A heat-conducting fixing structure, a welding device for metal structural members, and a welding process

Abstract

The application provides a welding device for metal structural parts, which comprises a heat-conducting fixing structure and a shell, four groups of air slots are arranged on the upper end surface of the shell, a conveying assembly is arranged in the shell, a feeding positioning assembly and a welding assembly are fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the shell, the feeding positioning assembly is used for positioning the metal structural part and conveying the welding material to the welding point, and the welding assembly is used for welding the metal structural part, the fixed edge and the sealing edge can improve the supporting area and the stability of the fixation, when the metal structural part is fixed on the fixing component, the elastic lip edge one and the elastic lip edge two can seal the bonding point of the metal structural part and the bonding glue, effectively avoiding the overflow of the bonding glue, when the semiconductor condensing plate cools the bonding glue, the metal structural part can be cooled through cold conduction, and the gap between the fixed edge and the bonding glue can form a negative pressure, further improving the fixing effect of the fixing component on the metal structural part.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal structural component processing technology, specifically to a heat-conducting fixing structure, a welding device for metal structural components, and a welding process. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, mechanical clamps (such as pneumatic vises, electromagnetic chucks, and vacuum chucks) are commonly used for positioning and fixing metal structural components during laser welding or arc welding. These clamps have the following shortcomings:

[0003] Fixing mechanism: Rigid clamping can easily damage the workpiece, and adhesive bonding solutions require non-recyclable materials;

[0004] Material loading process: low positioning accuracy, slow changeover, separation from welding station leads to cycle time loss;

[0005] Temperature control: Welding heat input and cooling cannot be controlled in a closed loop within the same fixture, resulting in large workpiece deformation.

[0006] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention proposes a heat-conducting fixing structure, a welding device for metal structural components, and a welding process. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Technical problems to be solved

[0008] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a heat-conducting fixing structure, comprising a fixing component, the fixing component including a fixing cylinder and a hydraulic cylinder, the fixing cylinder being fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder, a fixing edge being provided on the upper outer side of the fixing cylinder, a temperature control component being installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the fixing cylinder, the inner cavity of the fixing cylinder being filled with adhesive, the adhesive being above the temperature control component, an opening being provided on the upper end face of the fixing cylinder, and a sealing edge being provided at the edge of the opening.

[0009] As a further preferred embodiment, the highest point of the fixed edge is higher than the highest point of the sealing edge, and the inner side of the sealing edge is provided with an elastic lip one and an elastic lip two, the elastic lip one and the elastic lip two forming a Y shape.

[0010] As a further preferred embodiment, the temperature control component includes a mounting base, and the upper surface of the mounting base is provided with a plurality of sets of semiconductor condensing plates. The plurality of sets of semiconductor condensing plates are arranged concentrically, and the plurality of sets of semiconductor condensing plates are arranged with alternating hot and cold surfaces along the concentric outward from the side away from the mounting base.

[0011] As a further preferred embodiment, a welding device for metal structural components includes the above-mentioned heat-conducting and fixing structure, and also includes a housing. The upper end face of the housing has four sets of slots. A conveying component is installed inside the housing. A feeding and positioning component and a welding component are fixedly connected to the upper end face of the housing. The feeding and positioning component is used to position the metal structural component and to convey the welding material to the welding point. The welding component is used to weld the metal structural component.

[0012] The transmission assembly includes a drive motor, the output end of which is fixedly connected to a fixed shaft. Four sets of connecting rods are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outside of the fixed shaft, and a fixing component is provided on the upper surface of the connecting rod opposite to the fixed shaft.

[0013] As a further preferred embodiment, the four sets of fixing components correspond to the four sets of empty slots, and the feeding positioning component and the welding component are respectively arranged above two sets of adjacent empty slots.

[0014] As a further preferred embodiment, the feeding and positioning assembly includes a feeding box and a support frame. The feeding box is disposed on the upper surface of the support frame, and positioning components are installed on the outside of the support feet at the four corners of the support frame.

[0015] As a further preferred embodiment, a displacement sensor is provided at the bottom of the support frame, which is used to monitor the distance between the metal structural component and the bottom of the support frame.

[0016] As a further preferred embodiment, the positioning component includes an electric push rod, the output end of which is fixedly connected to a positioning rod, and the two sets of positioning rods facing away from the outside of the housing have an L-shaped cross-section.

[0017] As a further preferred embodiment, the welding assembly includes a fixing clamp, an extension frame is fixedly connected to the front end face of the fixing clamp, and four sets of laser welders are provided on the lower end face of the extension frame.

[0018] As a further preferred embodiment, a welding process for a metal structural component, employing the aforementioned welding apparatus for metal structural components, includes placing the metal component above four sets of positioning rods to position it; heating the adhesive using a semiconductor condenser plate; then driving a fixed cylinder upwards via a hydraulic cylinder to bring the top of the fixed component into contact with the bottom of the metal structural component; closing the semiconductor condenser plate for heating and opening the semiconductor condenser plate for cooling; the adhesive adhering to the metal component; both the fixed edge and the sealing edge adhering to the bottom of the metal structural component; adjusting the distance between the metal component and the bottom of the support frame via a hydraulic cylinder; after a displacement sensor detects the distance of the metal component, a feed hopper delivers welding material to the welding point of the metal component; simultaneously, an electric push rod retracts the positioning rods; and then, a hydraulic cylinder retracts the metal component into the housing. A drive motor adjusts the metal component to a position below the welding assembly, where the welding assembly welds the metal structural component. The welded metal component is then transferred to a controlled empty slot. After removing the metal structural component from the empty slot, the adhesive is heated again using a semiconductor condenser plate, and then the welded metal component is removed.

[0019] Beneficial effects

[0020] This invention provides a heat-conducting fixing structure, a welding device for metal structural components, and a welding process, which have the following beneficial effects:

[0021] This invention features a feeding and positioning assembly. After a metal structural component is placed on a positioning rod, the L-shaped positioning rod positions the metal structural component during feeding. After the metal structural component is pushed upward, a displacement sensor monitors its position. Based on the monitoring results, the feeding of the metal structural component can be completed. After feeding, the positioning rod can be retracted from the inside of the support frame by an electric push rod, allowing the positioning and feeding of the metal structural component to be completed simultaneously.

[0022] Meanwhile, the metal structural components are fixed to the fixed components. The fixed edge and sealing edge can increase the support area, thereby improving the stability of the fixation. The adhesive can be bonded to the bottom of the metal structural components. When the metal structural components are fixed to the fixed components, both the fixed edge and the sealing edge will deform. Elastic lip one and elastic lip two will seal the bonding point between the metal structural components and the adhesive, effectively preventing the adhesive from overflowing. After the adhesive cools, the gap between the fixed edge and the adhesive will form a negative pressure, further improving the fixing effect of the fixed components on the metal structural components.

[0023] Furthermore, several sets of semiconductor condenser plates are arranged concentrically, and several sets of semiconductor condenser plates are arranged concentrically outward from the side opposite to the mounting base with alternating hot and cold surfaces. The semiconductor condenser plates can heat or cool the adhesive. The heated adhesive has adhesiveness and can adhere to the bottom of the metal structural component. When the semiconductor condenser plates cool the adhesive, they can conduct cold to the metal structural component, thereby achieving cooling of the metal structural component. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the welding device for metal structural parts according to the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission component structure of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fixing component structure of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the fixing component of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of the structure at point A;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature control component of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the feeding and positioning component structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning component structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the welding assembly structure of the present invention.

[0033] In the diagram: 1. Housing; 2. Conveying assembly; 21. Fixed shaft; 22. Fixed component; 221. Fixed edge; 222. Sealing edge; 2221. Elastic lip one; 2222. Elastic lip two; 223. Fixed cylinder; 224. Hydraulic cylinder; 225. Adhesive; 226. Temperature control component; 2261. Semiconductor condenser plate; 2262. Mounting base; 23. Connecting rod; 24. Drive motor; 3. Feeding and positioning assembly; 31. Feed box; 32. Support frame; 33. Positioning component; 331. Electric push rod; 332. Positioning rod; 4. Welding assembly; 41. Fixing clamp; 42. Extension frame; 43. Laser welder. Detailed Implementation

[0034] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0036] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows for communication; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0037] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0038] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of the invention. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided in this invention, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0039] like Figure 1-9 As shown, this embodiment provides a welding device for metal structural parts, including a housing 1. The upper surface of the housing 1 has four sets of slots. A conveying assembly 2 is installed inside the housing 1. A feeding and positioning assembly 3 and a welding assembly 4 are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the housing 1. The feeding and positioning assembly 3 is used to position the metal structural parts and to convey the welding material to the welding point. The welding assembly 4 is used to weld the metal structural parts.

[0040] The transmission component 2 includes a drive motor 24, the output end of the drive motor 24 is fixedly connected to a fixed shaft 21, and four sets of connecting rods 23 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outside of the fixed shaft 21. A fixing component 22 is provided on the upper end face of the connecting rod 23 away from the fixed shaft 21.

[0041] The fixing component 22 includes a fixing cylinder 223 and a hydraulic cylinder 224. The fixing cylinder 223 is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder 224. A fixing edge 221 is provided on the upper part of the outer side of the fixing cylinder 223. A temperature control component 226 is installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the fixing cylinder 223. The inner cavity of the fixing cylinder 223 is filled with adhesive 225. The adhesive 225 is above the temperature control component 226. An opening is provided on the upper end face of the fixing cylinder 223. A sealing edge 222 is provided at the edge of the opening.

[0042] Specifically, by setting up the conveying component 2, the metal structural component is placed on the conveying component 2, and the position of the metal structural component is adjusted by the drive motor 24, which can complete the continuous welding operation of the metal structural component, improve the welding efficiency of the metal structural component, and the fixing component 22 keeps the metal structural component fixed while making elastic contact with the metal structural component, so as to achieve the fixing of the metal structural component without damaging the metal structural component due to rigid contact.

[0043] like Figure 1 As shown, the four sets of fixed components 22 correspond to the positions of the four sets of empty slots, and the feeding positioning component 3 and the welding component 4 are respectively set above the two sets of adjacent empty slots.

[0044] like Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the highest point of the fixed edge 221 is higher than the highest point of the sealing edge 222. The inner side of the sealing edge 222 is provided with an elastic lip 1 2221 and an elastic lip 2222, which are Y-shaped.

[0045] Specifically, when the metal structural component is fixed to the fixed component 22, both the fixed edge 221 and the sealing edge 222 will deform. The elastic lip one 2221 and the elastic lip two 2222 will seal the bonding point between the metal structural component and the adhesive 225, effectively preventing the adhesive 225 from overflowing.

[0046] Among them, the Y-shaped elastic lip 1 2221 and elastic lip 2222 can improve the sealing performance, and the fixed edge 221 and sealing edge 222 can increase the support area.

[0047] like Figure 6 As shown, the temperature control component 226 includes a mounting base 2262, and a plurality of semiconductor condenser plates 2261 are provided on the upper surface of the mounting base 2262.

[0048] Furthermore, several sets of semiconductor condenser plates 2261 are arranged concentrically, and the several sets of semiconductor condenser plates 2261 are arranged concentrically outward from the side opposite to the mounting base 2262 with alternating hot and cold surfaces.

[0049] Specifically, the semiconductor condenser plate 2261 can heat or cool the adhesive 225, and the heated adhesive 225 becomes sticky and can adhere to the bottom of the metal structure.

[0050] Understandably, Adhesive 225 is reusable.

[0051] When the adhesive 225 cools, a negative pressure is formed in the gap between the fixing edge 221 and the adhesive 225, which further improves the fixing effect of the fixing component 22 on the metal structure. At the same time, when the semiconductor condenser plate 2261 cools the adhesive 225, it can conduct cold to the metal structure, thereby achieving cooling of the metal structure.

[0052] It should be noted that the upper part of the semiconductor condenser plate 2261 at the center is the heating surface, and the upper part of the semiconductor condenser plate 2261 outside it is the cooling surface, and they are arranged sequentially from the center outward.

[0053] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the feeding and positioning assembly 3 includes a feeding box 31 and a support frame 32. The feeding box 31 is located on the upper surface of the support frame 32, and positioning components 33 are installed on the outside of the support feet at the four corners of the support frame 32.

[0054] Furthermore, a displacement sensor is installed at the bottom of the support frame 32 to monitor the distance between the metal structural component and the bottom of the support frame 32.

[0055] Furthermore, the positioning component 33 includes an electric push rod 331, the output end of which is fixedly connected to a positioning rod 332, and the two sets of positioning rods 332 facing away from the outside of the housing 1 have an L-shaped cross section.

[0056] Specifically, after the metal structural component is placed on the positioning rod 332, the L-shaped positioning rod 332 can position the metal structural component during loading. After the metal structural component is pushed upward, the displacement sensor can monitor the position of the metal structural component. Based on the monitoring results, the loading of the metal structural component can be completed. After loading, the positioning rod 332 can be retracted from the inside of the support frame 32 by the electric push rod 331.

[0057] It is understandable that automatic feeding of the feeding components is an existing technology.

[0058] It should be noted that the delivery of welding materials to the welding points of the metal structural components can vary depending on the location of the welding points. The specific methods for delivering welding materials and delivering them to the corresponding locations are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0059] like Figure 9 As shown, the welding assembly 4 includes a fixing clamp 41, an extension frame 42 is fixedly connected to the front end face of the fixing clamp 41, and four sets of laser welders 43 are provided on the lower end face of the extension frame 42.

[0060] Specifically, the welding effect can be improved by using four sets of laser welders 43.

[0061] The laser welder 43 is fixed on the slider, and the position of the laser welder 43 below the extension frame 42 can be adjusted by the slider.

[0062] This embodiment also provides a welding method for a welding device for metal structural components. Using the aforementioned welding device, the method includes placing the metal structural component above four sets of positioning rods 332 to complete the positioning of the metal structural component; heating the adhesive 225 using a semiconductor condenser plate 2261; then driving the fixing cylinder 223 upwards using a hydraulic cylinder 224, causing the top of the fixing component 22 to adhere to the bottom of the metal structural component; closing the semiconductor condenser plate 2261 for heating and opening the semiconductor condenser plate 2261 for cooling; the adhesive 225 will adhere to the bottom of the metal structural component; both the fixing edge 221 and the sealing edge 222 will be attracted to the bottom of the metal structural component; and the method is further described by the hydraulic cylinder 2264. 4. Adjust the distance between the metal structural component and the bottom of the support frame 32. After the displacement sensor detects the distance of the metal structural component, the feed box 31 delivers the welding material to the welding point of the metal structural component. At the same time, the positioning rod 332 is retracted by the electric push rod 331. Then, the metal structural component is received into the housing 1 by the hydraulic cylinder 224. The metal structural component is adjusted to the bottom of the welding assembly 4 by the drive motor 24. The metal structural component is welded by the welding assembly 4. The welded metal structural component is then transferred to the bottom of the controlled empty slot. After the metal structural component is removed from the empty slot, the adhesive 225 is heated by the semiconductor condenser plate 2261. Finally, the welded metal structural component is removed and installed.

[0063] The welding device for metal structural parts provided by the present invention: by setting up a feeding and positioning component 3, wherein after the metal structural part is placed on the positioning rod 332, the positioning rod 332 with an L-shaped cross section can position the metal structural part during feeding, and after pushing the metal structural part upward, the displacement sensor can monitor the position of the metal structural part. Based on the monitoring results, the feeding of the metal structural part can be completed, and after feeding, the positioning rod 332 can be retracted from the inside of the support frame 32 by the electric push rod 331, so that the positioning and feeding of the metal structural part for welding can be completed simultaneously;

[0064] Meanwhile, the metal structural component is fixed to the fixing component 22. The supporting area can be increased by the fixing edge 221 and the sealing edge 222, thereby improving the stability of the fixation. The adhesive 225 can be bonded to the bottom of the metal structural component. When the metal structural component is fixed to the fixing component 22, both the fixing edge 221 and the sealing edge 222 will deform. The elastic lip one 2221 and the elastic lip two 2222 will seal the bonding point between the metal structural component and the adhesive 225, effectively preventing the adhesive 225 from overflowing. After the adhesive 225 cools down, the gap between the fixing edge 221 and the adhesive 225 will form a negative pressure, further improving the fixing effect of the fixing component 22 on the metal structural component.

[0065] Furthermore, several sets of semiconductor condenser plates 2261 are concentrically arranged, and the several sets of semiconductor condenser plates 2261 are arranged concentrically outward from the side opposite to the mounting base 2262 with alternating hot and cold surfaces. The semiconductor condenser plates 2261 can heat or cool the adhesive 225, and the heated adhesive 225 has adhesiveness and can adhere to the bottom of the metal structure.

[0066] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A welding device for metal structural components, characterized in that, The device includes a heat-conducting fixing structure, which includes a fixing component (22). The fixing component (22) includes a fixing cylinder (223) and a hydraulic cylinder (224). The fixing cylinder (223) is fixedly connected to the output end of the hydraulic cylinder (224). A fixing edge (221) is provided on the upper outer side of the fixing cylinder (223). A temperature control component (226) is installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the fixing cylinder (223). The inner cavity of the fixing cylinder (223) is filled with adhesive (225). The adhesive (225) is above the temperature control component (226). An opening is provided on the upper end face of the fixing cylinder (223). A sealing edge (222) is provided on the edge of the opening. The highest point of the fixed edge (221) is higher than the highest point of the sealing edge (222). The inner side of the sealing edge (222) is provided with an elastic lip one (2221) and an elastic lip two (2222). The elastic lip one (2221) and the elastic lip two (2222) are Y-shaped. The temperature control component (226) includes a mounting base (2262), and a plurality of semiconductor condenser plates (2261) are provided on the upper surface of the mounting base (2262). The plurality of semiconductor condenser plates (2261) are arranged concentrically, and the plurality of semiconductor condenser plates (2261) are arranged with alternating hot and cold surfaces along the concentric outward from the side away from the mounting base (2262). The welding device for metal structural parts also includes a housing (1), the upper surface of which is provided with four sets of slots, a conveying assembly (2) is installed inside the housing (1), and a feeding and positioning assembly (3) and a welding assembly (4) are fixedly connected to the upper surface of the housing (1). The feeding and positioning assembly (3) is used to position the metal structural parts and to convey the welding material to the welding point. The welding assembly (4) is used to weld the metal structural parts. The transmission component (2) includes a drive motor (24), the output end of the drive motor (24) is fixedly connected to a fixed shaft (21), and four sets of connecting rods (23) are symmetrically fixedly connected to the outside of the fixed shaft (21). A fixing component (22) is provided on the upper surface of the connecting rod (23) away from the fixed shaft (21). The feeding and positioning assembly (3) includes a feeding box (31) and a support frame (32). The feeding box (31) is located on the upper surface of the support frame (32), and positioning components (33) are installed on the outside of the four support feet at the four corners of the support frame (32). The positioning component (33) includes an electric push rod (331), and the output end of the electric push rod (331) is fixedly connected to a positioning rod (332). The two sets of positioning rods (332) facing away from the outside of the housing (1) have an L-shaped cross section.

2. The welding device for metal structural components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four sets of fixing components (22) correspond to the four sets of empty slots, and the feeding positioning component (3) and the welding component (4) are respectively set above two adjacent empty slots.

3. The welding device for metal structural components according to claim 1, characterized in that: A displacement sensor is provided at the bottom of the support frame (32), which is used to monitor the distance between the metal structural component and the bottom of the support frame (32).

4. The welding device for metal structural components according to claim 1, characterized in that: The welding assembly (4) includes a fixing clip (41), an extension frame (42) is fixedly connected to the front end face of the fixing clip (41), and four sets of laser welders (43) are provided on the lower end face of the extension frame (42).

5. A welding process for metal structural components, employing the welding apparatus for metal structural components as described in any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that: This includes placing the metal component above four sets of positioning rods (332) to complete the positioning of the metal structure, heating the adhesive (225) through the semiconductor condenser plate (2261), and then driving the fixing cylinder (223) upward through the hydraulic cylinder (224) to make the top of the fixing component (22) fit against the bottom of the metal structure, closing the semiconductor condenser plate (2261) for heating and opening the semiconductor condenser plate (2261) for cooling, so that the adhesive (225) will adhere to the metal component, and both the fixing edge (221) and the sealing edge (222) will be attracted to the bottom of the metal structure. The hydraulic cylinder (224) adjusts the metal component and the bottom of the support frame (32). After the displacement sensor detects the distance of the metal component, the feed box (31) delivers the welding material to the welding point of the metal component. At the same time, the positioning rod (332) is retracted by the electric push rod (331), and the metal component is received into the housing (1) by the hydraulic cylinder (224). The metal component is adjusted to the bottom of the welding assembly (4) by the drive motor (24). The metal structure is welded by the welding assembly (4). The welded metal component is then transferred to the bottom of the controlled empty slot. After the metal structure is removed from the empty slot, the adhesive (225) is heated by the semiconductor condenser plate (2261). The welded metal component is then removed.

Images