A laser head suitable for remanufacturing and repairing of large components and a working method thereof

Abstract

The application relates to the field of laser remanufacturing repair, and particularly discloses a laser head suitable for large component remanufacturing repair and a working method thereof, which comprises a main shell, a joint arranged on the top of the main shell, a nozzle arranged at the bottom of the main shell, a left shell formed by extending a left side wall of the middle part of the main shell to the left side and then to the lower part, a right shell formed by extending a right side wall of the middle part of the main shell to the right side and then to the lower part, a left light splitting port formed at the bottom of the left shell, and a right light splitting port formed at the bottom of the right shell; a first detection mirror and a mirror device are arranged in the left shell and the right shell; a light splitting mirror device is fixed on the front side wall of the middle part of the main shell, and a focusing mirror and a protection mirror are sequentially arranged in the shell below the light splitting mirror device from top to bottom. The application can realize laser preheating-laser cladding double simultaneous processing, and further realize laser cladding of large components with different shapes.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of laser remanufacturing repair, and in particular to a laser head suitable for large component remanufacturing repair and a working method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of laser remanufacturing repair, for large component surface repair, there is a problem of large temperature gradient in the processing process, which is prone to produce large residual stress, resulting in cladding layer defects, even cracking and other problems. Therefore, before laser surface repair, the component needs to be preheated to resist the high stress caused by rapid laser heating and cooling. For large components with complex shape and large heat capacity, there are two common methods on the market: one is to put the entire component into a heating furnace and heat it uniformly to the target temperature. However, a huge heating furnace is needed to accommodate the entire large component, which has high investment and operating costs, and poor flexibility, making it unsuitable for on-site repair. In addition, heating the entire large component to several hundred degrees Celsius requires a huge amount of energy. The other method is to use induction coils or resistance heating blankets to locally heat the cladding area and its vicinity. However, it is difficult to control the temperature uniformity, and the heat field distribution of large components is uneven, which is prone to local overheating or insufficient preheating, resulting in new thermal stress. The current existing equipment cannot change this situation, which seriously affects the efficiency and quality of large component remanufacturing repair. In addition, the maximum rated power of most current lasers is much larger than the laser power used, resulting in low utilization of the laser, which indirectly or directly causes waste of resources.

[0003] The patent with publication number CN114535800A discloses a laser cladding remelting equipment, which realizes laser cladding (in front) and laser remelting (in back) modification through the cooperation of a beam splitter and a reflector. However, it does not consider that in actual laser cladding process, most of the time is spent on reciprocating cladding processing. Obviously, an equipment that only performs single-sided laser remelting is difficult to apply to actual processing and lacks flexibility. In addition, some existing laser cladding heads are disclosed in other existing technologies, some of which realize laser preheating (in front), laser cladding (in the middle), and laser tempering (in back) modification through the cooperation of a beam splitter and a reflector. However, it does not consider that the laser power used in the latter process is limited by the proportion of the beam splitter used in the former process, making it difficult to ensure that the laser power used in adjacent two cladding tracks in the reciprocating laser cladding process is consistent. At the same time, the number of beam splitter combinations in this invention patent is small and difficult to replace, lacking flexibility in laser power adjustment. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a laser head suitable for large component remanufacturing repair and a working method thereof to overcome the defects of the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technical solutions adopted by the present application are as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the application provides a laser head suitable for remanufacturing and repairing large components, comprising a main shell, a joint provided on the top of the main shell, a nozzle provided on the bottom of the main shell, a left shell formed by extending the left side wall of the middle of the main shell to the left and then to the bottom, a right shell formed by extending the right side wall of the middle of the main shell to the right and then to the bottom, a left light splitting port formed on the bottom of the left shell, and a right light splitting port formed on the bottom of the right shell; a first detection mirror and a right mirror device are provided in the right shell, and a second detection mirror and a left mirror device are provided in the left shell; a light splitting mirror device is fixed on the front side wall of the middle of the main shell, a focusing mirror and a protection mirror are provided in the main shell below the light splitting mirror device from top to bottom; and a detection device is further provided on the main shell.

[0007] The light splitting mirror device comprises a light splitting mirror fixing frame and a light splitting mirror cover plate; the light splitting mirror cover plate is fixed on the main shell, and a shifting device is provided on the light splitting mirror cover plate; the shifting device drives the light splitting mirror fixing frame to rotate through a transmission device; a plurality of light splitting mirror fixing shafts are provided along the circumferential direction of the light splitting mirror fixing frame, the end of the light splitting mirror fixing shaft is provided with a light splitting mirror clasp; a light splitting mirror is fixed on the light splitting mirror fixing shaft through a spline; a pressing elastic self-locking buckle is matched with the light splitting mirror clasp, the pressing elastic self-locking buckle is connected with a rotary motor, the rotary motor is connected with a grabbing button, and a button spring is provided between the grabbing button and the main shell and is sleeved thereon.

[0008] As a further technical solution, the shifting device comprises a shifting piece and a shifting piece spring, a slot is opened on the light splitting mirror cover plate, and the shifting piece and the shifting piece spring are installed in the slot; and the shifting piece spring is located on one side of the shifting piece.

[0009] As a further technical solution, the shifting device is connected with a rack located on the inner side of the light splitting mirror cover plate, the rack is engaged with a first gear, the first gear and a pawl are fixed on a rotating shaft, a second gear is sleeved on the rotating shaft, the inner side of the second gear is a ratchet gear, the ratchet gear is matched with the pawl, the outer side of the second gear is engaged with a main shaft gear, the main shaft gear is fixedly connected with a light splitting mirror rotating main shaft, and the light splitting mirror rotating main shaft drives the light splitting mirror fixing frame to rotate.

[0010] As a further technical solution, the detection device comprises a detection camera, a third detection mirror and a detection mirror; the third detection mirror is located in the main shell and below the light splitting mirror device, the detection mirror is installed on a rear shell, the camera position of the detection camera is aligned with the detection mirror, and the rear shell is connected with the main shell.

[0011] As a further technical solution, a temperature measuring instrument device is provided on the side wall of the left shell and the right shell.

[0012] As a further technical scheme, the mirror device comprises a prism position sensor, a prism motor, a mirror, a Powell prism, a connecting rod, a mirror motor, and a mirror position sensor; the Powell prism is provided with one connecting rod on each side, one of the connecting rods is rotationally connected with a rotating shaft of the mirror motor, the rotating shaft of the mirror motor is fixed with the mirror through the connecting rod to drive the mirror to rotate, and the other connecting rod is fixedly connected with a rotating shaft of the prism motor to realize rotation control of the Powell prism.

[0013] As a further technical scheme, the mirror motor rotating shaft is provided with a mirror position sensor, and the prism motor rotating shaft is provided with a prism position sensor.

[0014] As a further technical scheme, the powder feeding device comprises a total powder feeding pipe, the total powder feeding pipe is fed into a powder feeding pipe through a powder distributor, and the powder feeding pipe is connected with the outer ring of the nozzle.

[0015] In a second aspect, based on the laser head suitable for remanufacturing and repairing of large components, the application further provides a working method, which is specifically as follows:

[0016] The laser fiber is connected with the laser head through a joint and emits laser, and a set of light splitting mirrors is selected by rotating a light splitting mirror device; incident laser is split into one transmitted laser and one reflected laser through the light splitting mirror device, the transmitted laser passes through a focusing mirror and a nozzle in sequence for laser cladding, and the reflected laser is converted into linear laser through a mirror device in the left or right shell and is emitted from the right or left light splitting port to act on the surface of a workpiece to be processed for cleaning and preheating; in reciprocating processing, when the laser head turns, the laser stops, the light splitting mirror being used is rotated by 90 degrees through a motor, so that the reflected laser is emitted from the other light splitting port, thereby ensuring that the linear laser cleans and heats the laser cladding area to be processed in real time.

[0017] In a third aspect, based on the laser head suitable for remanufacturing and repairing of large components, the application further provides a working method, which is specifically as follows:

[0018] The laser fiber is connected with the laser head through a joint and emits laser, and a set of light splitting mirrors is selected by rotating a light splitting mirror device; incident laser is split into one transmitted laser and one reflected laser through the light splitting mirror device, the transmitted laser passes through a focusing mirror and a nozzle in sequence for laser cladding, and the reflected laser is converted into linear laser through a mirror device in the left or right shell and is emitted from the right or left light splitting port to act on the surface of a workpiece to be processed for cleaning and preheating; in reciprocating processing, when the laser head turns, the laser stops, the light splitting mirror being used is rotated by 90 degrees through a motor, so that the reflected laser is emitted from the other light splitting port, thereby ensuring that the linear laser cleans and heats the laser cladding area to be processed in real time.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present application are as follows:

[0020] The laser head suitable for remanufacturing and repairing of large components can realize laser preheating and laser cladding double simultaneous processing, and further realize laser cladding of large components with different shapes. Through the cooperation of the rotating device, the pressing elastic self-locking buckle and the grabbing button of the beam splitter device, the beam splitter with different beam splitting ratios can be selected, and then part of the laser is converted into linear laser by the mirror device to repeatedly scan the processing area to achieve cleaning and preheating, and the other part is used for laser cladding. The structure design realizes the maximization of the utilization rate of the laser while ensuring the flexibility and diversity of the equipment. In addition, at the inflection point of reciprocating cladding, the rotating motor of the beam splitter device rotates the beam splitter to adjust the preheating laser outlet, so that the preheating laser is always in front of the cladding laser, meets the requirement of consistent laser power for adjacent two cladding tracks, and reduces the generation of additional residual stress.

[0021] Further, through the feedback devices such as the temperature measuring device and the detection device, real-time monitoring is realized, which further ensures that the preheating treatment can reach the required temperature and the uniformity of heating. Further, by replacing the beam splitter, triple processing of laser preheating, laser cladding and laser remelting on the surface of the large component can be realized, so that the component obtains a smooth and crack-free cladding layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the laser head of the present application as a whole;

[0023] Figure 2 It is Figure 1 an enlarged schematic diagram of part A in the figure;

[0024] Figure 3 It is a front view of the laser head of the present application;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a side view of the laser head of the present application;

[0026] Figure 5 It is Figure 4 an enlarged schematic diagram of the laser head beam splitter device in the figure;

[0027] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the laser head beam splitter device of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the laser head beam splitter device of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the gear set of the present application as a whole;

[0030] Figure 9 The overall schematic diagram of the mirror device proposed by the present application;

[0031] Figure 10 The exploded view of the mirror device proposed by the present application;

[0032] Figure 11 The optical path schematic diagram in Example 1;

[0033] Figure 12 The optical path schematic diagram of Example 2;

[0034] Wherein, 11, joint; 12, first protective mirror device; 13, right mirror cover plate; 14, beam splitter cover plate; 15, second protective mirror device; 16, nozzle; 17, focusing mirror device; 18, left mirror cover plate; 19, temperature measuring instrument device; 110, detection camera; 111, dial piece spring; 112, dial piece; 113, position marker block;

[0035] 21, first detection mirror; 22, right mirror device; 23, right beam splitting port; 24, third protective mirror; 25, beam splitter coating; 26, beam splitter; 27, fourth protective mirror; 28, left beam splitting port; 29, left mirror device; 210, second detection mirror; 201, main shell; 202, left shell; 203, right shell; 204, rear shell;

[0036] 30, beam splitter device, 31, total powder feeding pipe; 32, detection mirror; 33, powder distributor; 34, powder feeding pipe; 35, third detection mirror; 36, beam splitter clasp; 37, pressing elastic self-locking buckle; 38, pressing elastic self-locking mechanism; 39, rotary motor; 310, button spring; 311, grabbing button; 312, beam splitter rotating main shaft; 313, beam splitter fixing frame;

[0037] 41, gear set; 42, spline; 51, rack; 52, first gear; 53, main shaft gear; 54, second gear; 55, rotating shaft; 56, spring; 57, ratchet;

[0038] 61, prism position sensor; 62, prism motor; 63, mirror; 64, Powell prism; 65, mirror motor; 66, mirror position sensor; 67, prism connecting rod; 68, mirror connecting rod;

[0039] 600, incident laser; 601, refracted laser; 602, transmitted laser; 603, linear laser; 605, first refracted laser; 606, second refracted laser; 607, first linear laser; 608, second linear laser; 251, first coating; 252, second coating. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative only, and is intended to provide further description in connection with the application. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

[0041] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments in accordance with the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and / or "comprising," when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0042] For the convenience of description, if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right" appear in the present application, they only mean the same direction as the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure, but only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0043] In order to better understand the technical content of the present application, specific embodiments are described below with the aid of the accompanying drawings.

[0044] In the process of laser direct energy deposition (L-DED) coating of large components, on the one hand, due to the large volume of the substrate, a large temperature gradient is caused, and it is difficult to perform preheating treatment, thereby causing the coating to be prone to cracks, and even cracking; on the other hand, the rated power of most lasers on the market is often much larger than the actual use power, resulting in low resource utilization. The present embodiment is first aimed at designing a laser preheating-laser cladding or laser cladding-laser remelting dual processing laser head device, in addition, by adjusting the beam splitter device, laser preheating, laser cladding and laser remelting triple processing on the surface of large components can be realized. Referring to Figure 1 As shown, so that the component obtains a smooth and crack-free cladding layer.

[0045] Embodiment 1

[0046] The present embodiment takes the realization of laser preheating-laser cladding dual processing as an example for description, and the specific implementation is as follows:

[0047] The laser head and working method thereof disclosed by the embodiment are suitable for remanufacturing and repairing of large components. The laser is divided into two lasers according to the demand ratio, the front laser is used for pretreatment (surface cleaning, preheating treatment, etc.) of the substrate, and the rear laser is used for cladding, so as to realize the demand of efficient repair of large components. Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 、 Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7 、 Figure 8 、 Figure 9 、 Figure 10 As shown in the drawings, the device comprises a main shell 201, a joint 11 is arranged at the top of the main shell 201, a nozzle 16 is arranged at the bottom of the main shell 201, a left shell 202 is formed by extending the left side wall of the middle part of the main shell 201 to the left and then to the lower part, a right shell 203 is formed by extending the right side wall of the middle part of the main shell 201 to the right and then to the lower part, a fourth protective mirror 27 is arranged at the intersection of the left shell 202, the right shell 203 and the main shell 201;

[0048] A second detection mirror 210 and a left mirror device 29 are arranged in the left shell 202; a first detection mirror 21 and a right mirror device 22 are arranged in the right shell 203; a left mirror cover plate 18 is arranged on the left shell 202; and a right mirror cover plate 13 is arranged on the right shell 203;

[0049] A third protective mirror 24 is arranged at the left light splitting port 28 and the right light splitting port 23;

[0050] A light splitting mirror device 30 is fixed on the front side wall of the middle part of the main shell 201, and a light splitting mirror cover plate 14 is arranged on the shell corresponding to the position of the light splitting mirror device 30,

[0051] A first protective mirror device 12 is arranged in the shell above the light splitting mirror device 30;

[0052] A third detection mirror 35, a focusing mirror device 17 and a second protective mirror device 15 are arranged in the shell below the light splitting mirror device 30 from top to bottom;

[0053] Further, the third detection mirror 35 is installed on the rear side wall of the main shell 201, and a detection device is installed on the third detection mirror 35, which comprises the detection camera 110, the third detection mirror 35 and the detection mirror 32. The detection mirror 32 is installed on the rear shell 204, and the camera position of the detection camera 110 is aligned with the detection mirror 32. The rear shell 204 is connected to the main shell 201 through a connecting piece. The third detection mirror 35 and the detection mirror 32 both reflect the processing state of the component to the camera. Through the detection device, the laser cladding molten pool dynamics and temperature are monitored in real time, and the quality of the cladding layer is further ensured.

[0054] Further, the temperature measuring instrument device 19 is arranged on the side wall of the left shell 202, and the temperature measuring instrument device 19 is also arranged on the side wall of the right shell 203.

[0055] As shown in Figure 9 , Figure 10 , the left mirror device 29 and the right mirror device 22 have the same structure, and one of them is taken as an example for specific description.

[0056] The left mirror device 29 comprises the prism position sensor 61, the prism motor 62, the mirror 63, the Powell prism 64, the prism connecting rod 67, the mirror motor 65, the mirror position sensor 66, the prism connecting rod 67 and the mirror connecting rod 68.

[0057] The Powell prism 64 is provided with a prism connecting rod 67 on each side. The left prism connecting rod 67 is rotatably connected with the rotating shaft of the mirror motor 65. The rotating shaft of the mirror motor 65 is fixedly connected with the mirror connecting rod 68 of the mirror 63, so as to drive the mirror 63 to rotate. The right prism connecting rod 67 is fixedly connected with the rotating shaft of the prism motor 62, so as to realize the rotation control of the Powell prism 64. The mirror position sensor 66 is arranged on the rotating shaft of the mirror motor 65. The prism position sensor 61 is arranged on the rotating shaft of the prism motor 62.

[0058] As shown in Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, the beam splitter device 30 includes a beam splitter cover plate 14, on which a dial 112, a dial spring 111, a position marker block 113, and a rack 51, a gear set 41, etc. are arranged; the beam splitter cover plate 14 is slotted, and the dial 112 and the dial spring 111 are installed in the slot, and the dial spring 111 is located on one side of the dial 112; the dial 112 is connected with the rack 51 located on the inner side of the beam splitter cover plate 14, and the gear set 41 includes a first gear 52, a second gear 54, and a main shaft gear 53; the rack 51 is engaged with the first gear 52, and the stroke ratio is 5:1, that is, the first gear rotates 72°, and the first gear 52 and the pawl 57 are both fixed on a rotating shaft 55, one end of the pawl 57 is connected with the end surface of the rotating shaft 55 through a pin shaft, and the other end is connected with the side surface of the rotating shaft 55 through a spring 56; the first gear 52 drives the rotating shaft 55 to rotate, the rotating shaft 55 drives the pawl 57 to move, the second gear 54 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 55, and the second gear 54 can rotate relative to the rotating shaft 55 under the action of the pawl 57; the inner side of the second gear 54 is a ratchet gear, the ratchet gear cooperates with the pawl 57, the outer side of the second gear 54 is a normal gear, and the outer side of the second gear 54 is engaged with the main shaft gear 53 at a ratio of 1:1, that is, the pawl 57 drives the second gear 54, the second gear 54 drives the main shaft gear 53 to rotate 72°, the main shaft gear 53 is fixedly connected with a beam splitter rotating main shaft 312, the beam splitter rotating main shaft 312 drives a beam splitter fixed frame 313 to rotate 72°, and the next beam splitter 26 is switched in,

[0059] A plurality of beam splitter fixing shafts are arranged along the circumferential direction of the beam splitter fixed frame 313, and the end of the beam splitter fixing shaft is provided with a beam splitter clamping hook 36; the beam splitter 26 is fixed on the beam splitter fixing shaft through a spline 42; the beam splitter 26 has a beam splitter coating film 25;

[0060] The beam splitter clamping hook 36 cooperates with a pressing elastic self-locking buckle 37, a pressing elastic self-locking mechanism 38, a rotating motor 39, a button spring 310, and a grabbing button 311; the grabbing button 311 is connected with the rotating motor 39, the rotating motor 39 is connected with the pressing elastic self-locking buckle 37; the button spring 310 is sleeved between the grabbing button 311 and the main shell 201; the pressing elastic self-locking buckle 37 is used for cooperating with the beam splitter clamping hook 36.

[0061] Further, in order to ensure the stability of the rack movement, a guide device can also be added to the side surface thereof.

[0062] Further, as shown, Figure 3 it also includes a powder feeding device, specifically, including a total powder feeding pipe 31, the total powder feeding pipe 31 is fed to a powder feeding pipe 34 through a powder distributor 33; the powder feeding pipe 34 is connected with the outer ring of the nozzle 16.

[0063] The above device can realize laser preheating-laser cladding double simultaneous processing, and can realize laser cladding of large components with different shapes; through the cooperation of the rotating plate 112, the pressing elastic self-locking buckle 37 and the grabbing button 311 of the beam splitter device 30 and the beam splitter with different beam splitting ratios, then a part of the laser is converted into linear laser through the mirror device to repeatedly scan the to-be-processed area to achieve cleaning and preheating, and the other part is used for laser cladding; this structure design realizes the maximization of the utilization rate of the laser while ensuring the flexibility and diversity of the equipment. In addition, at the inflection point of reciprocating cladding, the rotating motor of the beam splitter device 30 rotates the beam splitter to adjust the preheating laser outlet, so that the preheating laser is always in front of the cladding laser, meeting the requirement of consistent laser power for adjacent two cladding tracks and reducing the generation of additional residual stress. Further, through the feedback devices such as the temperature measuring instrument device 19 and the detection device, real-time monitoring is realized, which further ensures that the preheating treatment can reach the required temperature and the uniformity of heating. Further, by replacing the beam splitter 26, laser preheating, laser cladding and laser remelting triple processing can be realized on the surface of the large component, so that the component obtains a smooth and crack-free cladding layer.

[0064] The specific working process is described in detail as follows:

[0065] Before processing, open the spectroscope cover plate 14, take out the spectroscope device 30, replace the spectroscope with appropriate splitting ratio and type. Spectroscopes with different splitting ratios have different corresponding reflected light and projected light ratios, which further affect the intensity of laser processing. In this embodiment, the device can install up to 5 different spectroscopes 26, which are connected through the spline and the spectroscope fixing shaft in the circumferential direction of the spectroscope fixing frame 313 for easy disassembly. Then close the spectroscope cover plate 14 for protection. Press the grabbing button 311 to push the pressing elastic self-locking buckle 37 to grab and lock the spectroscope clamping hook 36. The button spring 310 has a much greater elastic force than the friction force of the spline 42, so the spectroscope 26 is separated from the spectroscope fixing frame 313 and controlled by the rotating motor 39. When starting to process to the left, the cladding powder passes through the total powder feeding pipe 31, is divided by the powder distributor 33, flows into the powder feeding pipe 34, and is sprayed from the nozzle 16. At the same time, the laser irradiates on the spectroscope 26, part of which penetrates for laser cladding, and part of which reflects to the left mirror device 29 in the left spectroscope port 28, and then reflects to the Powell prism 64 through the left mirror device 29. The point laser is converted into a line laser and emitted from the left spectroscope port. The high-speed reciprocating swing scanning of the line laser on the surface of the workpiece to be processed is realized through the cooperative control of the mirror motor 65 and the prism motor 62. In order to ensure the position accuracy, the position is fed back in real time by the prism position sensor 61 and the mirror position sensor 66, so as to realize the laser cleaning and preheating treatment on the surface of the workpiece to be processed. The preheating temperature is monitored in real time by the left temperature measuring instrument device 19. If the temperature is too high or too low, the light can be temporarily stopped. Press the grabbing button 311 again to unlock the pressing elastic self-locking mechanism 38 and release the pressing elastic self-locking buckle 37 to push the spectroscope 26 and the spline 42 of the spectroscope fixing frame 313 to be fixedly connected. Then, the dial piece 112 is pushed to the right to drive the rack 51 to move to the right. The rack 51 is engaged with the first gear 52, and the stroke ratio is 5:1, that is, the first gear rotates 72°. The first gear 52 and the second gear 54 are fixed on the rotating shaft 55. The inner side of the second gear 54 is a ratchet gear, which is matched with the pawl 57. The outer side of the second gear 54 is a normal gear, and the outer side of the second gear 54 is 1:1 engaged with the main shaft gear 53, that is, the pawl 57 drives the second gear 54 and the main shaft gear 53 to rotate 72°. The main shaft gear 53 is fixedly connected with the spectroscope rotating main shaft 312 to drive the spectroscope fixing frame 313 to rotate 72°, so as to switch to the next spectroscope 26. The dial spring 111 pushes the dial piece 112 back to the original position to drive the rack, the first gear, and the pawl to move in the opposite direction. However, due to the structure characteristics of the ratchet, the second gear cannot be rotated in the opposite direction, so the dial piece 112 is repeatedly pushed to make the spectroscope rotating main shaft 312 rotate in one direction. The spectroscope rotating main shaft 312 is also connected with the position marker block 113 to realize real-time feedback of the internal spectroscope position distribution. When the spectroscope rotates to the appropriate ratio spectroscope, press the grabbing button 311 to grab the corresponding spectroscope 26 to work.

[0066] ​

[0067] When the processing inflection point is reached and the processing is to the right, the laser is stopped, the working dichroic mirror 26 is rotated 90° to the right by the rotating motor 39, so that the reflected laser is emitted from the right dichroic port 23, and the working principle is consistent with that of the left dichroic port. In order to ensure the accuracy requirement, the dichroic mirror device 30 is also provided with a dichroic mirror main shaft position sensor and a dichroic mirror position sensor to feed back the position in real time, so that the workpiece surface can be preheated by the laser head during reciprocating processing. Through the detection camera 110, the laser cladding molten pool dynamics and temperature can be monitored in real time, and the cladding layer quality is further ensured.

[0068] The laser fiber is connected with the laser head through the joint 11 and emits laser light, as shown in Figure 11 The incident laser 600 is divided into two parts by the dichroic mirror 26, which are refracted laser 601 and transmitted laser 602. In the dichroic mirror device 30, up to five different dichroic mirrors 26 with different splitting ratios can be fixed by the spline 42. According to the requirement, the dichroic mirror 26 with a suitable ratio can be selected by the dial 112, and the transmitted laser 602 passes through the focusing mirror device 17 and the nozzle 16 for laser cladding.

[0069] The refracted laser 601 is reflected by the mirror 63 and passes through the Powell prism 64 to be converted into a line laser 603, which is emitted from the right dichroic port and acts on the surface of the workpiece to be processed. The mirror motor 65 and the prism motor 62 control the swing of the mirror 63 and the Powell prism 64 according to the position relationship of the mirror 63 and the Powell prism 64 fed back by the mirror position sensor 66 and the prism position sensor 61, so as to realize the reciprocating scanning of the line laser in the processing area and the adjustment of the scanning frequency, and further realize the cleaning and preheating of the surface to be processed.

[0070] In actual reciprocating processing, when the laser head turns, the laser is stopped, and the working dichroic mirror is rotated 90° by the rotating motor 39, so that the reflected laser is emitted from the other left dichroic port 28, thereby ensuring that the line laser always cleans and heats the laser cladding processing area in real time. In addition, the present application is designed with a real-time detection device, which can detect the temperature and morphology of the molten pool in real time, and the temperature detector device 19 can detect the temperature of the heating area in real time. Through real-time monitoring means feedback, then select the appropriate ratio of dichroic mirror, the maximum possible to reduce the temperature gradient, reduce the probability of defects, greatly improve the efficiency and quality of remanufacturing repair, increase the utilization rate of laser power.

[0071] Further, the conventional laser power is about 3000W-4000W, while the conventional laser cladding mostly only needs about 1000W, and the laser cleaning and preheating also needs about 1000W, so the utilization rate of the laser is improved.

[0072] Example 2

[0073] Since the beam splitter device 30 in Embodiment 1 is fixed and encapsulated by the beam splitter cover plate 14, and the beam splitter 26 of the beam splitter device 30 is only installed via splines, the structure is simple and allows for quick assembly and disassembly of beam splitters 26 of different types and different beam splitting ratios. Figure 12 As shown, this embodiment replaces the incident laser 600 with a different type of beam splitter 26. This beam splitter 26 has two first coatings 251 and second coatings 252 arranged at a certain angle. The beam splitter 26 splits the incident laser 600 into three parts: a first refracted laser 605, a second refracted laser 606, and a transmitted laser 602. The first refracted laser 605 becomes a first line laser 607 after passing through a Powell prism 64; the second refracted laser 606 becomes a second line laser 608 after passing through a Powell prism 64. According to the principle of embodiment 1, laser scanning is achieved before and after the laser cladding process. The front laser has a pre-processing function (preheating and cleaning), while the rear laser can realize the functions of laser quenching, laser remelting, and slow cooling, further enhancing the quality of the remanufactured repair layer, thereby achieving efficient and high-quality remanufacturing repair and maximizing the utilization of the laser.

[0074] Throughout the processing, the reflector motor 65 and prism motor 62 in the left housing 202 and the right housing 203 control the reflector 63 and Powell prism 64 to swing according to the positional relationship of the reflector 63 and Powell prism 64 fed back by their respective reflector position sensors 66 and prism position sensors 61, so as to realize the reciprocating scanning of the front and rear laser paths in the processing area and the adjustment of the scanning frequency.

[0075] It should be noted that the power of the first refracting laser 605 and the second refracting laser 606 can be adjusted by adjusting the setting angle of the first coating 251 and the second coating 252; the power of the first refracting laser 605 and the second refracting laser 606 can be equal or unequal; if they are equal, the rotary motor 39 of the beam splitter device 30 will not rotate when the laser head turns during reciprocating processing; if they are unequal, the rotary motor 39 of the beam splitter device 30 will rotate 180° when the laser head turns during reciprocating processing.

[0076] The other structures are the same as in Example 1, and will not be described again here.

[0077] Finally, it should be noted that relational terms such as first and second are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations.

[0078] The above merely provides the preferred embodiments of the present application, and is not used to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the principles and technical scope of the present application shall fall into the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A laser head suitable for remanufacturing and repairing large components, comprising a main housing, characterized in that, A connector is provided at the top of the main housing, and a nozzle is provided at the bottom of the main housing. The left side wall of the middle part of the main housing extends to the left and then downward to form a left housing. The right side wall of the middle part of the main housing extends to the right and then downward to form a right housing. A left beam splitter is formed at the bottom of the left housing, and a right beam splitter is formed at the bottom of the right housing. A first detection mirror and a right reflector are provided inside the right housing, and a second detection mirror and a left reflector are provided inside the left housing. A beam splitter is fixed on the front side wall of the middle part of the main housing. A focusing mirror and a protective mirror are arranged sequentially from top to bottom inside the main housing below the beam splitter. A detection device is also provided on the main housing. The beam splitter device includes a beam splitter mounting bracket and a beam splitter cover plate. The beam splitter cover plate is fixed to the main housing, and a toggle device is provided on the beam splitter cover plate. The toggle device drives the beam splitter mounting bracket to rotate through a transmission device. Multiple beam splitter fixing shafts are arranged along the circumference of the beam splitter mounting bracket, and beam splitter hooks are provided at the ends of the beam splitter fixing shafts. A splined beam splitter is fixed on the beam splitter fixing shaft. A press-sensitive elastic self-locking buckle cooperates with the beam splitter hooks. The press-sensitive elastic self-locking buckle is connected to a rotary motor, and the rotary motor is connected to a gripping button. A button spring is provided between the gripping button and the main housing and fitted onto it.

2. The laser head for remanufacturing and repairing large components as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The actuating device includes a paddle and a paddle spring. A slot is made in the beam splitter cover plate, and the paddle and the paddle spring are installed in the slot. The paddle spring is located on one side of the paddle.

3. The laser head for remanufacturing and repairing large components as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The actuating device is connected to a rack located inside the beam splitter cover plate. The rack meshes with a first gear. The first gear and a pawl are both fixed on a rotating shaft. A second gear is mounted on the rotating shaft. The inner side of the second gear is a ratchet gear, which engages with the pawl. The outer side of the second gear meshes with a main shaft gear. The main shaft gear is fixedly connected to the beam splitter rotating main shaft. The beam splitter rotating main shaft drives the beam splitter mounting bracket to rotate.

4. A laser head suitable for remanufacturing and repairing large components as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The detection device includes a detection camera, a third detection mirror, and a detection reflector; the third detection mirror is located inside the main housing and below the beam splitter device, the detection reflector is mounted on the rear housing, the camera of the detection camera is aligned with the detection reflector, and the rear housing is connected to the main housing.

5. A laser head suitable for remanufacturing and repairing large components as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Temperature measuring devices are installed on the side walls of the left and right shells.

6. A laser head suitable for remanufacturing and repairing large components as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The reflector device includes a prism position sensor, a prism motor, a reflector, a Powell prism, connecting rods, a reflector motor, and a reflector position sensor. A connecting rod is provided on each side of the Powell prism. One connecting rod is rotatably connected to the rotating shaft of the reflector motor, and the rotating shaft of the reflector motor passes through the connecting rod and is fixed to the reflector, driving the reflector to rotate. The other connecting rod is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft of the prism motor, realizing rotation control of the Powell prism.

7. A laser head suitable for remanufacturing and repairing large components as described in claim 6, characterized in that, A reflector position sensor is installed on the rotating shaft of the reflector motor; a prism position sensor is installed on the rotating shaft of the prism motor.

8. A laser head suitable for remanufacturing and repairing large components as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a powder feeding device, which includes a main powder feeding pipe, which feeds powder into the powder feeding pipe through a powder distributor; the powder feeding pipe is connected to the outer ring of the nozzle.

9. A method for operating a laser head suitable for remanufacturing and repairing large components according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Specifically as follows: The laser fiber is connected to the laser head via a connector and emits laser light. The set beam splitter is selected by rotating the beam splitter device. The incident laser is split into a transmitted laser and a reflected laser by the beam splitter device. The transmitted laser passes through a focusing lens and a nozzle in sequence for laser cladding. The reflected laser is converted into a line laser by a reflecting mirror device in the left or right housing. It comes out from the right or left beam splitter port and acts on the surface of the workpiece to be processed for cleaning and preheating. During reciprocating processing, when the laser head turns, the laser stops, and the beam splitter being used is rotated 90° by a motor, so that the reflected laser is emitted from the other beam splitter port, thus ensuring that the line laser continuously cleans and heats the laser cladding area in real time.

10. A method for operating a laser head suitable for remanufacturing and repairing large components according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Specifically as follows: The laser fiber is connected to the laser head via a connector and emits laser light. The set beam splitter is selected by rotating the beam splitter device. The incident laser is split into one transmitted laser and two reflected lasers by the beam splitter device. One transmitted laser passes through the focusing lens and nozzle in sequence for laser cladding. The other two reflected lasers are converted into line lasers by the reflector devices in the left and right housings. They come out from the right beam splitter and the left beam splitter and act on the front and rear positions of the workpiece surface to be processed. The front reflected laser cleans and preheats the workpiece surface, while the rear emitted laser performs laser quenching, laser remelting and slow cooling on the workpiece surface.

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