Disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing type peanut special fertilizer suitable for black soil area of northeast cold region

Abstract

The invention discloses a disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing type peanut special fertilizer suitable for a black soil area of a cold region in northeast China. The fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-20 parts of urea, 5-12 parts of urea formaldehyde, 10-20 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 10-20 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-8 parts of a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0.1-0.5 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.5-1.0 part of borax, 0.5-1.0 part of zinc sulfate, 2-5 parts of ammonium humate, 2-5 parts of potassium humate, 5-15 parts of a seaweed extract, 1-5 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 10-20 parts of palm oil, 10-20 parts of a compound microbial agent, 10-20 parts of compound amino acid and 5-10 parts of bentonite. The invention also discloses a preparation method and application of the compound. The development of the product not only can remarkably improve the yield and quality of peanuts, but also has important significance in reducing the application amount of chemical fertilizer and protecting black land resources.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of fertilizer technology, specifically relating to a disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut fertilizer suitable for the cold black soil region of Northeast China, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Peanuts are an important economic crop and oilseed crop in my country, playing an irreplaceable role in ensuring edible oil supply, increasing farmers' income, and promoting rural economic development. Currently, my country's peanut cultivation level is among the most advanced in the world, with yields far exceeding those of other oilseed crops, making it the only oilseed crop capable of achieving self-sufficiency. Northeast China, due to its unique soil and climate conditions, produces peanuts with plump kernels and a rich, delicious flavor, making it one of the major high-quality peanut producing areas in China. In 2024, its peanut planting area was nearly 12 million mu (approximately 800,000 hectares), with a yield of nearly 3 million tons, accounting for about 10% of the national total peanut production.

[0003] Peanuts, as a legume, possess the ability to form nodules and fix nitrogen through symbiotic relationships with soil rhizobia. However, under natural conditions, this results in low nodule formation and low nitrogen fixation rates, making it difficult to meet the demands of high-yield, high-efficiency, and green production. Simultaneously, peanuts are highly susceptible to aflatoxin contamination, severely impacting peanut quality and yield, threatening food and oil safety, and consumer health, becoming a major challenge for industry control. Currently, peanut-specific fertilizers on the market are mainly NPK compound fertilizers, which struggle to balance disease resistance and nitrogen fixation. Long-term application can lead to soil compaction and acidification, and also suffers from limitations such as slow fertilizer effect, low utilization rate, and limited nutrient content. On the other hand, while microbial inoculants have significant potential in controlling aflatoxin contamination and promoting nodule formation and nitrogen fixation, they also suffer from slow fertilizer effect, high application technical requirements, and poor field microbial community stability.

[0004] Given the unique climate and soil conditions of the cold, black soil region of Northeast China, existing products generally lack systematic optimization design. Therefore, the inventors proposed an innovative approach of "fertilizer-borne microorganisms," organically combining compound microbial agents with specialized fertilizers. This effectively overcomes industry technical bottlenecks such as the incompatibility between compound fertilizers and microorganisms, the easy inactivation of microbial agents, and short shelf life. They successfully created a disease-resistant, nitrogen-fixing peanut-specific fertilizer, achieving a synergistic effect of "1+1>2." The development of this product not only significantly improves peanut yield and quality but also plays a vital role in reducing fertilizer application and protecting black soil resources. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the current peanut planting technology, the purpose of this invention is to provide a disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut fertilizer suitable for the cold black soil region of Northeast China.

[0006] The present invention also aims to provide a method for preparing and applying the disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut-specific fertilizer.

[0007] To achieve the objectives of this invention, it is implemented through the following methods:

[0008] This invention provides a disease-resistant, nitrogen-fixing peanut fertilizer suitable for the cold, black soil region of Northeast China. It comprises the following components by weight: 10-20 parts urea, 5-12 parts urea-formaldehyde, 10-20 parts monoammonium phosphate, 10-20 parts potassium sulfate, 2-8 parts calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.5-1.0 parts borax, 0.5-1.0 parts zinc sulfate, 2-5 parts ammonium humate, 2-5 parts potassium humate, 5-15 parts seaweed extract, 1-5 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 10-20 parts palm oil, 10-20 parts compound microbial inoculant, 10-20 parts compound amino acids, and 5-10 parts bentonite.

[0009] Preferably, the compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCTCC NO: M 20241295, Bacillus laterosporus brevis CCTCC NO: M 20242118, Bacillus mucilaginosus CCTCC NO: M 20231817 and Enterobacter ludwig's bacterium CCTCC NO: M 20231595, with an effective viable count ≥ 0.6 billion / g.

[0010] Preferably, the urea-formaldehyde is prepared by reacting urea and formaldehyde at a molar ratio of 1.2 to 1.5:1, with a nitrogen release period of 80 to 120 days.

[0011] Preferably, the degree of alcoholysis of the polyvinyl alcohol is 87.0% to 89.0% (mol / mol), and the viscosity of its 4% aqueous solution at 20°C is 20.5 to 24.5 mPa•s.

[0012] Preferably, the complex amino acid is composed of proline, glycine, and arginine.

[0013] This invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut fertilizer suitable for the cold black soil region of Northeast China, comprising the following steps:

[0014] Ammonium molybdate, borax, zinc sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and bentonite are premixed to prevent clumping. Then, urea, urea-formaldehyde, monoammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate, which have been crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve, are uniformly mixed. Subsequently, seaweed extract, ammonium humate, potassium humate, and polyvinyl alcohol binder are added. The mixture is then granulated using a rotary drum granulator, with the particle size controlled at 2.5–3.5 mm. The granules are then dried at a low temperature of 50–60°C for 40–60 minutes to reduce the moisture content to below 2%, forming a nutrient core. Palm oil is then coated onto the nutrient core as an isolation layer. Finally, a coating roller is used to uniformly add compound microbial agents and compound amino acids to the surface of the fertilizer granules, thus preparing a disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut-specific fertilizer.

[0015] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut-specific fertilizer in peanut cultivation in the cold black soil region of Northeast China. Apply 40-50 kg per mu (approximately 0.067 hectares), as a single application of base fertilizer at sowing.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows:

[0017] (1) Effectively control aflatoxin contamination and improve crop resistance. The compound microbial agent added in this invention is based on the ARC bio-coupling technology of Academician Li Peiwu's team at the Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, which can effectively curb the production of aflatoxin from the source. Its mechanism of action is to specifically target and regulate the soil microbial community, significantly reducing the abundance of aflatoxin-producing bacteria in the field soil. This is of great significance for ensuring the safety of edible oil crops and reducing post-harvest losses caused by excessive toxins. In particular, it solves the technical bottleneck of easy toxin contamination caused by rain during the harvest season of peanuts in the cold Northeast.

[0018] (2) Increase the number of root nodules and the nitrogenase activity of root nodules. This invention introduces a combination of specific compound microbial agents, including Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus lateralis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Enterobacter ludwigii, which breaks the theory of "nodulation self-regulation" in legumes and achieves super nodulation and nitrogen fixation without relying on exogenous rhizobia, thereby increasing the number of nodules, prolonging nodulation and nitrogen fixation time, and improving nitrogenase activity.

[0019] (3) Enhance crop resistance to stress, increase peanut yield, improve product quality, and achieve green yield increase. This invention integrates macronutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), micronutrients (molybdenum, boron, zinc, calcium), and organic active ingredients such as seaweed extract and potassium humate to meet the nutritional needs of peanuts throughout their entire growth period. Among them, molybdenum fertilizer, as a key component of nitrogenase in rhizobia, can significantly improve nitrogen fixation efficiency. Combined with slow-release technology and organic components, it effectively delays nutrient release, reduces nutrient loss and fixation, and effectively improves fertilizer utilization. The added seaweed extract, ammonium humate, potassium humate, and specific microbial agents work synergistically to significantly enhance the cold and drought resistance of peanut plants, effectively prevent growth retardation caused by low-temperature damage, and ensure uniform and robust seedlings.

[0020] (4) Regulating the balance of soil and rhizosphere microecology, improving soil aggregate structure, enhancing soil fertility, reducing fertilizer application, and lowering agricultural non-point source pollution. This invention effectively regulates the rhizosphere microbial community structure by adding compound microbial agents and organic active substances such as potassium humate and seaweed extract, promoting the formation of dominant beneficial microorganisms and inhibiting the reproduction of soil-borne pathogens. Combined with the organic-inorganic design, it significantly promotes the formation of water-stable soil aggregate structure, enhances water and fertilizer retention capacity, thereby reducing fertilizer application and lowering the risk of agricultural non-point source pollution. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to specific embodiments, but it is not limited thereto.

[0022] A disease-resistant, nitrogen-fixing peanut fertilizer suitable for the cold, black soil region of Northeast China, comprising, by weight: 10-20 parts urea, 5-12 parts urea-formaldehyde, 10-20 parts monoammonium phosphate, 10-20 parts potassium sulfate, 2-8 parts calcium magnesium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.5-1.0 parts borax, 0.5-1.0 parts zinc sulfate, 2-5 parts ammonium humate, 2-5 parts potassium humate, 5-15 parts seaweed extract, 1-5 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 10-20 parts palm oil, 10-20 parts compound microbial inoculant, 10-20 parts compound amino acids, and 5-10 parts bentonite. The compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCTCC NO: M 20241295, Bacillus laterosporus brevis CCTCC NO: M 20242118, Bacillus mucilaginosus CCTCC NO: M 20231817, and Enterobacter ludwig's bacterium CCTCC NO: M 20231595 in a live count ratio of 1:1:5:5. The preferred composition includes: 12-15 parts urea, 8-10 parts urea-formaldehyde, 15-18 parts monoammonium phosphate, 14-16 parts potassium sulfate, 3-5 parts calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2-3 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 3-4 parts ammonium humate, 3-4 parts potassium humate, 8-10 parts seaweed extract, 0.2-0.3 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.6-0.8 parts borax, 0.6-0.8 parts zinc sulfate, 12-15 parts palm oil, 13-18 parts compound microbial inoculant, 12-15 parts compound amino acids, and 6-8 parts bentonite.

[0023] The total effective viable count of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus lateralis, Bacillus mucilaginosus, and Enterobacter ludwig's bacterium described in this invention is ≥0.6 billion / g.

[0024] The urea-formaldehyde of this invention is prepared by reacting urea and formaldehyde in a molar ratio of (1.2~1.5):1, with a nitrogen release period of 80~120 days.

[0025] The degree of alcoholysis of the polyvinyl alcohol described in this invention is 87.0% to 89.0% (mol / mol), and the viscosity of its 4% aqueous solution at 20°C is 20.5 to 24.5 mPa·s.

[0026] The polyvinyl alcohol described in this invention, as a binder and slow-release carrier, helps in the granulation and shaping of fertilizers, and may slow down the nutrient release rate and prolong fertilizer effectiveness by forming a film.

[0027] The bentonite described in this invention, as a filler and water-retaining agent, can absorb and retain moisture, improve the physical structure of fertilizer particles, prevent clumping, and help retain moisture and nutrients in the soil, reducing loss.

[0028] The seaweed extract, potassium humate, and other organic components described in this invention work synergistically to significantly enhance the low-temperature resistance and early growth vitality of peanut seedlings, thus helping them cope with the cold climate of Northeast China.

[0029] The drying temperature described in this invention is 50~60℃, and the time is 40~60min, until the moisture content of the fertilizer granules is less than 2%.

[0030] The soil described in this invention is preferably sandy loam soil from the administrative region of Fuyu City, Jilin Province. Addressing the problems of high aflatoxin contamination risk, low biological nitrogen fixation efficiency, significant continuous cropping obstacles, and high dependence on chemical fertilizers in peanut cultivation in the cold black soil region of Northeast China, this invention reduces the abundance of Aspergillus flavus-producing bacteria at the soil source, controls the biosynthesis and accumulation of aflatoxin, significantly increases the number of nodules, prolongs nodulation and nitrogen fixation time, and enhances nitrogenase activity. This solves the problems of difficulty in reducing chemical fertilizer application, high disease control costs, poor quality stability, and soil ecological degradation in traditional cultivation, achieving multiple goals of improving quality and yield, reducing costs and increasing efficiency, ensuring ecological safety, and promoting sustainable development in peanut production.

[0031] This invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut-specific fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0032] Ammonium molybdate, borax, zinc sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and bentonite are premixed to prevent clumping. Then, a mixture of urea, urea-formaldehyde, monoammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate, pulverized and passed through an 80-mesh sieve, is uniformly mixed. Subsequently, seaweed extract, ammonium humate, potassium humate, and polyvinyl alcohol binder are added. The mixture is then granulated using a rotary drum granulator, with the particle size controlled at 2.5–3.5 mm. The granules are then dried at 50–60°C for 40–60 minutes to reduce the moisture content to below 2%, forming a nutrient core. Palm oil is then coated onto the nutrient core as an isolation layer. Finally, a coating roller is used to uniformly add compound microbial agents and compound amino acids to the surface of the fertilizer granules, thus preparing a disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut-specific fertilizer.

[0033] This invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut-specific fertilizer in peanut planting in the cold black soil region of Northeast China. The application rate is 40-50 kg / mu, which can effectively control aflatoxin pollution, improve soil structure, and increase peanut yield.

[0034] The technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments thereof. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this invention, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0035] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCTCC NO: M 20241295, Bacillus laterosporus brevis CCTCC NO: M20242118, Bacillus mucilaginosus CCTCC NO: M 20231817, and Enterobacter ludwig's bacterium CCTCC NO: M 20231595 are all publicly known strains. The compositions of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCTCC NO: M 20241295, Bacillus laterosporus brevis CCTCC NO: M 20242118, Bacillus mucilaginosus CCTCC NO: M 20231817, and Enterobacter ludwig's bacterium CCTCC NO: M20231595 are all deposited at the China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC).

[0036] Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments are all conventional methods.

[0037] Unless otherwise specified, all materials and reagents used in the following examples are commercially available.

[0038] <Example 1>

[0039] A disease-resistant, nitrogen-fixing peanut fertilizer suitable for the cold, black soil region of Northeast China:

[0040] The formula consists of 14 parts urea, 10 parts urea-formaldehyde, 15 parts monoammonium phosphate, 15 parts potassium sulfate, 4 parts calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts ammonium humate, 4 parts potassium humate, 10 parts seaweed extract, 0.3 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.8 parts borax, 0.8 parts zinc sulfate, 15 parts palm oil, 15 parts compound microbial agent, 15 parts compound amino acids (proline:glycine:arginine = 1:1:1), and 8 parts bentonite. The compound microbial agent is composed of *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* CCTCC NO: M 20241295, *Bacillus laterosporus* CCTCC NO: M 20242118, *Bacillus mucilaginosus* CCTCC NO: M 20231817, and *Enterobacter ludwig's bacterium* CCTCC NO: M20231595 in a viable count ratio of 1:1:5:5, with a total effective viable count ≥ 0.6 billion / g.

[0041] Preparation method:

[0042] Step 1: Premix ammonium molybdate, borax, zinc sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and bentonite to prevent clumping, then mix evenly with urea, urea formaldehyde, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate that have been crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0043] Step 2: Then add seaweed extract, ammonium humate, potassium humate and polyvinyl alcohol binder, granulate by a rotary drum granulator, control the particle size to 2.5-3.5 mm, and dry at a low temperature of 50-60℃ for 40-60 min to reduce the moisture content of the particles to below 2% to form a nutrient core.

[0044] Step 3: Coat the nutrient core with palm oil as an insulating layer.

[0045] Step 4: Finally, a coating roller is used to evenly add the compound microbial agent and compound amino acids to the surface of the fertilizer granules to obtain a disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut fertilizer.

[0046] <Example 2>

[0047] A disease-resistant, nitrogen-fixing peanut fertilizer suitable for the cold, black soil region of Northeast China:

[0048] The formula consists of 11 parts urea, 8 parts urea-formaldehyde, 13 parts monoammonium phosphate, 12 parts potassium sulfate, 5 parts calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 2 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts ammonium humate, 4 parts potassium humate, 8 parts seaweed extract, 0.2 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.6 parts borax, 0.6 parts zinc sulfate, 12 parts palm oil, 12 parts compound microbial inoculant, 12 parts compound amino acids (proline:glycine:arginine = 1:1:1), and 6 parts bentonite. The compound microbial inoculant is composed of *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* CCTCC NO: M 20241295, *Bacillus laterosporus* CCTCC NO: M20242118, *Bacillus mucilaginosus* CCTCC NO: M 20231817, and *Enterobacter ludwig's bacterium* CCTCC NO: M 20231595 in a viable count ratio of 1:1:5:5, with a total effective viable count ≥ 0.6 billion / g.

[0049] Preparation method:

[0050] Step 1: Premix ammonium molybdate, borax, zinc sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and bentonite to prevent clumping, then mix evenly with urea, urea formaldehyde, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate that have been crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0051] Step 2: Then add seaweed extract, ammonium humate, potassium humate and polyvinyl alcohol binder, granulate by a rotary drum granulator, control the particle size to 2.5-3.5 mm, and dry at a low temperature of 50-60℃ for 40-60 min to reduce the moisture content of the particles to below 2% to form a nutrient core.

[0052] Step 3: Coat the nutrient core with palm oil as an insulating layer.

[0053] Step 4: Finally, a coating roller is used to evenly add the compound microbial agent and compound amino acids to the surface of the fertilizer granules to obtain a disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut fertilizer.

[0054] <Example 3>

[0055] A disease-resistant, nitrogen-fixing peanut fertilizer suitable for the cold, black soil region of Northeast China:

[0056] The formula consists of 18 parts urea, 11 parts urea-formaldehyde, 18 parts monoammonium phosphate, 14 parts potassium sulfate, 9 parts calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 4 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 4 parts ammonium humate, 9 parts potassium humate, 13 parts seaweed extract, 0.4 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.8 parts borax, 0.8 parts zinc sulfate, 16 parts palm oil, 18 parts compound microbial inoculant, 18 parts compound amino acids (proline:glycine:arginine = 1:1:1), and 8 parts bentonite. The compound microbial inoculant is composed of *Bacillus amyloliquefaciens* CCTCC NO: M 20241295, *Bacillus laterosporus* CCTCC NO: M 20242118, *Bacillus mucilaginosus* CCTCC NO: M 20231817, and *Enterobacter ludwig's bacterium* CCTCC NO: M20231595 in a viable count ratio of 1:1:5:5, with a total effective viable count ≥ 0.6 billion / g.

[0057] Preparation method:

[0058] Step 1: Premix ammonium molybdate, borax, zinc sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and bentonite to prevent clumping, and then mix them evenly with a mixture of urea, urea formaldehyde, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate that has been crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0059] Step 2: Then add seaweed extract, ammonium humate, potassium humate and polyvinyl alcohol binder, granulate by a rotary drum granulator, control the particle size to 2.5-3.5 mm, and dry at a low temperature of 50-60℃ for 40-60 min to reduce the moisture content of the particles to below 2% to form a nutrient core.

[0060] Step 3: Coat the nutrient core with palm oil as an insulating layer.

[0061] Step 4: Finally, a coating roller is used to evenly add the compound microbial agent and compound amino acids to the surface of the fertilizer granules to obtain a disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut fertilizer.

[0062] <Comparative Example 1>

[0063] A compound fertilizer differs from Example 1 only in that the addition of compound microbial agents is completely omitted in step four of the preparation process, that is, no compound microbial agents are used, and only compound amino acids are uniformly added to the surface of the fertilizer particles.

[0064] Urea 14 parts, urea-formaldehyde 10 parts, monoammonium phosphate 15 parts, potassium sulfate 15 parts, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 4 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 3 parts, ammonium humate 3 parts, potassium humate 4 parts, seaweed extract 10 parts, ammonium molybdate 0.3 parts, borax 0.8 parts, zinc sulfate 0.8 parts, palm oil 15 parts, compound amino acids 15 parts (proline:glycine:arginine = 1:1:1), bentonite 8 parts.

[0065] The preparation method is as follows:

[0066] Step 1: Same as Example 1.

[0067] Step 2: Same as Example 1.

[0068] Step 3: Same as Example 1.

[0069] Step 4: Finally, use a coating roller to evenly add the compound amino acids to the surface of the fertilizer granules.

[0070] <Comparative Example 2>

[0071] A compound microbial fertilizer differs from Example 1 only in that the compound microbial agent contains only Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus lateralis, and does not contain Bacillus mucilaginosus or Enterobacter ludwig's bacterium.

[0072] The raw materials are: 14 parts urea, 10 parts urea-formaldehyde, 15 parts monoammonium phosphate, 15 parts potassium sulfate, 4 parts calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts ammonium humate, 4 parts potassium humate, 10 parts seaweed extract, 0.3 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.8 parts borax, 0.8 parts zinc sulfate, 15 parts palm oil, 15 parts compound microbial agent, 15 parts compound amino acids (proline:glycine:arginine = 1:1:1), and 8 parts bentonite. The compound microbial agent is composed of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCTCC NO: M 20241295 and Bacillus laterosporus brevis CCTCC NO: M 20242118, mixed at a 1:1 ratio of viable bacteria, with a total effective viable bacteria count ≥ 0.6 billion / g.

[0073] The preparation method is as follows:

[0074] Step 1: Same as Example 1.

[0075] Step 2: Same as Example 1.

[0076] Step 3: Same as Example 1.

[0077] Step 4: Finally, use a coating roller to evenly add the compound microbial agent containing only Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus brevis laterosporus and compound amino acids to the surface of the fertilizer granules.

[0078] <Comparative Example 3>

[0079] A compound microbial fertilizer differs from Example 1 only in that the compound microbial agent contains only Bacillus mucilaginosus and Enterobacter ludwig's enterobacter, and does not contain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens or Bacillus lateralis.

[0080] The raw materials are: 14 parts urea, 10 parts urea-formaldehyde, 15 parts monoammonium phosphate, 15 parts potassium sulfate, 4 parts calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts ammonium humate, 4 parts potassium humate, 10 parts seaweed extract, 0.3 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.8 parts borax, 0.8 parts zinc sulfate, 15 parts palm oil, 15 parts compound microbial agent, 15 parts compound amino acids (proline:glycine:arginine = 1:1:1), and 8 parts bentonite. The compound microbial agent is a 1:1 mixture of Bacillus mucilaginosus (CCTCC NO: M 20231817) and Enterobacter ludwig's bacterium (CCTCC NO: M 20231595) with a total effective viable count ≥ 0.6 billion / g.

[0081] The preparation method is as follows:

[0082] Step 1: Same as Example 1.

[0083] Step 2: Same as Example 1.

[0084] Step 3: Same as Example 1.

[0085] Step 4: Finally, use a coating roller to evenly add the compound microbial agent containing only Bacillus mucilaginosus and Enterobacter ludwig's spp. and compound amino acids to the surface of the fertilizer granules.

[0086] <Comparative Example 4>

[0087] A compound microbial fertilizer differs from Example 1 only in that it does not contain trace elements (molybdenum, boron, zinc, calcium), that is, it directly discards ammonium molybdate, borax, and zinc sulfate in step one.

[0088] The raw materials are 14 parts urea, 10 parts urea-formaldehyde, 15 parts monoammonium phosphate, 15 parts potassium sulfate, 4 parts calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts ammonium humate, 4 parts potassium humate, 10 parts seaweed extract, 15 parts palm oil, 15 parts compound microbial agent, 15 parts compound amino acids (proline:glycine:arginine = 1:1:1), and 8 parts bentonite. The compound microbial agent is the same as in Example 1.

[0089] The preparation method is as follows:

[0090] Step 1: Mix the urea, urea-formaldehyde, monoammonium phosphate, and potassium sulfate macro-elements evenly after crushing and passing through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0091] Step 2: Same as Example 1.

[0092] Step 3: Same as Example 1.

[0093] Step 4: Same as Example 1.

[0094] <Comparative Example 5>

[0095] A compound microbial fertilizer differs from Example 1 only in that it does not contain the organic active substances potassium humate, seaweed extract, and compound amino acids, that is, it directly discards ammonium humate, potassium humate, seaweed extract in step two, and compound amino acids in step four.

[0096] The raw materials are: 14 parts urea, 10 parts urea-formaldehyde, 15 parts monoammonium phosphate, 15 parts potassium sulfate, 4 parts calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 0.3 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.8 parts borax, 0.8 parts zinc sulfate, 15 parts palm oil, 15 parts compound microbial agent, 15 parts compound amino acids (proline:glycine:arginine = 1:1:1), and 8 parts bentonite. The compound microbial agent is the same as in Example 1.

[0097] Preparation method:

[0098] Step 1: Same as Example 1.

[0099] Step 2: Then add polyvinyl alcohol binder, granulate using a rotary drum granulator, control the particle size to 2.5-3.5 mm, and dry at a low temperature of 50-60℃ for 40-60 min to reduce the moisture content of the particles to below 2% to form a nutrient core;

[0100] Step 3: Same as Example 1.

[0101] Step 4: Finally, use a coating roller to evenly add the compound microbial agent to the surface of the fertilizer granules.

[0102] <Comparative Example 6>

[0103] A compound microbial fertilizer differs from Example 1 only in that the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium ratio is changed; this fertilizer has a high nitrogen ratio.

[0104] The raw materials are: 25 parts urea, 10 parts urea-formaldehyde, 10 parts monoammonium phosphate, 10 parts potassium sulfate, 8 parts calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 4 parts ammonium humate, 4 parts potassium humate, 10 parts seaweed extract, 0.3 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.8 parts borax, 0.8 parts zinc sulfate, 15 parts palm oil, 15 parts compound microbial agent, 15 parts compound amino acids (proline:glycine:arginine = 1:1:1), and 8 parts bentonite. The compound microbial agent is the same as in Example 1.

[0105] Preparation method:

[0106] Step 1: Same as Example 1.

[0107] Step 2: Same as Example 1.

[0108] Step 3: Same as Example 1.

[0109] Step 4: Same as Example 1.

[0110] <Comparative Example 7>

[0111] A common microbial fertilizer differs from Example 1 only in that it uses common microbial strains Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis instead of compound microbial agents.

[0112] The raw materials are: 14 parts urea, 10 parts urea-formaldehyde, 15 parts monoammonium phosphate, 15 parts potassium sulfate, 4 parts calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 3 parts polyvinyl alcohol, 3 parts ammonium humate, 4 parts potassium humate, 10 parts seaweed extract, 0.3 parts ammonium molybdate, 0.8 parts borax, 0.8 parts zinc sulfate, 15 parts palm oil, 15 parts compound microbial inoculant, 15 parts compound amino acids (proline:glycine:arginine = 1:1:1), and 8 parts bentonite. The compound microbial inoculant is a 1:1 mixture of Bacillus subtilis CCTCC AB 130001 and Bacillus licheniformis CCTCC AB2010437, with a total effective viable count ≥ 0.6 billion / g.

[0113] Preparation method:

[0114] Step 1: Same as Example 1.

[0115] Step 2: Same as Example 1.

[0116] Step 3: Same as Example 1.

[0117] Step 4: Same as in Example 1. Finally, a coating roller is used to evenly add the compound microbial agent (Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis) and compound amino acids to the surface of the fertilizer granules to obtain a disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut fertilizer.

[0118] <Comparative Example 8>

[0119] A commercially available peanut compound fertilizer produced by Yuntianhua Company (N-P2O5-K2O = 18:10:12, and total nutrients ≥40%) was used.

[0120] The raw materials are: 25 parts urea, 10 parts urea-formaldehyde, 16 parts monoammonium phosphate, 24 parts potassium sulfate, and 15 parts bentonite.

[0121] The preparation method is as follows: accurately weigh the raw materials according to the mass fraction, mix urea, urea-formaldehyde, monoammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate and bentonite evenly, and then form them into granules with a particle size of 3 mm through a disc granulator to obtain ordinary compound fertilizer.

[0122] <Test Experiment>

[0123] Sandy loam soil from the administrative region of Fuyu City, Jilin Province (soil physicochemical properties: pH 6.8, organic matter 12.04 g / kg, available nitrogen 92.10 mg / kg, available phosphorus 10.22 mg / kg, available potassium 125.85 mg / kg) was selected.

[0124] The effects of fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 on the growth of peanut (Hypericum per spp.) throughout its entire growth period were tested. The experimental area was divided into groups of 1 mu (approximately 0.067 hectares) each. Each group was treated with the fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5, respectively. Each group was designated as Example 1, Example 2, Example 3, and Comparative Examples 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. The fertilizer application rate was 50 kg / mu. The experiment was conducted from April 2024 to September 2025. Soil physicochemical properties and peanut yield and quality indicators were measured. Nitrogenase activity was determined using the acetylene reduction method, with specific methods referring to "Methods and Applications for Determination of Soil Microbial Biomass".

[0125] Table 1. Effects of different treatments on the number of root nodules during the peanut pod-expanding stage.

[0126] deal with Number of root nodules per plant Nodule weight (g) Nitrogenase activity (g) Example 1 189.33 ± 21.61a 0.73 ± 0.02a 5.65 ± 0.61a Example 2 182.56 ± 12.34ab 0.62 ± 0.02ab 5.21 ± 0.08ab Example 3 166.32 ± 2.26b 0.61 ± 0.12ab 5.02 ± 0.17ab Comparative Example 1 120.10 ± 5.12d 0.37 ± 0.03d 3.21 ± 0.09d Comparative Example 2 132.12 ± 17.16d 0.54 ± 0.12bc 4.34 ± 0.21c Comparative Example 3 142.65 ± 24.62cd 0.53 ± 0.02c 4.78 ± 1.10bc Comparative Example 4 122.62 ± 0.62d 0.40 ± 0.05d 3.01 ± 0.45d Comparative Example 5 128.37 ± 1.12d 0.52 ± 0.02c 4.12 ± 0.31c Comparative Example 6 162.17 ± 13.02c 0.59 ± 0.15ab 4.98 ± 0.02b Comparative Example 7 130.10 ± 5.97d 0.48 ± 0.02c 4.56 ± 0.19bc Comparative Example 8 131.50 ± 3.61d 0.42 ± 0.02d 3.38 ± 0.34d

[0127] The results showed that the disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut fertilizer provided by this invention can effectively promote the formation and development of peanut root nodules and significantly enhance its biological nitrogen fixation capacity.

[0128] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on peanut agronomic traits and yield

[0129] deal with Plant height (cm) Fresh weight of above-ground parts (g) Fresh weight of underground roots (g) Chlorophyll content Yield (kg / mu) Example 1 38.33±1.21 a 120.73±5.62a 4.15±0.32a 49.8±1.23a 658.21±23.56 Example 2 36.56±2.14ab 116.62±6.10ab 3.68±0.28ab 49.2±3.02a 640.20±32.19ab Example 3 36.32±3.23ab 124.61±3.11a 4.42±0.13a 48.0±2.38ab 647.52±21.00a Comparative Example 1 30.10±1.42d 90.33±6.55d 3.21±0.19c 38.9±3.21d 570.33±12.98d Comparative Example 2 32.12±1.16c 98.34±4.62cd 3.74±0.23b 42.1±1.23c 590.21±12.56c Comparative Example 3 33.65±2.02bc 99.53±3.42bc 3.88±0.11ab 47.8±3.21ab 610.00±9.89b Comparative Example 4 33.17±3.12bc 95.60±3.65d 3.21±0.10c 45.1±0.9bc 562.56±10.87d Comparative Example 5 30.80±2.00cd 97.00±5.00cd 3.45±0.50bc 47.2±1.00ab 585.00±6.10c Comparative Example 6 34.80±2.00b 110.73±4.00b 4.12±0.15a 47.9±2.50ab 627.00±15.90ab Comparative Example 7 30.60±1.90d 96.50±5.00cd 3.40±0.50bc 47.0±1.00ab 582.00±2.30c Comparative Example 8 30.50±1.91d 96.42±5.02cd 3.38±0.54bc 46.8±0.78ab 580.14±2.00c

[0130] The results showed that the disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut-specific fertilizer provided by this invention can significantly improve peanut agronomic traits and increase peanut yield.

[0131] Table 3. Effects of different treatments on the control of peanut fruit rot.

[0132] deal with Fruit fullness rate (%) Total number of fruits per plant (pieces) Number of rotten fruits per plant (pieces) Disease incidence rate per plant (%) Example 1 98.34 ± 3.89a 29.89 ± 1.23a 1.12 ± 0.67d 3.75 ± 0.07e Example 2 98.32 ± 4.00a 28.72 ± 1.67a 1.32 ± 0.10d 4.60 ± 0.23e Example 3 98.04 ± 1.23a 23.21 ± 0.90b 2.45 ± 0.75cd 10.56 ±1.17d Comparative Example 1 94.28 ± 3.78b 20.21 ± 3.89c 3.90 ± 0.34a 19.30 ± 2.00a Comparative Example 2 95.48 ± 0.98b 21.56 ± 1.78bc 2.18 ± 0.90cd 10.11 ± 0.07d Comparative Example 3 95.20 ± 11.20b 20.45 ± 1.45c 2.13 ± 1.22cd 10.42 ± 0.43d Comparative Example 4 95.18 ± 2.65b 23.89 ± 5.43b 2.92 ± 0.01bc 12.22 ± 0.56c Comparative Example 5 95.63±3.50b 21.20±2.00c 3.20±0.80ab 15.09 ± 1.67b Comparative Example 6 96.34±2.00b 24.50±1.50b 2.60±0.70bc 10.61±2.08d Comparative Example 7 85.61±2.81b 20.78±0.89c 3.40±0.90a 16.27± 0.37b Comparative Example 8 95.08 ± 8.23b 20.78 ± 0.89c 3.67 ± 0.89a 17.66±0.22ab

[0133] The results showed that, compared with the comparative example, the application of the disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing peanut-specific fertilizer prepared in the embodiments of the present invention can significantly increase peanut yield and effectively enhance its disease resistance.

[0134] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to implement them better. They should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of the present invention are within the scope of protection of the present invention. The parts not described in detail are prior art.

Claims

1. A disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing type peanut special fertilizer suitable for the northeast cold black soil region, characterized in that, By weight parts include: urea 10-20 parts, urea formaldehyde 5-12 parts, monoammonium phosphate 10-20 parts, potassium sulfate 10-20 parts, calcium magnesium phosphate 2-8 parts, ammonium molybdate 0.1-0.5 parts, borax 0.5-1.0 parts, zinc sulfate 0.5-1.0 parts, ammonium humate 2-5 parts, potassium humate 2-5 parts, seaweed extract 5-15 parts, polyvinyl alcohol 1-5 parts, palm oil 10-20 parts, compound microbial agent 10-20 parts, compound amino acid 10-20 parts, bentonite 5-10 parts; The compound microbial agent is high-concentration live bacteria powder, and specifically consists of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCTCC NO: M20241295, Brevibacillus paraborealis CCTCC NO: M20242118, Bacillus mycoides CCTCC NO: M20231817 and Enterobacter ludwigii CCTCC NO: M20231595, and the effective live bacteria number is greater than or equal to 0.6 billion / g.

2. The disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing special peanut fertilizer suitable for the black soil region in the northeast cold area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The urea formaldehyde is prepared by reacting urea with formaldehyde at a molar ratio of (1.2-1.5):1, and the nitrogen release period is 80-120 days.

3. The disease-resistant and nitrogen-fixing type peanut special fertilizer suitable for the black soil region in the northeast cold area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The alcoholysis degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 87.0%-89.0% (mol / mol), and the viscosity of a 4% aqueous solution of the polyvinyl alcohol at 20 DEG C is 20.5-24.5 mPa s.

4. The disease-resistant and nitrogen-fixing type peanut special fertilizer suitable for the black soil region in the northeast cold area according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compound amino acid consists of proline, glycine and arginine.

5. The preparation method of the disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing type peanut special fertilizer suitable for the black soil region in the northeast cold area according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: according to the above weight parts, the ammonium molybdate, borax, zinc sulfate, calcium magnesium phosphate and bentonite are premixed to prevent caking, and then the urea, urea formaldehyde, monoammonium phosphate and potassium sulfate which are crushed and passed through an 80-mesh sieve are uniformly mixed; subsequently, the seaweed extract, ammonium humate, potassium humate and polyvinyl alcohol binder are added, granulation is performed through a rotary drum granulator, and a nutrient core is formed; the palm oil is coated outside the nutrient core as an isolation layer; finally, the compound microbial agent and the compound amino acid are uniformly added to the surface of the fertilizer granules by using a coating drum, and a disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing type peanut special fertilizer is prepared.

6. The preparation method of the disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing type peanut special fertilizer suitable for the black soil region in the northeast cold region according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the rotary drum granulator is used for granulation, the particle size is controlled to be 2.5-3.5 mm, and low-temperature drying is performed at 50-60 DEG C for 40-60 min, so that the water content of the granules is reduced to less than 2%.

7. The application of the disease-resistant nitrogen-fixing special peanut fertilizer suitable for the black soil region in the northeast cold area according to any one of claims 1-6 in the peanut planting in the black soil region in the northeast cold area, characterized in that, 40-50 kg is applied per mu, and is applied as base fertilizer at the time of sowing. 40-50 kg is applied per mu, and is applied as base fertilizer at the time of sowing.