Device and method for cooling water body of aquaculture pond and regulating and controlling water quality

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly discloses a device and method for cooling a water body of an aquaculture pond and regulating and controlling the water quality of the aquaculture pond, and the device comprises water spinach, a light water purification matrix, a sunshade net for physical sunshade and planting of the water spinach, and a fixing and supporting assembly for straightening the sunshade net and fixing the sunshade net on the periphery of a pond body, a plurality of net bags which are uniformly spaced are arranged on the surface of the sunshade net, the net bags are filled with the light water purification matrix, and the water spinach is cut in the light water purification matrix. According to the device and method for cooling the water body of the aquaculture pond and regulating and controlling the water quality, the water temperature of the aquaculture pond is reduced, the water spinach floating bed purification efficiency is improved, blue-green algae growth is controlled, and the problems that the water surface temperature of the aquaculture pond is too high and the water quality is deteriorated are solved; the system is suitable for cooling and water quality management of pond culture water in high-temperature seasons in southern areas.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of aquaculture, and particularly relates to a device and method for pond water body cooling and water quality regulation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Pond culture is the main form of freshwater fishery production. With global warming, extreme high-temperature weather is becoming more and more frequent. High temperature not only seriously affects the water environmental quality of aquaculture, but also easily causes heat stress response of cultured fish. Even continuous high temperature can cause continuous decline of water environmental quality, and high temperature stress can trigger oxidative stress. The main production areas of pond culture in China all have the problem of excessively high water temperature in summer. Therefore, in the high-temperature season of summer, certain measures need to be taken to reduce the water temperature of the pond.

[0003] The pond cooling methods mainly include deepening water, replacing cool water, shading, sprinkling ice blocks, planting aquatic plants, oxygenating machine "cold water", applying water quality improver to supplement oxygen and detoxify, solar panel shading and cooling, and composite methods (for example, the composite mode of "surface layer shading and bottom layer water replacement"). However, during the high-temperature period, the measures such as pond water replacement and water addition are limited by water sources, and cannot be added if there is no well water or the like around. The installation of photovoltaic panels has a large investment cost, and most breeders cannot afford it. The opening of dissolved oxygen cannot directly reduce the temperature. Spraying of anti-potassium bisulfite chemical agents has a high cost and certain risk, and the fish and shrimp have poor drug resistance in the high-temperature period, and cannot be used too much. Planting aquatic plants (such as duckweed, water hyacinth, and swamp cabbage) has a high cost, and the bed body of the plant floating bed directly covers the water surface, blocks the contact between the pond water surface and the air, affects the surface ventilation and heat diffusion of the pond, and affects the natural oxygenation of the pond water body. Spraying ice blocks and the like has a high cost, and the cooling effect is not obvious. Therefore, shading is the preferred measure for pond cooling.

[0004] In the prior art, the shading net is only relied on the physical shading effect for cooling, mainly solves the shading problem, lacks biological purification function, and does not have the function of water quality regulation, and the risk of water quality deterioration of the water body is still high. The biological floating bed purification relies on the planting of plastic plates or foams and the like, and the plant floating bed has poor air permeability, affects the growth of algae and the release of oxygen, affects the efficiency of natural wind oxygenation of the water surface, hinders the heat dissipation of the pond water at night, and further causes problems such as poor cooling effect, water stratification, and aggravated oxygen deficiency at the bottom of the pond.

[0005] Therefore, there is a lack of an integrated design of shading net and planting floating bed to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to provide a device and method for pond water body cooling and water quality regulation, which can reduce the water temperature of the breeding pond, improve the purification efficiency of the swamp cabbage floating bed, slow down the pH increase speed and daily fluctuation range of the pond water body, control the growth of blue-green algae, solve the problems of excessively high water surface temperature and water quality deterioration of the breeding pond, and is suitable for pond water quality management in the high-temperature season in southern areas.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the application provides a device for water quality regulation and pond water cooling, comprising swamp cabbage, light water purification matrix, shading net for physical shading and swamp cabbage planting, fixing support assembly for straightening and fixing the shading net around the pond body, the shading net surface is provided with a plurality of evenly spaced mesh bags, the light water purification matrix is filled in the mesh bag, and the swamp cabbage is inserted in the light water purification matrix.

[0008] Preferably, the fixing support assembly comprises support piles and fixing ropes, the support piles are arranged on the pond ridge around the pond body, the upper part of the support pile is provided with a threading hole, the two ends of the fixing rope are respectively threaded through the threading hole and fixedly connected with the support pile, and the shading net is laid between the fixing ropes.

[0009] Preferably, the fixing support assembly further comprises a support frame, and the support frame is inserted in the middle of the pond and abuts against the shading net.

[0010] Preferably, the particle size of the light water purification matrix is greater than the pore size of the mesh bag.

[0011] Preferably, the length and width of the mesh bag opening position, the depth of the mesh bag are all 0.6-2m, the variety of the swamp cabbage is large-leaf white stem, and 20-50 swamp cabbage seedlings are inserted in each mesh bag.

[0012] The leaves of the large-leaf white stem are larger, the stem and leaf climbing ability is stronger, and the biomass is higher. The existing swamp cabbage floating bed is planted by relying on plastic plates or foam floats, the planting holes are small, and no water purification matrix is added or the amount of water purification matrix added is too small to add a large amount of water purification material. Through the design that the light water purification matrix is filled in the mesh bag and the large-leaf white stem is inserted in the light water purification matrix, the following advantages are obtained. One, the swamp cabbage can purify water quality by absorbing nitrogen, phosphorus and trace elements and other nutrients from water, compared with water celery, water dragon, lettuce and other plants, the floating bed swamp cabbage has better water purification ability, and the floating bed swamp cabbage planted in the pond for breeding tilapia, carp, Chinese mitten crab, soft-shelled turtle, crucian carp and grass carp has good purification effect.

[0013] Secondly, on this basis, without additional floating body supporting the growth of swamp cabbage, a large amount of light weight water purification matrix can be added, in addition to absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus through plant roots, the light weight water purification matrix can also attach microorganisms to promote the decomposition ability of microorganisms to improve, the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients adsorbed by the matrix are supplied to the root system of swamp cabbage for absorption and utilization, and the root system and the matrix are like a dense 'filtering net' which can quickly absorb ammonia nitrogen, nitrite and other substances generated by the decomposition of fish excretion in water and convert them into nutrients required for their own growth, thereby strengthening the purification effect and reducing the use of floating bodies, and the sunshade net can not only provide shading and physical cooling but also provide climbing support for swamp cabbage, thereby reducing the cost and facilitating the removal after the end of cultivation.

[0014] Thirdly, by using the climbing characteristics of swamp cabbage, the coverage area formed by swamp cabbage is larger, which is beneficial to water surface shading and cooling, and the shading of swamp cabbage reduces the light energy intake of the water body, which cooperates with the nutrient competition effect to inhibit the growth of algae to some extent and slow down the speed of pH increase and the daily fluctuation range of the water body; at the same time, the light and temperature of the water surface of the pond are reduced, which is beneficial to the growth of diatoms which like low temperature and low light, and through the competition between diatoms and cyanobacteria, the growth of cyanobacteria in the pond can be controlled, thereby effectively inhibiting the outbreak of cyanobacteria in the pond.

[0015] Fourthly, the root system of swamp cabbage serves as a microbial carrier, which is beneficial to the growth of beneficial microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria, reduces harmful substances such as ammonia nitrogen, stabilizes the water quality, and overcomes the problems of traditional sunshade nets which can only single cooling and traditional floating beds which affect the water surface ventilation and completely block the sunlight.

[0016] Preferably, the light weight water purification matrix is one or more of light weight ceramic pellets and activated carbon.

[0017] Preferably, the shading rate of the sunshade net is 25% to 65%.

[0018] The application also provides a method for simultaneously cooling and water quality regulation of a breeding pond, which comprises the following steps: Sewing the net bag: the length of the sunshade net is cut according to the width of the water surface of the pond, the length of the sunshade net is required to be 3-5m smaller than the width of the water surface, holes are cut on the surface of the sunshade net at an interval of 1.5-2.5m, and a net bag is sewn for each hole; Light weight water purification matrix filling and swamp cabbage cutting: light weight water purification matrix is filled into each net bag, and swamp cabbage is cut in the light weight water purification matrix, and it is required that thick and strong side shoots with a length of 15-20cm are selected on the mother branch for cutting; Throwing and fixing: two fixing ropes are fixed on the support piles at both ends of the wide side of the pond, so that the fixing ropes are stretched on the surface of the pond, and when the surface water temperature of the pond exceeds 30 When the temperature rises or the light becomes strong, the area of the sunshade net increases accordingly, and the area of the sunshade net accounts for 5-20% of the area of the pond water surface.

[0019] Preferably, after the throwing and fixing steps, the method further comprises the following steps: Periodically checking the firmness of the fixing piles and the fixing ropes; Periodically shifting: multiple supporting piles are arranged on the bank of the pond, the sunshade net is moved, and different areas of the pond are shaded; when the net fishing operation is performed, the sunshade net is transferred to the corner; Plant management: the water spinach is collected once or multiple times, and diatom algae are added at the end of the breeding period.

[0020] Therefore, the device and the method for simultaneously cooling the water body of the breeding pond and regulating the water quality have the following beneficial effects: The sunshade net has the physical cooling function, and the light-weight water purification substrate has the microbial attachment and degradation function, so that the limitation of the single-function equipment is solved, a natural sunshade is provided for the pond, a temperature blocking layer is formed on the water surface of the breeding pond, the water temperature of the water surface of the sunshade layer is reduced by 2-5 , the water temperature of the surface water layer of the pond is maintained in the optimal growth interval of 25-28 of fish, the aquatic breeding organisms can overcome the high-temperature stress period, the excessive nitrogen and phosphorus and harmful substances are reduced, the physical sunshade function of the sunshade net and the water quality purification function of the water spinach are ingeniously integrated and synergized, the water body cooling and water quality improvement effects are achieved, the survival rate and the health of the aquatic animals are ensured in the high-temperature summer in the south, and the breeding yield plays a significant role.

[0021] The device is simple, efficient, low in cost, and easy to obtain materials, is suitable for promotion, the corrosion-resistant sunshade net can be repeatedly used for more than 3 years, the sunshade net is stored for repeated use, is an economical and environment-friendly "natural cooling scheme", in addition, the water spinach is planted in the net bag and is protected by the substrate, is not affected by the herbivorous fish, and can be used in any fish breeding.

[0022] The technical scheme of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] Fig. 1 is a structural schematic view of an embodiment of the device and the method for simultaneously cooling the water body of the breeding pond and regulating the water quality of the present application; Fig. 2 This is a partially enlarged view of an embodiment of the device and method for cooling and regulating water quality in aquaculture ponds according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure Labels 1. Support piles; 2. Fixing ropes; 3. Shade nets; 4. Lightweight water purification substrate; 5. Water spinach root system; 6. Net bags; 7. Water spinach. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0027] Example 1 like Figs. 1-2 As shown, a device for cooling and regulating the water quality of an aquaculture pond includes water spinach 7, a lightweight water purification substrate 4, a shade net 3 for physical shading and planting water spinach 7, and a fixed support assembly for straightening and fixing the shade net 3 around the pond.

[0028] The fixed support assembly includes support piles 1 and fixing ropes 2. The fixing ropes 2 must be corrosion-resistant and of moderate thickness; nylon ropes with a diameter of 0.5–1 cm can be used. Support piles 1 are installed on the pond embankments around the pond body. Support piles 1 are made of iron pipes or cement piles, and have holes at the top for connecting the nylon ropes. Two nylon ropes are connected to the support piles 1 at both ends of the pond, allowing the nylon ropes to stretch across the pond surface. The shade net 3 is laid on the two nylon ropes. If the pond is wide, a support frame can be inserted in the middle of the pond. The support frame is made of bamboo poles or polyethylene and supports the weight of the shade net 3.

[0029] Shading net 3 has a shading rate of 25%~65%, is black, and has a width of 2~3 meters. Its length is generally less than the width of the pond (4 meters). A net bag 6 is installed every 2 meters of the shade net 3. The net bag 6 is 1m×1m in size and 1m in depth.

[0030] Specifically, the method for making the net bag 6 of the shade net 3: Fully unfold the shade net 3 on the shore, and cut square holes of 1m×1m in the net surface at intervals of 2 meters.

[0031] Sewing Net Bag 6: For each square hole, sew net bag 6 around the hole with fishing line. Net bag 6 is made of fishing net. Ensure that net bag 6 is tightly fixed to the edge of the hole. The depth of net bag 6 is controlled at 1m. The bottom area of ​​net bag 6 is slightly smaller than the opening of net bag 6, forming a cone-shaped structure with a large opening area and a small bottom area.

[0032] The Ipomoea aquatica 7 is selected with large-leaf white stem, larger leaf blade, stronger stem and leaf climbing ability, and higher biomass, which can absorb more pond nitrogen and phosphorus, and form larger covering area to reduce water surface shading and cooling.

[0033] Specifically, the transplanting method of the Ipomoea aquatica 7 is as follows: The thick and strong side shoots with a length of 15-20 cm are directly selected for cutting on the mother branches. The Ipomoea aquatica 7 root system grows in the light and clean water substrate 4, and is free from being gnawed by herbivorous fish, and can grow normally. The stems and leaves of the Ipomoea aquatica 7 in the later growth stage climb along the shading net 3, and form a large shading system along the shading net 3 in the pond, cover the surface of the shading net 3, and absorb the water surface heat through plant transpiration to further reduce the water surface temperature.

[0034] In actual use, the pond water body cooling and water quality control device relates to installation and management processes, and the installation method is as follows: The light and clean water substrate 4 is filled and the Ipomoea aquatica 7 is cut: the length of the shading net 3 is cut according to the width of the pond water surface, and generally the length of the shading net 3 is required to be about 4 m smaller than the width of the water surface. The light and clean water substrate 4 such as ceramsite and activated carbon is filled into each net pocket 6; the particle size of the light and clean water substrate 4 needs to be larger than the pore size of the net pocket 6, and then the Ipomoea aquatica 7 is cut in the light and clean water substrate 4. 20-50 Ipomoea aquatica 7 seedlings are cut in each net pocket 6.

[0035] The device is put and fixed: first, the two nylon ropes are fixed on the support posts 1 at both ends of the wide side of the pond, so that the nylon ropes are stretched on the surface of the pond, the shading net 3 with the completed cutting and the filled light and clean water substrate 4 is laid on the two nylon ropes, and the shading net 3 is fixed on the nylon ropes with ropes, so as to finally ensure that the lower part of the net pocket 6 is submerged under water, and the shading net 3 is about 10-20 cm away from the water surface of the pond. A distance is left at both ends of the pond without laying the shading net 3, so as to form a stable air convection layer. The water vapor evaporated in the space forms a “microclimate”, which has a better effect than simple shading and cooling. The area occupied by the device in the pond is adjusted according to the temperature and water quality. With the increase of temperature and light, the area is increased, and the area of the shading net 3 accounts for 5%-20% of the area of the water surface of the pond.

[0036] The management method is as follows: (1) The firmness of the support post 1 and the fixed rope 2 is checked regularly to avoid the sinking of the shading net 3.

[0037] (2) The device is generally laid in June-September. When the surface water temperature of the pond is higher than 30 ℃, the device is laid, and the device is more suitable for high-value fish such as Lateolabrax japonicus and shrimps and crabs, and ponds with small area and shallow water level, and the water temperature of which is easy to be high in summer.

[0038] (3) Periodic displacement: a plurality of support piles 1 can be arranged on the bank of the pond, and the sunshade net 3 can be moved to shade different areas of the pond to prevent insufficient photosynthesis of the local water body. At the same time, when the net fishing operation is performed, the sunshade net 3 can be moved to the corner, without affecting the operation on the water surface of the pond. In addition, according to the rise and fall of the water level of the pond, the height of the sunshade net can be adjusted, so that the net bag and the substrate are submerged underwater.

[0039] (4) Plant management: the water spinach 7 can be harvested at one time or multiple times.

[0040] (5) Optionally, in September and October at the end of the breeding period, the device is applied, the water temperature and light are reduced, suitable for diatom growth, and diatom algae can be added to inhibit the growth of cyanobacteria. Therefore, the device and method for lowering the water temperature and controlling the water quality of the breeding pond are adopted, which can lower the water temperature of the breeding pond and improve the purification efficiency of the water spinach floating bed, slow down the pH rise speed and daily fluctuation range of the breeding water body, control the growth of cyanobacteria, solve the problem of high water temperature and water quality deterioration on the breeding pond, and be suitable for water quality control in high-temperature seasons in southern regions.

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application but not to limit it, although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present application can still be modified or replaced by equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot make the modified technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present application.

Claims

1. A device for simultaneously reducing the temperature and regulating the quality of water in a culture pond, characterized in that: The application relates to a pond shading device, which comprises water spinach, light water purification matrix, shading net for physical shading and water spinach planting, fixing support assembly for straightening and fixing the shading net around the pond body, wherein the shading net is provided with a plurality of uniformly spaced mesh bags on the surface, the light water purification matrix is filled in the mesh bags, and the water spinach is cut in the light water purification matrix.

2. The device for lowering the temperature and regulating the quality of water in a breeding pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixing support assembly comprises support piles and fixing ropes, the support piles are arranged on the pond ridge around the pond body, the upper part of the support pile is provided with a threading hole, the two ends of the fixing rope are respectively threaded through the threading hole and fixedly connected with the support pile, and the shading net is laid between the fixing ropes.

3. The device for both water temperature reduction and water quality control in a culture pond according to claim 2, characterized in that: The fixing support assembly further comprises a support frame which is cut in the middle of the pond and abuts against the shading net.

4. The device for water body cooling and water quality control in aquaculture ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the light water purification matrix is larger than the pore size of the mesh bag.

5. The device for water body cooling and water quality control in aquaculture ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length and width of the mesh bag opening position and the depth of the mesh bag are 0.6-2m, the variety of the water spinach is large-leaf white stem, and 20-50 water spinach seedlings are cut in each mesh bag.

6. The device for water body cooling and water quality control in aquaculture ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The light water purification matrix is one or more of light ceramsite and activated carbon.

7. The device for water body cooling and water quality control in aquaculture ponds according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shading net has a shading rate of 25-65%.

8. A method for simultaneously reducing the temperature and regulating the quality of water in a culture pond, wherein the method is implemented by using the device for simultaneously reducing the temperature and regulating the quality of water in a culture pond according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The application further relates to a pond shading device operation method, which comprises the following steps: Sewing the mesh bag: the length of the shading net is cut according to the width of the pond water surface, the length of the shading net is required to be 3-5m smaller than the width of the water surface, holes are cut on the net surface of the shading net at an interval of 1.5-2.5m, and the mesh bag is sewn for each hole; Light water purification matrix filling and water spinach cutting: the light water purification matrix is filled into each mesh bag, and the water spinach is cut in the light water purification matrix, and the thick and strong side tendril with a length of 15-20cm is selected on the mother branch for cutting; Release and fixation: two fixed ropes are fixed on the support piles at the two ends of the wide side of the pond, so that the fixed ropes are stretched on the surface of the pond. When the water temperature on the surface of the pond exceeds 30 When the water temperature on the surface of the pond exceeds 30 °C, the shading net with completed cutting and light water purification substrate filling is laid on the two nylon ropes, and the shading net is fixed with the fixed rope, so that the lower part of the net bag is submerged under water, and the shading net is about 10-20 cm away from the water surface of the pond. A distance is left at both ends of the pond without laying the shading net. When the temperature rises or the light becomes stronger, the area of the shading net increases accordingly, and the area of the shading net accounts for 5-20% of the area of the water surface of the pond.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein the method is characterized by, After the throwing and fixing steps, the following steps are further included: Periodically checking the firmness of the fixing piles and the fixing ropes; Periodically shifting: a plurality of support piles are arranged on the pond bank, the shading net is moved, the pond is shaded in different areas, and the shading net is transferred to the corner when the net fishing operation is carried out; Plant management: the water spinach is collected once or multiple times, and diatom algae are added at the end of the breeding period.

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