Motor home high-voltage battery management system, motor home high-voltage battery pack and motor home

Abstract

The invention discloses a motor home high-voltage battery management system, and the system comprises a high-voltage battery pack module which is provided with a high-voltage battery pack used for storing energy, a PDU used for high-voltage power distribution, and a BMS slave used for detecting the high-voltage battery pack; the multi-source energy supply module is provided with a photovoltaic power supply assembly and a direct current quick charge interface; the living power conversion module is provided with a high-voltage inverter and a high-voltage DC-DC converter which are electrically connected with the PDU; and a BMS host. The BMS host can control the direct current fast charging interface to charge the high-voltage battery pack and control the photovoltaic charging controller to adjust the output electric energy of the photovoltaic power generation panel to charge the high-voltage battery pack. According to the invention, the design is novel, the electrical system is simple, the high-voltage battery of the motor home, especially the fuel motor home, can be mounted on the motor home, the rapid energy supplement requirement of power utilization of the motor home is met, the energy supplement in a driving or parking scene can be realized, the battery pack can be physically decomposed, the safety is extremely high, and the application prospect is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of RV energy storage technology, and in particular to an RV high-voltage battery management system, an RV high-voltage battery pack, and an RV. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing popularity of RV camping culture, users' demand for onboard electrical systems in RVs is growing (such as the use of high-power appliances like air conditioners, induction cookers, and water heaters). However, existing RV power supply systems mainly suffer from the following technical bottlenecks:

[0003] Low charging efficiency and severe energy anxiety: Traditional RV electrical systems mostly use a 12V or 48V low-voltage architecture. Limited by the voltage platform, it is difficult to increase its charging power. At present, RVs mainly rely on slow charging from the mains (220V AC) or trickle charging from the vehicle's alternator, and it often takes more than 10 hours to fully charge a large-capacity battery.

[0004] Low system integration and inconvenient energy utilization: The electrical systems of existing RVs are often pieced together from independent parts. Inverters, on-board chargers, photovoltaic controllers and other equipment are independent, which not only occupies valuable interior space and increases weight, but also lacks unified and efficient management of various energy interfaces.

[0005] Safety deficiencies in high-voltage applications: If high-voltage batteries are directly installed into RVs, the high center of gravity of most RVs makes the high-voltage wiring harness susceptible to compression and short circuits in the event of a collision or rollover. Current technology lacks a high-voltage safety disconnection mechanism for RVs. In the event of an accident, high-voltage electricity remaining in the battery pack can easily lead to secondary electric shocks or thermal runaway fires, posing a significant safety hazard.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a high-voltage battery installation and management system for RVs that integrates DC fast charging functionality, possesses an ultimate safety protection mechanism, can perform high-power external discharge, and can efficiently utilize multiple energy sources for replenishment. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies, such as slow charging of low-voltage energy storage batteries for motorhomes, complex electrical systems, poor safety of high-voltage batteries, limited energy replenishment methods, and inability to discharge at high power. The invention proposes a high-voltage battery management system for motorhomes, a high-voltage battery pack for motorhomes, and a motorhome.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0009] A high-voltage battery management system for RVs includes:

[0010] A high-voltage battery pack module, which includes a high-voltage battery pack for energy storage, a PDU for high-voltage power distribution, and a BMS slave for detecting the high-voltage battery pack.

[0011] The multi-source energy supply module includes a photovoltaic power supply component and a DC fast charging interface. The photovoltaic power supply component includes a photovoltaic power generation panel and a photovoltaic charging controller connected to it. The output terminal of the photovoltaic charging controller and the DC fast charging interface are both connected to the PDU.

[0012] A residential power conversion module includes a high-voltage inverter and a high-voltage DC-DC converter electrically connected to a PDU. The high-voltage inverter is used to supply power to the RV load, and the high-voltage DC-DC converter is used to supply power to low-voltage equipment.

[0013] The BMS host is connected or communicates with the high-voltage battery pack, the BMS slave, the photovoltaic charging controller, the DC fast charging interface, the high-voltage inverter, and the high-voltage DC-DC converter.

[0014] The BMS host can control the DC fast charging interface to charge the high-voltage battery pack, and control the photovoltaic charging controller to adjust the output power of the photovoltaic power generation panel to charge the high-voltage battery pack.

[0015] Preferably, the photovoltaic panels are connected in a high-voltage series structure, and the output voltage after series connection is higher than or equal to the rated voltage of the high-voltage battery pack. The photovoltaic charging controller is a step-down voltage regulator.

[0016] Preferably, the photovoltaic charging controller is an MPPT boost controller, used to boost the lower voltage output by the photovoltaic panel to a high voltage DC power that matches the high voltage battery pack.

[0017] Preferably, the household power conversion module is further provided with an external discharge interface and a mains input interface connected to the AC terminal of the high-voltage inverter. The BMS host can control the high-voltage inverter to output AC power to the external discharge interface in inverter mode, and to convert the AC power connected to the mains input interface into high-voltage DC power and send it to the PDU for charging in rectification mode.

[0018] Preferably, the multi-source energy supply module is further provided with a DC-DC boost converter electrically connected to the PDU, which is used to boost the excess power generated by the RV generator to replenish the high-voltage battery pack.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes an independent power supply protection module and an emergency signal acquisition module. The independent power supply protection module includes a low-voltage backup battery and a low-voltage charge and discharge controller. The input terminal of the low-voltage charge and discharge controller is connected to the low-voltage output terminal of the high-voltage DC-DC converter, and the output terminal provides independent operating power to the BMS host. The emergency signal acquisition module is used to collect collision signals of the RV or trigger signals of the manual emergency trigger switch and transmit them to the BMS host.

[0020] A high-voltage battery pack for RVs includes:

[0021] Protective housing;

[0022] The PDU, integrated within the protective housing, is used to collect and distribute high-voltage electrical energy.

[0023] A high-voltage battery pack is integrated and installed in the protective housing and electrically connected to the PDU. The high-voltage battery pack consists of several battery cells connected in series and a combination switch between adjacent battery cells.

[0024] A BMS slave device is installed on each of the battery cells to collect the status data of the battery cells;

[0025] The combination switch disconnects upon receiving an external disconnect command, thereby severing the electrical connection between adjacent battery cells and physically breaking down the high-voltage battery pack into multiple independent, safe low-voltage battery cells.

[0026] A motorhome, including the motorhome high-voltage battery management system described above.

[0027] A motorhome, comprising the aforementioned high-voltage battery pack for motorhomes.

[0028] A motorhome, wherein the motorhome is a pure fuel-powered motorhome, and the motorhome high-voltage battery management system or motorhome high-voltage battery pack operates independently of the motorhome chassis power system.

[0029] Alternatively, the RV may be a pure electric or hybrid RV, and the RV's high-voltage battery pack may be connected in parallel with the RV's power battery via the PDU.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0031] 1. This invention creatively introduces a high-voltage battery pack into the RV superstructure system to provide power for the RV's household appliances. By setting up a DC fast charging interface, the RV can directly use public DC fast charging stations for energy replenishment. Compared with traditional low-voltage energy storage batteries for RVs, this significantly shortens the charging time and improves the energy replenishment efficiency of the RV.

[0032] 2. In this invention, the high-voltage battery pack design enables high-voltage DC direct charging of multiple photovoltaic panels connected in series, simplifying the energy replenishment system. It can also use fewer photovoltaic panels or the RV's original generator for energy replenishment through a boost controller, enabling energy replenishment under various driving or parking conditions, making it convenient for RVs to be used in various environments lacking charging conditions.

[0033] 3. In this invention, the integrated design of the bidirectional high-voltage inverter realizes the reuse of inverter power supply, external discharge and mains power rectification charging functions, eliminating the traditional energy replenishment method of using an independent on-board charger for RVs, simplifying the electrical architecture, and giving RVs the ability to output high-power electrical energy as mobile energy storage power stations, such as in outdoor rescue scenarios.

[0034] 4. In this invention, through the design of a physically decomposable high-voltage battery pack, in emergency situations such as vehicle collisions, the emergency power provided to the BMS by independent safety protection power supply physically decomposes the high-voltage battery pack into multiple independent low-voltage safety battery units, thereby eliminating the risk of high-voltage electric shock and battery thermal runaway from the source and ensuring the safety of the high-voltage battery system.

[0035] This invention features a novel design and a simple electrical system, enabling the installation of high-voltage batteries in RVs, especially fuel-powered RVs. This meets the RV's need for rapid power replenishment and can also be used for power replenishment in driving or parking scenarios. Furthermore, the battery pack can be physically decomposed, providing extremely high safety and broad application prospects. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram: High-voltage battery module 1, high-voltage battery pack 11, unit cell 111, combination switch 112, BMS slave 13, BMS master 2, multi-source energy supply module 3, photovoltaic power generation panel 31, MPPT boost controller 311, DC fast charging interface 32, RV generator 33, DC-DC boost converter 331, domestic power conversion module 4, high-voltage inverter 41, RV load 411, external discharge interface 412, mains power input interface 413, high-voltage DC-DC converter 42, low-voltage equipment 421, emergency signal acquisition module 5, collision signal 51, emergency trigger switch 52, independent power supply protection module 6, low-voltage backup battery 61, low-voltage charge and discharge controller 62. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] Reference Figure 1 A high-voltage battery management system for RVs, comprising:

[0041] The high-voltage battery pack module 1 includes a high-voltage battery pack 11 for energy storage, a PDU 12 for high-voltage power distribution, and a BMS slave 13 for monitoring the high-voltage battery pack 11. The high-voltage battery pack module 1 can be installed in the chassis, interior cabinet, roof structure, or dedicated battery compartment of the RV. The high-voltage battery pack 11 can be a liquid battery, a semi-solid battery, or a solid battery. In this embodiment, the voltage of the high-voltage battery pack 11 is generally set to 300V–1000V. The BMS slave 13 is used to collect and monitor the operating status data of the high-voltage battery pack 11. The PDU 12 is the energy convergence hub of the high-voltage battery pack module 1, and it contains a high-voltage busbar, serving as the interaction center for the high-voltage direct current (HVDC) of the entire system.

[0042] The multi-source energy supply module 3 is used for external power input to replenish the high-voltage battery pack 11. It is equipped with a photovoltaic power supply component and a DC fast charging interface 32. The photovoltaic power supply component is equipped with a photovoltaic power generation panel 31 and a photovoltaic charging controller connected to it. The output terminal of the photovoltaic charging controller and the DC fast charging interface 32 are both connected to the PDU 12. The photovoltaic power generation panel 31 provides slow charging for the high-voltage battery pack 11 of the RV.

[0043] The household power conversion module 4 is used for the output and conversion of electrical energy from the high-voltage battery module 1. It includes a high-voltage inverter 41 and a high-voltage DC-DC converter 42 electrically connected to the PDU 12. The high-voltage inverter 41 is used to supply power to the RV load 411, converting the high-voltage electricity from the high-voltage battery module 1 into 220V low-voltage electricity. The high-voltage DC-DC converter is used to supply power to the low-voltage equipment 421, converting the high-voltage electricity from the high-voltage battery module 1 into 12V / 24V low-voltage electricity. The RV load 411 includes various household appliances and other 220V powered loads. The low-voltage equipment 421 includes lighting and water pumps powered by 12V / 24V.

[0044] BMS host 2 is connected or communicates with the high-voltage battery pack 11, BMS slave 13, photovoltaic charging controller, DC fast charging interface 32, high-voltage inverter 41 and high-voltage DC-DC converter 42.

[0045] The BMS host 2 can control the DC fast charging interface 32 to charge the high-voltage battery pack 11, and control the photovoltaic charging controller to adjust the output power of the photovoltaic power generation panel 31 to charge the high-voltage battery pack 11. The DC fast charging interface 32 is mainly for various new energy charging piles that comply with the national standard charging communication protocol. When the DC fast charging interface 32 is connected to an external charging pile, the BMS host 2 executes the national standard charging communication protocol, controls the PDU 12 to close the circuit, and realizes the rapid charging of the high-voltage battery pack 11 by the external high-voltage DC power, such as realizing 1C fast charging, which is currently impossible for low-voltage energy storage batteries in RVs.

[0046] Example 2

[0047] Reference Figure 1 Similar to Embodiment 1, the difference lies in that the photovoltaic panels 31 are connected in a high-voltage series structure, and the output voltage after series connection is higher than or equal to the rated voltage of the high-voltage battery pack 11. The photovoltaic charging controller is a step-down and voltage-regulating controller. Through the high-voltage series connection structure of the photovoltaic panels 31, their total output voltage is higher than the rated voltage of the high-voltage battery pack 11 (e.g., 400V / 600V / 800V), achieving high-voltage DC direct charging of the photovoltaic panels 31. Voltage stability is ensured by the step-down or voltage-regulating controller. This method is suitable for vehicles with large roof space or those equipped with foldable photovoltaic panels, allowing for the connection of multiple photovoltaic panels in series.

[0048] Alternatively, the photovoltaic charging controller is an MPPT boost controller 311, used to boost the lower voltage output from the photovoltaic panel 31 to a high-voltage DC power supply that matches the high-voltage battery pack 11. By using the MPPT boost controller 311 to perform a boost conversion on the lower photovoltaic panel voltage to achieve the charging voltage required by the high-voltage battery pack 11 (e.g., 400V / 600V / 800V), this solution is suitable for RVs with fewer photovoltaic panels.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] Reference Figure 1 The implementation is basically the same as in Embodiment 1, except that the domestic power conversion module 4 is further equipped with an external discharge interface 412 (V2L) and a mains input interface 413 (shore power) connected to the AC terminal of the high-voltage inverter 41. The BMS host 2 can control the high-voltage inverter 41 to output AC power to the external discharge interface 412 in inverter mode, and to convert the AC power connected to the mains input interface 413 into high-voltage DC power and supply it to the PDU12 for charging in rectification mode. The high-voltage inverter 41 selects a bidirectional inverter device, and the BMS host 2 controls it to switch between the following two modes:

[0051] Inverter mode: Converts high-voltage DC power into 220V AC power to supply the RV load 411 or discharge to the outside through interface 412.

[0052] Rectification mode: When the AC input interface 413 is connected to AC power, the AC power is rectified into high-voltage DC power and sent in reverse to PDU12 to charge the high-voltage battery pack 11, thus eliminating the need for a separate on-board charger (OBC).

[0053] In this embodiment, as Figure 1As shown, the multi-source energy supply module 3 also includes a DC-DC boost converter 331 electrically connected to the PDU12, used to boost the excess power generated by the RV generator 33 to replenish the high-voltage battery pack 11. This setup is for a scenario where the vehicle is charging while driving, utilizing the RV's existing generator to charge the high-voltage battery pack 11. The input of the DC-DC boost converter 331 is connected to the existing low-voltage (12V / 24V) RV generator 33 in the RV chassis, and the output is connected to the PDU12. During driving, the BMS host 2 controls the converter to boost the low-voltage electricity generated by the generator to the high-voltage platform, continuously replenishing the high-voltage battery pack 11.

[0054] Example 4

[0055] Reference Figure 1 Similar to Embodiment 1, but with the addition of an independent power supply backup module 6 and an emergency signal acquisition module 5. The independent power supply backup module 6 includes a low-voltage backup battery 61 and a low-voltage charge / discharge controller 62. The input of the low-voltage charge / discharge controller 62 is connected to the low-voltage output of the high-voltage DC-DC converter 42, and the output provides independent operating power to the BMS host 2. Power is drawn from the output of the high-voltage DC-DC converter 42 through the low-voltage charge / discharge controller 62 to charge the low-voltage backup battery 61, maintaining its charge level. In an emergency, when the main high-voltage circuit fails, the backup battery 61 takes over the power supply, providing an independent emergency power supply to the BMS host 2 and ensuring the BMS host 2's control capability over the battery management system.

[0056] The emergency signal acquisition module 5 is used to acquire the collision signal 51 of the RV or the trigger signal of the manual emergency trigger switch 52 and transmit it to the BMS host 2. The vehicle collision signal 51 comes from the airbag controller. The manual emergency trigger switch 52 can be set inside or outside the vehicle as needed. The signal output by the airbag controller or the manual emergency switch is transmitted to the BMS host 2 in a timely manner so that the BMS host 2 can control the system to cut off the power.

[0057] Example 5

[0058] Reference Figure 1 A high-voltage battery pack for RVs, comprising:

[0059] Protective housing;

[0060] PDU12, integrated and installed inside the protective housing, is used to collect and distribute high-voltage electrical energy;

[0061] The high-voltage battery pack 11 is integrated and installed in the protective housing and electrically connected to the PDU 12. The high-voltage battery pack 11 consists of a number of battery cells 111 connected in series and a combination switch 112 arranged between adjacent battery cells 111.

[0062] BMS slave 13 is installed on each of the battery cells 111 and is used to collect the status data of the battery cells 111. Multiple BMS slaves 13 can be installed and arranged on each battery cell 111 respectively, and are used to collect data such as voltage and temperature of the corresponding battery cell 111. The BMS slave and the BMS master can communicate with each other through a wired bus or wireless radio frequency signal. The BMS slave can also integrate a wireless radio frequency transceiver unit. Correspondingly, the BMS master 2 integrates a wireless communication gateway. The two can communicate through a wireless network to ensure stable status monitoring of each battery cell.

[0063] The combination switch 112 disconnects upon receiving an external disconnect command, thereby severing the electrical connection between adjacent battery cells 111 and physically disintegrating the high-voltage battery pack 11 into multiple independent, safe low-voltage battery cells 111. The combination switch 112 can be a high-voltage contactor, a solid-state relay, or the like.

[0064] The specific decomposition method of the high-voltage battery pack 11 is as follows: When the high-voltage BMS host 2 receives the collision signal 51 or the trigger signal of the manual emergency trigger switch 52 as described in Embodiment 4, it relies on the power supply of the independent power supply protection module 6 to immediately send a disconnect command to the combination switch 112, which physically and instantaneously cuts off the original high-voltage battery pack 11 (e.g., 600V) and decomposes it into several independent battery units 111 at a safe voltage (e.g., 48V), thereby eliminating the risk of high-voltage electric shock and short circuit from the source.

[0065] Example 6

[0066] Reference Figure 1 A motorhome, including the motorhome high-voltage battery management system described above.

[0067] Example 7

[0068] Reference Figure 1 A motorhome, including the high-voltage battery pack for motorhomes described above.

[0069] Example 8

[0070] Reference Figure 1 A motorhome, wherein the motorhome is a pure fuel-powered motorhome, and the motorhome high-voltage battery management system or motorhome high-voltage battery pack operates independently of the motorhome chassis power system; the high-voltage battery management system or high-voltage battery pack operates independently of the chassis system and is specifically responsible for domestic electricity use, and can be powered by the motorhome generator 33 described in Embodiment 3.

[0071] Alternatively, the RV may be a pure electric or hybrid RV, with the RV's high-voltage battery pack connected in parallel to the RV's power battery via the PDU12. This allows the high-voltage battery pack and the RV's power battery to charge and discharge simultaneously, with the BMS host 2 managing the energy flow centrally. This enables interoperability between the high-voltage battery pack and the RV's power battery, expanding the driving range and power capacity for daily use.

[0072] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-voltage battery management system for RVs, characterized in that, include: A high-voltage battery pack module, which includes a high-voltage battery pack for energy storage, a PDU for high-voltage power distribution, and a BMS slave for detecting the high-voltage battery pack. The multi-source energy supply module includes a photovoltaic power supply component and a DC fast charging interface. The photovoltaic power supply component includes a photovoltaic power generation panel and a photovoltaic charging controller connected to it. The output terminal of the photovoltaic charging controller and the DC fast charging interface are both connected to the PDU. A residential power conversion module includes a high-voltage inverter and a high-voltage DC-DC converter electrically connected to a PDU. The high-voltage inverter is used to supply power to the RV load, and the high-voltage DC-DC converter is used to supply power to low-voltage equipment. The BMS host is connected or communicates with the high-voltage battery pack, the BMS slave, the photovoltaic charging controller, the DC fast charging interface, the high-voltage inverter, and the high-voltage DC-DC converter. The BMS host can control the DC fast charging interface to charge the high-voltage battery pack, and control the photovoltaic charging controller to adjust the output power of the photovoltaic power generation panel to charge the high-voltage battery pack.

2. The RV high-voltage battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panels are connected in a high-voltage series structure, and the output voltage after series connection is higher than or equal to the rated voltage of the high-voltage battery pack. The photovoltaic charging controller is a step-down voltage regulator.

3. The RV high-voltage battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic charging controller is an MPPT boost controller, used to boost the lower voltage output by the photovoltaic panel to a high voltage DC power that matches the high voltage battery pack.

4. The RV high-voltage battery management system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The household power conversion module is also equipped with an external discharge interface and a mains input interface connected to the AC terminal of the high-voltage inverter. The BMS host can control the high-voltage inverter to output AC power to the external discharge interface in inverter mode, and to convert the AC power connected to the mains input interface into high-voltage DC power and send it to the PDU for charging in rectification mode.

5. A high-voltage battery management system for RVs according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-source energy supply module is also equipped with a DC-DC boost converter electrically connected to the PDU, which is used to boost the excess power generated by the RV generator to replenish the high-voltage battery pack.

6. A high-voltage battery management system for RVs according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an independent power supply protection module and an emergency signal acquisition module. The independent power supply protection module includes a low-voltage backup battery and a low-voltage charge and discharge controller. The input terminal of the low-voltage charge and discharge controller is connected to the low-voltage output terminal of the high-voltage DC-DC converter, and the output terminal provides independent operating power to the BMS host. The emergency signal acquisition module is used to collect collision signals of the RV or trigger signals of the manual emergency trigger switch and transmit them to the BMS host.

7. A high-voltage battery pack for RVs, characterized in that, include: Protective housing; The PDU, integrated within the protective housing, is used to collect and distribute high-voltage electrical energy. A high-voltage battery pack is integrated and installed in the protective housing and electrically connected to the PDU. The high-voltage battery pack consists of several battery cells connected in series and a combination switch between adjacent battery cells. A BMS slave device is installed on each of the battery cells to collect the status data of the battery cells; The combination switch disconnects upon receiving an external disconnect command, thereby severing the electrical connection between adjacent battery cells and physically breaking down the high-voltage battery pack into multiple independent, safe low-voltage battery cells.

8. A motorhome, characterized in that, Including the RV high-voltage battery management system as described in any one of claims 1-6.

9. A motorhome, characterized in that, Including the high-voltage battery pack for RVs as described in claim 7.

10. A motorhome according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The motorhome is a pure fuel-powered motorhome, and the motorhome high-voltage battery management system or motorhome high-voltage battery pack operates independently of the motorhome chassis power system. Alternatively, the RV may be a pure electric or hybrid RV, and the RV's high-voltage battery pack may be connected in parallel with the RV's power battery via the PDU.

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