooled jacket, which has a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet.

[0030] The stirrer includes a stirring shaft and multiple stirring blades. The multiple stirring blades are spaced apart on the stirring shaft along its axial and circumferential directions. The end of each stirring blade is bent along either the clockwise or counterclockwise rotation direction of the stirring shaft.

[0031] The present invention also proposes a method for preparing biomass fuel using the above-mentioned carbonization device, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Flue gas is introduced into the carbonization chamber through the flue gas inlet to pyrolyze the biomass raw materials in the carbonization chamber;

[0033] The first driver is turned on to rotate the stirrer in order to stir the biomass raw materials in the carbonization chamber;

[0034] The biomass raw materials in the second chamber are cooled using a cooling device;

[0035] Open the closed door at the bottom of the second cavity so that biomass raw materials can be introduced into the carbonization cavity for carbonization;

[0036] After the biomass raw material in the carbonization chamber is carbonized into biomass fuel, the closed door at the bottom of the carbonization chamber is opened so that the biomass fuel in the carbonization chamber can enter the third chamber.

[0037] In some embodiments, after the closed door at the bottom of the carbonization chamber is closed, the closed door at the bottom of the third chamber is opened;

[0038] The sealing door at the bottom of the first cavity and the sealing door at the bottom of the carbonization cavity open and close synchronously;

[0039] The sealing door at the bottom of the second cavity and the sealing door at the bottom of the fourth cavity open and close synchronously;

[0040] The biomass feedstock in the second chamber is cooled using a cooling device so that the temperature rise of the biomass feedstock entering the second chamber is less than or equal to 40°C.

[0041] The carbonization chamber carbonizes biomass raw materials for a time that is greater than or equal to 4 minutes and less than or equal to 6 minutes. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a front view of a carbonization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a side view of a carbonization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 3 This is an internal view of a carbonization apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] Reference numerals: 9. Carbonization device; 91. Shell; 911. Material inlet; 912. Material outlet; 913. Flue gas inlet; 914. Flue gas outlet; 915. First shell; 916. Second shell; 917. Third shell; 918. Sealing flange; 92. Agitator; 921. Agitator shaft; 922. Agitator blades; 93. First chamber; 94. Second chamber; 95. Carbonization chamber; 96. Third chamber; 97. Fourth chamber; 981. First sealing door; 982. Second sealing door; 983. Third sealing door; 984. Fourth sealing door; 99. Water cooling jacket; 991. Cooling water inlet; 992. Cooling water outlet. Detailed Implementation

[0046] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0047] The carbonization apparatus of embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the carbonization apparatus 9 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 91, a plurality of closed doors, a stirring and throwing device, and a cooling device.

[0048] The housing 91 has a material inlet 911, a material outlet 912, a flue gas inlet 913, and a flue gas outlet 914. The material inlet 911 is located above the material outlet 912, and the flue gas outlet 914 is located above the flue gas inlet 913. Specifically, the housing 91 includes a first housing 915, a second housing 916, and a third housing 917 arranged sequentially from top to bottom. Each of the first housing 915, the second housing 916, and the third housing 917 extends in a vertical direction, and adjacent pairs of the first housing 915, the second housing 916, and the third housing 917 are connected by a flange (sealing flange 918).

[0049] A material inlet 911 is located at the top of the first shell 915, through which biomass feedstock is introduced into the shell 91. A material outlet 912 is located at the bottom of the third shell 917, through which biomass fuel is discharged from the shell 91. A flue gas inlet 913 and a flue gas outlet 914 are located on the second shell 916. For example, the inner and outer perimeters of the cross-sections of the first shell 915, the second shell 916, and the third shell 917 are all rectangular.

[0050] Multiple closed doors are spaced apart in the vertical direction within the housing 91, dividing the cavity of the housing 91 into multiple sub-cavities arranged sequentially in the vertical direction. When the closed doors are closed, the two sub-cavities located on either side of the closed door in the vertical direction are separated; when the closed doors are open, the two sub-cavities located on either side of the closed door in the vertical direction are connected.

[0051] Multiple sub-cavities, including a carbonization cavity 95, a flue gas inlet 913, and a flue gas outlet 914, are connected to the carbonization cavity 95. Specifically, the flue gas inlet 913 (in its extending direction) is inclined downwards and located at the lower part of the carbonization cavity 95, while the flue gas outlet 914 is located at the upper part of the carbonization cavity 95. Thus, high-temperature flue gas can be introduced into the carbonization cavity 95 through the flue gas inlet 913 to pyrolyze and carbonize the biomass feedstock within the carbonization cavity 95, thereby generating biomass fuel. The heat-exchanged flue gas can be discharged from the flue gas outlet 914. The high-temperature flue gas has a low oxygen content, which results in a low oxygen content within the carbonization cavity 95, facilitating the carbonization of the biomass feedstock.

[0052] At least one sub-cavity is provided above and below the carbonization chamber 95. The material inlet 911 is connected to the uppermost sub-cavity, and the material outlet 912 is connected to the lowermost sub-cavity. Before entering the carbonization chamber 95, the biomass feedstock can pass through at least one sub-cavity above the carbonization chamber 95; after exiting the carbonization chamber 95, the biomass feedstock can pass through at least one sub-cavity below the carbonization chamber 95, thereby reducing the amount of oxygen introduced into the carbonization chamber 95.

[0053] The mixing and feeding device includes a first driver and a stirrer 92. The first driver is connected to the stirrer 92 and drives the stirrer 92 to rotate. The stirrer 92 is located inside the carbonization chamber 95. The stirrer 92 is used to stir the biomass raw materials in the carbonization chamber 95, thereby allowing the biomass raw materials in the carbonization chamber 95 to fully contact the flue gas. The stirrer 92 accelerates heat exchange through stirring, and at the same time peels off the surface of the objects to be carbonized, exposing the internal structure again, thereby increasing the carbonization speed. This facilitates carbonization and improves carbonization efficiency. Furthermore, the stirrer 92 can crush the biomass raw materials, resulting in small particle size of the produced biomass fuel. For example, the first driver is a motor with variable frequency control. High-temperature bearings are installed at both ends of the stirrer 92, and the stirrer 92 is connected to the first driver through a coupling.

[0054] like Figure 3As shown, in some embodiments, a first actuator and a stirrer 92 are mounted on a second housing 916. The stirrer 92 includes a stirring shaft 921 and a plurality of stirring blades 922, which are spaced apart axially and circumferentially along the stirring shaft 921. The end of each stirring blade 922 is bent along either a clockwise or counterclockwise rotation direction of the stirring shaft 921. That is, the end of each stirring blade 922 is bent along the clockwise rotation direction of the stirring shaft 921, or the end of each stirring blade 922 is bent along the counterclockwise rotation direction of the stirring shaft 921.

[0055] A cooling device is mounted on the housing 91, located above the carbonization chamber 95, and situated around at least one sub-chamber. The cooling device is used to cool the biomass feedstock within the at least one sub-chamber. This cooling device effectively reduces the likelihood of combustion of the biomass feedstock within the sub-chamber above the carbonization chamber 95.

[0056] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the multiple sub-cavities also include a first cavity 93, a second cavity 94, a third cavity 96 and a fourth cavity 97, and multiple sealing doors including a first sealing door 981, a second sealing door 982, a third sealing door 983 and a fourth sealing door 984 arranged sequentially from top to bottom.

[0057] The first chamber 93, the second chamber 94, the carbonization chamber 95, the third chamber 96, and the fourth chamber 97 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom, and the first sealing door 981, the second sealing door 982, the third sealing door 983, and the fourth sealing door 984 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom. Therefore, by controlling the opening and closing of the first sealing door 981, the second sealing door 982, the third sealing door 983, and the fourth sealing door 984, the material inlet 911 and the material outlet 912 are not directly connected to the carbonization chamber 95, thereby further reducing the amount of external oxygen entering the carbonization chamber 95.

[0058] The material inlet 911 is located at the top of the shell 91 and communicates with the first cavity 93. The first sealing door 981 and the inner wall surface of the shell 91 above the first sealing door 981 define the first cavity 93. This allows biomass raw materials to enter the first cavity 93 from the material inlet 911 and be supported by the first sealing door 981.

[0059] The first sealing door 981, the second sealing door 982, and the inner wall surface of the shell 91 located between the first sealing door 981 and the second sealing door 982 define a second cavity 94. The second sealing door 982, the third sealing door 983, and the inner wall surface of the shell 91 located between the second sealing door 982 and the third sealing door 983 define a carbonization cavity 95. Specifically, the second sealing door 982 is used to support the biomass in the second cavity 94, and the third sealing door 983 is used to support the biomass in the carbonization cavity 95. The first sealing door 981 and the second sealing door 982 are not opened simultaneously to prevent external oxygen from directly entering the carbonization cavity 95. When the second sealing door 982 is closed, the first sealing door 981 can be opened so that the biomass material in the first cavity 93 can be introduced into the second cavity 94. When the first sealing door 981 is closed, the second sealing door 982 can be opened so that the biomass material in the second cavity 94 can be introduced into the carbonization cavity 95 for carbonization.

[0060] Material outlet 912 is located at the bottom of housing 91 and communicates with fourth cavity 97. Third sealing door 983, fourth sealing door 984 and the inner wall surface of housing 91 located between third sealing door 983 and fourth sealing door 984 define third cavity 96. Fourth sealing door 984 and the inner wall surface of housing 91 located below fourth sealing door 984 define fourth cavity 97.

[0061] Specifically, the fourth sealing door 984 is used to support the biomass within the third chamber 96. The third sealing door 983 and the fourth sealing door 984 are not opened simultaneously to prevent external oxygen from directly entering the carbonization chamber 95. When the fourth sealing door 984 is closed, the third sealing door 983 can be opened to allow the biomass feedstock within the carbonization chamber 95 to enter the third chamber 96. When the third sealing door 983 is closed, the fourth sealing door 984 can be opened to allow the biomass within the third chamber 96 to enter the fourth chamber 97 and be discharged from the shell 91 via the material evacuation 912.

[0062] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the cooling device is located on the outer periphery of the second chamber 94 and is used to cool the biomass feedstock inside the second chamber 94. The cooling device includes a water-cooled jacket 99, which has a cooling water inlet 991 and a cooling water outlet 992. Specifically, cooling water enters through the cooling water inlet 991 located at the lower end of the water-cooled jacket 99 via an inlet pipe, and after heat exchange, flows out through the cooling water outlet 992 located at the upper end of the water-cooled jacket 99 to the return pipe, thereby cooling the biomass feedstock inside the second chamber 94.

[0063] In some embodiments, there is one second cavity 94. Alternatively, there are multiple second cavities 94, which are arranged sequentially in the vertical direction, and a sealing door is provided between two adjacent second cavities 94.

[0064] In some embodiments, there is one third cavity 96. Alternatively, there are multiple third cavities 96 arranged sequentially in the vertical direction, with a sealing door between adjacent third cavities 96.

[0065] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the first sealing door 981 and the second sealing door 982 are located inside the first housing 915, and the third sealing door 983 and the fourth sealing door 984 are located inside the third housing 917. Specifically, the second sealing door 982 is located in the lower part of the first housing 915, and the third sealing door 983 is located in the upper part of the third housing 917.

[0066] In some embodiments, each of the first closed door 981, the second closed door 982, the third closed door 983, and the fourth closed door 984 is a double door comprising two door bodies. And / or, each of the first closed door 981, the second closed door 982, the third closed door 983, and the fourth closed door 984 is an electrically operated door connected to a second actuator. Specifically, each of the first closed door 981, the second closed door 982, the third closed door 983, and the fourth closed door 984 includes two downwardly rotatable door bodies. The second actuator can drive the two door bodies downward to open the closed door, and the second actuator can drive the two door bodies upward to close the closed door. This allows biomass feedstock to easily fall from the middle position of the sub-cavities (first cavity 93, second cavity 94, carbonization cavity 95, third cavity 96, and fourth cavity 97). For example, the second drive is a motor, and each of the first closed door 981, the second closed door 982, the third closed door 983, and the fourth closed door 984 is connected to the corresponding motor via a coupling.

[0067] In some embodiments, the first closed door 981 and the third closed door 983 are connected by a synchronizing element so that the first closed door 981 and the third closed door 983 open or close synchronously, and the second closed door 982 and the fourth closed door 984 are connected by a synchronizing element so that the second closed door 982 and the fourth closed door 984 open or close synchronously. Specifically, the rotation shafts of the door bodies of the first closed door 981 and the third closed door 983 extend to the outside of the housing 91 and are connected by a linkage device so that the first closed door 981 and the third closed door 983 open or close synchronously; the rotation shafts of the door bodies of the second closed door 982 and the fourth closed door 984 extend to the outside of the housing 91 and are connected by a linkage device so that the second closed door 982 and the fourth closed door 984 open or close synchronously, thereby improving work efficiency.

[0068] The present invention also proposes a method for preparing biomass fuel using a carbonization device 9 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method for preparing biomass fuel according to an embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0069] Flue gas is introduced into the carbonization chamber 95 through the flue gas inlet 913 so as to pyrolyze the biomass raw materials in the carbonization chamber 95.

[0070] The first drive is activated to rotate the agitator 92, thus stirring the biomass material in the carbonization chamber 95. The cooling device is used to cool the biomass material in the second chamber 94. Specifically, the first drive of the stirring and feeding device is turned on and adjusted to an appropriate frequency to rotate the agitator 92. The agitator 92 accelerates heat exchange and also provides a certain degree of crushing. Cooling water is connected, allowing it to fill the water-cooled jacket 99 from bottom to top. The water-cooled jacket lowers the temperature of the second chamber 94, preventing the biomass inside from reaching its ignition temperature and spontaneously combusting due to heat conduction. The upstream feeding device is activated to transport the biomass material into the first chamber 93.

[0071] In some embodiments, a cooling device is used to cool the biomass feedstock in the second chamber 94 so that the temperature rise of the biomass feedstock entering the second chamber 94 is less than or equal to 40°C. Specifically, the cooling device cools the biomass feedstock entering the second chamber 94 to reduce the temperature influence of the carbonization chamber 95 on the biomass feedstock in the second chamber 94. The cooling device ensures that the temperature rise of the biomass feedstock entering the second chamber 94 is less than or equal to 40°C, that is, after the biomass feedstock enters the second chamber 94, the temperature rise of the biomass feedstock entering the second chamber 94 is less than or equal to 40°C due to the cooling effect of the cooling device. For example, if the ambient temperature (biomass feedstock) is 10°C, the temperature of the biomass feedstock entering the second chamber 94 does not exceed 50°C; if the ambient temperature (biomass feedstock) is 30°C, the temperature of the biomass feedstock entering the second chamber 94 does not exceed 70°C.

[0072] Open the closed door at the bottom of the second chamber 94 so that biomass raw materials can be introduced into the carbonization chamber 95 for carbonization.

[0073] In some embodiments, the sealing door at the bottom of the first cavity 93 and the sealing door at the bottom of the carbonization cavity 95 open and close simultaneously, and the sealing door at the bottom of the second cavity 94 and the sealing door at the bottom of the fourth cavity 97 open and close simultaneously. That is, the third sealing door 983 opens and closes simultaneously with the first sealing door 981, and the fourth sealing door 984 opens and closes simultaneously with the second sealing door 982.

[0074] Specifically, when the first sealing door 981 is opened, biomass enters the second chamber 94 from the first chamber 93. Since the third sealing door 983 and the first sealing door 981 are opened simultaneously, if there is material in the carbonization chamber 95, it will enter the third chamber 96.

[0075] Flue gas at 550℃ to 600℃ enters the carbonization chamber 95 through the flue gas inlet 913 located on the side of the bottom. The second sealing door 982 is opened, and biomass enters the carbonization chamber 95 from the second chamber 94. Under the action of the stirring and throwing device, the high-temperature flue gas and biomass exchange heat fully and are then discharged through the high-temperature flue gas outlet 914 located on the side of the top of the carbonization chamber 95. Because the fourth sealing door 984 opens simultaneously with the second sealing door 982, if there is material in the third chamber 96, it will enter the fourth chamber 97.

[0076] After the biomass raw materials in the carbonization chamber 95 are carbonized into biomass fuel, the closed door at the bottom of the carbonization chamber 95 is opened so that the biomass fuel in the carbonization chamber 95 can be introduced into the third chamber 96.

[0077] Specifically, after a suitable carbonization time, the third sealing door 983 is opened, and the carbonized material enters the third chamber 96 from the carbonization chamber 95. Since the first sealing door 981 and the third sealing door 983 are opened at the same time, the material in the first chamber 93 enters the second chamber 94.

[0078] The carbonized material enters the fourth chamber 97 from the third chamber 96. The bottom of the fourth chamber 97 is provided with a material outlet 912, which is connected to a downstream discharge device (such as a screw conveyor) via a flange to transport the carbonized material to the next stage equipment. Because the second sealing door 982 and the fourth sealing door 984 open simultaneously, the material in the second chamber 94 enters the carbonization chamber 95.

[0079] In some embodiments, the carbonization time of the biomass feedstock in the carbonization chamber 95 is greater than or equal to 4 minutes and less than or equal to 6 minutes. For example, the carbonization time of the biomass feedstock in the carbonization chamber 95 is 5 minutes. By controlling the temperature of the mixed flue gas and the residence time of the reed material in the carbonization chamber 95, it is ensured that materials with different moisture contents can be fully carbonized.

[0080] In some embodiments, after the sealing door at the bottom of the carbonization chamber 95 is closed, the sealing door at the bottom of the third chamber 96 is opened. That is, after the third sealing door 983 is closed, the fourth sealing door 984 is opened to facilitate unloading.

[0081] The carbonization apparatus 9 according to an embodiment of the present invention utilizes high-temperature flue gas to pyrolyze and carbonize biomass. By arranging multiple closed doors within the shell 91, the high-temperature zone (carbonization chamber 95) is made an inert environment, ensuring the safety of the carbonization process. Through the coordinated opening and closing of different closed doors, the material passes through each sub-chamber sequentially from top to bottom. By controlling the residence time of biomass in the carbonization chamber, it is ensured that materials with different moisture contents can be fully carbonized. The stirring and throwing device accelerates heat exchange through stirring and also has a certain crushing capacity, which can improve the carbonization speed. Thus, the carbonization apparatus and biomass fuel preparation method according to the embodiment of the present invention have high heat exchange efficiency, short carbonization time, and high safety.

[0082] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0083] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0084] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0085] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0086] In this invention, the terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example, which is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0087] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbonization apparatus characterized by comprising: The carbonization device comprises: a housing having a material inlet, a material outlet, a flue gas inlet and a flue gas outlet, the material inlet being located above the material outlet, and the flue gas outlet being located above the flue gas inlet; a plurality of closure doors spaced apart in the up-down direction in the housing, the plurality of closure doors dividing the cavity of the housing into a plurality of sub-cavities arranged in the up-down direction in sequence, the closure doors being capable of spacing apart the sub-cavities on both sides of the closure door in the up-down direction when the closure door is closed, and the closure doors being capable of connecting the sub-cavities on both sides of the closure door in the up-down direction when the closure door is opened, the plurality of sub-cavities including a carbonization cavity, the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet being in communication with the carbonization cavity, at least one sub-cavity being provided above and below the carbonization cavity, the material inlet being in communication with the uppermost sub-cavity, and the material outlet being in communication with the lowermost sub-cavity; a stirring and throwing device comprising a first driver and a stirrer, the first driver being connected to the stirrer and used to drive the stirrer to rotate, the stirrer being arranged in the carbonization cavity; a cooling device arranged on the housing, the cooling device being located above the carbonization cavity, the cooling device being located on the peripheral side of at least one sub-cavity, and the cooling device being used to cool the biomass raw material in at least one sub-cavity.

2. The carbonization device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of sub-cavities further comprise a first cavity, a second cavity, a third cavity and a fourth cavity, the first cavity, the second cavity, the carbonization cavity, the third cavity and the fourth cavity being arranged in sequence from top to bottom; the material inlet is located at the top of the housing and is in communication with the first cavity, and the material outlet is located at the bottom of the housing and is in communication with the fourth cavity; the cooling device is located on the peripheral side of the second cavity, and the cooling device is used to cool the biomass raw material in the second cavity.

3. The carbonization device according to claim 2, wherein the second cavity is one, or the second cavity is a plurality of second cavities arranged in sequence in the up-down direction; the third cavity is one, or the third cavity is a plurality of third cavities arranged in sequence in the up-down direction.

4. The carbonization device according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of closure doors comprise a first closure door, a second closure door, a third closure door and a fourth closure door arranged in sequence and spaced apart from top to bottom; the first closure door and the inner wall surface of the housing located above the first closure door define the first cavity; the first closure door, the second closure door and the inner wall surface of the housing located between the first closure door and the second closure door define the second cavity; the second closure door, the third closure door and the inner wall surface of the housing located between the second closure door and the third closure door define the carbonization cavity; The third closing door, the fourth closing door and the inner wall surface of the shell between the third closing door and the fourth closing door define the third cavity; The fourth closing door and the inner wall surface of the shell below the fourth closing door define the fourth cavity.

5. The carbonization device according to claim 4, wherein The shell comprises a first shell, a second shell and a third shell arranged in sequence from top to bottom, and two adjacent ones of the first shell, the second shell and the third shell are connected by a flange; The first closing door and the second closing door are arranged in the first shell, and the third closing door and the fourth closing door are arranged in the third shell.

6. The carbonization device according to claim 4, wherein Each of the first closing door, the second closing door, the third closing door and the fourth closing door is a double door comprising two door bodies; And / or each of the first closing door, the second closing door, the third closing door and the fourth closing door is an electric door connected with a second driver.

7. The carbonization device according to claim 5, wherein The first driver and the stirrer are arranged on the second shell, and the flue gas inlet and the flue gas outlet are arranged on the second shell; The material inlet is arranged on the top of the first shell, and the material outlet is arranged on the bottom of the third shell; The first closing door and the third closing door are connected by a synchronizer to synchronize the opening and closing of the first closing door and the third closing door, and the second closing door and the fourth closing door are connected by a synchronizer to synchronize the opening and closing of the second closing door and the fourth closing door.

8. The carbonization device according to claim 2, wherein The flue gas inlet is arranged obliquely downward, and the flue gas inlet is located in the lower part of the carbonization cavity; The cooling device comprises a water cooling jacket having a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet; The stirrer comprises a stirring shaft and a plurality of stirring blades, and the plurality of stirring blades are arranged on the stirring shaft in the axial and circumferential directions of the stirring shaft, and the end of each stirring blade is bent in one of the clockwise rotation direction and the counterclockwise rotation direction of the stirring shaft.

9. A method for producing a biomass fuel using the carbonization apparatus according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: Passing flue gas from the flue gas inlet into the carbonization cavity to pyrolyze the biomass raw material in the carbonization cavity; Starting the first driver to drive the stirrer to rotate to stir the biomass raw material in the carbonization cavity; Cooling the biomass raw material in the second cavity by the cooling device; Opening the closing door at the bottom of the second cavity to pass the biomass raw material into the carbonization cavity for carbonization; After the carbonization of the biomass raw material in the carbonization cavity into biomass fuel, opening the closing door at the bottom of the carbonization cavity to pass the biomass fuel in the carbonization cavity into the third cavity.

10. The biomass fuel preparation method according to claim 9, wherein opening the closing door of the third cavity bottom after the closing door of the carbonization cavity bottom is closed; the closing door of the first cavity bottom and the closing door of the carbonization cavity bottom are synchronous in opening and closing; the closing door of the second cavity bottom and the closing door of the fourth cavity bottom are synchronous in opening and closing; the biomass raw material in the second cavity is cooled by a cooling device so that the temperature rise of the biomass raw material entering the second cavity is less than or equal to 40℃; the carbonization time of the biomass raw material in the carbonization cavity is greater than or equal to 4 minutes and less than or equal to 6 minutes.

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