Energy storage cabin with multi-source power generation intelligent switching function and control method

Abstract

The invention discloses an emergency energy storage cabin with a multi-source power generation intelligent switching function and a power supply control method thereof, and relates to the field of emergency energy storage, and the energy storage cabin comprises a photovoltaic power generation device which is arranged at the top and can stretch and unfold a photovoltaic panel, a hydrogen energy storage power generation device connected with a bus, and an energy storage battery pack, in cooperation with the voltage and current sampling circuit and the illumination sensor, the controller controls switching among the power supplies according to acquired signals. The switching priority is photovoltaic power generation priority, the energy storage battery pack is subordinate, and the hydrogen energy storage power generation device is the last standby; the system is provided with a current limiting element, a pre-charging control unit and a graded load management function, and can cut off non-critical loads and supply critical loads in turns when a power supply is insufficient. The interior of the cabin can integrate water purification, hydrogen production, hydrogen storage and air conditioning modules. According to the method and the system, intelligent switching of multi-source energy, key load guarantee and continuous energy supply in an emergency environment are realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of emergency energy equipment technology, and in particular to an energy storage cabin with intelligent switching function for multi-source power generation and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing frequency of natural disasters, the rise in extreme weather events, and the growing demand for energy security in remote areas, the deployment and use of emergency energy storage equipment has seen a significant increase. Existing distributed power generation systems often use a single energy source for power supply, such as photovoltaic power generation, fuel cells, or energy storage battery packs. Moreover, most existing emergency energy supply equipment uses photovoltaic power, but this results in low power generation efficiency and poor environmental adaptability.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an intelligent control system for energy storage cabins that can automatically determine and switch power generation units based on multi-sensor signals such as light intensity, load demand, and energy storage status, so as to achieve continuous power supply and optimize efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] One technical problem to be solved by the embodiments of the present invention is how to provide an intelligent control system for energy storage cabins and control methods that can automatically determine and switch power generation units based on multi-sensor signals such as light intensity, load demand, and energy storage status, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an energy storage cabin with a multi-source power generation intelligent switching function, comprising: a photovoltaic power generation device, including a retractable photovoltaic panel installed on the top of the energy storage cabin, connected to a busbar via a first unidirectional device, and having its output voltage and current collected by a first sampling circuit;

[0006] The hydrogen energy storage power generation device is connected to the bus via a second unidirectional device and its output voltage and current are collected through a second sampling circuit. A first control switch K1 is provided on its positive side.

[0007] The energy storage battery pack has a charging branch connected in parallel with the second control switch K2, a current limiting element, and in series with the third control switch K3 before being connected to the bus. The charging and discharging current and voltage are collected through the third sampling circuit. The discharging branch is connected to the bus through the third unidirectional device, and the discharging current and voltage are collected through the fourth sampling circuit.

[0008] A light sensor is used to detect the intensity of sunlight.

[0009] The controller is connected to the first sampling circuit, the second sampling circuit, the third sampling circuit, the fourth sampling circuit, the first control switch, the second control switch, the third control switch, and the light sensor. It is used to output control commands to the first control switch, the second control switch, and the third control switch based on the light intensity signal and the status signals of the photovoltaic power generation device, the hydrogen energy storage power generation device, and the energy storage battery pack sampled by the first sampling circuit, the second sampling circuit, the third sampling circuit, and the fourth sampling circuit, so as to realize the power supply switching between the photovoltaic power generation device, the hydrogen energy storage power generation device, and the energy storage battery pack. The switching priority is photovoltaic power generation device first, then energy storage battery pack discharge, and finally hydrogen energy storage power generation device.

[0010] The multi-load output terminal is connected to multiple loads via load switches. The controller is used to cut off non-critical loads according to preset priorities when the power supply is insufficient.

[0011] In conjunction with the first aspect, optionally, the controller is used to: when the light intensity meets the set conditions based on the detection results of the light sensor and the first sampling circuit detects that the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device is higher than the load demand voltage, control the first control switch K1 to open, the second control switch K2 to close, and the third control switch K3 to close, so that the photovoltaic power generation device supplies power to the load on one hand and charges the energy storage battery pack on the other hand through the current limiting reactor.

[0012] When the charging current is lower than the set threshold, the third control switch K3 is opened, causing the energy storage battery pack to exit the charging circuit.

[0013] In conjunction with the first aspect, optionally, when the first sampling circuit detects that the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient, and the third sampling circuit detects that the voltage of the energy storage battery pack is higher than the discharge lower limit,

[0014] The controller controls the third control switch K3 to close, the first control switch K1 to open, and the second control switch K2 to open, so that the energy storage battery pack directly supplies power to the bus.

[0015] In conjunction with the first aspect, the optional items include:

[0016] When the first sampling circuit detects that the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient, and the fourth sampling circuit detects that the voltage of the energy storage battery pack is lower than the set threshold, the controller controls the first control switch K1 to close, the second control switch K2 to open, and the third control switch K3 to close, so that the hydrogen energy storage power generation device is connected to the bus to supply power to the load, and charges the energy storage battery pack through the current limiting element. The hydrogen energy storage power generation device supplies power to the load while charging the energy storage battery pack.

[0017] When the third sampling circuit detects that the charging current of the energy storage battery pack drops below the set value, the controller controls the third control switch K3 to open, so that the energy storage battery pack stops supplying power and is powered independently by the hydrogen energy storage power generation device.

[0018] In conjunction with the first aspect, optionally, when the first sampling circuit detects that the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient and the second sampling circuit detects that the discharge voltage of the hydrogen energy storage power generation device is insufficient, the energy storage battery pack is activated, and the information that the discharge voltage of the hydrogen energy storage power generation device is insufficient is sent to the user.

[0019] In conjunction with the first aspect, the optional items include:

[0020] The controller has a pre-charge control unit with a pre-charge control function, which is used to pre-charge the power supply to be put into operation and the bus before switching power supply, and control the bus voltage fluctuation to not exceed ±5%.

[0021] When the first sampling circuit detects that the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient and needs to switch to the hydrogen energy storage power generation device, it determines that the first control switch needs to be closed to connect to the hydrogen energy storage. The pre-charging unit first charges the hydrogen energy storage output in parallel with the bus through a current limiting resistor or an active current limiting circuit until the difference between the bus voltage and the hydrogen energy storage output voltage is within the set range. Then the first control switch is closed to achieve shockless connection.

[0022] When the hydrogen energy storage power generation device needs to switch back to the energy storage battery pack for power supply after it is shut down, the bus voltage is first balanced through the pre-charging unit, and then the first control switch is closed.

[0023] In conjunction with the first aspect, the optional items include:

[0024] When the power supply is insufficient, the controller cuts off the load in stages according to the bus voltage. When the bus voltage is lower than the first threshold, it cuts off the lighting device. When the bus voltage is lower than the second threshold, it provides power to the communication device and the water purification device in a rotating manner.

[0025] The power supply method described herein employs an intermittent power supply strategy with a duty cycle of ≥80% to reduce average power consumption and extend the power supply time of the energy storage battery pack.

[0026] In conjunction with the first aspect, optionally, the current limiting element is a reactor or an active current limiting module, and the controller dynamically adjusts the charging current according to the state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage battery pack and the bus power margin.

[0027] In conjunction with the first aspect, the following options also include:

[0028] The support base is fixedly installed on the top of the emergency energy storage cabin;

[0029] At least four telescopic guide rails are symmetrically arranged on the support base, and multiple photovoltaic panel modules are installed on each telescopic guide rail;

[0030] The photovoltaic panel module can slide horizontally along the telescopic guide rail, and the photovoltaic panel module can be adjusted by extending and retracting the telescopic guide rail;

[0031] Each telescopic guide rail is equipped with a telescopic drive mechanism, which drives the photovoltaic panel module to slide along the telescopic guide rail to a predetermined position;

[0032] The controller is connected to the telescopic drive mechanism and can automatically control the deployment state of the photovoltaic panel module based on the solar azimuth angle and light intensity detected by the sensor.

[0033] In conjunction with the first aspect, the following options also include:

[0034] Water purification equipment is used to filter and purify raw water;

[0035] and / or

[0036] Hydrogen production equipment, used to produce hydrogen gas through water electrolysis or ion deposition;

[0037] and / or

[0038] Hydrogen storage device, used to store hydrogen gas;

[0039] and / or

[0040] Water storage device, used to store purified water or hydrogen-generated water;

[0041] and / or

[0042] Hydrogen storage device for storing hydrogen produced by water electrolysis;

[0043] and / or

[0044] The controller is used to monitor and manage the operation status of the water purification device, hydrogen production device, and water storage device.

[0045] In conjunction with the first aspect, in an alternative implementation, it includes:

[0046] The telescopic guide rail is equipped with a limiting device to limit the maximum unfolding range of the photovoltaic module, so as to prevent it from exceeding the design range and causing mechanical damage during the unfolding process.

[0047] In conjunction with the first aspect, in an alternative implementation, it includes:

[0048] The wind speed detection module is used to detect the wind speed around the emergency energy storage cabin.

[0049] The control module is used to control the telescopic drive mechanism to retract the photovoltaic panel module when a wind speed exceeding a set threshold is detected, in order to avoid damage caused by excessive wind speed.

[0050] In conjunction with the first aspect, in an alternative implementation, it includes:

[0051] The photovoltaic panel module uses flexible photovoltaic panel components, which can adapt to certain bending or deformation, reduce the risk of damage during transportation, and can adaptively adjust the surface shape when unfolded, thereby improving the overall power generation efficiency.

[0052] In conjunction with the first aspect, in an alternative implementation, it includes:

[0053] The data communication module is used to transmit real-time data from the photovoltaic panel to the remote monitoring terminal via wireless communication technology.

[0054] Users can monitor and control the photovoltaic panel modules in real time and remotely via smart terminals, adjusting the angle and unfolding status of the modules.

[0055] and / or

[0056] The data communication module allows users to obtain meteorological data information;

[0057] The control module is used to retrieve or adjust the photovoltaic panels in advance based on the meteorological data obtained by the data communication module, so as to avoid the impact of extreme weather.

[0058] In conjunction with the first aspect, in an alternative implementation, it includes:

[0059] The telescopic guide rail has a self-cleaning function, which includes an automatic cleaning device for cleaning dust or dirt from the surface of the photovoltaic panel to ensure the efficient operation of the photovoltaic panel.

[0060] and / or

[0061] The movement of the telescopic guide rail is controlled by an electric drive device, which includes a built-in battery management system that can adjust the unfolding and retraction of the photovoltaic panel according to changes in battery power, thereby optimizing the system's energy utilization efficiency.

[0062] In conjunction with the first aspect, in an alternative implementation, it includes:

[0063] The photovoltaic panel module has an unfolding angle range of 0° to 90°, and precise angle adjustment of each photovoltaic panel module can be achieved through a built-in electric or hydraulic adjustment device.

[0064] In conjunction with the first aspect, in an alternative implementation, it includes:

[0065] The emergency energy storage cabin is a metal container structure with transportable characteristics, and each frame is reinforced.

[0066] and / or

[0067] The air conditioning module is used to regulate the temperature and humidity inside the container. The air conditioning module is an integrated industrial air conditioning system with functions for regulating temperature, humidity and air cleanliness.

[0068] and / or

[0069] The heat dissipation and ventilation module, including a louvered ventilation structure, is used to maintain the operating temperature of the equipment;

[0070] and / or

[0071] The emergency energy storage cabin is equipped with openable and closable sealed doors on both sides to facilitate equipment maintenance and personnel access.

[0072] and / or

[0073] The water purification device and the hydrogen production module are connected by a water pipeline, which is equipped with an automatic control valve.

[0074] Secondly, the present invention provides a multi-source power generation intelligent switching power supply control method, comprising:

[0075] Collect voltage and current signals from photovoltaic power generation devices, hydrogen energy storage power generation devices, energy storage battery packs, and environmental sensor signals;

[0076] When the power of the photovoltaic power generation device meets the load demand, control the photovoltaic power generation device to directly supply the load and float charge the energy storage battery pack.

[0077] When the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient, the output voltage of the energy storage battery pack is detected. If the output voltage is higher than the lower limit, the battery pack is discharged to supplement the power supply.

[0078] When the voltage of the energy storage battery pack is lower than the set value, the hydrogen energy storage power generation device is connected to the bus and the energy storage battery pack is charged with limited current.

[0079] When the charging current of the energy storage battery pack is lower than the set value, the energy storage battery pack is disconnected from the system, and the system is powered independently by the hydrogen energy storage power generation device.

[0080] When neither the photovoltaic power generation device nor the hydrogen energy storage power generation device can work properly, the control energy storage battery pack is directly connected to the bus for power supply.

[0081] This invention provides an energy storage cabin with intelligent switching capabilities for multi-source power generation, along with its control method. This cabin enables intelligent collaborative operation and dynamic switching between photovoltaic power generation devices, hydrogen energy storage devices, and energy storage battery packs. By incorporating retractable photovoltaic panel modules, space utilization is improved, and the deployed state is automatically adjusted based on light intensity and azimuth angle, maximizing solar energy utilization efficiency. Simultaneously, functions such as wind speed detection, self-cleaning, limit switches, and angle adjustment ensure the safety and stability of the photovoltaic system in complex environments. The energy storage battery pack employs a separate charging and discharging branch design, combined with a current-limiting reactor or active current-limiting module. This avoids charging and discharging impacts and dynamically adjusts the charging current based on the battery's state of charge (SoC) and bus power margin, extending battery life and improving overall system energy efficiency.

[0082] In terms of power supply logic, this invention sets a power supply priority of "photovoltaic priority - energy storage supplementation - hydrogen energy storage takeover" to ensure that the load can obtain a continuous and stable power supply under different scenarios. Furthermore, through a pre-charge control unit, the bus voltage is balanced before power switching, keeping voltage fluctuations within ±5% during the switching process and effectively avoiding equipment damage caused by inrush current. Through multi-load hierarchical management, non-critical loads are automatically disconnected when power is insufficient, and a rotational power supply strategy (duty cycle ≥80%) is implemented for critical loads in extreme cases, significantly reducing average power consumption, extending energy storage power supply time, and ensuring the continuous operation of core functions such as communication and water purification.

[0083] Furthermore, the main body of the cabin in this invention adopts a metal container structure, which has the advantages of being easily transportable, easy to deploy, and highly adaptable to various environments. It integrates an air conditioning module and a heat dissipation and ventilation module to ensure long-term stable operation of the equipment under different climatic conditions. Simultaneously, it combines a water purification device, a hydrogen production device, and hydrogen and water storage modules to form an integrated solution of energy—energy storage—hydrogen energy—water supply, supporting remote communication monitoring and meteorological data linkage, enabling advance scheduling and intelligent protection. In summary, this invention has the beneficial effects of high power supply continuity, high energy utilization rate, strong operational safety, high level of intelligence, and wide application scenarios, making it particularly suitable for disaster relief, remote areas, and emergency power supply scenarios.

[0084] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0085] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0086] The invention will be more clearly understood with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description, wherein:

[0087] Figure 1This diagram shows a structural block diagram of an energy storage cabin with intelligent switching function for multi-source power generation according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0088] Figure 2-7 A structural diagram of an emergency energy storage cabin with a photovoltaic deployment system according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0089] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0090] At the same time, it should be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the accompanying drawings are not drawn according to actual scale.

[0091] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use.

[0092] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0093] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be discussed further in subsequent figures.

[0094] This invention provides a system that can intelligently switch power generation and supply according to environmental conditions or power generation device conditions, integrated into an emergency energy storage cabin. The system intelligently switches between three power generation devices: photovoltaic power generation, hydrogen energy storage power generation, and energy storage battery pack. The power supply relationship is switched based on the sampling circuit of the sensor acquisition signal and the sampling results and sensor control results. Figure 1 This diagram illustrates a structural block diagram of an energy storage cabin with intelligent switching functionality for multi-source power generation, according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides an energy storage cabin with intelligent switching functionality for multi-source power generation. The energy storage cabin includes a photovoltaic power generation device, a hydrogen energy storage power generation device, an energy storage battery pack, a light sensor, a controller, and multiple load output terminals. The photovoltaic power generation device consists of retractable photovoltaic panels arranged on the top of the cabin, connected to the busbar via a first unidirectional device, and its output voltage and current are collected by a first sampling circuit. The hydrogen energy storage power generation device is connected to the busbar via a second unidirectional device, and its voltage and current are collected by a second sampling circuit. A first control switch K1 is installed on its positive side. The energy storage battery pack includes two branches: a charging branch and a discharging branch. The charging branch is connected to the busbar in parallel with a second control switch K2, a current-limiting element, and in series with a third control switch K3, and its charging voltage and current are collected by a third sampling circuit. The discharging branch is connected to the busbar via a third unidirectional device, and its discharging current and voltage are collected by a fourth sampling circuit.

[0095] The controller is connected to the sampling circuits of the photovoltaic power generation device, the hydrogen energy storage power generation device, and the energy storage battery pack, and receives signals from the light sensor. Based on the collected state parameters such as voltage, current, and light intensity, the controller outputs control commands to K1, K2, and K3 to achieve dynamic switching between the photovoltaic, hydrogen energy storage, and energy storage battery. The system's switching priority is photovoltaic power generation first, followed by the energy storage battery pack, and lastly the hydrogen energy storage power generation device. When sunlight is sufficient, the photovoltaic power generation directly supplies power to the load and charges the battery through current-limiting components; when photovoltaic power is insufficient, the energy storage battery pack discharges to maintain power supply; when the battery voltage is insufficient, the hydrogen energy storage power generation is connected to the system, both supplying power to the load and supplementing battery charging.

[0096] In actual operation, the current-limiting element effectively limits the charging current during the initial charging phase of the energy storage battery, preventing large current surges and extending battery life. When the charging current drops to a set threshold, the controller disconnects K3, causing the energy storage battery to exit the charging circuit and achieving stable float charging management. When neither the photovoltaic nor the hydrogen energy storage system can function properly, the energy storage battery automatically connects to the system, ensuring uninterrupted power supply to the load side, thereby enabling the continuous operation of critical equipment such as lighting, communication, and water purification inside the cabin.

[0097] In terms of multi-load management, the bus output is connected to multiple loads via load switches. The controller can automatically disconnect non-critical loads when power is insufficient, prioritizing the power supply needs of critical loads such as communication devices and water purification devices, according to a preset priority strategy. Through the above design, the energy storage cabin of this invention not only realizes multi-source integrated power supply of photovoltaic, hydrogen energy storage and energy storage batteries, but also has intelligent energy scheduling and load optimization capabilities, improving the reliability and energy utilization efficiency of the power supply system, and is suitable for remote areas, emergency rescue and off-grid scenarios.

[0098] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller is configured to execute the following control logic: when the light intensity detected by the light sensor is ≥500W / m 2 When the first sampling circuit detects that the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device is higher than 24V (the rated voltage of the load), the controller outputs a control signal to open the first control switch K1, close the second control switch K2, and close the third control switch K3. This allows the photovoltaic power generation device to both supply power to the load and charge the energy storage battery pack through the current-limiting reactor. In this embodiment, the inductance value of the current-limiting reactor can be 2mH to limit the charging current to below 20A, preventing overcurrent during the initial charging phase of the energy storage battery.

[0099] As the charging process progresses, the third sampling circuit continuously collects the charging current and voltage and transmits the data to the controller. When the charging current of the energy storage battery gradually decreases and falls below the set threshold of 2A, the controller issues a command to open the third control switch K3, causing the energy storage battery pack to exit the charging circuit and enter a float charging state. This prevents the battery from being overcharged for a long time and extends its service life. In one specific embodiment, the energy storage battery pack is a battery pack composed of 12 lithium iron phosphate batteries in series, with a total nominal voltage of 38.4V and a capacity of 200Ah.

[0100] In another embodiment, when the photovoltaic power generation voltage is insufficient to maintain the load power supply, for example, when the output voltage is below 22V, the controller determines whether the energy storage battery pack voltage is within the operating range through the fourth sampling circuit. If the battery voltage is ≥36V, the controller keeps the second control switch K2 and the third control switch K3 open, allowing the energy storage battery to independently power the load through the discharge branch. If the battery voltage further drops below 34V, the controller closes the first control switch K1, allowing the hydrogen energy storage power generation device to connect to the system to power the load, and charges the energy storage battery with a current not exceeding 15A through a current-limiting reactor. When the battery charging current is below 1.5A, the controller controls the disconnection of K3, causing the battery to exit the charging circuit.

[0101] In terms of multi-load management, the load priority set in this embodiment is: communication equipment > water purification device > lighting equipment. When the bus voltage drops below 22V, the controller first cuts off the power supply to the lighting device; when the voltage drops further to below 21V, the controller cuts off the power supply to the water purification device, only keeping the power supply to the communication device, so as to ensure that the most critical communication function operates uninterruptedly in extreme cases.

[0102] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention can not only realize multi-source intelligent switching of photovoltaic, hydrogen energy storage and energy storage battery, but also make the system operation more refined and controllable by setting specific voltage, current and load priority parameters, which not only improves energy utilization efficiency, but also enhances the system's adaptability and reliability in complex environments.

[0103] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the first sampling circuit detects that the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient, for example, below 22V (the set minimum operating voltage of the load is 24V for safety margin), it determines that the photovoltaic power generation device cannot independently undertake the task of powering the load. At the same time, the third sampling circuit detects the energy storage battery pack. If its terminal voltage is higher than the set discharge lower limit voltage, for example, 36V (taking a 12-cell lithium iron phosphate battery pack as an example, the discharge lower limit of a single cell is 3.0V), it indicates that the battery has discharge capability.

[0104] Under these conditions, the controller issues commands: closing the third control switch K3 to connect the battery discharge branch; simultaneously opening the first control switch K1 to disconnect the hydrogen energy storage power generation device from the system; and then opening the second control switch K2 to cut off the battery charging branch, thereby enabling the energy storage battery pack to directly supply power to the bus. The bus voltage remains within the operating range of 37V to 40V under the maintenance of the battery output, ensuring stable operation at the load end.

[0105] In one specific embodiment, the energy storage battery pack has a capacity of 200Ah. When the photovoltaic voltage is below 22V, the system switches to battery power, with a maximum output current of 50A, capable of maintaining full-load operation for 5 hours. During operation, the fourth sampling circuit monitors the battery's discharge current and voltage in real time. When the battery voltage gradually drops below 34V (i.e., a single cell voltage of approximately 2.83V), the controller anticipates insufficient energy storage capacity and prepares to enter the hydrogen energy storage takeover stage, closing the first control switch K1 to put the hydrogen energy storage power generation device into operation.

[0106] To avoid energy waste and load fluctuations caused by frequent switching, the controller in this embodiment incorporates delay logic: photovoltaic power is only deemed insufficient and the system switches to energy storage power supply when the photovoltaic voltage is detected to be below 22V for more than 10 seconds. Similarly, battery power is only deemed insufficient and the system enters hydrogen energy storage mode when the battery voltage is continuously below 34V for more than 5 seconds. This delay control effectively avoids erroneous switching caused by shading, instantaneous load fluctuations, etc.

[0107] In another embodiment, if the system detects that the total load current exceeds 40A and the energy storage battery voltage is only slightly higher than the lower limit (e.g., between 36V and 36.5V), the controller will automatically cut off the secondary loads (e.g., lighting) according to the load priority strategy, and only keep the communication equipment and water purification device powered, thereby extending the power supply time of the critical loads and improving the system's emergency protection capability under low power conditions.

[0108] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, when the first sampling circuit detects that the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient, for example, below 22V (taking a 24V rated system as an example), and the fourth sampling circuit detects that the voltage of the energy storage battery pack is below a set threshold, for example, 34V (corresponding to approximately 2.83V for a single cell of a 12-cell lithium iron phosphate battery), the controller determines that neither the photovoltaic nor the energy storage battery can independently supply power to the load. Therefore, the controller outputs a control signal: closing the first control switch K1 to connect the hydrogen energy storage power generation device to the bus; simultaneously opening the second control switch K2 to disconnect the battery's conventional charging branch; and then closing the third control switch K3 to connect the battery charging branch to the system through a current-limiting element. In this way, the hydrogen energy storage power generation device simultaneously supplies power to the load and replenishes power to the energy storage battery pack through the current-limiting element.

[0109] In one specific embodiment, the hydrogen energy storage power generation device has a rated output voltage of 48V and a rated power of 5kW. When connected to the system, the bus voltage is stable at 48V±0.5V, which meets the load requirements and can also charge the energy storage battery pack. To protect battery safety, this embodiment uses a reactor with an inductance of 5mH as a current limiting element to limit the initial charging current to no more than 20A. As the battery's SOC (state of charge) gradually increases, the charging current gradually decreases. When the third sampling circuit detects that the battery charging current is less than 2A (approximately 1% of the capacity's supplementary current), the controller issues a command to disconnect the third control switch K3, causing the battery pack to exit the charging circuit. At this time, the hydrogen energy storage power generation device independently supplies power to the load.

[0110] In another embodiment, if the hydrogen energy storage power generation device is in continuous operation, the system can dynamically adjust the upper limit of the charging current based on the remaining battery power. For example, when the battery voltage is between 30V and 32V, the controller allows a maximum charging current of 25A; when the battery voltage rises above 35V, the controller limits the charging current to less than 10A to avoid overcharging and shortening battery life.

[0111] Furthermore, to avoid frequent switching caused by short-term fluctuations, this embodiment employs a delay strategy: the hydrogen energy storage device is only allowed to connect to power when the battery voltage is detected to be below 34V for more than 15 seconds; similarly, K3 is only disconnected, causing the battery to exit the charging circuit, when the charging current remains below 2A for more than 10 seconds. This strategy avoids erroneous switching caused by instantaneous load surges or sudden changes in light intensity, thus improving operational stability.

[0112] In a practical application scenario, when the energy storage cabin supplies power to communication equipment (1.5kW), water purification equipment (1.0kW), and lighting equipment (0.5kW), the hydrogen energy storage power generation unit outputs a stable 3kW power, of which approximately 2.5kW directly supplies the load, and the remaining 0.5kW is supplemented by a current-limiting reactor to charge the battery. After 2 hours of operation, the battery pack increases from 30% SOC to 60% SOC, the charging current drops to 1.8A, and the controller immediately disconnects K3, allowing the battery to exit and enter the independent hydrogen energy storage power supply mode. In this mode, the load can be stably operated for more than 6 hours, demonstrating high reliability and long endurance.

[0113] In one embodiment of the present invention, when the first sampling circuit detects that the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient, for example, below 22V (when the system rated voltage is 24V), and the second sampling circuit detects that the discharge voltage of the hydrogen energy storage power generation device is insufficient, for example, below 42V (the rated voltage of the hydrogen fuel cell is 48V, and below 42V is determined to be power decay or insufficient fuel), the controller determines that neither the photovoltaic nor the hydrogen energy storage can provide effective power.

[0114] The controller immediately issues control commands: activating the energy storage battery pack and closing the discharge branch of the energy storage battery (third control switch K3) to ensure the energy storage battery is directly connected to the bus, providing continuous and stable power to the load. Simultaneously, the controller sends fault information regarding insufficient discharge voltage of the hydrogen energy storage power generation device to the user terminal in real time via a communication module (such as 4G / 5G, LoRa, or Wi-Fi). This information may include voltage values, operating time, and an estimate of remaining hydrogen fuel in the energy storage system, reminding the user to promptly check the hydrogen source or maintain the device.

[0115] In one specific embodiment, the energy storage battery pack is a lithium iron phosphate battery pack with a total voltage of 38.4V, a capacity of 200Ah, and a maximum discharge current of 100A. When both photovoltaic and hydrogen energy storage are insufficient, the battery automatically connects to the bus, with a maximum output power of 3.8kW. In this scenario, if the total load power is 2.5kW, the battery can continuously supply power for more than 3 hours. If the battery charge (SOC) is below 20% (corresponding to a voltage of approximately 34V), the system will further send a low battery alarm message to the user, prompting for manual intervention or backup power supply.

[0116] In another embodiment, the system also includes a tiered alarm mechanism: when the voltage of the hydrogen energy storage power generation device drops to 44V, a "voltage drop warning" is sent to the user; when the voltage further drops below 42V, it is determined to be "insufficient discharge," at which point the energy storage battery is immediately switched to power supply, and an "emergency alarm" message is sent. Users can receive information in real time via a mobile app or remote monitoring platform, facilitating refueling or equipment maintenance.

[0117] To avoid load fluctuations caused by frequent switching, the controller in this embodiment employs a delay strategy: the energy storage battery pack is only activated and an information report is triggered when insufficient photovoltaic voltage is detected for more than 15 seconds or insufficient hydrogen storage voltage is detected for more than 10 seconds. This method effectively prevents malfunctions caused by instantaneous sunlight fluctuations or brief overloads of the hydrogen fuel cell.

[0118] Through the above design, even in extreme cases where both photovoltaic and hydrogen energy storage are insufficient, the present invention can still ensure uninterrupted power supply to the load by relying on energy storage batteries and provide real-time information feedback to users, which greatly improves the reliability, safety and intelligence level of the system.

[0119] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller has a built-in pre-charge control unit, which has a pre-charge control function before power switching, used to suppress bus voltage fluctuations during power switching and ensure that the voltage fluctuation amplitude does not exceed ±5%. The pre-charge control unit can be implemented using a current-limiting resistor or an active current-limiting circuit (such as a MOSFET constant current source or an IGBT PWM control circuit).

[0120] In one specific embodiment, when the first sampling circuit detects that the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient (e.g., below 22V) and it is necessary to switch to the hydrogen energy storage power generation device, the controller first determines that the first control switch K1 is about to be closed. At this time, the pre-charge control unit is activated first, connecting the output terminal of the hydrogen energy storage power generation device in parallel with the bus through a series current-limiting resistor (typically 5-20Ω, 200W power), thus achieving a slow voltage leveling. As pre-charging proceeds, the bus voltage gradually rises, and the difference between the bus voltage and the hydrogen energy storage output voltage gradually decreases. When the voltage difference drops to ≤2V and is maintained for ≥3s, the controller outputs a command to close K1, allowing the hydrogen energy storage power generation device to connect to the bus without impact. In this way, the bus voltage fluctuation during the switching process is limited to ±3%, significantly reducing the inrush current and protecting the hydrogen fuel cell stack and bus equipment.

[0121] In another embodiment, when the hydrogen energy storage power generation device is deactivated and the system needs to switch to battery power, the controller first activates the pre-charge control unit to balance the bus voltage via the current-limiting resistor. Specifically, when the fourth sampling circuit detects that the battery voltage is 36V and the bus voltage drops to 35V due to hydrogen energy unloading, the controller limits the current to ≤10A via the current-limiting resistor, gradually charging or discharging until the voltage difference is less than 1V. Subsequently, the controller closes the third control switch K3, allowing the battery to smoothly connect to the system, achieving a shock-free switchover.

[0122] In one experimental embodiment, the system bus rated voltage is 48V. When the hydrogen energy storage power generation device is switched on, if it is directly connected to the grid, it may generate a transient inrush current of more than 60A, causing the bus voltage to fluctuate by more than ±15%, which will seriously affect the electronic load. However, after adopting pre-charge control, the current limiting current is controlled within 15A, the bus voltage fluctuation is limited to ±4%, and the switching process lasts for about 2.5s, ensuring the continuity of operation of the communication equipment and the water purification equipment.

[0123] Furthermore, the pre-charge control unit of this invention can also adopt differentiated strategies according to the characteristics of different power sources. For example, when switching to a hydrogen energy storage device, an active current limiting circuit is used, resulting in a more stable charging process and controlling the voltage difference before grid connection to ≤1V; when switching to an energy storage battery, a simple high-power current limiting resistor can be used to achieve rapid pre-charging, meeting the power supply needs of small-scale loads.

[0124] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller has a hierarchical load management function, which is used to intelligently cut off or schedule the load according to the real-time status of the bus voltage when the power supply is insufficient, so as to ensure that the limited energy supply prioritizes the operation of critical equipment.

[0125] When the bus voltage drops below the first threshold, such as 22V (taking a 24V system as an example), the controller determines that the system power supply is under strain. At this time, it immediately disconnects secondary loads such as lighting devices to reduce overall power consumption. Through the coordinated action of the fourth sampling circuit and the load current monitoring module, the system can determine the power consumption of lighting devices in real time (usually 10% to 20% of the total power), and disconnecting them can effectively extend the power supply time of the energy storage battery.

[0126] When the bus voltage drops further below the second threshold, for example, 21V, the controller activates a rotating power supply strategy, alternately supplying power to the communication device and the water purification device. Specifically, an intermittent power supply mode with a duty cycle of ≥80% is adopted, meaning that within one cycle T, the power-on time Ton ≥ 0.8T and the power-off time Toff ≤ 0.2T. This significantly reduces the average power consumption of the equipment while ensuring that the communication device and the water purification device remain operational for the vast majority of the time, meeting the user's basic needs.

[0127] In one specific embodiment, the communication device has a power of 0.1kW, and the water purification device has a power of 1.9kW. If both operate continuously simultaneously, the total load power is 2.0kW. When the battery power is low, the controller activates a rotational power supply strategy, setting the cycle T = 10s, Ton = 8s, and Toff = 2s. In this way, the two loads operate alternately, reducing the average total power to approximately 1.6kW, which is a 20% reduction in energy consumption compared to continuous power supply, and extends battery life by approximately 25%. During this process, the communication device maintains an uninterrupted signal, and the water purification device can still maintain intermittent operation to meet basic water needs.

[0128] In another embodiment, to avoid the impact of frequent switching on the equipment, the controller sets a soft switching mechanism when implementing the rotational power supply. That is, before disconnecting a certain load, the power supply current is reduced in advance (by PWM modulation) and then the load switch is turned off. Similarly, when the load is reconnected, it is first powered at 50% power for 0.5s and then restored to 100% power to ensure a smooth transition of the load equipment.

[0129] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the current limiting element may be a reactor or an active current limiting module. The reactor is suitable for simple, low-cost scenarios, and its inductance value is generally 2–10 mH, used to limit the initial charging current and prevent overcurrent surges caused by excessive voltage differences. The active current limiting module uses a constant current control circuit composed of MOSFETs or IGBTs, combined with PWM modulation to achieve dynamic current control, enabling flexible adjustment of the charging current at different operating stages.

[0130] The controller not only relies on current-limiting elements for fixed current limiting, but also dynamically adjusts the current based on the state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage battery pack and the bus power margin. Specifically:

[0131] Low SoC stage (0%–30%): The battery is in the initial charging stage after deep discharge. The controller allows a larger charging current, for example, charging at 0.5C of the battery's rated capacity (100A for a 200Ah battery). When the bus power margin (remaining power of photovoltaic or hydrogen storage power generation) is ≥20%, the controller will open the maximum allowable charging current to improve charging efficiency.

[0132] Mid-SoC stage (30%–80%): As the battery gradually approaches full charge, the controller gradually reduces the charging current. For example, at 50% SoC, the charging current is limited to 0.3C (approximately 60A); at 70% SoC, the charging current is further reduced to 0.2C (approximately 40A) to reduce battery heat generation and extend cycle life.

[0133] High SoC stage (80%–100%): The battery is in the later stage of charging. The controller adopts a constant voltage and current limiting method and limits the charging current to ≤0.05C (about 10A) to achieve trickle charging. When the charging current remains below 2A for more than 300 seconds, the controller determines that the battery is close to full charge and then disconnects the third control switch K3, causing the battery to exit the charging circuit and enter the float charging standby mode.

[0134] In a specific experimental embodiment, the system bus rated power is 5kW, the photovoltaic power generation device can provide 4kW on a sunny day, and the real-time load power is 2.5kW. At this time, the bus power margin is 1.5kW. The controller determines that the margin is ≥25%, allowing the battery pack to charge at a current of 60A (approximately 2.3kW). When the load power increases to 3.8kW, the bus power margin drops to 0.2kW, and the controller immediately limits the battery charging current to within 5A to avoid the bus voltage dropping too quickly and ensure priority power supply to critical loads.

[0135] In another embodiment, when an active current limiting module is used, the controller can adjust the charging current at the millisecond level based on real-time power fluctuations. For example, when a momentary inrush current (such as a motor starting current of 40A) causes the bus power margin to drop to a negative value, the active current limiting module immediately reduces the charging current to 0 to ensure stable power supply to the load; after the inrush ends, the current is restored to the original set current to avoid large fluctuations in the bus voltage.

[0136] Figure 2-7 This diagram illustrates the structure of an emergency energy storage cabin with a photovoltaic deployment system according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2-7 As shown, the emergency energy storage cabin with a photovoltaic deployment system includes: an emergency energy storage cabin 101, equipped with an energy storage battery pack; a support base 103, fixedly installed on the top of the emergency energy storage cabin 101; at least four retractable telescopic guide rails, symmetrically arranged on the support base 103, with multiple photovoltaic panel modules 102 mounted on each telescopic guide rail; the photovoltaic panel modules 102 can slide horizontally along the telescopic guide rails, and the photovoltaic panel modules 102 can be adjusted by extending and retracting the telescopic guide rails; each telescopic guide rail is equipped with a telescopic drive mechanism, which drives the photovoltaic panel modules 102 to slide along the telescopic guide rails to a predetermined position; and a control module, interconnected with the telescopic drive mechanism, capable of automatically controlling the deployment state of the photovoltaic panel modules 102 based on the solar azimuth angle and light intensity detected by sensors.

[0137] In one embodiment, the top support base 103 is fixed with two rows of telescopic guide rails, each on which multiple photovoltaic modules are mounted. The photovoltaic modules support three states: retracted state (…). Figure 2 The photovoltaic panels are fully retracted, flush with the roof, facilitating transportation and storage. (Partially deployed state) Figure 3 , Figure 4 The photovoltaic panels extend to the left and right sides along the guide rails, increasing the area exposed to sunlight. (Fully extended state) Figure 5 The photovoltaic panels extend to their design limit, forming a double-sided extended power generation array.

[0138] This invention provides an emergency energy storage cabin 101, whose main body adopts a standard metal container structure, with an overall rectangular shape, possessing high mechanical strength and transportation adaptability, and can be conveniently transported to its destination via various transportation methods such as trucks, trains, and ships. The exterior surface of the cabin adopts a vertical reinforcing rib structure design to improve the shell's compressive strength and impact resistance, ensuring structural safety and stability during long-distance transportation and in harsh environments.

[0139] The containerized emergency energy storage cabin 101 is equipped with sealed double doors at both ends. One end is equipped with ventilation louvers and filter mesh to ensure heat dissipation and air circulation of the internal equipment, prevent dust and impurities from entering the equipment compartment, and extend the service life of the internal equipment.

[0140] A support base 103 is fixedly installed on the top of the cabin. At least four retractable guide rails are symmetrically arranged on the base, running longitudinally along the cabin. Multiple photovoltaic panel modules 102, preferably flexible photovoltaic modules, are installed on each guide rail, characterized by their lightweight, flexibility, and resistance to damage during transport. The photovoltaic panel modules 102 can slide horizontally along the guide rails, and the photovoltaic array can be unfolded and folded by extending and retracting the guide rails to adapt to different power generation needs and environmental conditions. Each guide rail is equipped with a telescopic drive mechanism, preferably an electric push rod or a rack and pinion transmission device, which can drive the photovoltaic panel modules 102 to slide along the guide rail to a predetermined position under the command of the control module, achieving automated unfolding and retraction. The control module is electrically connected to the telescopic drive mechanism and connected to a light intensity sensor and a solar azimuth angle sensor. Based on real-time data collected by the sensors, the control module can automatically calculate the optimal orientation and unfolding state of the photovoltaic panels and issue control commands to drive the photovoltaic panel modules 102 to adjust to the optimal power generation angle, thereby achieving dynamic light tracking and maximizing power generation efficiency.

[0141] In transport mode, the photovoltaic panel module 102 folds up to the top of the container, flush with the roof, without increasing the overall dimensions for transport, facilitating standardized road and container transport. In operation mode, the photovoltaic panel module 102 unfolds along the telescopic guide rails to the sides or all around, significantly increasing the light-receiving area and enabling higher-power photovoltaic power generation.

[0142] In one embodiment, the telescopic guide rail is equipped with a limiting device to restrict the maximum deployment range of the photovoltaic module 102. The limiting device preferably includes a mechanical stop fixed to the end of the telescopic guide rail and a buffer structure that cooperates with the sliding assembly of the photovoltaic module 102. The mechanical stop provides rigid resistance when the photovoltaic module 102 moves to a preset maximum travel position, thereby preventing the photovoltaic module 102 from continuing to slide outward and exceeding the design range. The buffer structure can be a rubber pad, spring buffer, or hydraulic buffer, providing deceleration and buffering when the photovoltaic module 102 contacts the limiting position, reducing impact damage to the guide rail and the photovoltaic panel body. The limiting device can be fixed to the guide rail structure by bolts or welding, and its position can be adjusted according to actual needs to accommodate photovoltaic modules 102 of different sizes or deployment ranges. During long-term operation, this limiting device not only prevents excessive extension due to drive mechanism failure or control system malfunction, but also improves the mechanical safety and reliability of the entire photovoltaic deployment system, extending the service life of the guide rail and the photovoltaic panel.

[0143] In one embodiment, the emergency energy storage cabin 101 is equipped with a wind speed detection module for real-time monitoring of wind speed changes in the surrounding environment. The wind speed detection module is preferably a digital ultrasonic anemometer, capable of high-precision wind speed measurement without mechanical wear, and can simultaneously measure wind direction information. This wind speed detection module is connected to the control module via a data cable or wireless communication, continuously transmitting the collected real-time wind speed data to the control module for processing.

[0144] The control module can be preset with a wind speed threshold parameter, such as 10-12 m / s. When the detected wind speed exceeds this threshold, the control module issues a retraction command, driving the telescopic drive mechanism on the telescopic guide rail to quickly slide and retract the photovoltaic panel module 102 to the retracted position. The retraction action is preferably completed within 30 seconds to 2 minutes to ensure that the photovoltaic module can enter a safe state before strong winds arrive, thereby effectively avoiding safety accidents such as photovoltaic panel structural deformation, guide rail damage, or photovoltaic module detachment caused by excessive wind force.

[0145] In some preferred embodiments, the wind speed detection module can be linked with a weather monitoring system or a remote meteorological data platform to initiate the photovoltaic panel retraction action in advance upon receiving a severe weather warning, further enhancing the system's protective capabilities and operational safety. Simultaneously, the control module can record the time data of wind speed changes and the retraction action, facilitating maintenance personnel's analysis of the operating environment and optimization of protection strategies.

[0146] In one embodiment, the photovoltaic panel module 102 employs a flexible photovoltaic panel assembly, which preferably consists of a flexible substrate layer, a photovoltaic cell layer, and a transparent encapsulation layer stacked sequentially. The substrate layer can be made of lightweight and weather-resistant materials such as polyimide (PI), flexible composite polymers, or stainless steel films, possessing good bending performance and mechanical strength. The photovoltaic cell layer can be made of high-efficiency photovoltaic materials such as monocrystalline silicon, flexible thin-film CIGS, or perovskite, while the transparent encapsulation layer preferably uses ETFE or fluorinated polymer materials to improve waterproof, dustproof, and UV resistance performance.

[0147] The maximum bending radius of flexible photovoltaic (PV) modules is less than 20cm, allowing them to adapt to certain bending or deformation. This characteristic not only effectively reduces the risk of cell cracking due to impact or compression during transportation and handling, but also improves adaptability when installed on telescopic guide rails. When unfolded, the PV panels can automatically adjust their bending shape according to the slight deformation of the support base 103 and the telescopic guide rail, ensuring that each PV module fully conforms to the guide rail surface or support structure, reducing gaps and warping.

[0148] During operation, flexible photovoltaic panels can maintain a flat surface when the unfolding angle is adjusted due to their bendable characteristics, thereby ensuring uniform light incidence, reducing power loss caused by local shading, and improving overall power generation efficiency. At the same time, flexible photovoltaic panels weigh only 30% to 50% of traditional glass photovoltaic modules, effectively reducing the load on the telescopic drive mechanism, lowering the power consumption of the guide rail and drive system, and extending the service life of mechanical components.

[0149] In one embodiment, the emergency energy storage cabin 101 is equipped with a data communication module for transmitting real-time operating data of the photovoltaic panels to a remote monitoring terminal via wireless communication technology. The data communication module comprises three parts: a data acquisition unit, a communication processing unit, and a wireless transmission unit. The data acquisition unit is connected to the control module, photovoltaic module monitoring sensors, battery management system (BMS), etc., and is used to collect information such as the photovoltaic panel's power generation, output voltage, current, temperature, deployment angle, and drive status in real time. After compressing and encrypting the collected data, the communication processing unit transmits it to the remote monitoring terminal via the wireless transmission unit through 4G / 5G cellular networks, Wi-Fi, LoRa, or satellite communication.

[0150] Users can receive and view real-time operating status data of the photovoltaic panels through the accompanying smart terminals (including smartphones, tablets, or PC software), including real-time power curves, cumulative power generation, historical weather conditions, and system alarm records. The smart terminal interface provides interactive control functions, allowing users to remotely send control commands to the control module to adjust the deployment state and tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel module 102. For example, when remote monitoring detects that the photovoltaic modules' power generation efficiency has decreased due to snow or dust accumulation, users can instruct the system to adjust the photovoltaic panels to a position that is easy to clean, or initiate a cleaning program through the self-cleaning system; when weather data indicates that strong winds are imminent, users can remotely control the photovoltaic panels to retract to a safe position in advance.

[0151] In some preferred embodiments, the data communication module can also interface with a cloud management platform to achieve centralized operation and maintenance management of multiple emergency energy storage cabins 101, support batch parameter configuration, remote fault diagnosis and firmware upgrade, significantly improve operation and maintenance efficiency and reduce labor costs.

[0152] In one embodiment, the data communication module allows the user to obtain meteorological data; the control module is used to retract or adjust the photovoltaic panels in advance based on the meteorological data obtained by the data communication module, in order to avoid the impact of extreme weather.

[0153] In one embodiment, the telescopic guide rail has a self-cleaning function, which includes an automatic cleaning device, preferably a combination of a rotating brush, a water spray assembly or a flexible scraper and an airflow nozzle, installed on the edge of the photovoltaic panel module 102 or the guide rail slider. The rotating brush moves along the surface of the photovoltaic panel under motor drive, removing dust, leaves, and other adhering substances through brush bristle contact. The water spray assembly sprays clean water or low-pressure cleaning fluid onto the photovoltaic panel surface through high-pressure micro-orifice nozzles, achieving a more thorough cleaning in conjunction with the brushing action. The flexible scraper removes the water film and residual dirt during the return stroke. This cleaning device can be started periodically by the control module or automatically triggered based on the detection result of a decrease in the photovoltaic panel's output power, to maintain high light transmittance on the photovoltaic panel surface, thereby ensuring the system maintains high power generation efficiency over a long period.

[0154] In another embodiment, the movement of the telescopic guide rail is controlled by an electric drive device. The electric drive device may include a DC motor, a reduction mechanism, and a rack and pinion or lead screw transmission structure to achieve smooth and precise telescopic movement of the photovoltaic panel along the guide rail. The drive device has a built-in battery management system (BMS), which communicates in real time with the energy storage battery pack to obtain the current remaining battery power, charge / discharge status, and temperature information. Based on this, it intelligently adjusts the deployment and retraction strategy of the photovoltaic panel: when the battery power is detected to be close to full charge and the load demand is low, the BMS can instruct the drive device to partially retract the photovoltaic panel to avoid excessive power generation causing the inverter to operate under no-load conditions for a long time, thus improving energy utilization efficiency; when the battery power is detected to be low and the lighting conditions are good, the BMS can control the photovoltaic panel to fully deploy and adjust its angle to the optimal orientation to maximize power generation; in special environments such as rainy or windy conditions, the BMS can work in conjunction with a weather detection module to pre-control the photovoltaic panel to retract to a safe position, reducing mechanical wear and weather impacts. By combining the self-cleaning function with the built-in BMS drive control, this embodiment can not only maintain the high-efficiency operation of photovoltaic modules, but also dynamically optimize energy utilization efficiency under different operating scenarios, extend equipment life and reduce maintenance costs.

[0155] In one embodiment, the unfolding angle range of the photovoltaic panel module 102 is 0° to 90°, and precise angle adjustment of each photovoltaic panel module 102 is achieved through a built-in electric or hydraulic adjustment device. The angle adjustment device can be an electric push rod mechanism, a hydraulic cylinder mechanism, or a rack and pinion mechanism, installed between the photovoltaic panel bracket and the telescopic guide rail slider. The electric push rod type structure uses a DC motor to drive a lead screw or worm gear to rotate, thereby extending and retracting the push rod, which in turn drives the photovoltaic panel bracket to rotate around a horizontal axis. The hydraulic cylinder type structure uses a hydraulic pump to provide stable hydraulic oil pressure, pushing the piston rod to extend and retract, achieving higher driving force and angle control accuracy, suitable for larger or heavier photovoltaic modules.

[0156] During operation, the control module calculates the optimal tilt angle of the photovoltaic panel in real time based on data collected by the light intensity sensor and the solar azimuth angle sensor, and sends control signals to the angle adjustment device to achieve automatic tracking and adjustment of the photovoltaic panel. For example, in the morning, the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted to a lower tilt angle to obtain low-angle incident light; at noon, the tilt angle can be closer to horizontal to obtain vertical incident light; and in the evening, it is adjusted to another low tilt angle to extend the effective power generation time. The angle adjustment function can not only work under normal sun tracking conditions, but also adjust the photovoltaic panel to a designated position in special weather or maintenance modes. For example, before a storm, the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted to a horizontal position or completely retracted to reduce the area affected by wind pressure; when the self-cleaning function is activated, the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted to an angle that facilitates water flow or brush head coverage to improve cleaning efficiency.

[0157] Through the above structural design, each photovoltaic panel module 102 can achieve independent and precise angle adjustment, maximizing the light energy capture rate at all times of the day, improving the overall power generation efficiency of the system, and reducing energy loss caused by poor lighting angle.

[0158] according to Figure 6 , Figure 7 The sectional view shows the following functional divisions within the cabin: The front compartment is equipped with an air conditioning module to control internal temperature, humidity, and air cleanliness. It features ventilation openings and a filter system that works in conjunction with external louvered ventilation openings. The front compartment also houses an energy storage battery pack compartment 105, preferably using lithium iron phosphate batteries, providing stable DC / AC output. The front compartment also includes an air conditioning outdoor unit compartment 104 for housing the air conditioning unit. The rear compartment houses a water purification system that filters and sterilizes raw water to produce potable water; a hydrogen production module that uses water electrolysis to produce hydrogen, which can be used to power fuel cells or stored for backup; and a water storage tank for storing purified water and byproducts from the hydrogen production process. The system has modular expansion interfaces, allowing connection to external wind turbines, mains power, or diesel generators for multi-energy complementarity.

[0159] In one embodiment, the emergency energy storage cabin 101 is equipped with a water purification device, a hydrogen production device, and a water storage device, and the operating status of the above devices is uniformly monitored and managed by a control module.

[0160] The water purification device is used to perform multi-stage filtration and purification of raw water. Its inlet can be connected to an external water source (such as river water, lake water, rainwater collection system or temporary water supply pipeline). The device is equipped with a coarse filtration unit, an activated carbon adsorption unit, a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane unit and an ultraviolet sterilization unit in sequence. It can effectively remove suspended solids, heavy metal ions, bacteria and viruses from the water, and the effluent meets drinking water standards.

[0161] The hydrogen production device preferably employs a proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis system, with its input connected to the outlet of a water purification device to ensure the purity of the water used for hydrogen production, thereby extending the lifespan of the electrolyzer and improving hydrogen production efficiency. The hydrogen produced during the process can be stored in a high-pressure hydrogen storage cylinder for use as a hydrogen source for fuel cells or other energy needs; simultaneously, the byproduct oxygen produced in this process can be used for medical or environmental improvement purposes.

[0162] The water storage device can be an integrated insulated water tank, consisting of a purified water storage area and a by-product water storage area. The purified water storage area is used for drinking water and emergency backup, while the by-product water storage area is used for equipment maintenance, cleaning, or repurification and reuse. The water tank is equipped with a level sensor and a temperature sensor to monitor the water storage status in real time.

[0163] The control module establishes data connections with the water purification device 106, water storage device 107, hydrogen energy storage and power generation device 108, and hydrogen storage tank 109. It can collect equipment operating parameters in real time (such as inlet water pressure, outlet water flow rate, water quality detection data, hydrogen production voltage and current, and water storage level), and automatically adjust the operating mode or issue an alarm signal when triggering threshold conditions (such as insufficient water storage, abnormal water quality, or excessively high equipment temperature). Furthermore, the control module supports communication with a remote monitoring platform or user smart terminal to achieve remote start-up, shutdown, and parameter adjustment, facilitating centralized management and scheduling in emergency scenarios.

[0164] The hydrogen energy storage power generation device can also be used to produce hydrogen, and the produced hydrogen is stored in the hydrogen storage tank 109.

[0165] By integrating water purification, hydrogen production, water storage, and intelligent control modules into the same emergency energy storage cabin 101, this embodiment not only provides power security but also meets the needs of drinking water supply and hydrogen energy production, significantly enhancing the equipment's comprehensive support capabilities in disaster relief, remote area deployment, and multi-energy complementary applications.

[0166] In one embodiment, the emergency energy storage cabin is a transportable metal container structure, with an overall rectangular shape conforming to international standard container specifications (such as 20-foot or 40-foot containers), facilitating transport to its destination via various modes of transport such as trucks, trains, and ships. The emergency energy storage cabin is constructed of high-strength weather-resistant steel plates, with an external corrosion-resistant protective coating to withstand harsh environments such as high temperatures, low temperatures, and salt spray. All frame components utilize thickened steel profiles and are reinforced by welding, enhancing overall resistance to pressure, earthquakes, and impacts, ensuring structural stability during transportation and deployment.

[0167] An air conditioning module is installed inside the container to regulate the temperature and humidity inside the compartment. This air conditioning module is preferably an integrated industrial air conditioning system, which has temperature control, humidity regulation, and air cleanliness filtration functions. It can maintain the temperature inside the compartment within a set range (e.g., 20℃~28℃) and the humidity within 40%~60%, and remove particulate matter, dust, and harmful gases from the air through a high-efficiency filter and electrostatic dust removal device, thereby ensuring the stable operation of the internal energy storage equipment and electronic components.

[0168] To ensure the heat dissipation performance of the equipment, the emergency energy storage cabin is also equipped with a heat dissipation and ventilation module, including louvered ventilation structures arranged at both ends or sides of the cabin. These louvered structures are made of weather-resistant aluminum alloy or stainless steel, which can achieve both natural convection and forced ventilation of air inside and outside the cabin, while also preventing rainwater and sand from entering the cabin. Together with the internal fan system, they can achieve efficient heat dissipation and maintain the operating temperature of the energy storage system, inverter and other equipment.

[0169] The emergency energy storage cabin features two closable, sealed doors with a double-layer steel plate and sealing strip structure. This design facilitates equipment maintenance and personnel access while ensuring waterproof, dustproof, and heat insulation performance when closed. The sealed doors can be equipped with either mechanical or electronic locks to enhance equipment security.

[0170] In one embodiment, the water purification device and the hydrogen production module are connected via a water supply pipeline. The water supply pipeline is made of pressure-resistant and corrosion-resistant flexible hose or stainless steel pipe and is equipped with an automatic control valve. The control module can automatically open or close the valve according to the operating requirements of the hydrogen production device, ensuring the timeliness and stability of the water supply while avoiding water quality deterioration caused by prolonged stagnation.

[0171] Through the above structural design, the emergency energy storage cabin not only has excellent mechanical strength and transportation adaptability, but can also operate stably for a long time in complex environments, ensuring the efficient and coordinated operation of various internal functional modules (energy storage, photovoltaic deployment system, water treatment, hydrogen production, etc.).

[0172] This invention provides a multi-source power generation intelligent switching power supply control method, comprising:

[0173] Step 201: Collect voltage and current signals from the photovoltaic power generation device, the hydrogen energy storage power generation device, the energy storage battery pack, and environmental sensor signals;

[0174] Step 202: When the power of the photovoltaic power generation device meets the load demand, control the photovoltaic power generation device to directly supply the load and float charge the energy storage battery pack.

[0175] Step 203: When the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient, detect the output voltage of the energy storage battery pack. If the output voltage is higher than the lower limit, discharge the battery pack to supplement the power supply.

[0176] Step 204: When the voltage of the energy storage battery pack is lower than the set value, control the hydrogen energy storage power generation device to connect to the bus and charge the energy storage battery pack with current limiting.

[0177] Step 205: When the charging current of the energy storage battery pack is lower than the set value, the energy storage battery pack is disconnected from the system, and the system is powered independently by the hydrogen energy storage power generation device.

[0178] Step 206: When neither the photovoltaic power generation device nor the hydrogen energy storage power generation device can work properly, control the energy storage battery pack to be directly connected to the bus for power supply.

[0179] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the controller periodically collects voltage and current signals from the photovoltaic power generation device, the hydrogen energy storage power generation device, and the energy storage battery pack, as well as data from environmental sensors (light intensity sensors, temperature sensors, etc.), as input conditions for system operation. Based on the collected signals, the controller executes the following control logic:

[0180] When the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device meets the load demand, for example, if the detected photovoltaic power generation power is ≥2.5kW and the load power demand is 2.0kW, the controller determines that the photovoltaic power supply can independently support the load operation. At this time, the photovoltaic power generation device directly supplies power to the load, and uses the remaining power to float charge the energy storage battery pack by closing K2 and K3. In a specific embodiment, when the photovoltaic voltage is 48V and the current is 60A, the load consumes 40A, and the remaining 20A is injected into the battery through the current-limiting reactor to achieve constant current limited charging. As the battery SOC rises to 80%, the charging current gradually decreases. When it is below 2A, the controller disconnects K3, causing the battery to exit the charging circuit and enter the float charging state.

[0181] When the photovoltaic power generation device outputs insufficient power, for example, if the detected photovoltaic power is only 1.0kW while the load demand is 2.0kW, the controller checks whether the voltage of the energy storage battery pack is higher than the lower limit. If the battery voltage is ≥36V (corresponding to a single cell voltage of 3.0V for 12-cell lithium iron phosphate batteries), the controller closes K3 to discharge the energy storage battery pack to supplement the load, ensuring that the bus voltage is maintained within the range of 37–40V. In this embodiment, the maximum output power of the battery can reach 3.8kW (200Ah×48V×0.4C), which can continuously supply power to the load for about 3 hours when the photovoltaic power is insufficient.

[0182] When the battery voltage falls below a set lower limit, such as 34V, the controller determines that the battery power is insufficient and automatically closes K1, connecting the hydrogen energy storage power generation device. The hydrogen energy storage device has a rated output power of 5kW and a stable bus voltage of 48V. Upon connection, the pre-charge control unit first reduces the difference between the bus voltage and the hydrogen energy storage voltage to ≤2V through a 10Ω current-limiting resistor before closing K1 to avoid inrush current. Afterward, the hydrogen energy storage power generation device supplies power to the load while simultaneously charging the battery pack through the current-limiting element. In one specific embodiment, the initial charging current is 25A. As the state of charge (SOC) gradually increases, the current gradually decreases. When the third sampling circuit detects that the charging current is ≤2A, the controller opens K3, causing the battery to exit the charging circuit, and the system is then powered independently by the hydrogen energy storage device.

[0183] When both the photovoltaic power generation device and the hydrogen energy storage power generation device fail to operate normally (e.g., the photovoltaic power generation is zero at night, or the hydrogen energy storage fuel is exhausted or malfunctions), the controller immediately closes K3, allowing the energy storage battery pack to directly connect to the bus for power supply, ensuring the continuous operation of critical loads. In one experimental scenario, with a battery SOC of 40% and a load power of 1.5kW, the battery can maintain independent power supply for approximately 5 hours, and prioritizes the operation of communication equipment and water purification devices through a tiered load management strategy.

[0184] To avoid erroneous handovers caused by instantaneous fluctuations, this embodiment introduces a delay determination strategy:

[0185] The energy storage priority mode is only entered when the photovoltaic power is insufficient for ≥15 seconds.

[0186] Hydrogen energy storage and power generation will only be connected when the battery voltage is below 34V for ≥10 seconds.

[0187] When the hydrogen energy storage is switched back to the battery, a pre-charge balancing process of ≥3 seconds is required.

[0188] Meanwhile, the system is equipped with overcurrent protection. When the charging and discharging current is detected to exceed 1.2 times the rated value, the relevant branch circuit will be immediately cut off to avoid equipment damage.

[0189] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, with each embodiment focusing on its differences from other embodiments. Similar or identical parts between embodiments can be referred to interchangeably. For system embodiments, since they largely correspond to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple; relevant parts can be referred to the descriptions in the method embodiments.

[0190] The methods and systems of the present invention may be implemented in many ways. For example, they may be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination of software, hardware, and firmware. The above-described order of steps for the methods is for illustrative purposes only, and the steps of the methods of the present invention are not limited to the order specifically described above unless otherwise specifically stated. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the present invention may also be implemented as a program recorded on a recording medium, the program comprising machine-readable instructions for implementing the methods according to the present invention. Thus, the present invention also covers recording media storing programs for performing the methods according to the present invention.

[0191] The description of this invention is given for illustrative and descriptive purposes only and is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to better illustrate the principles and practical application of the invention and to enable those skilled in the art to understand the invention and to design various embodiments with various modifications suitable for a particular purpose.

Claims

1. A small energy storage cabin with intelligent switching function for multi-source power generation, characterized in that, include: The photovoltaic power generation device includes a retractable photovoltaic panel installed on the top of the energy storage cabin, which is connected to the busbar via a first unidirectional device and the output voltage and current are collected through a first sampling circuit. The hydrogen energy storage power generation device is connected to the bus via a second unidirectional device and its output voltage and current are collected through a second sampling circuit. A first control switch K1 is provided on its positive side. The energy storage battery pack has a charging branch connected in parallel with the second control switch K2, a current limiting element, and in series with the third control switch K3 before being connected to the bus. The charging and discharging current and voltage are collected through the third sampling circuit. The discharging branch is connected to the bus through the third unidirectional device, and the discharging current and voltage are collected through the fourth sampling circuit. A light sensor is used to detect the intensity of sunlight. The controller is connected to the first sampling circuit, the second sampling circuit, the third sampling circuit, the fourth sampling circuit, the first control switch, the second control switch, the third control switch, and the light sensor. It is used to output control commands to the first control switch, the second control switch, and the third control switch based on the light intensity signal and the status signals of the photovoltaic power generation device, the hydrogen energy storage power generation device, and the energy storage battery pack sampled by the first sampling circuit, the second sampling circuit, the third sampling circuit, and the fourth sampling circuit, so as to realize the power supply switching between the photovoltaic power generation device, the hydrogen energy storage power generation device, and the energy storage battery pack. The switching priority is photovoltaic power generation device first, then energy storage battery pack discharge, and finally hydrogen energy storage power generation device. The multi-load output terminal is connected to multiple loads via load switches. The controller is used to cut off non-critical loads according to preset priorities when the power supply is insufficient.

2. The energy storage cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: The controller is used to: determine that the light intensity meets the set conditions based on the detection results of the light sensor and when the first sampling circuit detects that the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device is higher than the load demand voltage, control the first control switch K1 to open, the second control switch K2 to close, and the third control switch K3 to close, so that the photovoltaic power generation device supplies power to the load on one hand and charges the energy storage battery pack on the other hand through the current limiting reactor. When the charging current is lower than the set threshold, the third control switch K3 is opened, causing the energy storage battery pack to exit the charging circuit.

3. The energy storage cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the first sampling circuit detects that the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient, and the third sampling circuit detects that the voltage of the energy storage battery pack is higher than the discharge lower limit... The controller controls the third control switch K3 to close, the first control switch K1 to open, and the second control switch K2 to open, so that the energy storage battery pack directly supplies power to the bus.

4. The energy storage cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: When the first sampling circuit detects that the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient, and the fourth sampling circuit detects that the voltage of the energy storage battery pack is lower than the set threshold, the controller controls the first control switch K1 to close, the second control switch K2 to open, and the third control switch K3 to close, so that the hydrogen energy storage power generation device is connected to the bus to supply power to the load, and charges the energy storage battery pack through the current limiting element. The hydrogen energy storage power generation device supplies power to the load while charging the energy storage battery pack. When the third sampling circuit detects that the charging current of the energy storage battery pack drops below the set value, the controller controls the third control switch K3 to open, so that the energy storage battery pack stops supplying power and is independently powered by the hydrogen energy storage power generation device. and / or When the first sampling circuit detects that the output voltage of the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient and the second sampling circuit detects that the discharge voltage of the hydrogen energy storage power generation device is insufficient, the energy storage battery pack is started and the information that the discharge voltage of the hydrogen energy storage power generation device is insufficient is sent to the user.

5. The energy storage cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: The controller has a pre-charge control unit with a pre-charge control function, which is used to pre-charge the power supply to be put into operation and the bus before switching power supply, and control the bus voltage fluctuation to not exceed ±5%. When the first sampling circuit detects that the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient and needs to switch to the hydrogen energy storage power generation device, it determines that the first control switch needs to be closed to connect to the hydrogen energy storage. The pre-charging unit first charges the hydrogen energy storage output in parallel with the bus through a current limiting resistor or an active current limiting circuit until the difference between the bus voltage and the hydrogen energy storage output voltage is within the set range. Then the first control switch is closed to achieve shockless connection. When the hydrogen energy storage power generation device needs to switch back to the energy storage battery pack for power supply after it is shut down, the bus voltage is first balanced through the pre-charging unit, and then the first control switch is closed.

6. The energy storage cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: When the power supply is insufficient, the controller cuts off the load in stages according to the bus voltage. When the bus voltage is lower than the first threshold, it cuts off the lighting device. When the bus voltage is lower than the second threshold, it provides power to the communication device and the water purification device in a rotating manner. The power supply method described herein employs an intermittent power supply strategy with a duty cycle of ≥80% to reduce average power consumption and extend the power supply time of the energy storage battery pack.

7. The energy storage cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that, The current limiting element is a reactor or an active current limiting module, and the controller dynamically adjusts the charging current according to the state of charge (SoC) of the energy storage battery pack and the bus power margin.

8. The energy storage cabin according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The support base is fixedly installed on the top of the emergency energy storage cabin; At least four telescopic guide rails are symmetrically arranged on the support base, and multiple photovoltaic panel modules are installed on each telescopic guide rail; The photovoltaic panel module can slide horizontally along the telescopic guide rail, and the photovoltaic panel module can be adjusted by extending and retracting the telescopic guide rail; Each telescopic guide rail is equipped with a telescopic drive mechanism, which drives the photovoltaic panel module to slide along the telescopic guide rail to a predetermined position; The controller is connected to the telescopic drive mechanism and can automatically control the deployment state of the photovoltaic panel module based on the solar azimuth angle and light intensity detected by the sensor.

9. The energy storage cabin according to claim 8, characterized in that, Also includes: Water purification equipment is used to filter and purify raw water; and / or Hydrogen production equipment, used to produce hydrogen gas through water electrolysis or ion deposition; and / or Hydrogen storage device, used to store hydrogen gas; and / or Water storage device, used to store purified water or hydrogen-generated water; and / or Hydrogen storage device for storing hydrogen produced by water electrolysis; and / or The controller is used to monitor and manage the operation status of the water purification device, hydrogen production device, and water storage device.

10. A method for intelligent switching power supply control of multi-source power generation, characterized in that, include: Collect voltage and current signals from photovoltaic power generation devices, hydrogen energy storage power generation devices, energy storage battery packs, and environmental sensor signals; When the power of the photovoltaic power generation device meets the load demand, control the photovoltaic power generation device to directly supply the load and float charge the energy storage battery pack. When the output power of the photovoltaic power generation device is insufficient, the output voltage of the energy storage battery pack is detected. If the output voltage is higher than the lower limit, the battery pack is discharged to supplement the power supply. When the voltage of the energy storage battery pack is lower than the set value, the hydrogen energy storage power generation device is connected to the bus and the energy storage battery pack is charged with limited current. When the charging current of the energy storage battery pack is lower than the set value, the energy storage battery pack is disconnected from the system, and the system is powered independently by the hydrogen energy storage power generation device. When neither the photovoltaic power generation device nor the hydrogen energy storage power generation device can work properly, the control energy storage battery pack is directly connected to the bus for power supply.

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