Iron-rich yield-increasing foliar fertilizer for rice as well as preparation method and application method of iron-rich yield-increasing foliar fertilizer

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to an iron-rich yield-increasing foliar fertilizer for rice as well as a preparation method and an application method of the iron-rich yield-increasing foliar fertilizer. According to the specific technical scheme, the iron-rich yield-increasing leaf fertilizer for the rice is prepared from, by mass, 15%-25% of porous chitosan, 20%-30% of L-malic acid and 45%-55% of ferrous sulfate. The technical problem that in the prior art, the cadmium content of brown rice cannot be reduced while the iron content cannot be increased through a leaf fertilizer is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural technology, specifically to an iron-rich foliar fertilizer for increasing rice yield, its preparation method, and its application method. Background Technology

[0002] Rice is an important global food resource, with more than half of the world's population relying on it as a staple food. The quality of rice is affected by the trace elements in the rice plant, such as zinc, iron, cadmium, and silicon. These trace elements account for a small proportion of all the elements required for rice growth, but they are indispensable for rice growth.

[0003] Rice is the staple food for half the world's population, with my country consuming an average of 210 million tons annually, accounting for 60% of its total food supply. A 1% increase in rice yield per unit area could provide approximately 2.1 million tons more rice, equivalent to feeding 14 million people for a year. When yield increases from 7 t / hm²... -2 Increased to 9 t hm -2 In the same plot of land, the cadmium concentration in rice can decrease by 22%, directly falling below 0.2 mg / kg. -1 The national standard red line is met, achieving "compensation for deficiencies with increased yields". At the same time, high yields shorten the field growth cycle, reduce the contact time between roots and cadmium, and reduce the amount transferred to grains; high yields also increase farmers' income, reduce economic losses caused by forced low-price sales or destruction due to excessive cadmium, and motivate farmers to adopt control technologies.

[0004] Iron is essential for maintaining the normal function of peripheral lymphocytes, phagocytes, and neutrophils in the human body. Besides causing anemia, iron deficiency has various other harmful effects on the body, such as negatively impacting behavioral and intellectual development, impairing the bactericidal ability of phagocytes, thus affecting the body's defense capabilities, reducing resistance to infection, increasing susceptibility to infectious diseases, and hindering normal growth and development, leading to stunted growth and abnormal bone development. Spraying iron-rich foliar fertilizers during the rice growing season is an effective way to increase the iron content of rice. In cadmium-polluted areas, the development of foliar fertilizers that combine iron enrichment with yield enhancement is of great significance for rice production. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a method for preparing and applying iron-rich foliar fertilizer for increasing rice yield, solving the technical problem that existing technologies cannot increase rice yield while simultaneously increasing iron content in rice through foliar fertilizers.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention discloses an iron-rich foliar fertilizer for increasing rice yield, which, by mass percentage, comprises 15%-25% porous chitosan, 20%-30% L-malic acid, and 45%-55% ferrous sulfate.

[0007] Accordingly, a method for preparing the iron-rich foliar fertilizer for increasing rice yield involves dissolving porous chitosan in an acidic solution, stirring it in a 30°C water bath until there are no particles, cooling it to room temperature, adding L-malic acid, sonicating it until there is a suspension without obvious particles, and finally adding ferrous sulfate and stirring it at room temperature until there is a suspension without obvious particles, thus obtaining the iron-rich foliar fertilizer for increasing rice yield.

[0008] Preferably, the acidic solution is nitric acid with a pH of 4.5.

[0009] Accordingly, one method for applying the iron-rich foliar fertilizer for increasing rice yield involves spraying the iron-rich foliar fertilizer at a rate of 1500 L / ha during the rice growth process. The spraying time is before 10:00 AM on a sunny or cloudy day with no wind, the spraying temperature is 15-30℃, and the spraying site is the rice leaves.

[0010] Preferably, the concentration of the diluted iron-rich foliar fertilizer for increasing rice yield is 2-8 mmol / L.

[0011] Preferably, the iron-rich foliar fertilizer for increasing rice yield is sprayed during the heading and grain-filling stages of rice, and the number of sprays is 3.

[0012] The present invention has the following beneficial effects: The iron-enriched foliar fertilizer for rice provided by this invention is formulated with porous chitosan, L-malic acid, and ferrous sulfate. When sprayed during the rice booting and grain-filling stages, this fertilizer significantly reduces cadmium content and increases iron content in brown rice compared to spraying the same amount of water or using a single-formula foliar fertilizer. It is simple to operate, uses readily available raw materials, and the synergistic effect of the various inhibitor components in increasing cadmium content in rice production, making it highly promising for widespread application. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0014] Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the implementation examples are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art.

[0015] This invention discloses an iron-rich foliar fertilizer for increasing rice yield, comprising, by mass percentage, 15%-25% porous chitosan, 20%-30% L-malic acid, and 45%-55% ferrous sulfate. The preparation process is as follows: porous chitosan is dissolved in an acidic solution (nitric acid, pH=4.5), stirred in a 30°C water bath using a turbine stirrer until no particles are present. After cooling to room temperature, L-malic acid is added, and the mixture is ultrasonically vibrated until a suspension without obvious particles is obtained. Finally, ferrous sulfate is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature using a turbine stirrer until a suspension without obvious particles is obtained, thus yielding the iron-rich foliar fertilizer for increasing rice yield.

[0016] This invention discloses a method for applying iron-enriched foliar fertilizer to increase rice yield. During the rice growth process, the fertilizer is sprayed at a rate of 1500 L / ha. Spraying time is before 10:00 AM on sunny or cloudy, windless days, at a temperature of 15-30℃, and on the rice leaves. The diluted concentration of the iron-enriched foliar fertilizer is 2-8 mmol / L. The fertilizer is applied three times during the booting and grain-filling stages of the rice plant.

[0017] The present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0018] Example 1 0.67045g L-malic acid, 1.39005g ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, and 0.5g porous chitosan were dissolved in 1L of ultrapure water with pH=4.5. The suspension without obvious particles was obtained by vortexing and shaking, which is the iron-rich foliar fertilizer for rice to increase yield of the present invention, hereinafter referred to as the material.

[0019] Verification experiment on the effect of foliar fertilizer application: Field plot experiment on different foliar fertilizers for early rice was carried out.

[0020] The experiment was conducted as follows: the material was sprayed onto rice using a small sprayer according to the prescribed time and dosage. The control group was sprayed with an equal amount of water.

[0021] Test location: Huanggu Village, Liling City Experimental period: Early rice season of 2024 Experimental setup: Three plots were set up for each treatment, and three replicates were set up for each plot to measure element content. The plot area was 2 square meters (i.e., 300 mL of iron-enriched foliar fertilizer for rice per plot, and the control group was an equal volume of water). The plots were isolated by empty rows. All plots were located in the same field, and the growth environment and fertilizer application were completely consistent.

[0022] The experimental plots had a total cadmium content of 0.57 ± 0.10 mg / kg in the soil, and the rice varieties were uniform and were the main local varieties.

[0023] Treatment 1: During the booting and grain-filling stages of early rice, spray 5 mmol / L of this material (300 mL) onto the rice leaves using a small spray bottle; the control was sprayed with an equal amount of water.

[0024] Treatment 2: During the booting and grain-filling stages of early rice, 5 mmol / L L-malic acid (300 mL) was sprayed onto the rice leaves using a small spray bottle; the control was sprayed with an equal amount of water.

[0025] Treatment 3: During the booting and grain-filling stages of early rice, 5 mmol / L porous chitosan (300 mL) was sprayed onto the rice leaves using a small sprayer; the control was sprayed with an equal amount of water.

[0026] Treatment 4: During the booting and grain-filling stages of early rice, 5 mmol / L ferrous sulfate (300 mL) was sprayed onto the rice leaves using a small sprayer; the control was sprayed with an equal amount of water.

[0027] Sample collection: Rice grains were collected, threshed, and hulled during the rice ripening period (mid to late July).

[0028] The test results are as follows: (1) The effects of foliar fertilizer on yield are shown in Table 1. The experimental results show that compared with spraying an equal amount of water, spraying the iron-rich foliar fertilizer, porous chitosan, and ferrous sulfate of this material all increased rice yield, but L-malic acid treatment reduced rice yield. Compared with single foliar fertilizers, this material had the best effect on increasing yield. After application, the rice yield reached 75046.9±8490.0 kg / ha, which was 58.43% higher than that of an equal amount of water.

[0029] Table 1. Effects of foliar fertilizer on rice yield

[0030] (2) The test results of cadmium and iron content in brown rice are shown in Table 2. The results show that compared with spraying an equal amount of water, spraying the iron-enriched foliar fertilizer for rice, porous chitosan, L-malic acid and ferrous sulfate of the present invention significantly reduced the cadmium content in brown rice and increased the iron content in brown rice. Among them, the iron-enriched foliar fertilizer for rice of the present invention has the most significant effect. Compared with spraying an equal amount of water, the cadmium reduction effect is 72.44% and the iron enrichment effect is 2.0 times. Compared with other single foliar fertilizers, the effect of this material in reducing the cadmium content and increasing the iron content in brown rice is significantly better than that of single foliar fertilizers.

[0031] Table 2. Test results of spraying different materials

[0032] (3) The proportion of cadmium in the leaves is shown in Table 3. The experimental results show that, compared with spraying an equal amount of water, spraying the iron-rich foliar fertilizer for rice production, porous chitosan, L-malic acid, and ferrous sulfate of this invention significantly reduced the proportion of cadmium in the soluble components of leaf cells and increased the proportion of cadmium in the cell wall and organelle components, thus fixing more cadmium in the cell wall and organelles. When cadmium is fixed by the cell wall and organelles of leaf cells, it can effectively reduce the transport of cadmium in the cells, with the cell wall being the main site for fixing cadmium. After spraying this material, compared with other single foliar fertilizers, this material can effectively increase the proportion of cadmium in the cell wall component, which is 41.52% ± 0.18%, while effectively reducing the proportion of cadmium in the soluble components, which is 30.17% ± 0.19%. This material is far more effective than other single foliar fertilizers in reducing the transport capacity of cadmium in rice.

[0033] Table 3. Percentage of cadmium in leaves

[0034] (4) The effects of foliar fertilizer on chlorophyll in leaves are shown in Table 3. The experimental results show that, compared with spraying an equal amount of water, spraying the iron-rich foliar fertilizer for rice production, porous chitosan, L-malic acid, and ferrous sulfate of this invention all increased the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll in rice leaves. The increase in chlorophyll content helps to increase rice yield. The effect of this material on increasing the content of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll is better than that of other single-type foliar fertilizers. After spraying, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total chlorophyll were 1.863±0.100 mg / g, 0.555±0.095 mg / g, and 2.418±0.057 mg / g, respectively.

[0035] Table 4 Effects of foliar fertilizer on chlorophyll in leaves

[0036] 5. The effect of foliar fertilizer on yield is shown in Table 5. The experimental results show that compared with spraying an equal amount of water, spraying the compound foliar fertilizer of this material, porous chitosan, and ferrous sulfate all increased rice yield, but L-malic acid treatment decreased rice yield. Compared with single foliar fertilizers, this material has the best effect on increasing yield, and the rice yield after application reached 75046.9±8490.0 kg / ha, which is an increase of 58.43% compared with an equal amount of water.

[0037] Table 5. Effects of foliar inhibitors on rice yield

[0038] Based on the experimental results of the above-mentioned test examples, the porous chitosan, L-malic acid, and ferrous sulfate components in the rice foliar fertilizer of the present invention can work synergistically to significantly reduce the cadmium content and significantly increase the iron content in brown rice. Compared with other single foliar fertilizer formulations, the iron-rich foliar fertilizer of the present invention has an extremely outstanding effect in reducing the cadmium content and increasing the iron content in brown rice, solving the technical problem in the prior art that rice cannot increase yield and iron content at the same time through foliar fertilizer.

[0039] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An iron-rich yield-enhancing foliar fertilizer for rice, characterized by: According to the mass percentage, the porous chitosan is 15%-25%, the L-malic acid is 20%-30%, and the ferrous sulfate is 45%-55%.

2. The method for preparing the iron-rich yield-increasing foliar fertilizer for rice according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous chitosan is dissolved in an acid solution, stirred in a 30℃ water bath until no particles are present, and then cooled to room temperature. The L-malic acid is added, and the mixture is ultrasonically treated until no obvious particle suspension is present. Finally, the ferrous sulfate is added, and the mixture is stirred at room temperature until no obvious particle suspension is present, thereby obtaining the rice use iron-rich yield-increasing foliar fertilizer.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein: The acid solution is nitric acid with a pH of 4.

5.

4. The method of applying the iron-rich yield-enhancing foliar fertilizer for rice according to claim 1, characterized by: During the growth of the rice, the rice use iron-rich yield-increasing foliar fertilizer is sprayed at a rate of 1500L / ha. The spraying time is before 10am on a sunny or cloudy day without wind, and the spraying temperature is 15-30℃. The spraying site is the rice leaf surface.

5. The method of applying according to claim 4, wherein: The concentration of the diluted rice use iron-rich yield-increasing foliar fertilizer is 2-8mmol / L.

6. The method of applying according to claim 4, wherein: The rice use iron-rich yield-increasing foliar fertilizer is sprayed at the booting stage and the grain filling stage of the rice, and the spraying frequency is 3 times.

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