A flexible modular hole making apparatus and method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of hole making tool equipment, and specifically relates to a flexible modular hole making device and method, which comprises a flexible framework, the flexible framework is connected with a hard steel plate through a hard steel base, a supporting structure is arranged on the flexible framework, and a vacuum adsorption structure is symmetrically arranged on the hard steel plate; a plane displacement driving structure is installed on the hard steel plate, a multidirectional adjusting structure is installed on the plane displacement driving structure, a hole making structure is installed on the multidirectional adjusting structure, the vacuum adsorption structure comprises a vacuum chuck, when the vacuum chuck is attached to and adsorbed on the surface of a workpiece, the flexible plate surface abuts and extrudes the surface of the workpiece, the hole making structure comprises a drilling driving piece and a pulse laser generator, a drill bit is connected to the driving end of the drilling driving piece, and the bit head end of the drill bit and the emission end of the pulse laser generator are both directed towards the surface of the workpiece. The present application solves the problem of portable precision hole making for plate structures which have high hole making requirements and are prone to thermal deformation.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hole making tool equipment, in particular to a flexible modular hole making device and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the high-end equipment manufacturing industry such as aviation equipment, accurate hole making on the surface of a workpiece is a key process to ensure the assembly precision of each structural part of the equipment. In particular, for complex structural parts such as aircraft fuselages, wings and the like having curved or irregular surfaces, it is difficult to make holes and improve hole making quality, which has a certain impact on the quality and safety of the entire equipment.

[0003] Nowadays, in order to ensure the hole making precision, fixed hole making equipment is generally used for hole making machining. However, these devices are generally bulky, have high manufacturing costs, and require more related equipment to coordinate. In some special parts to be drilled, these hole making equipment cannot achieve hole making work, and small hole making fixtures are still needed for manual hole making work.

[0004] In the present fixture, not only the precision requirements of the connecting holes of each workpiece surface need to be ensured, but also the hole making position and space environment of each structural part of the aviation equipment need to be considered. In addition, in order to maintain the lightweight of some equipment, the structural parts are mostly irregular, curved and thin plates. When they are drilled, the heat generated by conventional drilling can easily cause thermal deformation of some thin plate structures. This can cause the hole position when the hole is drilled to be inconsistent with the hole position after the hole is drilled. In addition, if the deformation amplitude is too large during drilling, it will also affect the hole processing, so the hole precision is also reduced accordingly, and therefore it is difficult to produce hole workpieces with high precision. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to provide a flexible modular hole making device and method, which solves the problem of portable precision hole making for plate structures that require high hole making and are prone to thermal deformation.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application adopts the following solutions:

[0007] A flexible modular hole making device, comprising a flexible framework, the flexible framework is connected with a hard steel plate through a hard steel base, a plurality of detachable side flexible support structures are arranged on the flexible framework, and at least two vacuum adsorption structures are symmetrically arranged on the hard steel plate.

[0008] Preferably, a planar displacement driving structure is installed on the hard steel plate, a multidirectional adjustment structure is installed on the displacement end of the planar displacement driving structure, and a hole making structure is installed on the multidirectional adjustment structure.

[0009] Preferably, the flexible skeleton comprises flexible plates and mounting screw holes, the flexible plates are annular plate structures, and a plurality of screw holes are uniformly and through the annular plate structures.

[0010] Preferably, the vacuum adsorption structure comprises a vacuum chuck, when the vacuum chuck is attached to and adsorbed on the workpiece surface, the flexible plate abuts and presses the workpiece surface.

[0011] Preferably, the hole forming structure comprises a drilling driving member and a pulsed laser generator, the drilling driving member is connected with a drill bit at a driving end, and the drill bit and the pulsed laser generator are both directed towards the workpiece surface.

[0012] Preferably, the planar displacement driving structure comprises a sliding rail.

[0013] Preferably, the sliding rail is fixedly arranged on the hard steel plate, a slot frame is mounted on a sliding block of the sliding rail, the sliding direction of the slot frame through the sliding rail is the X-axis direction, the slot frame is connected with a lead screw through thread matching, and the lead screw is coaxially connected with a driving end of an X-axis motor.

[0014] Preferably, a Y-axis motor is fixedly mounted on the slot frame, a lead screw is coaxially connected with a driving end of the Y-axis motor, the lead screw is connected with a sliding groove block through thread matching, the sliding groove block is slidingly arranged on the slot frame, and the sliding direction is the Y-axis direction.

[0015] Preferably, the multi-directional adjusting structure comprises a spherical sleeve and a driving shaft.

[0016] Preferably, the spherical sleeve is fixed on the driving shaft, the driving shaft is coaxially connected with a driving end of a direction adjusting motor, the axis of the driving shaft passes through the center of the spherical sleeve, the driving shaft passes through the sliding groove block, and the direction adjusting motor is slidingly arranged on the slot frame.

[0017] Preferably, a ball is rotatably nested in the spherical sleeve, the ball is fixedly connected with a corresponding driving end of the direction adjusting motor, the driving end axis of the direction adjusting motor passes through the center of the ball, and the direction adjusting motor is fixed on the circular sleeve.

[0018] Preferably, the direction adjusting motor connected with the spherical sleeve and the direction adjusting motor connected with the ball are perpendicular to each other in the passing direction.

[0019] Preferably, the side surface flexible support structure comprises an air bag and a positioning tip.

[0020] Preferably, the air bag is mounted on the flexible plate, a plurality of positioning tips are fixedly mounted on the outermost surface of the air bag, an inflation valve port is arranged on the air bag, and the positioning tips abut the workpiece surface.

[0021] Preferably, the flexible plate is a polyurethane plate.

[0022] Preferably, a flexible modular hole making method is performed by the flexible modular hole making device, and the hole making steps are as follows:

[0023] Step 1, place the vacuum chuck on the workpiece surface, vacuum adsorb and fix the hard steel plate, and abut the flexible plate surface against the workpiece surface.

[0024] Step 2, the planar displacement driving structure drives the hole making structure to be displaced in the plane to above the hole position of the workpiece surface.

[0025] Step 3, the emitting end of the pulse laser generator is aligned with the hole position, and two pulse lasers are emitted to the hole position in sequence to pre-hole the hole position.

[0026] Step 4, the planar displacement driving structure drives the pulse laser generator to retreat, and drives the drill bit of the drilling driving member to be aligned with the hole position to drill the hole position.

[0027] Step 5, the drilling driving member retreats, and after the local temperature of the workpiece surface rises stably, the vacuum chuck is depressurized, the flexible plate surface is separated from the workpiece surface, and the hole making is completed.

[0028] Preferably, in step 1, when the workpiece surface to be drilled is not completely in contact with the adsorption surface of the vacuum chuck, the flexible plate surface is fixed by the side flexible support structure and the special-shaped surface of the workpiece.

[0029] Preferably, in step 2, when the workpiece surface to be drilled is not perpendicular to the drilling direction of the drill bit, the hole making structure will make the drilling direction relatively perpendicular to the workpiece surface through the multidirectional adjusting structure.

[0030] Preferably, in step 3, the first pulse laser forms a compressive stress ring at the hole position of the workpiece surface.

[0031] Preferably, the second pulse laser softens the hole position of the workpiece surface.

[0032] The technical scheme of the present application has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0033] In order to solve the hole making work for the plate structure prone to thermal deformation, the present application sets a lower flexible skeleton for extruding the workpiece surface, an upper hard steel plate not prone to deformation, and a hole making structure and a vacuum adsorption structure on the hard steel plate, uses the vacuum adsorption structure to fix and position, and applies force to the flexible skeleton, and also maintains the stability of drilling through the rigid hard steel plate. In hole making, the flexible skeleton that always extrudes the workpiece surface can inhibit the thermal deformation of the workpiece surface to a certain extent, reduce the occurrence of hole position deflection caused by thermal deformation of the workpiece, and maintain the accuracy during hole making.

[0034] In order to solve the problem of low drilling quality caused by the structure vibration of traditional mechanical drilling plate, the application is characterized by the following: the drilling driving part and the pulse laser are used to drill holes together, the pre-hole is formed by twice pulse laser, the hole position stress ring is formed once, the drill bit drills the hole, the workpiece is impacted once, the hole position is softened by heating, the drill bit cuts the hole, so that the precision hole without burr and hole crack can be formed quickly while the safety of hole making is maintained, thereby ensuring the quality of hole making. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the first angle of the application.

[0036] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the second angle of the application.

[0037] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the third angle of the application.

[0038] Figure 4 It is a sectional structural schematic diagram of the multidirectional adjusting structure in the application.

[0039] Figure 5 It is a sectional structural schematic diagram of the application.

[0040] Figure 6 It is a sectional structural schematic diagram of the application. Figure 3 It is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of A.

[0041] Figure 7 It is a top view structural schematic diagram of the application.

[0042] In the figure: 1-flexible framework, 11-flexible plate surface, 12-mounting screw hole, 2-hard steel base, 3-hard steel plate, 4-vacuum adsorption structure, 41-vacuum chuck, 42-mounting plate one, 5-plane displacement driving structure, 51-slideway, 52-X-axis motor, 53-screw rod, 54-Y-axis motor, 55-slideway block, 6-slot frame, 7-side flexible support structure, 71-mounting plate two, 72-air bag, 73-positioning tip, 8-multidirectional adjusting structure, 81-spherical sleeve, 82-driving shaft, 83-adjusting motor, 84-sphere, 9-hole making structure, 91-mounting plate three, 92-drilling driving part, 93-pulse laser generator, 94-drill bit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all the embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the application.

[0044] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters refer to like items in the accompanying drawings, and once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings. If the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer" and the like refer to the orientation or position shown in the drawings, or that which normally occurs during use or operation of the products of the application, these terms are used herein for convenience and in the context of describing particular applications of the application, and do not imply or create any specific orientation or position of the apparatus or elements thereof, and therefore should not be taken as limiting the application. It should also be noted that the terms "disposed", "mounted", "connected" and the like should be construed broadly, for example, as being either directly or indirectly mounted or connected, as being fixedly or non-fixedly mounted or connected, as being mechanically or electrically mounted or connected, and as being directly or indirectly connected, unless specifically stated otherwise and as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.

[0045] Embodiment

[0046] Please refer to Figures 1-7 The application provides a flexible modular hole making device, which can modularize and mobilize hole making work. The flexible modular hole making device comprises a flexible framework 1, a hard steel base 2 and a hard steel plate 3. The hard steel base 2 is connected to the hard steel plate 3. A vacuum adsorption structure 4 is arranged on the hard steel plate 3. The hard steel plate 3 can be fixed on the surface of a workpiece to be drilled by the vacuum adsorption structure 4. When the hard steel plate 3 is fixed, the flexible framework 1 can press the surface of the workpiece to provide a certain pressing effect. A hole making structure 9 is arranged on the hard steel plate 3. When the hole making structure 9 makes holes, the flexible framework 1 can absorb part of the vibration energy in the drilling process and reduce the thermal deformation of the workpiece caused by heat generated during drilling by using the pressing effect, so as to maintain the drilling precision.

[0047] Because the device needs to be installed on the workpiece to make holes, and part of the surface of the workpiece has a curved surface or an angle surface, the hole making position and angle have certain requirements. Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, a planar displacement driving structure 5 is arranged on the hard steel plate 3. A multidirectional adjusting structure 8 is arranged on the displacement end of the planar displacement driving structure 5. The hole making structure 9 is arranged on the multidirectional adjusting structure 8. The hole making structure 9 can be adjusted in position in the plane and in angle for making holes on different angle surfaces of the workpiece.

[0048] In addition, there are some workpieces with special-shaped structure (such as the surface with groove or convex part), so that the vacuum adsorption structure 4 is not stable when adsorbing different positions due to inconsistent adsorption pressure. In order to solve the above problems, the flexible skeleton 1 is provided as a hollow ring structure. The flexible skeleton 1 is provided with a plurality of side flexible support structures 7 on the outer ring side and the inner ring side, which can be flexibly profiled against the special-shaped surface of the workpiece from the side to further provide stable support.

[0049] The flexible skeleton 1 includes a flexible plate 11 and a mounting screw hole 12. The flexible plate 11 is flexible and has a certain deformation. The flexible plate 11 is a ring plate, and a plurality of screw holes are uniformly and penetratingly provided on the ring plate. The ring plate structure and the plurality of screw holes can increase the deformation stress release port on the flexible plate 11, and further increase the bendability of the flexible plate 11.

[0050] It is worth noting that in the embodiment, the flexible plate 11 not only needs to be flexibly attached to different surfaces of the workpiece, but also needs to apply a certain contact pressure to the entire surface of the workpiece while being flexibly attached, so as to suppress the deformation of the workpiece during hole making. Therefore, the entire flexible plate 11 also needs a certain hardness to reduce its deformation elasticity. Therefore, the flexible plate 11 is preferably made of polyurethane plate. The polyurethane plate has moderate softness, small deformation, and a temperature resistance range of -30℃~120℃ (covering the temperature range of the aviation standard hole making), and can also isolate a certain temperature, so that the heat generated during hole making is not easily conducted to the various electric control devices on the hard steel plate 3, causing device failure.

[0051] Further, the vacuum adsorption structure 4 includes a vacuum chuck 41 and a mounting plate 42. The vacuum chuck 41 is threadedly connected to the mounting plate 42, and the mounting plate 42 is fixed to the hard steel plate 3. There are at least two symmetrically arranged vacuum adsorption structures 4 on the hard steel plate 3. The symmetrically arranged vacuum adsorption structures 4 can stably fix the hard steel plate 3 on the workpiece and are not easy to be inclined.

[0052] Preferably, the vacuum chuck 41 is a high-temperature-resistant chuck (such as a metal chuck). The vacuum chuck 41 is connected to an external vacuum pump through an air pipe. When the device needs to be fixed, the worker attaches the vacuum chuck 41 to the surface of the workpiece, starts the vacuum pump, and the vacuum chuck 41 is adsorbed by negative pressure to fix the hard steel plate 3 on the workpiece. At this time, the force generated by the vacuum adsorption acts on the flexible plate 11 below, so that the flexible plate 11 extrudes the surface of the workpiece, maintains the flexible attachment of the flexible plate 11 and the surface of the workpiece, and provides a pre-pressure for the surface of the workpiece.

[0053] Further, the side flexible support structure 7 comprises a mounting plate two 71, an air bag 72, and a positioning tip 73. The mounting plate two 71 is screwed into the mounting screw hole 12 on the flexible plate surface 11, facilitating quick disassembly and assembly. The air bag 72 is fixedly installed on the mounting plate two 71. The outermost surface of the air bag 72 is fixedly installed with a plurality of positioning tips 73. The air bag 72 is provided with an inflation valve (which can be referred to as the inflation port on the bicycle tire), facilitating the connection with an external air pump for inflation and deflation work.

[0054] Preferably, when the workpiece surface has a stepped structure (with grooves or protrusions), the vacuum cups 41 arranged at different positions on the hard steel plate 3 may be in contact with the workpiece surface of different heights, causing some vacuum cups 41 to be unable to be adsorbed and fixed, and easily causing the hard steel plate 3 to be deflected. At this time, the air pump is started to inflate the air bag 72 to expand, so that the air bag 72 gradually contacts the side surface of the stepped structure of the workpiece. Then, the plurality of positioning tips 73 on the outside of the air bag 72 will be in contact with the profiled surface of the stepped structure. The positioning tips 73 prevent the air bag 72 from directly contacting the surface of the workpiece, reducing the risk of the air bag 72 being broken due to contact with the high-temperature position of the workpiece hole. The positioning tips 73 are arranged in a heat-resistant structure.

[0055] Preferably, the side flexible support structure 7 can be installed at the plurality of mounting screw holes 12 on the flexible plate surface 11 through the mounting plate two 71, so that the staff can adjust the installation position of the side support structure according to the actual installation situation to fix the workpiece from the side. After the annular plate structure of the flexible plate surface 11 is matched with the side support structure, the entire device can be applied to different stepped structures of the workpiece. For example, when the surface of the workpiece is a groove, the air bag 72 is arranged on the outer ring side of the flexible plate surface 11. When the surface of the workpiece is a protrusion, the air bag 72 is arranged on the inner ring side of the flexible plate surface 11.

[0056] Further, the planar displacement driving structure 5 comprises a sliding rail 51, an X-axis motor 52, a lead screw 53, a Y-axis motor 54, and a sliding groove block 55.

[0057] Specifically, the sliding rail 51 is fixedly arranged on the plate surface of the hard steel plate 3. The sliding block of the sliding rail 51 is fixedly installed with the groove frame 6. The sliding direction of the groove frame 6 through the sliding rail 51 is the X-axis direction. The groove frame 6 is provided with the lead screw 53. The groove frame 6 and the lead screw 53 are connected through thread matching. The lead screw 53 is coaxially connected with the driving end of the X-axis motor 52. The X-axis motor 52 drives the lead screw 53 to rotate, thereby driving the groove frame 6 on the lead screw 53 to displace in the X-axis direction.

[0058] The Y-axis motor 54 is fixedly installed on the groove frame 6, the driving shaft 82 of the Y-axis motor 54 is coaxially connected with the lead screw 53, the lead screw 53 is provided through the sliding groove block 55, the sliding groove block 55 is slidingly arranged on the groove frame 6 and the sliding direction is the Y-axis direction, and the lead screw 53 is used for sliding groove block 55 through thread matching connection, when the Y-axis motor 54 drives the corresponding lead screw 53 to rotate, the sliding groove block 55 is driven to displace in the Y-axis direction.

[0059] It is worth noting that the hole making structure 9 is installed on the sliding groove block 55, so that the hole making structure 9 can be electrically controlled to adjust the plane position during hole making through the plane displacement driving structure 5, and multi-position hole making can be performed.

[0060] Further, the multi-direction adjusting structure 8 includes a spherical sleeve 81, a driving shaft 82, a direction adjusting motor 83 and a ball 84.

[0061] Specifically, the spherical sleeve 81 is fixed on the driving shaft 82, the driving shaft 82 is coaxially fixedly connected with the driving end of the direction adjusting motor 83, and the axis of the driving shaft 82 penetrates the center of the spherical sleeve 81, the driving shaft 82 penetrates the sliding groove block 55, so that the spherical sleeve 81 displaces with the sliding groove block 55, and the direction adjusting motor 83 is slidingly arranged on the groove frame 6, when the direction adjusting motor 83 drives the driving shaft 82 to rotate, the spherical sleeve 81 can be swung at an angle.

[0062] In addition, the ball 84 is also rotatably nested in the spherical sleeve 81, so that the ball 84 can be rotated in multiple directions, the ball 84 is also fixedly connected with the driving end of the corresponding direction adjusting motor 83, the driving end is provided through and the driving end axis penetrates the center of the ball 84, and the direction adjusting motor 83 is fixed on the circular sleeve, when the direction adjusting motor 83 is started, the corresponding ball 84 can be driven to rotate, and the angle of the hole making structure 9 thereon can be adjusted.

[0063] It is worth noting that the direction adjusting motor 83 connected with the spherical sleeve 81 and the direction adjusting motor 83 connected with the ball 84 are perpendicular to each other in the penetrating direction, so that the rotating directions of the two can be adjusted at an angle in four different directions, for matching more workpieces with different angle surfaces.

[0064] Further, the hole making structure 9 includes a mounting plate three 91, a drilling driving part 92, a pulse laser generator 93 and a drill bit 94.

[0065] Specifically, the mounting plate three 91 is fixed on the ball 84, the drilling driving part 92 and the pulse laser generator 93 are respectively fixedly installed on the mounting plate, the ball 84 has a through hole passing through the center thereof, the drill bit 94 fixedly connected with the driving end of the drilling driving part 92 penetrates the through hole of the ball 84, and the drill bit 94 and the emission end of the pulse laser generator 93 are both directed to the workpiece hole making surface, so that after the angle rotation of the ball 84 and the spherical sleeve 81, the workpiece can still be hole made.

[0066] It is worth mentioning that the drilling driving part 92 includes displacement driving part and rotating part for providing rotating cutting force and feeding displacement for the drill bit 94 to realize drilling work, and the drilling driving part 92 is a common structure device in the existing drilling technology, so it is not described in detail in the embodiment.

[0067] It is worth mentioning that because of the volume influence of the related equipment of the drill bit 94 and the pulse laser generator 93, the drilling position and the laser emission position have a certain interval, so in the actual hole making process, after the pulse laser generator 93 is used for pre-breaking hole processing, the planar displacement adjustment is needed through the planar displacement driving structure 5, the drilling position of the drill bit 94 is overlapped with the laser pre-breaking hole position, and then the drilling work is carried out.

[0068] In the traditional hole making process, the thermal expansion of different workpiece materials is different, and the stress accumulation in the hole during mechanical drilling is easy to cause the drill bit 94 to vibrate or the hole thermal deformation to deviate during drilling, so that the drill bit 94 does not correspond to the hole, cracks are generated in the hole, or burrs appear at the hole mouth, and the hole making quality and precision are reduced.

[0069] In the prior art, in order to solve the above problems, the laser hole making is usually used to replace the mechanical drilling, the laser hole making is not affected by mechanical vibration and high temperature stress, and the precision during hole making can be maintained, but in the actual machining scene, especially in the machining environment of the aviation equipment related workpiece, the laser direct hole making generally generates sparks and smoke, and the sparks are inevitably scattered everywhere, which is easy to cause safety accidents, especially in the hole making work on the already installed and formed equipment, therefore, in the embodiment, it is difficult to directly use the laser hole making to replace the mechanical drilling.

[0070] In order to solve the above problems, in the embodiment, the hole making structure 9 is preferably provided as a combined structure of the drilling driving part 92 and the pulse laser generator 93.

[0071] Preferably, when the hole making work is carried out, the pulse laser generator 93 emits pulse laser to the hole making position of the workpiece surface, the controllable micro plastic deformation is induced in the hole circumference by the initial pulse laser, the residual compressive stress ring is formed, so that when the drill bit 94 drills the hole position, the hole can be quickly drilled through the compressive stress ring, the resistance is reduced, and the crack initiation and outlet burr in the subsequent hole making process are reduced.

[0072] Preferably, after the initial pulse laser ends, a secondary pulse laser is emitted to gradually increase the temperature around the hole, thereby reducing the yield strength of the workpiece material and causing it to soften, which reduces the cutting force required when the drill bit 94 drills into the workpiece, making the drilling process smoother and reducing the roughness and cracking of the hole caused by misalignment.

[0073] The two pulse lasers emitted by the pulse laser generator 93 do not penetrate the workpiece surface, and the laser action time is very short, so there is no spark, and the pulse laser is used to assist mechanical drilling to form the hole.

[0074] After the two pulse lasers end, the drill driving member 92 enters above the hole position, drives the drill bit 94 to rotate and gradually approach the hole position on the workpiece surface, and starts the mechanical drilling work to complete the hole forming.

[0075] Further, the method for forming holes on the workpiece surface by the flexible modular hole forming device is as follows:

[0076] Step 1, place the vacuum chuck 41 on the workpiece surface, vacuum adsorb and fix the hard steel plate 3, and the flexible plate surface 11 directly abuts and presses the workpiece surface;

[0077] Step 2, the planar displacement driving structure 5 drives the hole forming structure 9 to be displaced to above the hole position;

[0078] Step 3, the emission end of the pulse laser generator 93 is aligned with the hole position, and two pulse lasers are emitted to the hole position in sequence to preform the hole;

[0079] Step 4, the planar displacement driving structure 5 drives the pulse laser generator 93 to retreat, and drives the drill bit 94 of the drill driving member 92 to be aligned with the hole position to drill the hole.

[0080] Step 5, the drill driving member 92 retreats, and after the local temperature of the workpiece surface stabilizes, the vacuum chuck 41 is depressurized, the flexible plate surface 11 is separated from the workpiece surface, and the hole forming is completed.

[0081] It is worth mentioning that in steps 3 and 4, high temperature is generated at the hole position, and the thermal deformation of part of the metal plate is small, and the surface deformation thereof at high temperature can be almost ignored, but the thermal deformation of part of the metal or non-metal plate is large, and the surface deformation thereof at high temperature is even visible to the naked eye (such as aluminum alloy skin, carbon fiber plate, etc.), so it is difficult to improve the precision during the hole making, therefore, during the whole hole making process, the surface of the workpiece is extruded by the flexible plate 11, the slightly elastic plate structure of the flexible plate 11 (polyurethane plate) is flexibly attached to the surface of the workpiece, and at the same time, the plate pressure of the whole flexible plate 11 is utilized to reduce the surface deformation expansion of the workpiece caused by thermal deformation, until the temperature of the hole making position is stable and the surface of the workpiece is no longer deformed, the flexible plate 11 is removed, so as to maintain the position precision of the hole making.

[0082] So far, the embodiments of the present application have been described in detail. In order to avoid obscuring the concept of the present application, some details known in the art are not described. Those skilled in the art can fully understand how to implement the technical solutions of the present application according to the above description, and the scope of the present application is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A flexible modular hole making apparatus, characterized by, Including flexible skeleton (1), the flexible skeleton (1) is connected by hard steel seat (2) hard steel plate (3), a plurality of detachable side flexible support structure (7) are provided on the flexible skeleton (1), at least two vacuum adsorption structures (4) are provided on the hard steel plate (3) symmetry; Plane displacement drive structure (5) is installed on the hard steel plate (3), the displacement end of plane displacement drive structure (5) is installed with multidirectional adjustment structure (8), multidirectional adjustment structure (8) is installed with hole making structure (9); The flexible skeleton (1) includes a flexible plate (11) and a mounting screw hole (12), the flexible plate (11) is an annular plate structure, and a plurality of screw holes are uniformly and through on the annular plate structure; The vacuum adsorption structure (4) includes a vacuum chuck (41), when the vacuum chuck (41) is attached and adsorbed with the workpiece surface, the flexible plate (11) abuts and extrudes the workpiece surface; The hole making structure (9) includes a drilling driving member (92) and a pulse laser generator (93), the drilling driving member (92) is connected with a drill bit (94) at the driving end, and the drill bit (94) and the emission end of the pulse laser generator (93) are both directed to the workpiece surface; When the emission end of the pulse laser generator (93) is positioned above and below the hole position of the workpiece surface, the pulse laser generator (93) emits first and second pulse lasers to the hole position in sequence; The first pulse laser forms a compressive stress ring at the hole position of the workpiece surface; The second pulse laser softens the hole position of the workpiece surface by heating; The two pulse lasers do not penetrate the workpiece plate surface; The side flexible support structure (7) includes an air bag (72) and a positioning tip (73); The air bag (72) is installed on the flexible plate (11), a plurality of positioning tips (73) are fixedly installed on the outermost surface of the air bag (72), an air inlet valve is arranged on the air bag (72), and the positioning tips (73) abut against the workpiece surface.

2. The flexible modular hole making apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The plane displacement drive structure (5) includes a sliding rail (51); The hard steel plate (3) is fixedly provided with a sliding rail (51), a groove frame (6) is installed on the sliding block of the sliding rail (51), the sliding direction of the groove frame (6) through the sliding rail (51) is the X-axis direction, the groove frame (6) is connected with a lead screw (53) through thread matching, and the driving end of the X-axis motor (52) is coaxially connected with the lead screw (53); A Y-axis motor (54) is fixedly installed on the groove frame (6), the driving end of the Y-axis motor (54) is coaxially connected with a lead screw (53), the lead screw (53) is connected with a sliding groove block (55) through thread matching, the sliding groove block (55) is slidingly arranged on the groove frame (6), and the sliding direction is the Y-axis direction.

3. The flexible modular hole making apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The multidirectional adjustment structure (8) includes a spherical sleeve (81), a driving shaft (82) and a direction adjusting motor (83), the direction adjusting motor (83) includes a first direction adjusting motor; The spherical sleeve (81) is fixed on the driving shaft (82), the driving shaft (82) is coaxially connected with the driving end of the first steering motor, and the axis of the driving shaft (82) passes through the center of the spherical sleeve (81), the driving shaft (82) passes through the sliding block (55), and the first steering motor is slidingly arranged on the groove frame (6).

4. The flexible modular hole making apparatus of claim 3, wherein, The steering motor (83) further comprises a second steering motor, the spherical sleeve (81) is rotatably nested with a spherical body (84), the spherical body (84) is fixedly connected with the driving end of the corresponding second steering motor, the driving end axis of the second steering motor passes through the center of the spherical body (84), and the second steering motor is fixed on the circular sleeve. The penetrating directions of the first steering motor connected with the spherical sleeve (81) and the second steering motor connected with the spherical body (84) are perpendicular.

5. The flexible modular hole making apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The flexible plate surface (11) is made of polyurethane plate.

6. A flexible modular hole making method, by the flexible modular hole making apparatus of claim 1, characterized by, The hole making steps are as follows: Step 1, the vacuum chuck (41) is placed on the workpiece surface, the hard steel plate (3) is fixed by vacuum adsorption, and the flexible plate surface (11) abuts against and extrudes the workpiece surface; Step 2, the planar displacement driving structure (5) drives the hole making structure (9) to be planarly displaced above the hole position on the workpiece surface; Step 3, the emitting end of the pulse laser generator (93) is aligned with the hole position up and down, first pulse laser and second pulse laser are emitted to the hole position in sequence, and the hole position is pre-formed; Step 4, the planar displacement driving structure (5) drives the pulse laser generator (93) to retreat, drives the drill bit (94) of the drilling driving member (92) to be aligned with the hole position up and down, and drills the hole position; Step 5, the drilling driving member (92) retreats, after the local temperature of the workpiece surface rises stably, the vacuum chuck (41) is depressurized, the flexible plate surface (11) is separated from the workpiece surface, and the hole making is completed.

7. A method of flexible modular hole making according to claim 6 wherein, In step 1, When the workpiece surface to be made into a hole does not completely contact the adsorption surface of the vacuum chuck (41), the flexible plate surface (11) is fixed by profiling the special-shaped surface of the workpiece through the side flexible supporting structure (7).

8. The method of claim 6, wherein, In step 2, When the workpiece surface to be made into a hole is not perpendicular to the drilling direction of the drill bit (94), the hole making structure (9) makes the drilling direction relatively perpendicular to the workpiece surface through the multidirectional adjusting structure (8).

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