Five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool and intelligent control method thereof

Abstract

The five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool comprises a fixed base and a separable base, a transverse sliding assembly is arranged on the fixed base, a height adjusting assembly is arranged on the transverse sliding assembly, and the height adjusting assembly is arranged on the separable base. The height adjusting assembly is provided with a swing grinding assembly capable of conducting angle swing, the separable base is provided with a longitudinal sliding block assembly, the rotating assembly is provided with a tool mechanism, and the tool mechanism is provided with a self-adaptive clamping assembly. A guide groove connecting structure and a right-angle connecting assembly which are used for assembling, guiding and positioning are arranged between the fixed base and the transverse sliding assembly, the separable base and the precise connecting structure are designed, protection and power transmission of the sliding assembly are optimized, multi-dimensional high-precision linkage machining is achieved, and the machining efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the disassembly and assembly convenience and the long-term use stability of the equipment are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of high-precision machining equipment technology, and in particular to a five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool and its intelligent control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing demands for precision and complexity in parts processing in the manufacturing industry, five-axis CNC machine tools, due to their multi-directional motion adjustment capabilities, have become core equipment for high-precision machining. However, existing five-axis CNC machine tools still have many technical shortcomings: First, most machine tool bases adopt an integrated design, making disassembly and assembly difficult when workpiece fixing components need to be replaced to adapt to different processing requirements, and it is difficult to guarantee positioning accuracy after reinstallation; Second, sliding components mostly use lead screw drives, which not only make transmission accuracy susceptible to wear, but also lack effective dust protection, allowing dust and debris to easily enter the guide rails after long-term use, leading to motion jamming and decreased accuracy; Third, workpiece clamping components are difficult to adapt to parts with irregular peripheral walls, easily resulting in single contact points and uneven force during clamping, leading to workpiece loosening or deformation; Fourth, the swing grinding components of some machine tools have complex structures and low angle adjustment accuracy, failing to meet the stringent requirements of high-precision machining for grinding angles; Fifth, there is a lack of intelligent control methods adapted to the machine tool structure, requiring manual intervention to adjust parameters during processing, making it difficult to achieve automated, high-precision CNC machining. To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, there is an urgent need to develop a five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool with a separable base, good protection of sliding components, strong clamping adaptability, high swing accuracy, and intelligent control functions, in order to meet the high-precision machining requirements of complex parts.

[0003] Therefore, the existing high-precision machining equipment technology field needs further improvement. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool and its intelligent control method. By designing a separable base and a precise connection structure, optimizing the protection and power transmission of sliding components, innovating an adaptive clamping and swing grinding structure, and matching it with an intelligent control method, it can achieve stable clamping of irregular parts and multi-dimensional high-precision linkage machining, while improving the ease of disassembly and assembly of the equipment and its long-term stability.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following solution: A five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool includes a fixed base and a separable base. The fixed base is provided with a transverse sliding component, the transverse sliding component is provided with a height adjustment component, the height adjustment component is provided with a swing grinding component capable of angular swing, the separable base is provided with a longitudinal slider component, the longitudinal slider component is provided with a rotating component, the rotating component is provided with a tooling mechanism, the tooling mechanism is provided with an adaptive clamping component, and a guide groove connection structure and a right-angle connection component for assembly guidance and positioning are provided between the fixed base and the transverse sliding component. The horizontal sliding assembly and the vertical slider assembly are powered by linear motors. The height adjustment component uses a linear electric cylinder as its output power.

[0006] Furthermore, the swing polishing assembly includes an up-and-down swing mechanism, on which a polishing assembly is mounted, and the swing angle of the up-and-down swing mechanism is ±16°.

[0007] Furthermore, the oscillating polishing assembly includes a fixed shaft disposed on the height adjustment assembly, an oscillating polishing structure hinged on the fixed shaft, a rotating ring assembly disposed on the outside of the fixed shaft on the height adjustment assembly, a telescopic mechanism disposed on the rotating ring assembly offset from the center of the rotating ring assembly, and a connecting rod structure hinged between the output end of the telescopic mechanism and the side wall of the oscillating polishing structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the adaptive clamping assembly includes a tooling base, on which a plurality of clamping jaws are evenly distributed around the center of the tooling base, and C-shaped clamping parts are hinged to the clamping jaws, wherein the upper end of the C-shaped clamping part extends less than the lower end.

[0009] Furthermore, the guide groove connection structure includes a transverse guide groove disposed on one side of the fixed base. The outer edge of the transverse guide groove is provided with an arc-shaped wall. One end of the transverse guide groove is provided with a pulley inlet. The arc-shaped wall gradually shifts inward from one end of the pulley inlet along the other end of the transverse guide groove. The separable base is provided with a positioning wheel. The positioning wheel can enter the pulley inlet from one side of the fixed base and gradually press the positioning wheel through the arc-shaped wall, so that the fixed base and the separable base are gradually tightened and positioned.

[0010] Furthermore, the right-angle connection assembly includes an inner right-angle connector disposed on one side of the fixed base, and an outer right-angle connector disposed on the side of the detachable base near the inner right-angle connector. The outer right-angle connector is attached to the surface of the inner right-angle connector to realize the connection and positioning of the fixed base and the detachable base. Connecting screws are disposed on the vertical and horizontal surfaces of the outer right-angle connector and the inner right-angle connector.

[0011] Furthermore, a U-shaped dust cover is fitted on the outer side of the linear guide rail of the transverse sliding assembly. The two ends of the U-shaped dust cover are fixedly connected to the slider and the fixed base of the transverse sliding assembly, respectively. A felt sealing strip is pasted on the inner side wall of the U-shaped dust cover, and the felt sealing strip is in contact with the surface of the guide rail.

[0012] Furthermore, the clamping end of the C-shaped clamping part is detachably fitted with a rubber clamping pad, the surface of which is provided with anti-slip protrusions, and the rubber clamping pad is fixed to the C-shaped clamping part by a buckle.

[0013] Furthermore, the slider of the longitudinal slider assembly has a weight-reducing groove, and a honeycomb-shaped reinforcing rib is embedded in the weight-reducing groove. The honeycomb-shaped reinforcing rib is integrally formed with the slider of the longitudinal slider assembly, and the opening end of the weight-reducing groove is covered with a metal dustproof mesh.

[0014] An intelligent control method, the method comprising the following steps: Start-up control: After receiving the processing command, the intelligent controller drives the horizontal sliding component, the height adjustment component and the vertical slider component on the fixed base to reset to the initial position, and at the same time controls the rotating component to drive the tooling mechanism to rotate to the workpiece clamping angle. Adaptive clamping control: The intelligent controller drives the grippers of the adaptive clamping component to move synchronously according to the workpiece size parameters until the C-shaped clamping part contacts the workpiece. The clamping force is fed back through the pressure sensor. When the clamping force reaches the preset threshold, the grippers stop moving. Linked processing control: The intelligent controller synchronously adjusts the X-axis movement of the horizontal sliding component, the Y-axis movement of the vertical sliding component, and the Z-axis lifting and lowering of the height adjustment component according to the processing path. At the same time, it controls the swing grinding component to swing along the preset trajectory and the rotating component to drive the workpiece to rotate, so as to realize five-axis linkage grinding. Precision monitoring and control: During the processing, the intelligent controller collects the displacement data of the horizontal sliding component and the vertical slider component in real time through the grating ruler, and collects the swing angle of the swing grinding component through the angle sensor. When the data deviates from the preset value, the corresponding component motion parameters are automatically adjusted until the accuracy is restored.

[0015] In summary, the advantages of this invention over the prior art are: This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing high-precision machining equipment. Through its structural design, it offers the following advantages: the combination of the guide groove connection structure and the right-angle connection component allows for rapid disassembly and precise assembly of the fixed base and the detachable base; replacing the workpiece fixing component eliminates the need for overall machine tool adjustments, significantly improving adaptability and processing efficiency. The transverse sliding component and the longitudinal slider component are driven by linear motors, ensuring high positioning accuracy. The asymmetrical structure of the C-shaped clamping part and the detachable rubber pads enable stable dual-point clamping of irregularly shaped parts. The precise oscillation of the swing grinding component, combined with intelligent control, covers the multi-directional grinding needs of complex parts, ensuring thorough grinding without blind spots. The accompanying intelligent control method achieves full automation of the entire process, including start-up reset, adaptive clamping, five-axis linkage machining, and automatic accuracy correction, reducing manual intervention and improving processing efficiency and accuracy stability. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is the front view of the present invention; Figure 2 This is one of the perspective views of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a second perspective view of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the base connection of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the base connection of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the tooling structure of the present invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the universal swing grinding wheel structure of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see Figures 1-7This invention provides a five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool, including a fixed base 1 and a separable base 2. The fixed base 1 is provided with a transverse sliding component 3, the transverse sliding component 3 is provided with a height adjustment component 4, the height adjustment component 4 is provided with a swing grinding component 5 capable of angular swinging, the separable base 2 is provided with a longitudinal slider component 11, the longitudinal slider component 11 is provided with a rotating component 6, the rotating component 6 is provided with a tooling mechanism 7, the tooling mechanism 7 is provided with an adaptive clamping component 10, and a guide groove connection structure 8 and a right angle connection component 9 for assembly guidance and positioning are provided between the fixed base 1 and the transverse sliding component 3. The horizontal sliding component 3 and the vertical slider component 11 are powered by linear motors. The height adjustment component 4 uses a linear electric cylinder as its output power.

[0019] The swing polishing component 5 of the present invention includes an up-and-down swing mechanism 5010, on which a polishing component 5020 is provided, and the swing angle of the up-and-down swing mechanism 5010 is ±16°.

[0020] Base assembly and positioning: The positioning wheel 804 of the separable base 2 enters from the pulley inlet 803 of the transverse guide groove 801 of the fixed base 1, slides along the arc wall 802 and is gradually pressed, so as to achieve initial tension of the two bases; then the inner right angle connector 901 and the outer right angle connector 902 are attached, and the connecting screws are screwed in to complete the fixation and ensure the stability of the base.

[0021] Power drive and basic motion: The horizontal sliding component 3 is driven by a linear motor to move the height adjustment component 4 and the swing grinding component 5 along the X-axis; the vertical slider component 11 is driven by a linear motor to move the rotating component 6 and the tooling mechanism 7 along the Y-axis; the height adjustment component 4 is driven by a linear electric cylinder to move the swing grinding component 5 up and down along the Z-axis, providing a three-dimensional linear motion basis for processing.

[0022] Oscillating grinding and workpiece clamping: The oscillating grinding assembly 5 can achieve angle adjustment through two structures, either by the up-and-down oscillating mechanism 5010 driving the grinding assembly 5020±16° to oscillate, or by the telescopic mechanism 504 on the rotating ring assembly 503 pushing the oscillating grinding structure 502 to oscillate around the fixed axis 501 through the connecting rod structure 505; the grippers 102 of the adaptive clamping assembly 10 move synchronously, and after the upper end of the C-shaped clamping part 103 extends out to a size smaller than the lower end and contacts the workpiece, the lower end moves backward and drives the upper end to push forward, forming a stable double-point clamping.

[0023] Five-axis linkage and intelligent machining: The intelligent controller drives the X-axis of the horizontal sliding component 3, the Y-axis of the vertical slider component 11, the Z-axis of the height adjustment component 4, the angle swing of the swing grinding component 5, and the rotation of the workpiece component 6 in five-axis linkage to grind according to the preset path; at the same time, the displacement data is collected by the grating ruler and the swing angle is collected by the angle sensor. When the data deviates from the preset value, the component parameters are automatically adjusted to ensure the machining accuracy.

[0024] The oscillating polishing assembly 5 of the present invention includes a fixed shaft 501 disposed on the height adjustment assembly 4, an oscillating polishing structure 502 hinged on the fixed shaft 501, a rotating ring assembly 503 disposed on the outside of the fixed shaft 501 on the height adjustment assembly 4, a telescopic mechanism 504 disposed on the rotating ring assembly 503 offset from the center of the rotating ring assembly 503, and a connecting rod structure 505 hinged between the output end of the telescopic mechanism 504 and the side wall of the oscillating polishing structure 502.

[0025] The adaptive clamping assembly 10 of the present invention includes a tooling base 101, on which a plurality of clamping claws 102 are evenly distributed around the center of the tooling base 101. A C-shaped clamping part 103 is hinged to the clamping claw 102, and the upper end of the C-shaped clamping part 103 extends smaller than the lower end.

[0026] The guide groove connection structure 8 of the present invention includes a transverse guide groove 801 disposed on one side of the fixed base 1. An arc-shaped wall 802 is disposed on the outer edge of the transverse guide groove 801. A pulley inlet 803 is disposed at one end of the transverse guide groove 801. The arc-shaped wall 802 gradually shifts inward from one end of the pulley inlet 803 along the other end of the transverse guide groove 801. A positioning wheel 804 is disposed on the separable base 2. The positioning wheel 804 can enter the pulley inlet 803 from one side of the fixed base 1 and gradually press the positioning wheel 804 through the arc-shaped wall 802, so that the fixed base 1 and the separable base 2 are gradually tightened and positioned.

[0027] The right-angle connecting assembly 9 of the present invention includes an inner right-angle connector 901 disposed on one side of the fixed base 1, and an outer right-angle connector 902 disposed on the side of the detachable base 2 near the inner right-angle connector 901. The outer right-angle connector 902 is attached to the surface of the inner right-angle connector 901 to realize the connection and positioning of the fixed base 1 and the detachable base 2. Connecting screws are disposed on the vertical and horizontal surfaces of the outer right-angle connector 902 and the inner right-angle connector 901.

[0028] The linear guide rail of the transverse sliding component 3 of the present invention is fitted with a U-shaped dust cover. The two ends of the U-shaped dust cover are fixedly connected to the slider of the transverse sliding component 3 and the fixed base 1, respectively. A felt sealing strip is pasted on the inner wall of the U-shaped dust cover, and the felt sealing strip is in contact with the surface of the guide rail.

[0029] The clamping end of the C-shaped clamping part 103 of the present invention is detachably fitted with a rubber clamping pad. The surface of the rubber clamping pad is provided with anti-slip protrusions, and the rubber clamping pad is snapped and fixed to the C-shaped clamping part 103 by a buckle.

[0030] The longitudinal slider assembly 11 of the present invention has a weight-reducing groove on its slider, and a honeycomb reinforcing rib is embedded in the weight-reducing groove. The honeycomb reinforcing rib is integrally formed with the slider of the longitudinal slider assembly 11, and the opening end of the weight-reducing groove is covered with a metal dustproof mesh.

[0031] An intelligent control method, the method comprising the following steps: Start-up control: After receiving the processing command, the intelligent controller drives the horizontal sliding component 3, the height adjustment component 4 and the vertical slider component 11 on the fixed base 1 to reset to the initial position, and at the same time controls the rotating component 6 to drive the tooling mechanism 7 to rotate to the workpiece clamping angle. Adaptive clamping control: The intelligent controller drives the gripper 102 of the adaptive clamping component 10 to move synchronously according to the workpiece size parameters until the C-shaped clamping part 103 contacts the workpiece. The clamping force is fed back through the pressure sensor. When the clamping force reaches the preset threshold, the gripper 102 stops moving. Linked processing control: The intelligent controller synchronously adjusts the X-axis movement of the transverse sliding component 3, the Y-axis movement of the longitudinal sliding component 11, and the Z-axis lifting and lowering of the height adjustment component 4 according to the processing path. At the same time, it controls the swing grinding component 5 to swing along the preset trajectory and the rotation component 6 to drive the workpiece to rotate, so as to realize five-axis linkage grinding. Precision monitoring and control: During the processing, the intelligent controller collects the displacement data of the horizontal sliding component 3 and the vertical slider component 11 in real time through the grating ruler, and collects the swing angle of the swing grinding component 5 through the angle sensor. When the data deviates from the preset value, the corresponding component motion parameters are automatically adjusted until the accuracy is restored.

[0032] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention, as well as its advantages. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the present invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool, characterized in that: The assembly includes a fixed base (1) and a separable base (2). The fixed base (1) is provided with a horizontal sliding component (3). The horizontal sliding component (3) is provided with a height adjustment component (4). The height adjustment component (4) is provided with a swing grinding component (5) capable of angular swing. The separable base (2) is provided with a vertical slider component (11). The vertical slider component (11) is provided with a rotating component (6). The rotating component (6) is provided with a tooling mechanism (7). The tooling mechanism (7) is provided with an adaptive clamping component (10). A guide groove connection structure (8) and a right-angle connection component (9) for assembly guidance and positioning are provided between the fixed base (1) and the horizontal sliding component (3). The lateral sliding assembly (3) and the longitudinal slider assembly (11) are powered by linear motors. The height adjustment component (4) uses a linear electric cylinder as the output power.

2. The five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The swing polishing assembly (5) includes an up-and-down swing mechanism (5010), on which a polishing assembly (5020) is provided, and the swing angle of the up-and-down swing mechanism (5010) is ±16°.

3. A five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The swing polishing assembly (5) includes a fixed shaft (501) disposed on the height adjustment assembly (4), a swing polishing structure (502) hinged on the fixed shaft (501), a rotating ring assembly (503) disposed on the outside of the fixed shaft (501) on the height adjustment assembly (4), a telescopic mechanism (504) disposed on the rotating ring assembly (503) offset from the center of the rotating ring assembly (503), and a connecting rod structure (505) hinged between the output end of the telescopic mechanism (504) and the side wall of the swing polishing structure (502).

4. A five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The adaptive clamping assembly (10) includes a tooling base (101), on which a plurality of clamping jaws (102) are evenly distributed around the center of the tooling base (101). A C-shaped clamping part (103) is hinged to the clamping jaw (102), and the upper end of the C-shaped clamping part (103) extends smaller than the lower end.

5. A five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool according to claim 4, characterized in that: The guide groove connection structure (8) includes a transverse guide groove (801) disposed on one side of the fixed base (1). An arc-shaped wall (802) is provided on the outer edge of the transverse guide groove (801). A pulley inlet (803) is provided at one end of the transverse guide groove (801). The arc-shaped wall (802) gradually shifts inward from one end of the pulley inlet (803) along the other end of the transverse guide groove (801). A positioning wheel (804) is provided on the separable base (2).

6. A five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool according to claim 5, characterized in that: The right-angle connecting assembly (9) includes an inner right-angle connector (901) disposed on one side of the fixed base (1), and an outer right-angle connector (902) disposed on the side of the separable base (2) near the inner right-angle connector (901). The outer right-angle connector (902) is attached to the surface of the inner right-angle connector (901) to realize the connection and positioning of the fixed base (1) and the separable base (2). Connecting screws are disposed on the vertical and horizontal surfaces of the outer right-angle connector (902) and the inner right-angle connector (901).

7. A five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool according to claim 6, characterized in that: The linear guide rail of the transverse sliding component (3) is fitted with a U-shaped dust cover. The two ends of the U-shaped dust cover are fixedly connected to the slider of the transverse sliding component (3) and the fixed base (1) respectively. The inner wall of the U-shaped dust cover is pasted with a felt sealing strip, which is in contact with the surface of the guide rail.

8. A five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool according to claim 7, characterized in that: The clamping end of the C-shaped clamping part (103) is detachably fitted with a rubber clamping pad. The surface of the rubber clamping pad is provided with anti-slip protrusions, and the rubber clamping pad is snapped and fixed to the C-shaped clamping part (103) by a buckle.

9. A five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The slider of the longitudinal slider assembly (11) has a weight-reducing groove, and a honeycomb reinforcing rib is embedded in the weight-reducing groove. The honeycomb reinforcing rib is integrally formed with the slider of the longitudinal slider assembly (11), and the opening end of the weight-reducing groove is covered with a metal dustproof mesh.

10. An intelligent control method applied to the five-axis linkage high-precision machine tool as described in claims 1-9, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: Start-up control: After receiving the processing command, the intelligent controller drives the horizontal sliding component (3), the height adjustment component (4) on the fixed base (1) and the vertical slider component (11) on the separable base (2) to reset to the initial position, and at the same time controls the rotating component (6) to drive the tooling mechanism (7) to rotate to the workpiece clamping angle. Adaptive clamping control: The intelligent controller drives the gripper (102) of the adaptive clamping component (10) to move synchronously according to the workpiece size parameters until the C-type clamping part (103) contacts the workpiece. The clamping force is fed back through the pressure sensor. When the clamping force reaches the preset threshold, the gripper (102) stops moving. Linked processing control: The intelligent controller synchronously controls the X-axis movement of the transverse sliding component (3), the Y-axis movement of the longitudinal sliding component (11), and the Z-axis lifting of the height adjustment component (4) according to the processing path. At the same time, it controls the swing grinding component (5) to swing along the preset trajectory and the rotation component (6) to drive the workpiece to rotate, so as to realize five-axis linkage grinding. Precision monitoring and control: During the processing, the intelligent controller collects the displacement data of the horizontal sliding component (3) and the vertical slider component (11) in real time through the grating ruler, and collects the swing angle of the swing grinding component (5) through the angle sensor. When the data deviates from the preset value, the corresponding component motion parameters are automatically adjusted until the accuracy is restored.

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