Optimization method for vertical grounding body of tower grounding device based on multi-parameter coupling analysis

Abstract

The application discloses a tower grounding device vertical grounding body optimization method based on multi-parameter coupling analysis, comprising the following steps: determining the layout parameters of a horizontal grounding body according to field environment conditions, determining the layout parameters of a vertical grounding body on the basis, constructing a three-dimensional geometric model and a soil resistivity distribution model, solving the constructed model through finite element discretization, calculating a tower grounding resistance, introducing a resistance reduction rate into the layout parameters of the vertical grounding body of the tower grounding resistance to obtain a construction candidate scheme, carrying out a simulation experiment of the vertical grounding body based on the construction candidate scheme, obtaining a preliminary optimized grounding design scheme set, constructing a construction cost function, processing the set in the function, and screening out a scheme with the lowest construction cost cost. Through the multi-parameter coupling analysis and the multi-start gradient descent algorithm, the scientific optimization of the vertical grounding body is realized, and the design rationality and economy are significantly improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tower grounding device design, specifically to an optimization method for the vertical grounding body of a tower grounding device based on multi-parameter coupling analysis. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the design methods for pole grounding devices are mostly based on experience, especially in the layout of vertical grounding electrodes, which typically employs a simple strategy of equidistant placement, fixed length, and uniform quantity. Related technologies mainly rely on traditional manual calculations and recommended values ​​from specifications for design, with little consideration for system optimization based on specific site conditions such as soil structure, grounding performance targets, and construction conditions. However, these methods fail to quantitatively analyze overall system performance and construction economics, and do not fully consider the significant impact of uneven soil resistivity distribution on grounding resistance, leading to the following problems in actual engineering projects:

[0003] Parameter configuration lacks scientific basis: In complex or layered soil environments, the layout of grounding electrodes is difficult to accurately reflect the current diffusion characteristics, resulting in excessively high grounding resistance or redundant design.

[0004] The design method has poor adaptability: the existing method cannot flexibly adjust the ground layout strategy to adapt to actual working conditions such as rock strata and high resistivity.

[0005] Economic evaluation mechanism: Most methods do not introduce quantitative evaluation of construction costs or subsequent maintenance costs, which can easily lead to waste of resources or unreasonable deployment. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an optimization method for the vertical grounding electrode of a tower grounding device based on multi-parameter coupling analysis, aiming to solve the problems in the background technology.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for optimizing the vertical grounding electrode of a tower grounding device based on multi-parameter coupling analysis, comprising:

[0008] Step S1: Determine the layout parameters of the horizontal grounding electrode based on the site environmental conditions;

[0009] Step S2: Based on step S1, determine the layout parameters of the vertical grounding electrode. Based on the layout parameters of the horizontal grounding electrode and the vertical grounding electrode, construct a three-dimensional geometric model and a soil resistivity distribution model. Solve the three-dimensional geometric model and the soil resistivity distribution model through finite element discretization to obtain the tower grounding resistance.

[0010] Step S3: Introduce a resistance reduction rate into the layout parameters of the vertical grounding body of the tower grounding resistance. Calculate the new resistance reduction rate using a multi-starting point gradient descent algorithm. Process the new resistance reduction rate to obtain a local optimal solution. Construct a preliminary candidate scheme set from the local optimal solutions. Sort the preliminary candidate scheme set and select the construction candidate scheme from the sorted list.

[0011] Step S4: Based on the candidate construction schemes, conduct simulation experiments on the layout parameters of the vertical grounding electrode using simulation software to obtain a preliminary optimized set of grounding design schemes;

[0012] Step S5: Construct a construction cost function, substitute the preliminarily optimized set of grounding design schemes into the construction cost function for processing, and select the scheme with the lowest construction cost.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific process for obtaining the tower grounding resistance is as follows:

[0014] Based on the site environmental conditions, including soil resistivity parameters, the layout parameters of horizontal and vertical grounding electrodes are determined, resulting in the number, length, and spacing of horizontal and vertical grounding electrodes, as well as the soil resistivity parameters.

[0015] Based on the layout parameters of horizontal and vertical grounding electrodes, a three-dimensional geometric model and a soil resistivity distribution model are constructed. Then, based on the physical scene formed by the three-dimensional geometric model and the soil resistivity distribution model, a steady-state resistivity field equation is constructed. , Set the reference potential V=0; Electrical conductivity; It is a vector differential operator; Soil resistivity;

[0016] The steady-state resistive field equations were discretized using the finite element method. Solving for the potential field and current density field yields the tower grounding resistance.

[0017] Furthermore, the specific process for obtaining the new drag reduction ratio is as follows:

[0018] Introducing the resistance reduction ratio δ into the layout parameters of the vertical grounding electrode of the tower grounding resistance, it represents:

[0019] (1);

[0020] In the formula, δ is the drag reduction ratio; To determine the grounding resistance of the tower after adding a vertical grounding electrode; The tower grounding resistance when no vertical grounding electrode is added;

[0021] in, definition:

[0022] (2);

[0023] In the formula, The number of vertical grounding electrodes to be laid The degree of impact; For the length of the vertical grounding electrode The degree of impact; The spacing of the vertical grounding electrodes The degree of impact; For soil resistivity The degree of impact; For the layout parameters of horizontal grounding electrodes The degree of impact; , , These are the laying parameters for vertical grounding electrodes, namely the number, length, and spacing.

[0024] The laying quantity was determined using a multi-starting-point gradient descent algorithm. ,length ,spacing Optimize and generate randomly A combination of initial parameters;

[0025] Each combination of initial parameters corresponds to an initial point. The multi-starting-point gradient descent algorithm, based on the initial point, uses the numerical difference method to calculate the drag reduction ratio δ with respect to the number of laying lines. The partial derivatives represent:

[0026] (3);

[0027] In the formula, To reduce drag For the number of laying The partial derivatives; For the number of laying The increment;

[0028] Repeat the calculation steps of formula (3) to calculate the length. ,spacing The partial derivatives are and ; To reduce drag For length The partial derivatives; To reduce drag Spacing The partial derivatives;

[0029] right Updating parameters means:

[0030] (4);

[0031] In the formula, This is a new value for the number of installations; The old value for the quantity to be laid; The learning rate;

[0032] Similarly, repeat the calculation process of formula (4) to... and Update parameters to obtain and ; This is the new value for the length; This is the new value for the spacing;

[0033] based on , , The drag reduction ratio δ is recalculated to obtain a new drag reduction ratio. .

[0034] Furthermore, the specific process for selecting candidate construction schemes is as follows:

[0035] when When the change in the gradient descent algorithm is less than the set threshold or the maximum number of iterations is reached, the iterative path converges to a local minimum, which is the local optimum. and ; The optimal number of vertical grounding electrodes to be laid; The optimal length for a vertical grounding electrode; The optimal spacing for vertical grounding electrodes;

[0036] Integrate all local optima into a preliminary candidate solution set, The initial candidate solution set is sorted in descending order according to the criteria to obtain an ordered solution set, which contains solutions from 1 to... From the ordered set of solutions, select the best one. Schemes with values ​​higher than the preset electrical threshold will be selected as construction candidate schemes. This represents the total number of locally optimal solutions included in the initial candidate solution set.

[0037] Furthermore, the specific process for obtaining a preliminary optimized set of grounding design schemes is as follows:

[0038] Based on the candidate construction schemes, the design scheme for the layout parameters of the vertical grounding electrode is carried out using simulation software, specifically as follows:

[0039] Setting soil resistivity for The vertical grounding electrode is 10m long; based on this, the extension length L2 of the horizontal grounding electrode is set to 60m, and the measurement distance is divided into 2m conductor segments; the extension length L2 of the horizontal grounding electrode is divided into 30 segments, numbered 1 to 30. A rectangular frame structure horizontal grounding electrode L1 is set, which contains 10 conductor segments, numbered 31 to 40.

[0040] By adding two vertical grounding electrodes with a length of 10m and a diameter of 12mm and placing them at positions 16 and 31, the influence of the vertical grounding electrodes on the current distribution was analyzed, and the corresponding tower grounding resistance and resistance reduction rate data were obtained as the core benchmark group for the preliminary optimization of the grounding design scheme.

[0041] Based on the core benchmark group of the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme, simulation experiments were carried out on the number, length and soil resistivity of vertical grounding electrodes. Experimental schemes with adaptability and flexibility in terms of number, length and soil resistivity were obtained. Combined with the performance improvement requirements of grounding resistance and resistance reduction rate, the experimental schemes with adaptability and flexibility in terms of number, length and soil resistivity were screened to obtain a set of preliminary optimized grounding design schemes.

[0042] Furthermore, a construction cost function is constructed, which represents:

[0043] (5);

[0044] In the formula, The construction cost function; Indicates the length of the vertical grounding electrode; The laying depth of the vertical grounding electrode; k1 is the number of vertical grounding electrodes; The cost; k2 is and Construction cost; k3 is Fixed costs; k4 is The cost increases quadratically with depth; Λ represents the incremental cost of future maintenance.

[0045] Furthermore, the specific process for selecting the solution with the lowest construction cost is as follows:

[0046] The preliminary optimized grounding design scheme set includes the length of the vertical grounding electrode in the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme. The laying depth of the vertical grounding electrode in the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme The number of vertical grounding electrodes in the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme ;Will , , Substitute the solutions into the construction cost function to calculate the total construction cost set of the design schemes. Then, compare the total construction cost sets of the design schemes horizontally and select the scheme with the lowest construction cost.

[0047] An electronic device includes a processor, a memory, and a bus, wherein the processor and the memory are connected via the bus, wherein the memory is used to store a set of program code, and the processor is used to call the program code stored in the memory to execute an optimization method for vertical grounding bodies of tower grounding devices based on multi-parameter coupling analysis.

[0048] A non-volatile computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, the computer being able to execute a method for optimizing the vertical grounding electrode of a tower grounding device based on multi-parameter coupling analysis.

[0049] Compared with existing technologies, this invention has the following advantages: Through multi-parameter coupling analysis and a multi-starting-point gradient descent algorithm, this invention achieves scientific optimization of vertical grounding electrodes, significantly improving design rationality and economy. By accurately obtaining the potential field and current density field through finite element discretization, it comprehensively considers the coupling effects of soil resistivity, the number, length, and spacing of vertical grounding electrodes, avoiding getting trapped in local optima and ensuring maximum resistance reduction. Simultaneously, it constructs a construction cost function to quantitatively evaluate construction and maintenance costs, achieving comprehensive optimization of electrical performance and economy, enhancing the adaptability and flexibility of the design scheme under complex geological conditions, and providing efficient and reliable optimization decision support for tower grounding projects. Attached Figure Description

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the method steps of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 2 The extension length of the horizontal grounding electrode and the schematic diagram of the numbering of the horizontal grounding electrode with a rectangular frame structure according to the present invention.

[0052] Figure 3 A schematic diagram comparing the current distribution before and after adding two 10m vertical grounding electrodes according to the present invention.

[0053] Figure 4 This invention provides a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in tower grounding resistance and resistance reduction rate corresponding to different numbers of vertical grounding electrodes.

[0054] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of current distribution before and after laying a single 8m vertical grounding electrode according to the present invention.

[0055] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of current distribution before and after laying a single 5m vertical grounding electrode according to the present invention.

[0056] Figure 7A schematic diagram of the distribution of grounding resistance and resistance reduction rate of the 8m vertical grounding electrode of the present invention.

[0057] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of the distribution of grounding resistance and resistance reduction rate of the 5m vertical grounding electrode of the present invention.

[0058] Figure 9 The present invention compares the current diffusion effects of uniform soil resistivity and stratified soil resistivity. Detailed Implementation

[0059] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a technical solution: an optimization method for the vertical grounding electrode of a tower grounding device based on multi-parameter coupling analysis, comprising:

[0060] Step S1: Determine the layout parameters of the horizontal grounding electrode based on the site environmental conditions;

[0061] Step S2: Based on step S1, determine the layout parameters of the vertical grounding electrode. Based on the layout parameters of the horizontal grounding electrode and the vertical grounding electrode, construct a three-dimensional geometric model and a soil resistivity distribution model. Solve the three-dimensional geometric model and the soil resistivity distribution model through finite element discretization to obtain the tower grounding resistance.

[0062] Step S3: Introduce a resistance reduction rate into the layout parameters of the vertical grounding body of the tower grounding resistance. Calculate the new resistance reduction rate using a multi-starting point gradient descent algorithm. Process the new resistance reduction rate to obtain a local optimal solution. Construct a preliminary candidate scheme set from the local optimal solutions. Sort the preliminary candidate scheme set and select the construction candidate scheme from the sorted list.

[0063] Step S4: Based on the candidate construction schemes, conduct simulation experiments on the layout parameters of the vertical grounding electrode using simulation software to obtain a preliminary optimized set of grounding design schemes;

[0064] Step S5: Construct a construction cost function, substitute the preliminarily optimized set of grounding design schemes into the construction cost function for processing, and select the scheme with the lowest construction cost.

[0065] Specifically, based on the site environmental conditions, including soil resistivity parameters, the layout parameters of horizontal and vertical grounding electrodes are determined, resulting in the number, length, and spacing of horizontal and vertical grounding electrodes, as well as the soil resistivity parameters.

[0066] The specific process for obtaining the tower grounding resistance is as follows:

[0067] Based on the layout parameters of horizontal and vertical grounding electrodes, a three-dimensional geometric model and a soil resistivity distribution model are constructed. Then, based on the physical scene formed by the three-dimensional geometric model and the soil resistivity distribution model, a steady-state resistivity field equation is constructed. , Set the reference potential V=0; Electrical conductivity; It is a vector differential operator; Soil resistivity;

[0068] The steady-state resistive field equations were discretized using the finite element method. Solving for the potential field and current density field yields the tower grounding resistance.

[0069] The specific process for obtaining the new drag reduction ratio is as follows:

[0070] Introducing the resistance reduction ratio δ into the layout parameters of the vertical grounding electrode of the tower grounding resistance, it represents:

[0071] (1);

[0072] In the formula, δ is the drag reduction ratio; To determine the grounding resistance of the tower after adding a vertical grounding electrode; The tower grounding resistance when no vertical grounding electrode is added;

[0073] in, definition:

[0074] (2);

[0075] In the formula, The number of vertical grounding electrodes to be laid The degree of impact; For the length of the vertical grounding electrode The degree of impact; The spacing of the vertical grounding electrodes The degree of impact; For soil resistivity The degree of impact; For the layout parameters of horizontal grounding electrodes The degree of impact; , , These are the laying parameters for vertical grounding electrodes, namely the number, length, and spacing.

[0076] The laying quantity was determined using a multi-starting-point gradient descent algorithm. ,length ,spacing Optimize and generate randomly A combination of initial parameters;

[0077] Each combination of initial parameters corresponds to an initial point. The multi-starting-point gradient descent algorithm, based on the initial point, uses the numerical difference method to calculate the drag reduction ratio δ with respect to the number of laying lines. The partial derivatives represent:

[0078] (3);

[0079] In the formula, To reduce drag For the number of laying The partial derivatives; For the number of laying The increment;

[0080] Repeat the calculation steps of formula (3) to calculate the length. ,spacing The partial derivatives are and ; To reduce drag For length The partial derivatives; To reduce drag Spacing The partial derivatives;

[0081] right Updating parameters means:

[0082] (4);

[0083] In the formula, This is a new value for the number of installations; The old value for the quantity to be laid; The learning rate;

[0084] Similarly, repeat the calculation process of formula (4) to... and Update parameters to obtain and ; This is the new value for the length; This is the new value for the spacing;

[0085] based on , , The drag reduction ratio δ is recalculated to obtain a new drag reduction ratio. .

[0086] The specific process for selecting candidate construction schemes is as follows:

[0087] when When the change in the gradient descent algorithm is less than the set threshold or the maximum number of iterations is reached, the iterative path converges to a local minimum, which is the local optimum. and ; The optimal number of vertical grounding electrodes to be laid; The optimal length for a vertical grounding electrode; The optimal spacing for vertical grounding electrodes;

[0088] Integrate all local optima into a preliminary candidate solution set, The initial candidate solution set is sorted in descending order according to the criteria to obtain an ordered solution set, which contains solutions from 1 to... From the ordered set of solutions, select the best one. Schemes with values ​​higher than the preset electrical threshold will be selected as construction candidate schemes. This represents the total number of locally optimal solutions included in the initial candidate solution set.

[0089] The specific process for obtaining the preliminary optimized set of grounding design schemes is as follows:

[0090] Based on the candidate construction schemes, the design scheme for the layout parameters of the vertical grounding electrode is carried out using simulation software, specifically as follows:

[0091] The Influence of Different Numbers of Vertical Grounding Electrodes on Tower Grounding Resistance

[0092] Setting soil resistivity for The vertical grounding electrode is 10m long. Based on this, the horizontal grounding electrode extension length L2 is set to 60m, with the measurement distance divided into 2m segments. The horizontal grounding electrode extension length L2 is divided into 30 segments, numbered 1 to 30. A rectangular frame structure horizontal grounding electrode L1 is set, containing 10 conductor segments, numbered 31 to 40. The spatial layout and position numbering of each conductor segment are as follows... Figure 2 As shown.

[0093] By adding two vertical grounding electrodes with a length of 10m and a diameter of 12mm and placing them at positions 16 and 31, the influence of the vertical grounding electrodes on the current distribution was analyzed, and the corresponding tower grounding resistance (11.69Ω) and resistance reduction rate (5.27%) were obtained as the core benchmark group for the preliminary optimization of the grounding design scheme.

[0094] In terms of diffused flow distribution, such as Figure 3As shown, the current dissipation value without vertical grounding electrodes (solid line) is generally higher than that with two 10m vertical grounding electrodes (dashed line). Moreover, the latter has a significant current dissipation (A) effect at key locations such as position numbers 16 and 31, and the distribution is more reasonable. In terms of grounding performance, the tower grounding resistance is 11.69Ω after adding vertical grounding electrodes, with a resistance reduction rate of 5.27%, which effectively optimizes the current dissipation distribution and reduces the tower grounding resistance.

[0095] The core benchmark group of the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme further explored the impact of multiple vertical grounding electrodes on the electrical performance of the tower grounding resistance, and analyzed the changes in tower grounding resistance corresponding to different numbers of vertical grounding electrodes (results are shown in...). Figure 4 As shown in the figure, as the number of vertical grounding electrodes (n) increases from 0 to 5, the tower grounding resistance (gray square curve) continues to decrease, while the resistance reduction rate (black dot curve) continues to increase. When the number of vertical grounding electrodes increases from 4 to 5, the resistance reduction rate of the tower grounding resistance only increases from 8.18% to 8.35%, and the increase is significantly reduced, indicating that the resistance reduction effect gradually approaches saturation.

[0096] The Influence of Different Vertical Grounding Electrode Lengths on Tower Grounding Resistance

[0097] Based on the core benchmark set of the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme, vertical grounding electrodes with lengths of 8m and 5m were selected and placed at the intersection of horizontal grounding electrodes for comparative analysis. The current distribution under different lengths of vertical grounding electrodes was calculated through simulation, and the comparison results are as follows: Figure 5 (Distribution of current (A) at location numbering for no vertical grounding electrode and a single 8m vertical grounding electrode) Figure 6 (The current distribution (A) at location number is shown for no vertical grounding electrode and a single 5m vertical grounding electrode. It can be seen that as the length of the vertical grounding electrode decreases, the influence of the leakage current distribution of the tower grounding resistance also weakens.

[0098] Further analysis of the impact of vertical grounding electrode length on grounding performance was conducted by installing multiple vertical grounding electrodes of different lengths (8m and 5m) at equal intervals. The tower grounding resistance and resistance reduction rate of these electrodes were calculated, and the results are as follows: Figure 7 Schematic diagram of grounding resistance and resistivity reduction distribution of an 8m vertical grounding electrode tower. Figure 8 Schematic diagram of grounding resistance and resistivity distribution of a 5m vertical grounding electrode tower ( Figure 7 , Figure 8 The horizontal axis represents the number of vertical grounding electrodes (n), and the vertical axis represents the tower grounding resistance (Ω) and resistance reduction rate (%), respectively. The legend includes curves for "tower grounding resistance" and "resistance reduction rate".

[0099] When the length of the vertical grounding electrode is 8m or 5m, the tower grounding resistance decreases with the increase of the number of vertical grounding electrodes. The resistance reduction effect is particularly significant when the number of vertical grounding electrodes does not exceed 6. Although the optimization rate slows down after the number exceeds 6, it still has a certain improvement effect. In actual tower grounding design, either the length or the number of vertical grounding electrodes can be increased according to the engineering conditions to achieve a similar resistance reduction effect, thereby improving the flexibility and feasibility of the design.

[0100] Dispersion distribution when soil resistivity changes

[0101] Based on the core benchmark set of the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme, this study investigates the influence of vertical grounding electrodes on the impulse current distribution of tower grounding resistance under horizontally layered soil conditions, and constructs a typical two-layer soil model: layered soil resistivity is defined; the layered soil resistivity includes the surface soil resistivity. The resistivity of the lower soil layer is Both soil layers are 5m thick, and the soil resistivity ρ is... A comparative analysis was conducted on the uniform soil resistivity, and the results are as follows: Figure 9 As shown ( Figure 9 The horizontal axis represents the location number, and the vertical axis represents the current dissipation (A). The solid line for "uniform soil resistivity" shows a relatively low and stable current dissipation value, while the dashed line for "layered soil resistivity" shows a higher and more volatile current dissipation value. Under layered soil resistivity, the impact current dissipation effect of the vertical grounding electrode is significantly reduced compared to uniform soil resistivity, indicating that layered soil resistivity has a significant impact on grounding performance.

[0102] Based on the core benchmark set of the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme, the influence of parameters such as the number and length of vertical grounding electrodes and soil resistivity is analyzed through simulation. This determines the optimal length and number of vertical and horizontal grounding electrodes to be used in combination under specific conditions to ensure that the tower grounding resistance meets engineering requirements. Simulation experiments on the number, length, and soil resistivity of vertical grounding electrodes are conducted based on the core benchmark set of the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme. Experimental schemes with adaptability and flexibility in terms of quantity, length, and soil resistivity are obtained. These schemes are then screened based on the performance improvement requirements of grounding resistance and resistance reduction rate, resulting in a preliminary optimized set of grounding design schemes.

[0103] The construction cost function is defined as follows:

[0104] (5);

[0105] In the formula, The construction cost function; Indicates the length of the vertical grounding electrode; The laying depth of the vertical grounding electrode; k1 is the number of vertical grounding electrodes; The cost; k2 is and Construction cost; k3 is Fixed costs; k4 is The cost increases quadratically with depth; Λ represents the incremental cost of future maintenance.

[0106] The specific process for selecting the solution with the lowest construction cost is as follows:

[0107] The preliminary optimized grounding design scheme set includes the length of the vertical grounding electrode in the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme. The laying depth of the vertical grounding electrode in the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme The number of vertical grounding electrodes in the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme ;Will , , Substitute the solutions into the construction cost function to calculate the total construction cost set of the design schemes. Then, compare the total construction cost sets of the design schemes horizontally and select the scheme with the lowest construction cost.

[0108] An electronic device includes a processor, a memory, and a bus, wherein the processor and the memory are connected via the bus, wherein the memory is used to store a set of program code, and the processor is used to call the program code stored in the memory to execute an optimization method for vertical grounding bodies of tower grounding devices based on multi-parameter coupling analysis.

[0109] A non-volatile computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, the computer being able to execute a method for optimizing the vertical grounding electrode of a tower grounding device based on multi-parameter coupling analysis.

[0110] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the vertical grounding electrode of a tower grounding device based on multi-parameter coupling analysis, characterized in that, include: Based on the site environmental conditions, including soil resistivity parameters, the layout parameters of horizontal and vertical grounding electrodes are determined, resulting in the number, length, and spacing of horizontal and vertical grounding electrodes, as well as the soil resistivity parameters. Based on the layout parameters of horizontal and vertical grounding electrodes, a three-dimensional geometric model and a soil resistivity distribution model are constructed. Then, based on the physical scene formed by the three-dimensional geometric model and the soil resistivity distribution model, a steady-state resistivity field equation is constructed. , Set the reference potential V=0; Electrical conductivity; It is a vector differential operator; Soil resistivity; The steady-state resistive field equations were discretized using the finite element method. Solving for the potential field and current density field yields the tower grounding resistance. In the layout parameters of the vertical grounding body of the tower grounding resistance, a resistance reduction rate is introduced and calculated using a multi-starting point gradient descent algorithm to obtain a new resistance reduction rate. The new resistance reduction rate is then processed to obtain a local optimal solution. The local optimal solution forms a preliminary candidate scheme set, which is then sorted to select a construction candidate scheme from the sorted set. The specific process for obtaining the new drag reduction ratio is as follows: Introducing the resistance reduction ratio δ into the layout parameters of the vertical grounding electrode of the tower grounding resistance, it represents: （1）； In the formula, δ is the drag reduction ratio; To determine the grounding resistance of the tower after adding a vertical grounding electrode; The tower grounding resistance when no vertical grounding electrode is added; in, definition: （2）； In the formula, The number of vertical grounding electrodes to be laid The degree of impact; For the length of the vertical grounding electrode The degree of impact; The spacing of the vertical grounding electrodes The degree of impact; For soil resistivity The degree of impact; For the layout parameters of horizontal grounding electrodes The degree of impact; , , These are the laying parameters for vertical grounding electrodes, namely the number, length, and spacing. The laying quantity was determined using a multi-starting-point gradient descent algorithm. ,length ,spacing Optimize and generate randomly A combination of initial parameters; Each combination of initial parameters corresponds to an initial point. The multi-starting-point gradient descent algorithm, based on the initial point, uses the numerical difference method to calculate the drag reduction ratio δ with respect to the number of laying lines. The partial derivatives represent: （3）； In the formula, To reduce drag For the number of laying The partial derivatives; For the number of laying The increment; Repeat the calculation steps of formula (3) to calculate the length. ,spacing The partial derivatives are and ; To reduce drag For length The partial derivatives; To reduce drag Spacing The partial derivatives; right Updating parameters means: （4）； In the formula, This is a new value for the number of installations; The old value for the quantity to be laid; The learning rate; Similarly, repeat the calculation process of formula (4) to... and Update parameters to obtain and ; This is the new value for the length; This is the new value for the spacing; based on , , The drag reduction ratio δ is recalculated to obtain a new drag reduction ratio. ; Based on the candidate construction schemes, simulation experiments on the layout parameters of vertical grounding electrodes were conducted using simulation software to obtain a preliminary optimized set of grounding design schemes; A construction cost function is constructed, and the preliminary optimized set of grounding design schemes is substituted into the construction cost function for processing, and the scheme with the lowest construction cost is selected.

2. The method for optimizing the vertical grounding electrode of a tower grounding device based on multi-parameter coupling analysis according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific process for selecting candidate construction schemes is as follows: when When the change in the gradient descent algorithm is less than the set threshold or the maximum number of iterations is reached, the iterative path converges to a local minimum, which is the local optimum. and ; The optimal number of vertical grounding electrodes to be laid; The optimal length for a vertical grounding electrode; The optimal spacing for vertical grounding electrodes; Integrate all local optima into a preliminary candidate solution set, The initial candidate solution set is sorted in descending order according to the criteria to obtain an ordered solution set, which contains solutions from 1 to... From the ordered set of solutions, select the best one. Schemes with values ​​higher than the preset electrical threshold will be selected as construction candidate schemes. This represents the total number of locally optimal solutions included in the initial candidate solution set.

3. The method for optimizing the vertical grounding electrode of a tower grounding device based on multi-parameter coupling analysis according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific process for obtaining a preliminary optimized set of grounding design schemes is as follows: Based on the candidate construction schemes, the design scheme for the layout parameters of the vertical grounding electrode is carried out using simulation software, specifically as follows: Setting soil resistivity The current is 500Ω⋅m, and the vertical grounding electrode is 10m long. Based on this, the extension length L2 of the horizontal grounding electrode is set to 60m, and the measurement distance is divided into 2m conductor segments. The extension length L2 of the horizontal grounding electrode is divided into 30 segments, numbered 1 to 30. A rectangular frame structure horizontal grounding electrode L1 is set, which contains 10 conductor segments, numbered 31 to 40. By adding two vertical grounding electrodes with a length of 10m and a diameter of 12mm and placing them at positions 16 and 31, the influence of the vertical grounding electrodes on the current distribution was analyzed, and the corresponding tower grounding resistance and resistance reduction rate data were obtained as the core benchmark group for the preliminary optimization of the grounding design scheme. Based on the core benchmark group of the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme, simulation experiments were carried out on the number, length and soil resistivity of vertical grounding electrodes. Experimental schemes with adaptability and flexibility in terms of number, length and soil resistivity were obtained. Combined with the performance improvement requirements of grounding resistance and resistance reduction rate, the experimental schemes with adaptability and flexibility in terms of number, length and soil resistivity were screened to obtain a set of preliminary optimized grounding design schemes.

4. The method for optimizing the vertical grounding electrode of a tower grounding device based on multi-parameter coupling analysis according to claim 3, characterized in that: Construct a construction cost function, representing: （5）； In the formula, The construction cost function; Indicates the length of the vertical grounding electrode; The laying depth of the vertical grounding electrode; k1 is the number of vertical grounding electrodes; The cost; k2 is and Construction cost; k3 is Fixed costs; k4 is The cost increases quadratically with depth; Λ represents the incremental cost of future maintenance.

5. The method for optimizing the vertical grounding electrode of a tower grounding device based on multi-parameter coupling analysis according to claim 4, characterized in that: The specific process for selecting the solution with the lowest construction cost is as follows: The preliminary optimized grounding design scheme set includes the length of the vertical grounding electrode in the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme. The laying depth of the vertical grounding electrode in the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme The number of vertical grounding electrodes in the preliminary optimized grounding design scheme ;Will , , Substitute the solutions into the construction cost function to calculate the total construction cost set of the design schemes. Then, compare the total construction cost sets of the design schemes horizontally and select the scheme with the lowest construction cost.

6. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor, a memory, and a bus. The processor and the memory are connected via the bus. The memory stores a set of program code, and the processor calls the program code stored in the memory to execute the vertical grounding body optimization method for pole grounding devices based on multi-parameter coupling analysis as described in any one of claims 1-5.

7. A non-volatile computer storage medium storing computer-executable instructions, characterized in that, The computer can execute instructions to perform the vertical grounding body optimization method for tower grounding devices based on multi-parameter coupling analysis as described in any one of claims 1-5.

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