Test equipment and test methods

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of test equipment and test method, it is related to detection technical field, it aims at solving the problem that pipe safety detection mode cannot simultaneously determine the mechanical properties and stress state in the full cross section full depth direction of measured material.Test equipment includes base and detection device, detection device is located in base, and it includes support, motor assembly, indentation component, ultrasonic detection component, coercive force detection component, microscopic observation component and temperature detection component;Support is located in base;Motor assembly is configured to provide power;Indentation component is configured to determine the mechanical properties and structural stress state of measured material;Ultrasonic detection component is configured to determine the thickness of measured material;Coercive force detection component is configured to determine the anisotropy characteristics of measured material;Microscopic observation component is located in indentation component, and it is configured to observe the residual indentation topography parameter of measured material;Temperature detection component is configured to determine the temperature state of measured material.

Description

Test equipment and test methods Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of testing technology, and in particular to a testing equipment and testing method. Background Technology

[0002] The determination of the mechanical properties and stress state of materials across the entire cross-section and depth of pipelines is one of the current research focuses in assessing pipeline safety. Here, "full cross-section" can refer to the planar range covering the entire annular cross-section in the cross-sectional direction of the pipeline; "full depth" can refer to the entire depth from the inner wall surface to the outer wall surface in the wall thickness direction.

[0003] Pipeline safety inspection in related technologies includes three categories: pipeline microcrack and microdefect detection, pipeline material degradation assessment, and pipeline stress safety assessment. However, these pipeline safety inspection methods are numerous and complex, requiring significant coordination of manpower and resources for integrated testing of multiple technologies. Moreover, individual testing of each technology cannot simultaneously measure the mechanical properties and stress state of the tested material across its entire cross-section and depth, failing to meet future needs for pipeline safety assessment. Furthermore, due to the lack of standardized testing standards, results are difficult to use directly, and comprehensive analysis requires standardization. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a testing equipment and testing method, which aims to solve the problem that pipeline safety testing methods in related technologies cannot simultaneously measure the mechanical properties and stress state of the tested material in the entire cross-section and depth direction.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] In a first aspect, a testing apparatus is provided, comprising a base and a testing device, the base being configured to be fixed on a material to be tested. The testing device is disposed on the base and includes a support, a motor assembly, an indentation assembly, an ultrasonic testing assembly, a coercivity testing assembly, a microscopic observation assembly, and a temperature detection assembly. The support is disposed on the base; the motor assembly is disposed on the support and configured to provide power; the indentation assembly is disposed on the support and configured to measure the mechanical properties and structural stress state of the material to be tested; the ultrasonic testing assembly is disposed on the support and configured to measure the thickness of the material to be tested; the coercivity testing assembly is disposed on the support and configured to measure the anisotropic characteristics of the material to be tested; the microscopic observation assembly is disposed in the indentation assembly and configured to observe the residual indentation morphology parameters of the material to be tested; and the temperature detection assembly is disposed on the support and configured to measure the temperature state of the material to be tested.

[0007] The testing equipment disclosed in this embodiment enables the determination of the mechanical properties of pipe materials and the stress state of pipe walls in in-service pipelines through online testing. It standardizes testing, ensures consistent testing conditions for the materials under test, reduces environmental influence errors, and minimizes errors in results obtained from different testing techniques due to varying standards. Furthermore, it enables the determination of the mechanical properties and stress state of the entire pipeline cross-section and depth, significantly improving engineers' understanding of the pipeline's safety status, enhancing their ability to perceive pipeline hazards, and ensuring safe pipeline operation.

[0008] In some embodiments, the base includes a base plate, a switching magnet, and a ball joint. A base plate support is disposed on the base plate; the switching magnet is configured to adhere to the surface of the material being tested; and a first end of the ball joint is connected to the base plate, a second end of the ball joint is connected to the switching magnet, and the ball joint is configured to change the adsorption direction of the switching magnet.

[0009] In some embodiments, at least one first groove is provided on the base plate, and the detection device is configured to move along at least one first groove.

[0010] In some embodiments, the number of ball joints and switch magnets are four each, and the four ball joints and four switch magnets are spaced apart on the base plate.

[0011] In some embodiments, the motor assembly is located at the end of the bracket away from the base. The bracket includes: a plurality of guide rods, a first fixing plate, a second fixing plate, a third fixing plate, a first guide plate, and a second guide plate. The plurality of guide rods include a first set of guide rods and a second set of guide rods. Along the height direction of the test equipment, the second set of guide rods is farther away from the motor assembly than the first set of guide rods. The first fixing plate is located on one side of the base along the height direction Z of the test equipment and is configured to fix the motor assembly. The second fixing plate is located on one side of the base along the height direction Z of the test equipment and is closer to the base plate than the first fixing plate along the height direction of the test equipment. The second fixing plate is located on the base plate. The third fixing plate is located on the other side of the base along the height direction Z of the test equipment and is in contact with the indentation assembly. The first guide plate is movably disposed on the first set of guide rods and is located between the first fixing plate and the second fixing plate. The second guide plate is movably disposed on the second set of guide rods and is located between the second fixing plate and the third fixing plate.

[0012] In some embodiments, the motor assembly includes a motor, a lead screw, and a coupling. The motor is connected to a first fixed plate; the lead screw is connected to a first guide plate; the coupling is disposed between the motor and the lead screw, and the motor is connected to the lead screw via the coupling.

[0013] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic testing component is connected to the second guide plate, and the ultrasonic testing component is provided with a transmitting and receiving transducer. The ultrasonic testing component is configured to collect and analyze the ultrasonic wave propagation time in a preset process to determine the thickness of the material under test. The preset process is the process of ultrasonic waves being emitted and propagated from the material under test to the receiver.

[0014] In some embodiments, the ultrasonic testing assembly includes a spring rod, and the head of the ultrasonic testing assembly is provided with a liquid silicone sleeve, the surface of which is coated with silicone oil.

[0015] In some embodiments, the coercivity detection assembly is connected to the second guide plate. The coercivity detection assembly includes four-legged probes and metal wires. Each of the four-legged probes has a metal wire of the same number of turns, thickness, and material. The two probes located diagonally are respectively wound with a magnetization coil and a demagnetization coil.

[0016] In some embodiments, the indentation assembly is configured to acquire and record the indentation load-displacement curve during the indentation process. The indentation assembly includes: a load sensor, an indentation fixing block, a hollow cylinder, a spherical indenter, and a displacement sensor. The end of the load sensor near the motor assembly is connected to a first guide plate; the indentation fixing block is located on the side of the load sensor away from the motor assembly, and a second groove is provided on the side of the indentation fixing block away from the load sensor; the hollow cylinder is connected to the end of the load sensor away from the motor assembly, and the hollow cylinder passes through the second guide plate and is connected to the indentation fixing block; a portion of the spherical indenter is located in the second groove, and the spherical indenter is configured to move along the second groove; the displacement sensor is located on the indentation fixing block and on one side of the hollow cylinder, and the head of the displacement sensor contacts a third fixing plate.

[0017] In some embodiments, the microscopic observation component is fixed in a hollow cylinder, and the side of the microscopic observation component away from the motor component faces the spherical pressure head.

[0018] In some embodiments, a temperature detection component is disposed on a second guide plate, and the temperature detection component includes a strain gauge for measuring the temperature of the material being measured.

[0019] Secondly, a testing method is provided for use with testing equipment, the method comprising:

[0020] The circuitry of the motor assembly, bracket, indentation assembly, ultrasonic testing assembly, coercivity testing assembly, microscopic observation assembly, and temperature detection assembly is integrated and then connected to the computer via an Ethernet cable.

[0021] Adjust the position of the spherical indenter in the indentation assembly to make the spherical indenter contact the material being tested. Control the indentation parameters through the computer to make the spherical indenter press into the material being tested. Collect and acquire load and displacement data during the indentation process, holding process, and unloading process of the spherical indenter, plot the indentation load-displacement curve, and display it on the computer.

[0022] The four-legged probe in the coercivity detection component is controlled to contact the material under test. Alternating current is applied to the coils on the four-legged probes. The material under test in the corresponding area of ​​the four-legged probes is first magnetized and then demagnetized. Data on the changes in magnetic field strength and magnetic induction intensity of the material under test during the magnetization and demagnetization processes are collected and recorded. Hysteresis loops are plotted in real time and presented in the calculation.

[0023] Silicone oil is applied to the head of the ultrasonic testing component to ensure it fits tightly against the surface of the material being tested. The ultrasonic testing component is then subjected to ultrasonic excitation. The ultrasonic propagation time from the emission of the ultrasonic wave to its acquisition is collected, along with the ultrasonic wave curve and the positions of the peaks and troughs, which are then displayed on a computer.

[0024] The temperature detection component is attached to the surface of the material being tested to collect and acquire the real-time temperature changes of the material being tested;

[0025] Align the microscopic observation component with the residual indentation formed by the indentation component, and collect and obtain the contour and size information of the residual indentation.

[0026] Orthogonal testing experiments were conducted on different materials under different stress states to obtain characteristic parameters of hysteresis loops, ultrasonic waves, indentation load-displacement curves, and residual indentation profiles for different stress states and materials. The quantitative relationship between these four types of characteristics and the mechanical properties and stress states of materials was established through machine learning.

[0027] Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different stress gradients along the depth direction on various test parameters of the tested material. Through data analysis, relationship models were established between the characteristic parameters of hysteresis loop, ultrasonic characteristic parameters, indentation load-displacement curve characteristic parameters, residual indentation profile characteristic parameters, and stress gradient. A quantitative analysis model of ultrasonic characteristics and stress gradient was also established.

[0028] Temperature tests were conducted to measure the changes in the characteristic parameters of the hysteresis loop, ultrasonic waves, indentation load-displacement curve, and residual indentation profile of the tested material at different temperatures. Through big data analysis, a temperature influence deviation correction formula was formed to correct the error caused by the temperature variation of the tested material on the test results.

[0029] Conduct comprehensive practical verification of the prediction model.

[0030] In some embodiments, the method includes: acquiring corresponding detection parameters based on the indentation component, ultrasonic testing component, coercivity testing component, microscopic observation component, and temperature detection component; and performing comprehensive analysis on the acquired parameters to obtain the mechanical properties and stress state of the tested material across the entire cross-section and depth.

[0031] The testing methods and equipment provided in this application solve the same technical problems and have the same technical effects, which will not be elaborated here. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 is a perspective view of a test apparatus according to some embodiments;

[0034] Figure 2 is a front view of a test apparatus according to some embodiments;

[0035] Figure 3 is a left view of a test apparatus according to some embodiments;

[0036] Figure 4 is a structural diagram of a base according to some embodiments;

[0037] Figure 5 is a structural diagram of a planetary geared stepper motor assembly and bracket according to some embodiments;

[0038] Figure 6 is a structural diagram of an indentation assembly according to some embodiments;

[0039] Figure 7 is a structural diagram of a detection component according to some embodiments;

[0040] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the displacement motion control of a spherical indenter according to some embodiments;

[0041] Figure 9 is an indentation load-displacement curve according to some embodiments;

[0042] Figure 10 is a dimensional diagram of a residual indentation profile according to some embodiments;

[0043] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of a coercive hysteresis loop according to some embodiments;

[0044] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram illustrating an ultrasonic wave propagation characteristic according to some embodiments;

[0045] Figure 13 is a flowchart of a test method according to some embodiments;

[0046] Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of a stress gradient model showing the effect of stress gradient along the thickness direction of a pipe cross section on test results according to some embodiments.

[0047] Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of a material constitutive model showing the effect of different material properties on test results according to some embodiments;

[0048] Figure 16 is a schematic diagram of a test apparatus and test method according to some embodiments.

[0049] Figure label:

[0050] Test equipment 100; base 1; base plate 11; ball joint 12; switch magnet 13; test device 2; motor assembly 21; motor 211; coupling 212; transmission lead screw 213; bracket 22; first fixing plate 221; second fixing plate 222; third fixing plate 223; first guide plate 224; second guide plate 225; guide light rod 226; indentation assembly 23; load sensor 231; displacement sensor 232; spherical indenter 233; hollow cylinder 234; indentation fixing block 235; ultrasonic testing assembly 24; ultrasonic probe 241; first spring rod 242; oscilloscope and excitation component 243; coercivity testing assembly 25; four-legged probe 251; metal wire 252; excitation component 253; microscopic observation assembly 26; microscope lens group 261; illumination component 262; temperature detection assembly 27; temperature detection component 271; second spring rod 272. Detailed Implementation

[0051] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0052] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or relative positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and for simplification, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application. Unless otherwise specified, the above-mentioned orientational descriptions can be flexibly set in practical applications, provided that the relative positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings are satisfied.

[0053] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0054] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "communication" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. They can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or a connection within two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0055] In embodiments of this application, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0056] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate that something is an example, illustration, or description. Any embodiment or design that is described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design. Specifically, the use of the terms "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0057] Pipeline safety inspection in related technologies includes three methods: pipeline microcrack and microdefect detection, pipeline material deterioration assessment, and pipeline stress safety assessment.

[0058] Pipeline microcrack and microdefect detection includes ultrasonic testing, magnetic particle testing, radiographic testing, eddy current testing, etc., and is mainly used to inspect weld surface cracks as well as defects such as scratches, pits, protrusions, spots, and corrosion.

[0059] Pipeline material deterioration assessment includes uniaxial tensile testing, small punch testing, impact testing, and fatigue testing. These methods are mainly used to determine the material's mechanical properties, such as elastic modulus, yield strength, and tensile strength. However, these testing methods are all destructive and are not suitable for the safety assessment of in-service pipelines. Instrumented indentation technology does not require destructive sampling of the pipeline and can directly test in-service pipelines. However, this technology can only test the outer surface of the pipeline and is difficult to determine the mechanical properties of the pipe material in the depth direction of the pipe wall.

[0060] Pipeline stress safety assessment methods are divided into destructive testing (DPT) and non-destructive testing (NDT). DPT techniques, represented by the blind hole method, have mature theories and applications. However, due to the damage they cause to the pipeline, they are not suitable for stress safety assessment of in-service pipelines. Currently, this technology is mostly used for verification and comparison of other stress assessment techniques. NDT techniques, represented by ultrasonic testing, coercive testing, indentation testing, and radiographic testing, are mainly used for stress safety assessment of in-service pipelines due to their low-damage or even non-damage characteristics. By establishing a quantitative relationship between the physical parameters measured by various stress testing techniques (ultrasonic time, magnetic induction intensity, indentation load-displacement curve, X-ray, etc.) and the stress state, the pipeline stress state can be predicted based on the changes in physical quantities. To obtain the absolute value of the changes in physical quantities, zero-stress calibration is required on pipe materials identical to those of the pipeline being tested. However, due to differences in pipeline production batches and processes, as well as material deterioration that occurs during long-term operation of in-service pipelines, it is difficult to find calibration specimens of the same material, which can lead to measurement errors and make it difficult to guarantee measurement accuracy.

[0061] The aforementioned pipeline safety inspection methods are numerous and require coordination of significant manpower and resources for comprehensive testing of multiple technologies. Moreover, individual testing of each technology cannot simultaneously measure the mechanical properties and stress state of the tested material across the entire cross-section and depth, thus failing to meet the future needs of pipeline safety assessment. Furthermore, due to the lack of standardized testing standards, the results from different methods are difficult to use directly, and comprehensive analysis requires standardization.

[0062] By analyzing the aforementioned stress detection methods, instrumented indentation technology can determine both the mechanical properties and stress state of the tested material. Therefore, this disclosure integrates ultrasonic testing, coercive force testing, and instrumented indentation technology, with instrumented indentation technology as the primary method, to develop a testing equipment and method. This testing equipment is a multifunctional intelligent device that can test the mechanical properties of materials and measure stress based on indentation technology. This equipment and method overcome the limitation of instrumented indentation technology in related technologies, which can only test the surface mechanical properties and stress state of pipe walls. By introducing ultrasonic testing technology, it can determine the acoustic time characteristic parameters in the pipe wall thickness and depth direction. By introducing coercive force testing technology, it can determine the magnetic field characteristic parameters within a certain area, and simultaneously determine the presence or absence of defects within the test area.

[0063] As shown in Figures 1 to 3, the testing equipment 100 includes a base 1 and a testing device 2, which is connected to the base 1, for example, by bolts. The base 1 provides support and fixation, while the testing device 2 performs indentation testing, ultrasonic testing, coercivity testing, temperature testing, and data acquisition. The base 1 is configured to be fixed to the material being tested.

[0064] In some embodiments, referring to FIG1 and as shown in FIG4, the base 1 includes a base plate 11, a ball joint 12, and a switching magnet 13. The detection device 2 is disposed on the base plate 11, which is horizontally positioned. The ball joint 12 is located below the base plate 11; for example, the ball joint 12 is connected to the base plate 11 by screws. The switching magnet 13 is connected below the ball joint 12; for example, the switching magnet 13 is connected to the ball joint 12 by bolts. The switching magnet 13 is configured to adhere to the surface of the material being tested (e.g., metal). A first end of the ball joint 12 is connected to the base plate 11, and a second end of the ball joint 12 is connected to the switching magnet 13. The ball joint 12 is configured to change the adsorption direction of the switching magnet 13.

[0065] For example, the base plate 11 can be made of 45# steel, which has suitable strength and is not prone to rust; the ball joint 12 can withstand strong torque and high tensile force, and can adjust the rotation direction to change the attraction angle of the switch magnet 13, so that the switch magnet can be attracted not only to flat materials but also to curved materials, thereby testing flat and curved test pieces. The torque of the ball joint 12 can be 8 N·m; with suitable torque and tensile force, the switch magnet has strong attraction, for example, 160 kg, to ensure that the device is firmly attracted to the surface of the material being tested. The base plate 11 is provided with a sliding groove, which allows the testing device 2 to move a certain distance along the groove, for example, about 100 mm.

[0066] In some embodiments, the number of ball joints 12 and switch magnets 13 are four, and the four ball joints 12 and four switch magnets 13 are spaced apart on the base plate 11. For example, the four ball joints 12 and four switch magnets 13 are all located at the four corners of the base plate 11.

[0067] In some embodiments, referring to Figures 1 and 4, the base plate 11 is provided with at least one first groove 14, and the detection device 2 is configured to move along at least one first groove 14 to facilitate testing a certain area of ​​the material to be tested.

[0068] In some embodiments, as shown in Figures 1, 5 to 7, the detection device 2 includes: a motor assembly (e.g., a planetary geared stepper motor assembly) 21, a bracket 22, an indentation assembly 23, an ultrasonic detection assembly 24, a coercivity detection assembly 25, a microscopic observation assembly 26, and a temperature detection assembly 27.

[0069] As shown in Figure 5, the planetary stepper motor assembly 21 is fixed to the end of the bracket 22 away from the base 1 (e.g., above). The planetary stepper motor assembly 21 includes a motor (e.g., a planetary stepper motor) 211, a coupling 212, and a lead screw 213. The coupling 212 is located between the motor 211 and the lead screw 213. The drive end of the planetary stepper motor 211 is fixedly connected to the lead screw 213 through the coupling 212 to ensure that the lead screw 213 and the planetary stepper motor 211 rotate coaxially. The planetary stepper motor 211 provides power for the movement of the first guide plate 224. For example, the planetary stepper motor 211 is a 42-type motor with a reduction ratio of 1:100 and a torque of 10 N·m. The coupling 212 is a rigid coupling, and the lead screw 213 is a trapezoidal threaded lead screw.

[0070] Referring to Figure 1 and as shown in Figure 5, the bracket 22 includes a first fixing plate 221, a second fixing plate 222, a third fixing plate 223, a first guide plate 224, a second guide plate 225, and multiple guide rods 226. The first fixing plate 221, the second fixing plate 222, and the third fixing plate 223 are spaced apart and, along the height direction Z of the testing equipment 100, are sequentially moved away from the planetary geared stepper motor 211. The first guide plate 224 and the second guide plate 225 are spaced apart and, along the height direction Z of the testing equipment 100, are sequentially moved away from the planetary geared stepper motor 211. The first fixing plate 221 and the second fixing plate 222 are located on one side of the base 1 along the height direction Z of the testing equipment 100, and the third fixing plate 223 is located on the other side of the base 1 along the height direction Z of the testing equipment 100. The first guide plate 224 is located between the first fixing plate 221 and the second fixing plate 222, and the second guide plate 225 is located between the second fixing plate 222 and the third fixing plate 223.

[0071] Multiple guide light rods 226 are spaced apart and can be divided into a first group of guide light rods 2261 and a second group of guide light rods 2262. For example, as shown in Figure 5, the multiple guide light rods 226 include eight guide light rods 226, the first group of guide light rods 2261 includes four guide light rods 226, and the second group of guide light rods 2262 includes another four guide light rods 226. Along the height direction Z of the test equipment 100, the second group of guide light rods 2262 is further away from the motor assembly 21 than the first group of guide light rods 2261.

[0072] The first fixing plate 221, the second fixing plate 222, and the third fixing plate 223 are fixedly connected by a plurality of guide light rods 226. For example, the first fixing plate 221 and the second fixing plate 222 are fixedly connected by a first set of guide light rods 2261, and the second fixing plate 222 and the third fixing plate 223 are fixedly connected by a second set of guide light rods 2262. The first guide plate 224 and the second guide plate 225 are placed on the plurality of guide light rods 226. For example, the first guide plate 224 is movably disposed on the first set of guide light rods 2261, and the second guide plate 225 is movably disposed on the second set of guide light rods 2262.

[0073] In some embodiments, the upper part of the bracket is used to fix the motor assembly 21, and the lower part of the bracket is used to fix the detection components (indentation component 23, ultrasonic detection component 24, coercivity detection component 25, microscopic observation component 26, and temperature detection component 27). The first set of guide rods 2261 is used to prevent the first guide plate 224 from rotating, ensuring that the first guide plate 224 can only move along the height direction Z (vertical) of the test equipment 100; the second set of guide rods 2262 is used to ensure that the second guide plate 225 moves along the height direction Z of the test equipment 100, and at the same time provides guidance for the detection components, playing a role in straightening.

[0074] The planetary geared stepper motor assembly 21 is fixed to the first fixed plate 221 by bolts, the indentation assembly 23 is fixed to the first guide plate 224, the second fixed plate 222 is fixed to the base plate 11 by bolts, and the second guide plate 225 is fixedly connected to the ultrasonic detection assembly 24, the coercivity detection assembly 25, and the temperature detection assembly 27.

[0075] As shown in Figure 6, the indentation assembly 23 includes a load sensor 231, a displacement sensor 232, a spherical indenter 233, a hollow cylinder 234, and an indentation fixing block 235. The indentation assembly 23 is configured to acquire and record the indentation load-displacement curve during the indentation process. Referring to Figures 5 and 6, the end of the load sensor 231 near the motor assembly 21 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the first guide plate 224. The indentation fixing block 235 is located on the side of the load sensor 231 away from the motor assembly 21, and a second groove is provided on the side of the indentation fixing block 235 away from the load sensor 231. A portion of the spherical indenter 233 is disposed in the second groove (guide groove), and the spherical indenter 233 is configured to move along the second groove. The hollow cylinder 234 is connected to the end of the load sensor 231 away from the motor assembly 21, and the hollow cylinder 234 passes through the second guide plate 225 and is connected to the indentation fixing block 235. The second guide plate 225 provides a straightening and guiding function for the hollow cylinder 234.

[0076] As shown in Figure 6, a hollow cylinder 234 is connected below the load sensor 231. A pressing and fixing block 235 is connected below the hollow cylinder 234. A spherical indenter 233 is connected below the pressing and fixing block 235. A displacement sensor 232 is located on one side of the pressing and fixing block 235, and the displacement sensor 232 is located on one side of the hollow cylinder 234. The head of the displacement sensor 232 is in contact with the third fixing plate 223. For example, the load sensor 231 has a range of 0~200kg and an accuracy of 0.05%, the displacement sensor 232 has a range of 0~5mm and an accuracy of 0.1μm, and the spherical indenter 233 is hemispherical with a diameter of 1.5875mm.

[0077] Referring to Figures 5 and 7, the ultrasonic testing assembly 24 includes an ultrasonic probe 241, a first spring rod (spring rod) 242, and an oscilloscope and excitation component 243. The ultrasonic probe 241 is fixedly connected to the first spring rod 242, which is fixed to the second guide plate 225. The oscilloscope and excitation component 243 are connected to a computer. The frequency of the ultrasonic probe 241 is 5MHz. The ultrasonic probe 241 includes a transmitting transducer and a receiving transducer. The transmitting transducer receives electrical signals from the excitation component, converts them into mechanical vibrations, and transmits them to the material under test. The receiving transducer captures ultrasonic waves reflected / transmitted back from the object under test, converts them into weak electrical signals, and then transmits them to the oscilloscope for display and analysis.

[0078] The ultrasonic testing component 24 is configured to collect and analyze ultrasonic waves propagating during a preset process, and calculate the thickness of the material under test; the preset process is the process in which the ultrasonic waves are emitted and propagated from the material under test to the receiver.

[0079] To ensure a tight fit between the ultrasonic testing assembly 24 and the material being tested, a spring rod 242 is installed at the tail end of the ultrasonic probe 241. The spring rod 242 is retractable to ensure that the ultrasonic probe 241 is tightly pressed against the surface of the material being tested. In addition, the ultrasonic probe 241 is equipped with a liquid silicone sleeve to fill the air gap between the ultrasonic probe 241 and the material being tested, thereby increasing the accuracy of the test. Furthermore, in some embodiments, silicone oil can be applied to the surface of the liquid silicone to improve the test accuracy.

[0080] In some embodiments, silicone oil may be applied to the surface of the material to be tested during ultrasonic testing to fill the air gap between the ultrasonic probe 241 and the material to be tested, thereby increasing the accuracy of the test.

[0081] As shown in Figure 7, the coercivity testing component 25 includes a four-legged probe 251, a metal wire (e.g., high-purity copper wire) 252, and an excitation component 253. The four-legged probes 251 are symmetrically arranged, and each of the four-legged probes 251 is wound with the same number of turns, the same thickness, and the same material of high-purity copper wire 252. The two probes located diagonally are respectively wound with a magnetization coil and a demagnetization coil, which are used to record and collect the hysteresis loops during the magnetization and demagnetization process of the tested material, extract and analyze the coercivity data, and obtain the anisotropic characteristics of the tested material in the entire magnetization region.

[0082] The four-pin probe 251 is fixed below the second guide plate 225. High-purity copper wire 252 is wound in coils around the four-pin probe 251. The excitation component 253 is connected to the computer. For example, the high-purity copper wire 252 has a diameter of 1.4 mm and a conductivity of 5.9 × 10⁻⁶. 7 The resistivity is 16.78 NΩ·M, and the four-pin probe has 40 turns of winding on each of the 251 probes.

[0083] Referring to Figures 5 and 6, as shown in Figure 7, the microscopic observation assembly 26 includes a microscope lens group 261 and an illumination component 262. The microscope lens group 261 is fixed inside the hollow cylinder 234 and connected to a computer via wiring. The illumination component 262 is fixed to the head of the hollow cylinder 234. For example, the magnification of the microscope lens group 261 is 1000~2000X, and the illumination component 262 emits white LED light. The side of the microscopic observation assembly 26 away from the motor assembly 21 faces the spherical indenter 233. This allows the spherical indenter to be moved to one side along the second groove to expose the microscopic observation assembly 26, enabling the microscopic observation assembly 26 to acquire the residual indentation profile dimensional parameters of the tested material.

[0084] As shown in Figure 7, the temperature detection assembly 27 mainly includes a temperature detection component (e.g., a PT100 temperature detection component) 271 and a second spring rod 272. The temperature detection component 271 is fixed to the second spring rod 272, which is fixed to the second guide plate 225 and connected to a computer. The temperature detection component contains a strain gauge for measuring the temperature of the material being measured.

[0085] In some embodiments, when testing materials, the detection device 2 is fixedly connected to the base 1, the base 1 is placed on the material to be tested, the switch magnet 13 is turned on, and the base 1 is attracted to the surface of the material to be tested. The attraction angle of the switch magnet is adjusted by adjusting the ball joint 12 so that the switch magnet 13 is completely attached to the surface of the material to be tested.

[0086] After adsorption is completed, the detection device 2 is moved along the slide groove (first slide groove 14) on the base plate 11, the spherical indenter 233 is aligned with the point to be tested, the main shaft of the planetary reduction stepper motor 211 is controlled to rotate, and the spherical indenter 233 is controlled to move down, so that the spherical indenter 233 contacts the material to be tested. The contact state can be based on the display value of the load sensor 231. For example, when the display value of the load sensor 231 reaches the preset value (e.g., 10N), it is considered that the spherical indenter 233 is in contact with the surface of the material to be tested. After the spherical indenter 233 contacts the surface of the material being tested, the second guide plate 225 is moved, causing the ultrasonic probe 241, the four-legged probe 251, and the temperature detection component 271 to move downwards and contact the surface of the material being tested. Since the ultrasonic probe 241 is connected to the first spring rod 242 and the temperature detection component 271 is connected to the second spring rod 272, and the first spring rod 242 and the second spring rod 272 have spring extension and contraction properties, the ultrasonic probe 241 and the temperature detection component 271 can be pressed tightly against the surface of the material being tested.

[0087] In some embodiments, after the detection components (indentation component 23, ultrasonic detection component 24, coercivity detection component 25, and temperature detection component 27, etc.) come into contact with the material to be tested, the main shaft of the planetary reduction stepper motor 211 is controlled to rotate in the positive direction, causing the spherical indenter 233 to move downward. The movement is controlled by displacement, as shown in Figure 8. The spherical indenter 233 first undergoes loading motion (corresponding to time t1). After its indentation displacement h (or indentation depth) reaches a set value (e.g., h0), the planetary reduction stepper motor 211 stops rotating and remains in this position for a period of time. After a period of time (t2-t1), following the completion of the load holding phase, the spindle of the planetary reducer stepper motor 211 moves in the reverse direction, and the spherical indenter 233 performs an unloading motion (t3-t2), completing one loading-load holding-unloading test of the spherical indenter 233. During this process, the load sensor 231 and the displacement sensor 232 record the load data applied to the spherical indenter 233 and the displacement data of the spherical indenter 233, respectively. Based on the two information, the indented load (P)-displacement (h) curve is plotted, as shown in Figure 9. Figure 9 shows the loading curve and the unloading curve. The area enclosed by the loading curve and the horizontal axis represents the work corresponding to the loading process (loading work), and the area enclosed by the unloading curve and the horizontal axis represents the work corresponding to the unloading process (unloading work). After the indentation test is completed, the planetary reduction stepper motor 211 is controlled to continue rotating in the opposite direction, slightly raising the spherical indenter 233. Once the spherical indenter 233 is higher than the initial plane of the material being tested, the spherical indenter 233 is released, allowing it to move along the groove (second groove) of the indentation fixing block 235. The spherical indenter 233 is moved to one side of the indentation fixing block 235, exposing the microscopic observation component 26 hidden in the hollow cylinder 234. Auxiliary illumination is provided by the illumination component 262, and the residual indentation left by the spherical indenter 233 on the surface of the material being tested is photographed using the microscope lens group 261. The outline of the residual indentation is shown in Figure 10, where r1 refers to the major axis of the indentation outline, r2 refers to the minor axis of the indentation outline, and σ x σ represents the normal stress along the X-axis. y This represents the normal stress along the Y-axis.

[0088] In some embodiments, coercivity testing is performed simultaneously with indentation testing. Four-legged probes 251 are wound with high-purity copper wire 252 of the same number of turns, thickness, and material. The diagonally positioned legs serve as output and induction terminals, respectively. An AC current is output to the four-legged probes 251 via an excitation component 253, sequentially magnetizing and demagnetizing the material under test. Changes in magnetic field strength H and magnetic induction intensity B during magnetization and demagnetization are collected, and hysteresis loop curves are plotted and analyzed, as shown in Figure 11. c and -H c H represents coercivity.c This refers to the magnitude of the reverse magnetic field strength when, after a material is positively magnetized to saturation, a reverse magnetic field is gradually applied, and the magnetic induction intensity B decreases from the positive saturation value to 0; -H c This refers to the magnitude of the positive magnetic field strength when a material is gradually magnetized to saturation in the reverse direction, and a positive magnetic field is applied, causing the magnetic induction intensity B to rise from the reverse saturation value to 0. B r -B represents the ability of a material to retain its magnetism after being positively magnetized. r The material indicates the ability to retain magnetism after being reverse-magnetized.

[0089] In some embodiments, ultrasonic testing is performed simultaneously with indentation testing. As shown in Figure 7, an oscilloscope and excitation component 243 are used to excite the ultrasonic probe 241. The propagation characteristics of the ultrasonic signal in the tested material are obtained through a transducer. A schematic diagram of ultrasonic signal propagation is shown in Figure 12. The left side is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic signal propagation in a defect-free material, and the right side is a schematic diagram of ultrasonic signal propagation in a defective material.

[0090] In some embodiments, temperature testing is performed simultaneously with the indentation test. As shown in Figure 7, the temperature of the surface of the material being tested is acquired in real time using a temperature detection component 271.

[0091] This disclosure also provides a testing method, as shown in FIG13, which includes steps 101 to 110.

[0092] In step 101, the circuitry of the planetary geared stepper motor assembly 21, bracket 22, indentation assembly 23, ultrasonic testing assembly 24, coercivity testing assembly 25, microscopic observation assembly 26, and temperature detection assembly 27 in the testing device 2 is integrated and connected to the computer via an Ethernet cable.

[0093] For example, the circuitry of the planetary geared stepper motor assembly 21, bracket 22, indentation assembly 23, ultrasonic testing assembly 24, coercivity testing assembly 25, microscopic observation assembly 26, and temperature detection assembly 27 in the testing device 2 is integrated and connected to a computer via a gigabit Ethernet cable to ensure stable and fast data transmission.

[0094] In step 102, the position of the spherical indenter 233 in the indentation assembly 23 is adjusted so that the spherical indenter 233 contacts the material to be tested. The indentation parameters are controlled by computer so that the spherical indenter 233 is pressed into the material to be tested. Load and displacement data of the indentation process, holding process and unloading process of the spherical indenter 233 are collected and obtained. The indentation load-displacement curve is plotted and presented on the computer.

[0095] Load and displacement data during the indentation, load holding, and unloading processes of the indenter head, collected and acquired by the indentation and indentation assembly 23, are plotted as indentation load-displacement curves and displayed on a computer. The indentation load-displacement curves are then analyzed to extract the maximum indentation load, maximum indentation depth, and residual indentation depth. The loading and unloading curves are fitted together, and the fitting function satisfies the following form: The loading energy, unloading energy, and slope of the unloading phase curve are calculated.

[0096] For example, through the Oliver-Pharr method, contact stiffness The elastic modulus, yield strength, and fracture toughness of the material are obtained through calculations using methods such as energy methods. The relationship between the indentation load-displacement curve and the material's mechanical properties is characterized using machine learning. Here, Scontact stiffness is the initial slope at the start of unloading, P is the indentation load, and h is the indentation depth. m For the maximum indentation depth, h f B represents the residual indentation depth after complete unloading; B and n are the fitting parameters of the load-depth curve, where n reflects the load variation with depth, B is the proportionality coefficient, and A... c E represents the contact area (the projected area of ​​the actual contact area between the indenter and the sample). r The reduced elastic modulus (also known as the composite elastic modulus) describes the elastic response of the contact system consisting of the indenter and the sample.

[0097] In step 103, silicone oil is applied to the head of the ultrasonic testing component 24 to make the head of the ultrasonic testing component 24 fit tightly against the surface of the material being tested. The ultrasonic testing component 24 is then subjected to ultrasonic excitation. The ultrasonic propagation time from the emission of ultrasound to the acquisition of ultrasound is collected and obtained. The obtained ultrasonic curve and the positions of the peaks and troughs are then displayed on the computer.

[0098] By using the ultrasonic testing component 24 to collect and obtain the ultrasonic propagation time from the emission of ultrasound to the acquisition of ultrasound, the obtained ultrasonic curve and the positions of the peaks and troughs are presented in the computer. According to the pulse reflection method, the propagation time T of ultrasound in the tested material is recorded. According to the ultrasonic output frequency and ultrasonic propagation speed V, the thickness H of the tested material is calculated as H = V × T / 2. The magnitude of the amplitude change and the number of peaks are obtained based on the ultrasonic feedback, which are used to evaluate whether there are defects at the test point location, and to establish a relationship model between the depth direction stress gradient and the ultrasonic time.

[0099] In step 104, the four-legged probe 251 in the coercivity detection component 26 is controlled to contact the material under test, and an alternating current is applied to the coil on the four-legged probe 251. The material under test in the area of ​​the four-legged probe 251 is first magnetized and then demagnetized. Data on the changes in magnetic field strength and magnetic induction intensity of the material under test during the magnetization and demagnetization processes are collected and recorded. The hysteresis loop is plotted in real time and presented in the calculation.

[0100] The coercivity detection component 25 will collect and record the changes in magnetic field strength and magnetic induction intensity of the tested material during magnetization and demagnetization. Four sets of hysteresis loops will be collected and plotted, and displayed on the computer. The maximum magnetic field strength will be extracted and recorded. and magnetic induction intensity And extract the intersection points of the hysteresis loop and the coordinate system. , , , A model was established to establish the relationship between the characteristic parameters of the hysteresis loop and the characteristic parameters of the material stress within the region.

[0101] In step 105, the microscopic observation component 26 is aligned with the residual indentation formed by the indentation component 23, and the contour size information of the residual indentation is collected and obtained.

[0102] The residual indentation contour size information acquired by the microscopic observation component 26 is used to take residual indentation photos, collect residual indentation contour size on the tested material, record residual indentation contour ellipticity, ellipse deflection angle and corresponding ellipse axis length, present residual indentation photos in the computer, and use function fitting for residual indentation contour.

[0103] Based on the following stress analysis model:

[0104]

[0105] A quantitative relationship is established between the residual indentation profile characteristics and the stress state at the measurement point location in the tested material. Here, k and m represent matrix coefficients, and R represents the exponent of the orthogonal experiment.

[0106] In step 106, the temperature detection component is attached to the surface of the material being tested to collect and acquire the real-time temperature change of the material being tested.

[0107] The temperature detection component 27 collects and acquires the real-time temperature change of the tested material to correct the impact of temperature change on the detection data.

[0108] It should be noted that the execution order of steps 103 to 106 is not limited, and the order of each correction can be interchanged.

[0109] In step 107, orthogonal test experiments are carried out on different materials under different stress states to obtain hysteresis loop characteristic parameters, ultrasonic characteristic parameters, indentation load-displacement curve characteristic parameters, and residual indentation profile characteristic parameters for different stress states and materials. The quantitative relationship between these four types of characteristics and the mechanical properties and stress state of the materials is established through machine learning.

[0110] Orthogonal tests were conducted on different materials under different stress states to obtain hysteresis loop characteristics, ultrasonic characteristics, indentation load-displacement curve characteristics, and residual indentation profile characteristics for different stress states and materials. The different stress states applied were biaxial stress states, including uniaxial stress states, equal biaxial stress states, and non-equal biaxial stress states, as shown in Figure 10. The constitutive model of the tested material parameters is shown in Figure 15. The quantitative relationship between these four types of characteristics and the mechanical properties and stress states of the materials was established through machine learning.

[0111] In the stress-strain curve corresponding to Figure 15, the stress at point a is σ. p (Proportional limit stress), the stress corresponding to point a' is σ e (Elastic limit stress), σ s The stress at point d represents the yield strength stress. b (Tensile strength stress), points b, c and e are typical points on the curve, α represents the slope, and tanα can represent the elastic modulus.

[0112] In step 108, experiments are conducted to investigate the effects of different stress gradients along the depth direction on various test parameters of the material under test. Through data analysis, relationship models are established between the characteristic parameters of hysteresis loop, ultrasonic characteristic parameters, indentation load-displacement curve characteristic parameters, residual indentation profile characteristic parameters, and stress gradient. A quantitative analysis model of ultrasonic characteristics and stress gradient is also established.

[0113] Experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different stress gradients along the depth direction of the tested material on various test parameters. Based on the actual model, different stress gradient functions were designed, and stress was applied to the cross-section of the specimen in the form of the function. The stress application model is shown in Figure 14. The specimens subjected to different stress gradients (corresponding to test surfaces A, B, C, D, and E, respectively) were analyzed. Through data analysis, a relationship model between four types of characteristic parameters (hysteresis loop characteristic parameters, ultrasonic characteristic parameters, indentation load-displacement curve characteristic parameters, and residual indentation profile characteristic parameters) and stress gradient was established. The quantitative analysis model of ultrasonic characteristics and stress gradient was emphasized.

[0114] In step 109, a temperature test is conducted to measure the changes in the hysteresis loop characteristic parameters, ultrasonic characteristic parameters, indentation load-displacement curve characteristic parameters, and residual indentation profile characteristic parameters of the tested material at different temperatures. Through big data analysis, a temperature influence deviation correction formula is formed to correct the error caused by the temperature change difference of the tested material on the test results.

[0115] Temperature tests were conducted to measure the changes in four characteristic parameters of the tested material at different temperatures. Through big data analysis, a temperature influence deviation correction formula was developed to correct the error caused by the temperature variation of the tested material on the test results.

[0116] In step 110, the prediction model is subjected to actual comprehensive verification.

[0117] The predictive model was comprehensively validated in practice to confirm its applicability. Ultimately, a multifunctional intelligent testing equipment and method based on indentation technology for measuring material mechanical properties and stress was developed. Based on various testing components, corresponding testing parameters were acquired, and machine learning was applied to these parameters to train samples, thereby obtaining the mechanical properties and stress state of the tested material across its entire cross-section and depth.

[0118] As shown in Figure 16, this disclosure provides a multifunctional intelligent testing equipment and method for measuring the mechanical properties and stress of materials based on indentation technology. The multifunctional intelligent testing equipment includes an indentation component, a microscopic observation component, an ultrasonic testing component, a coercivity testing component, and a temperature detection component. The indentation component obtains the indentation load-displacement curve to determine the mechanical properties at the measurement point of the tested material; the microscopic observation component observes the residual indentation profile to determine the stress state on the surface of the tested material; the ultrasonic testing component obtains ultrasonic characteristics to determine the wall thickness and defect detection of the tested material; the coercivity testing component obtains hysteresis loop characteristics to determine the anisotropy characteristics of the tested material; and the temperature detection component measures the temperature of the tested material and performs parameter corrections.

[0119] This testing method utilizes micro-indentation technology, ultrasonic measurement technology, coercivity technology, and temperature detection technology. By testing the point features, depth features, and spatial features of the material, and performing feature correction, and by using machine learning, it can predict and determine the mechanical properties and stress state of the material across the entire cross section, at the entire depth, and within a certain area.

[0120] Compared with the in-service pipeline safety assessment methods in related technologies, this disclosure has the following significant advantages:

[0121] (1) Through online testing, the mechanical properties of pipe materials and the stress state of pipe walls in in-service pipelines can be determined, the testing standards are unified, the testing conditions of the tested materials are the same, the environmental influence error is reduced, and the error of the results obtained by different testing techniques due to different standards is reduced.

[0122] (2) It enables the determination of the mechanical properties and stress state of the entire cross section and depth of the pipeline, greatly improving engineers' understanding of the pipeline safety status, enhancing their ability to perceive pipeline hazards, and ensuring the safe operation of the pipeline.

[0123] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0124] The above are merely specific embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A testing device (100), characterized in that, include: The base (1) is configured to be fixed on the material being tested; The device includes a detection apparatus (2) disposed on the base (1) and comprising: a support (22) disposed on the base (1); a motor assembly (21) disposed on the support (22) and configured to provide power; an indentation assembly (23) disposed on the support (22) and configured to measure the mechanical properties and structural stress state of the material under test; an ultrasonic testing assembly (24) disposed on the support (22) and configured to measure the thickness of the material under test; a coercivity testing assembly (25) disposed on the support (22) and configured to measure the anisotropic characteristics of the material under test; and a microscopic observation assembly (26). The indentation assembly (23) is located in the support (22) and configured to observe the residual indentation morphology parameters of the test material; and the temperature detection assembly (27) is located in the support (22) and configured to measure the temperature state of the test material; the base (1) includes: a base plate (11), and the support (22) is located on the base plate (11); the motor assembly (21) is located at the end of the support (22) away from the base (1), and the support (22) includes: a plurality of guide light rods (226), including a first group of guide light rods (2261) and a second group of guide light rods (2262), along the height direction of the test equipment (100). (Z), the second set of guide rods (2262) is further away from the motor assembly (21) than the first set of guide rods (2261); the first fixing plate (221) is located on one side of the base (1) along the height direction (Z) of the test equipment (100) and is configured to fix the motor assembly (21); the second fixing plate (222) is located on one side of the base (1) along the height direction (Z) of the test equipment (100) and along the height direction (Z) of the test equipment (100), the second fixing plate (222) is closer to the base plate (11) than the first fixing plate (221), the second fixing... A plate (222) is disposed on the base plate (11); a third fixing plate (223) is located on the other side of the base (1) along the height direction (Z) of the test equipment (100) and is in contact with the indentation assembly (23); a first guide plate (224) is movably disposed on the first set of guide rods (2261) and is located between the first fixing plate (221) and the second fixing plate (222); and a second guide plate (225) is movably disposed on the second set of guide rods (2262) and is located between the second fixing plate (222) and the third fixing plate (223);The coercivity detection component (25) is connected to the second guide plate (225). The coercivity detection component (25) includes four-legged probes (251) and metal wires (252). Each of the four-legged probes (251) is wound with the same number of turns, the same thickness, and the same material of the metal wires (252). The two prongs located diagonally are respectively wound with magnetization coils and demagnetization coils. The indentation component (23) is configured to collect and record the indentation load-displacement curve during the indentation process. The indentation component (23) includes: a load sensor (231), one end of which is connected to the first guide plate (224) near the motor assembly (21); and an indentation fixing block (235) located away from the motor from the load sensor (231). A second groove is provided on one side of the assembly (21), and on the side of the press-fit fixing block (235) away from the load sensor (231); a hollow cylinder (234) is connected to one end of the load sensor (231) away from the motor assembly (21), and the hollow cylinder (234) passes through the second guide plate (225) and is connected to the press-fit fixing block (235); a spherical pressure head (233) is partially disposed in the second groove, and the spherical pressure head (233) is configured to move along the second groove; and a displacement sensor (232) is disposed on the press-fit fixing block (235) and located on one side of the hollow cylinder (234), the head of the displacement sensor (232) contacting the third fixing plate (223).

2. The testing equipment (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base (1) further includes: a switch magnet (13) configured to be adsorbed onto the surface of the material to be tested; and a ball joint (12) with a first end connected to the base plate (11), a second end connected to the switch magnet (13), and the ball joint (12) configured to change the adsorption direction of the switch magnet (13).

3. The testing equipment (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The base plate (11) is provided with at least one first groove, and the detection device (2) is configured to move along the at least one first groove.

4. The testing equipment (100) according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of ball joints (12) and the number of switch magnets (13) are four, and the four ball joints (12) and the four switch magnets (13) are spaced apart on the base plate (11).

5. The testing equipment (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor assembly (21) includes: a motor (211) connected to the first fixed plate (221); a transmission screw (213) connected to the first guide plate (224); and a coupling (212) disposed between the motor (211) and the transmission screw (213), wherein the motor (211) is connected to the transmission screw (213) through the coupling (212).

6. The testing equipment (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ultrasonic testing component (24) is connected to the second guide plate (225). The ultrasonic testing component (24) is equipped with a transmitter and a receiver transducer. The ultrasonic testing component (24) is configured to collect and analyze the ultrasonic wave propagation sound during a preset process to determine the thickness of the material under test. The preset process is the process in which the ultrasonic wave is emitted and propagates from the material under test to the receiver.

7. The testing equipment (100) according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ultrasonic testing component (24) includes a spring rod (242), and the head of the ultrasonic testing component (24) is provided with a liquid silicone sleeve, the surface of which is covered with silicone oil.

8. The testing equipment (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The microscopic observation component (26) is fixed in the hollow cylinder (234), and the side of the microscopic observation component (26) away from the motor component (21) faces the spherical pressure head (233).

9. The testing equipment (100) according to claim 1, characterized in that, The temperature detection component (27) is disposed on the second guide plate (225), and the temperature detection component (27) includes a strain gauge for measuring the temperature of the material being measured.

10. A testing method, employing the testing equipment (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The method includes: integrating the wiring of the motor assembly (21), the bracket (22), the indentation assembly (23), the ultrasonic testing assembly (24), the coercivity testing assembly (25), the microscopic observation assembly (26), and the temperature detection assembly (27), and connecting them to a computer via an Ethernet cable; adjusting the position of the spherical indenter (233) in the indentation assembly (23) so that the spherical indenter (233) contacts the material under test; controlling the indentation parameters through the computer so that the spherical indenter (233) is pressed into the material under test; collecting and acquiring the load and displacement data of the indentation process, holding process, and unloading process of the spherical indenter (233); and plotting the indentation load-displacement. The curve is displayed in the computer; the four-legged probe (251) in the coercivity detection component (25) is controlled to contact the material under test, and an alternating current is applied to the coil on the four-legged probe (251). The material under test in the area of ​​the four-legged probe (251) is first magnetized and then demagnetized. The changes in magnetic field strength and magnetic induction intensity of the material under test during the magnetization and demagnetization processes are collected and recorded. The hysteresis loop is plotted in real time and displayed in the calculation; silicone oil is applied to the head of the ultrasonic detection component (24) so ​​that the head of the ultrasonic detection component (24) is closely attached to the surface of the material under test. The ultrasonic detection component (24) is ultrasonically excited, and the ultrasonic waves emitted from the sample are collected and obtained. The ultrasonic propagation time during the ultrasonic process is collected, and the ultrasonic curve and peak and trough positions are obtained and displayed in the computer. The temperature detection component is controlled to be attached to the surface of the material under test, and the real-time temperature change of the material under test is collected and acquired. The microscopic observation component (26) is aligned with the residual indentation formed by the indentation component (23), and the residual indentation contour size information is collected and acquired. Orthogonal test experiments are carried out on different materials under different stress states to obtain the hysteresis loop characteristic parameters, ultrasonic characteristic parameters, indentation load-displacement curve characteristic parameters, and residual indentation contour characteristic parameters of different stress states and different materials. The quantitative relationship between these four types of characteristics and the mechanical properties and stress state of the material is established by machine learning. The test is carried out on the material under test. The experiment investigated the influence of different stress gradients along the depth direction on various test parameters. Through data analysis, relationship models were established between the hysteresis loop characteristic parameters, ultrasonic characteristic parameters, indentation load-displacement curve characteristic parameters, residual indentation profile characteristic parameters, and stress gradients. A quantitative analysis model of ultrasonic characteristics and stress gradients was also established. Temperature tests were conducted to measure the changes in the hysteresis loop characteristic parameters, ultrasonic characteristic parameters, indentation load-displacement curve characteristic parameters, and residual indentation profile characteristic parameters of the tested material at different temperatures. Through big data analysis, a temperature influence deviation correction formula was developed to correct the error caused by the temperature variation differences of the tested material on the test results. Finally, the prediction model was comprehensively validated in practice.

11. The test method according to claim 10, characterized in that, The method includes: obtaining corresponding detection parameters based on the indentation component (23), the ultrasonic testing component (24), the coercivity testing component (25), the microscopic observation component (26), and the temperature detection component (27), and performing comprehensive analysis on the obtained parameters to obtain the mechanical properties and stress state of the tested material across the entire cross section and depth.

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