Open caisson structure based on relay pressurization and walking type sinking method

Abstract

The invention provides an open caisson structure based on relay pressurization and a walking type sinking method.The open caisson structure comprises an open caisson body, the open caisson body comprises a plurality of open caisson sections, a relay pressurization ring is arranged between part of every two adjacent open caisson sections, and each relay pressurization ring comprises an upper ring and a lower ring; a plurality of relay pushing devices are arranged between the upper ring and the lower ring, and the relay pushing devices are used for pushing the open caisson sections below the relay pushing devices to assist the sinking of the open caisson body and correcting the deviation of the open caisson. A plurality of relay pressurizing rings are arranged, the lower open caisson section is pushed downwards through the weight of the upper open caisson section and the friction force of the soil body, and walking type sinking of the open caisson is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of caisson foundation technology, specifically to a caisson structure based on relay pressurization and a step-by-step sinking method. Background Technology

[0002] A caisson is a cylindrical structure that is lowered to the design elevation by excavating soil inside and allowing it to sink under its own weight to overcome the frictional resistance of the caisson walls. The bottom is then sealed with concrete, and the caisson cavity is filled, making it the foundation for bridge piers or other structures. Caissons have advantages such as large burial depth, strong integrity, good stability, high bearing capacity, simple construction, and minimal disturbance to the surrounding soil, and are therefore widely used in many fields of civil engineering.

[0003] In the actual construction of caissons, to avoid the risk of difficulty in sinking, it is necessary to ensure that the cutting edge is at a relatively low burial depth. However, due to the reduced burial depth, sand inrush at the bottom of the caisson is more likely to occur, causing significant disturbance to the surrounding strata and thus affecting construction. On the other hand, ensuring the burial depth of the cutting edge often leads to difficulty in sinking due to the influence of end resistance and side resistance. Although technologies such as air curtains and mud sleeves can reduce the influence of side resistance to a certain extent, they still cannot achieve efficient sinking of the caisson.

[0004] In order to effectively balance the contradiction between caisson sinking and soil inrush, it is urgent to develop a structure and equipment that can sink smoothly under high cutting edge burial depth and accurately control the mud surface, as well as a matching control system, to help the caisson sink quickly, efficiently and safely. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by providing a caisson structure based on relay pressurization and a step-by-step sinking method. By setting up multiple relay pressurization rings, the weight of the upper caisson segment and the friction of the soil are used to push the lower caisson segment downward, thereby achieving the step-by-step sinking of the caisson.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a caisson structure based on relay pressurization, comprising a caisson body, which includes multiple caisson segments. A relay pressurization ring is provided between some adjacent caisson segments. The relay pressurization ring includes an upper ring and a lower ring. Multiple relay jacking devices are provided between the upper ring and the lower ring. The multiple relay jacking devices are used to jack the caisson segments below them to assist the sinking of the caisson body and to correct the caisson's deviation.

[0007] In some embodiments, the upper ring includes an upper side ring and a top ring, the lower ring includes a lower side ring and a bottom ring, the upper side ring and the lower side ring are fitted together and sleeved, the top ring and the bottom ring are arranged in parallel, and the relay pushing device is installed on the bottom ring.

[0008] In some embodiments, a female limiting member is provided on the bottom ring, and a male limiting member is provided on the top ring. The female limiting member and the male limiting member are movably connected. When the female limiting member and the male limiting member are fully connected, the lower ring abuts against the top ring or the upper ring abuts against the bottom ring.

[0009] In some embodiments, the relay pushing device is detachably connected to the bottom ring, and when the female limiting member and the female limiting member are fully inserted, the relay pushing device does not contact the top ring.

[0010] In some embodiments, when the relay pushing device pushes to the maximum distance, the female limiting member and the female limiting member are partially inserted.

[0011] In some embodiments, hollow connecting rods are pre-embedded in the caisson segments, and steel strands are threaded through the hollow connecting rods. The steel strands extend to the top of the caisson segment and are fixed with bolts. Pre-drilled holes are opened on the top ring and the bottom ring, and the hollow connecting rods pass through the pre-drilled holes to position the relay pressure ring.

[0012] In some embodiments, an air pipe is pre-embedded in the caisson segment, and an air hole and an air niche are provided on the well wall of the caisson segment. The air pipe is connected to the air niche, and the air niche is in communication with the air hole.

[0013] In some embodiments, a self-climbing soil-removing device is included. The self-climbing soil-removing device includes a support frame, on which a self-climbing device and a soil-removing robotic arm are mounted. The soil-removing robotic arm is used to remove soil. A track is provided on the inner wall of the caisson segment, and the self-climbing device is slidably mounted on the track.

[0014] In some embodiments, the self-climbing device includes a lower locking block, the lower locking block includes a lower telescopic rod, a climbing and pushing device is fixedly disposed on the lower locking block, an upper locking block is fixedly disposed at the top of the climbing and pushing device, the upper locking block includes an upper telescopic rod, and a plurality of fixing holes corresponding to the lower telescopic rod and the upper telescopic rod are provided on the track.

[0015] On the other hand, the present invention provides a method for the step-by-step sinking of a caisson structure based on relay pressurization, including a method for coordinated control of relay pressurization and soil extraction: During the soil removal and sinking process, the factors affecting settlement are acquired in real time, and the functional relationship between the amount of stratum settlement and the factors affecting settlement is updated in real time. The factors affecting settlement include at least the amount of soil removed, the soil removal speed, the mud surface elevation in the caisson, the caisson inclination angle, the caisson sinking depth, the caisson outer diameter, and the cutting edge burial depth. Calculate the subsidence amount Z and subsidence rate ΔZ based on the aforementioned functional relationship, and compare the subsidence amount Z and subsidence rate ΔZ with the subsidence amount warning value Z1 and the subsidence rate warning value ΔZ1, respectively. If Z < Z1 and ΔZ < ΔZ1, continue to take soil and sink; If Z < Z1 and ΔZ ≥ ΔZ1, stop taking soil, and take the construction parameters at this time as the critical construction parameters. Use the relay jacking device to perform static jacking operation, increase the embedment depth of the cutting edge, and recalculate ΔZ through the function relationship obtained previously. If Z < Z1 and ΔZ < ΔZ1, adjust the construction parameters in the direction of reducing the settlement trend of the surrounding strata, and continue to take soil and sink; If Z ≥ Z1, stop taking soil, reinforce the surrounding strata, and then restart taking soil and sinking.

[0016] In some embodiments, if Z < Z1 and ΔZ < ΔZ1, continue to take soil and sink, and dynamically adjust each construction parameter to reduce the development of surrounding soil settlement.

[0017] In some embodiments, the function relationship is , where z is the detected amount of formation settlement, Q is the amount of soil taken, v is the soil-taking speed, h is the mud surface elevation in the open caisson, ɑ is the inclination angle of the open caisson, H is the sinking depth of the open caisson, D is the outer diameter of the open caisson, and L is the embedment depth of the cutting edge; By performing data fitting and inversion on the continuously obtained settlement influencing factors and the detected amount of formation settlement z, the function relationship between the real-time formation settlement amount and the settlement influencing factors can be obtained.

[0018] In some embodiments, the method for the walking-type sinking of the open caisson structure includes: Construct the first section of the open caisson segment; Install a relay pressure ring on the first section of the open caisson segment; Construct the second section of the open caisson segment, and install a self-climbing soil-taking device on the second section of the open caisson segment; Use the self-climbing soil-taking device to take soil and sink. During the process of taking soil and sinking, adopt a relay pressure and soil-taking collaborative control method to adjust the construction parameters; After sinking to a certain depth, perform caisson extension, construct the next section of the open caisson segment until sinking to the design elevation.

[0019] In some embodiments, during the process of taking soil and sinking, if the sinking speed of the open caisson segment is less than the preset minimum sinking speed, use the relay pressure ring to jack the open caisson segment below it to assist the open caisson in sinking.

[0020] In some embodiments, during the process of taking soil and sinking, if the sinking speed of the open caisson segment is still less than the preset minimum sinking speed after using the relay pressure ring to jack the open caisson segment below it, inflate the air cavity through the air pipe to form an air curtain between the outer wall of the open caisson and the soil to assist the open caisson in sinking.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. This invention utilizes multiple intermediate pressure rings to push the lower caisson segment downwards using the weight of the upper caisson segment and the friction of the soil, achieving a step-by-step sinking of the caisson. This segmented pushing method effectively overcomes end resistance and side friction during the sinking process, avoids the risks associated with single-stage sinking, and improves sinking efficiency. Simultaneously, the intermediate pressure rings can be activated as needed to assist in the continued sinking of the caisson when soil extraction is insufficient, minimizing the impact on the surrounding environment.

[0022] 2. This invention employs hollow connecting rods and steel strands to tightly connect the relay pressure ring to the caisson segments, forming an integral structure. The hollow connecting rods are pre-embedded in the caisson segments, tied to the internal reinforcing bars, and fixed to the top after passing through multiple segments with steel strands. This effectively transfers vertical and lateral loads, improves the integrity and shear resistance between the relay pressure ring and the caisson segments, prevents relative displacement and deformation, and ensures structural stability during the sinking process.

[0023] 3. The multiple relay jacking devices of the present invention can independently control the jacking amount and jacking direction, and combined with the monitoring data of the inclinometer, adjust the inclination angle of the caisson in real time to achieve automatic correction.

[0024] 4. This invention uses a relay pressurization and soil extraction coordinated control method to monitor the ground settlement, settlement rate, and construction parameters (such as soil extraction volume, soil extraction speed, mud surface elevation, etc.) in real time, and dynamically adjust the construction strategy. When the settlement approaches the warning value, soil extraction can be stopped and switched to static pressure jacking mode to reduce the disturbance of soil extraction to the surrounding soil.

[0025] 5. The self-climbing soil extraction equipment of this invention can freely climb along the track and automatically rise as the caisson sinks, realizing continuous soil extraction operations. Its self-climbing device uses locking blocks and fixing holes in conjunction, achieving step-by-step climbing through a climbing jacking device, making operation simple and positioning accurate. This equipment works in conjunction with the relay pressure ring to form an intelligent sinking system, reducing manual intervention and improving the level of construction automation.

[0026] 6. The plug-in design of the female limiting member and the female limiting member of the present invention not only facilitates installation and positioning, but also improves the stress performance of the relay pressure ring and avoids deformation.

[0027] 7. The relay jacking device of the present invention is detachable, which facilitates recycling and reuse, and reduces construction costs. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of the caisson body of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a perspective view of the caisson body of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the steel ring for the cutting edge of the present invention; Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first caisson segment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the relay pressurization ring in this invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram showing the cooperation between the female limiting member and the child limiting member of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the upper and lower rings of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the subsequent caisson segments of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the self-climbing soil extraction device of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the self-climbing device of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a flowchart of the relay pressurization and soil extraction coordinated control method in this invention; Figure 12 This is a logic diagram of the automatic correction system for caissons according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure label: Caisson segment 1; First caisson segment 11; Cutting edge steel ring 111; Connecting steel bar 112; Hollow connecting rod 113; Subsequent caisson segment 12; Air niche 121; Track 122; Steel strand 13; 2. Relay pressurization ring; 21. Upper side ring 211; 212. Top ring 212; Sub-limiting component 213; 22. Lower ring 22; Lower side ring 221; Bottom ring 222; Female limiting component 223; Reserved hole 23; Relay pushing device 24; 3. Self-climbing soil removal equipment; 31. Support frame; 32. Self-climbing device; 321. Lower locking block; 321. Lower telescopic rod; 322. Climbing and pushing device; 323. Upper locking block; 323. Upper telescopic rod; 33. Soil removal mechanical arm. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the technical problems, technical solutions, and beneficial effects to be solved by this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a caisson structure based on relay pressurization, including a caisson body, the caisson body including multiple caisson segments 1, the multiple caisson segments 1 including a first caisson segment 11 and multiple subsequent caisson segments 12, a relay pressurization ring 2 is provided between some adjacent two caisson segments 1, a track 122 is provided in the caisson body, and a self-climbing soil removal device 3 is slidably provided on the track 122.

[0032] Among them, the relay pressure ring 2 has a jacking function, which can use the weight of the caisson segment 1 above it and the friction between the caisson segment 1 above it and the soil to push the caisson segment 1 below it downward, thereby realizing the step-by-step sinking; the self-climbing soil removal equipment 3 can move freely along the height direction of the caisson body, rise as the caisson body sinks and perform soil removal.

[0033] like Figure 2 As shown, a cutting edge steel ring 111 is installed at the bottom of the first caisson segment 11, and a first relay pressure ring 2 is installed at the top of the first caisson segment 11.

[0034] like Figure 3 As shown, the cutting edge steel ring 111 is a ring-shaped structure made of steel plate with a thickness of 3-5cm. The inner diameter of the cutting edge steel ring 111 is consistent with the outer diameter of the bottom of the first caisson segment 11. The cutting edge steel ring 111 can be precisely overlapped on the outside of the first caisson segment 11. The cutting edge steel ring 111 extends about 30cm from the lower end of the first caisson segment 11. A connecting steel bar 112 is welded to the inner side of the cutting edge steel ring 111. When the first caisson segment 111 is poured, the connecting steel bar 112 is poured in together, thus connecting the cutting edge steel ring 111 and the first caisson segment 11 as one unit. The cutting edge steel ring 111 can ensure the caisson's embedment depth and also help overcome end resistance.

[0035] like Figure 5 As shown, the relay pressurization ring 2 includes an upper ring 21 and a lower ring 22. Multiple relay jacking devices 24 are arranged between the upper ring 21 and the lower ring 22. The multiple relay jacking devices 24 are used to jack the caisson segment 1 below it to assist the sinking of the caisson body and to correct the deviation of the caisson.

[0036] like Figure 7 As shown, the upper ring 21 includes an upper side ring 211 and a top ring 212, and the lower ring 22 includes a lower side ring 221 and a bottom ring 222. The diameter of the upper side ring 211 is slightly smaller than the diameter of the lower side ring 221. The upper side ring 211 and the lower side ring 221 are fitted together and sleeved, that is, the upper ring 21 is inserted into the lower ring 22. The top ring 212 and the bottom ring 222 are arranged in parallel. The relay pushing device 24 is installed on the bottom ring 222.

[0037] like Figure 6 As shown, a female limiting member 223 is provided on the bottom ring 222, and a male limiting member 213 is provided on the top ring 212. The female limiting member 223 is a conical structure, and the male limiting member 213 is a block structure with a conical hole. The female limiting member 223 and the male limiting member 213 are movably inserted together. When the female limiting member 223 and the male limiting member 213 are fully inserted, the upper ring 211 contacts the bottom ring 222.

[0038] It is understandable that by setting the female limiting member 223 and the female limiting member 213, and by engaging them, the upper ring 21 can be positioned during installation. Furthermore, by setting multiple cooperating female limiting members 223 and female limiting members 213, and when the female limiting member 223 and the female limiting member 213 are fully engaged, the upper ring 211 contacts the bottom ring 222. Most of the weight of the upper structure is borne by the female limiting member 223 and the female limiting member 213, which improves the load-bearing capacity of the relay pressurization ring 2. If the female limiting member 223 and the female limiting member 213 are not set, the lower ring 221 and the upper ring 211 will directly bear the weight of the upper structure, and the lower ring 221 and the upper ring 211 are prone to deformation.

[0039] To facilitate the recovery of the relay jacking device 24, the relay jacking device 24 is detachably connected to the bottom ring 222. When the female limiting member 223 and the female limiting member 213 are fully inserted, the relay jacking device 24 does not contact the top ring 212.

[0040] Understandably, since the relay pushing device 24 does not contact the top ring 212 when the female limiting member 223 and the female limiting member 213 are fully inserted, the relay pushing device 24 can be disassembled and removed from the inside of the upper ring 21 and the lower ring 22. Furthermore, when the relay jacking device 24 pushes to its maximum distance, the female limiting member 223 and the female limiting member 213 are partially inserted. That is, within the jacking stroke of the relay jacking device 24, the female limiting member 223 and the female limiting member 213 are always positioned and inserted, ensuring the stability of the sinking direction during the jacking process and avoiding large tilting of the caisson segment 1 during sinking.

[0041] To ensure the integrity and shear resistance of the intermediate pressurization ring 2 and the caisson segment 1, such as Figure 4 As shown, a hollow connecting rod 113 is pre-embedded on the first caisson segment 11. The hollow connecting rod 113 is tied to the internal steel reinforcement of the first caisson segment 11 and is integrated with the first caisson segment 11 during the pouring of the first caisson segment 11. Figure 5 As shown, pre-drilled holes 23 are provided on both the upper ring 21 and the lower ring 22 of the relay pressurization ring 2. The hollow connecting rod 113 passes through the pre-drilled holes 23 and connects with the hollow connecting pipe of the subsequent caisson segment 12, as shown. Figure 2As shown, a steel strand 13 is installed inside the hollow connecting rod 113. One end of the steel strand 13 is fixedly embedded in the first caisson segment 11, and the other end of the steel strand 13 extends upward through multiple subsequent caisson segments 12 until it reaches the top of the caisson body. The steel strand 13 is then fixed in place by bolts at the top of the caisson body. The hollow connecting rod 113 can limit the lateral movement of the relay pressure ring 2, and the steel strand 13 can fix the relay pressure ring 2 between multiple caisson segments 1, thereby achieving the integrity and shear resistance of the relay pressure ring 2 and the caisson segments 1. When the relay pressure ring 2 needs to be pushed, the bolts at the top of the caisson body can be removed.

[0042] It should be noted that all caisson segments 1 need to be equipped with hollow connecting rods 113 to ensure that the steel strands 13 can move downwards with the lower caisson segments 1 when the intermediate pressure ring 2 is pushed. Figure 4 The example is based solely on the first caisson segment 11. The placement of the intermediate pressure ring 2 is determined according to the design scheme, and generally one intermediate pressure ring 2 can be installed every 3 to 5 caisson segments 1.

[0043] like Figure 8 As shown, air pipes are pre-embedded in the subsequent caisson segment 12, and air holes and air niches 121 are set on the well wall of the subsequent caisson segment 12. The air pipes are connected to the air niches 121, and the air niches 121 are connected to the air holes. Air can be filled into the air niches 121 through the air pipes, and the air niches 121 discharge the air to the outer wall of the subsequent caisson segment 12 and the soil through the air holes to form an air curtain, which helps to reduce the friction between the caisson body and the soil.

[0044] like Figure 8 As shown, tracks 122 are installed on the inner wall of the subsequent caisson segment 12. The tracks 122 are arranged vertically, and four tracks 122 are provided. The self-climbing soil-removing device 3 is slidably mounted on the tracks 122. Figure 9 As shown, the self-climbing soil removal device 3 includes a support 31, which is a cross beam. The four ends of the support 31 are slidably connected to the track 122. A self-climbing device 32 and a soil removal mechanical arm 33 are installed on the support 31. The self-climbing device 32 is arranged at the end of the support 31 to cooperate with the track 122 to achieve climbing. The soil removal mechanical arm 33 is used to remove soil. The soil removal mechanical arm 33 belongs to the prior art.

[0045] like Figure 10As shown, the self-climbing device 32 includes a lower locking block 321, which is U-shaped. A groove is formed on one side of the lower locking block 321. The lower locking block 321 includes multiple lower telescopic rods 3211, one end of which extends from the side wall of the groove. A climbing and pushing device 322 is fixedly installed on the lower locking block 321. An upper locking block 323 is fixedly installed at the top of the climbing and pushing device 322. The upper locking block 323 includes an upper telescopic rod 3231. Multiple fixing holes corresponding to the lower telescopic rods 3211 and 3231 are provided on the track 122. The lower telescopic rods 3211 and 3231 are driven by motors inside the lower locking block 321 and upper locking block 323, respectively.

[0046] The climbing method of the self-climbing soil extraction device 3 is as follows: When the lower telescopic rod 3211 is inserted into the corresponding fixed hole, the entire self-climbing soil extraction device 3 is fixed on the track 122. When climbing is required, the climbing jacking device 322 lifts the upper locking block 323, the upper telescopic rod 3231 of the upper locking block 323 extends and inserts into the corresponding fixed hole, the lower telescopic rod 3211 retracts, the climbing jacking device 322 resets and drives the entire self-climbing soil extraction device 3 to rise. After rising to the position, the lower telescopic rod 3211 is inserted into the corresponding fixed hole again, the upper telescopic rod 3231 retracts, thus completing one climb.

[0047] Both the aforementioned relay jacking device 24 and climbing jacking device 322 use hydraulic jacks.

[0048] This invention provides a method for the step-by-step sinking of a caisson structure based on relay pressurization, comprising: S1, Construction of the first caisson segment 11; Step S1 includes: Weld connecting steel bars 112 to the inner side of the cutting edge steel ring 111, tie the steel bars of the first caisson segment 11, and connect the connecting steel bars 112 of the cutting edge steel ring 111, the hollow connecting rod 113 of the first caisson segment 11 to the steel bars of the first caisson segment 111. Insert steel strands 13 into the hollow connecting rod 113 of the first caisson segment 11, support the formwork and pour concrete for the first caisson segment 11. Fix the lower end of the steel strands 13 to the first caisson segment 11.

[0049] S2. Install the intermediate pressure ring 2 on the first caisson segment 11; Step S2 includes: Install the relay jacking device 24 on the lower ring 22, align the reserved hole 23 of the lower ring 22 with the hollow connecting rod 113, place the lower ring 22 on the upper end face of the first caisson segment 11, align the reserved hole 23 of the upper ring 21 with the hollow connecting rod 113, insert the upper ring 21 into the lower ring 22, and complete the installation of the first relay pressurizing ring 2.

[0050] S3. Construct the second caisson segment 1 and install the self-climbing soil removal equipment 3 on the second caisson segment 1. Step S3 includes: The second caisson segment 1 is the subsequent caisson segment 12. The reinforcing bars of the second caisson segment 1 are tied above the first intermediate pressure ring 2. The reinforcing bars of the second caisson segment 1 are connected to the hollow connecting rod 113 of the first caisson segment 11. The hollow connecting rod 113 and the air pipe of the second caisson segment 1 are tied to the reinforcing bars of the second caisson segment 1. The steel strand 13 is passed through the hollow connecting rod 113 of the second caisson segment 1. The formwork is erected and the concrete of the second caisson segment 1 is poured. After the pouring is completed, one end of the steel strand 13 is fixed to the top of the second caisson segment 1, so that the first caisson segment 11, the first intermediate pressurizing ring 2 and the second caisson segment 1 are connected as one unit. Air holes are opened on the well wall of the second caisson segment 1 to install air niches 121. Tracks 122 are installed on the inner wall of the second caisson segment 1, and self-climbing soil removal equipment 3 is installed on the tracks 122.

[0051] S4. Soil removal and sinking are carried out using self-climbing soil removal equipment 3. During the soil removal and sinking process, the construction parameters are adjusted by means of relay pressurization and soil removal coordination control. like Figure 11 As shown, the coordinated control method of relay pressurization and soil extraction includes: During the soil extraction and settlement process, settlement influencing factors are acquired in real time, and the functional relationship between the stratum settlement and settlement influencing factors is updated in real time. The functional relationship is as follows: Where z is the detected ground settlement, Q is the amount of soil removed, v is the soil removal rate, h is the mud surface elevation inside the caisson, α is the caisson inclination angle, H is the caisson sinking depth, D is the caisson outer diameter, and L is the cutting edge burial depth; this function is a chaotic function, and the direct relationship between its physical quantities needs to be realized through the caisson soil removal control system. The essence of the caisson soil removal control system is: during the caisson construction and sinking process, the system continuously collects or calculates the values ​​of relevant physical quantities at each moment through sensors. Through data fitting and inversion, the dynamic relationship between the caisson sinking and the surrounding settlement can be gradually established. Specifically, a multiple regression prediction method can be used to establish a regression analysis equation, i.e., a regression prediction model, through the existing physical quantities at each moment. Through the regression prediction model, the relationship between various physical quantities can be reflected, and subsequent predictions can be made.

[0052] Among them, the formation settlement detection quantity z is obtained by monitoring with a total station around the caisson. The soil extraction quantity Q and the soil extraction speed v are obtained by the self-climbing soil extraction device 3. The mud surface elevation h is measured by a laser rangefinder on the self-climbing soil extraction device 3. The caisson inclination angle ɑ is obtained by monitoring with an inclinometer installed on the caisson body. The caisson sinking depth H is obtained by monitoring with a total station around the caisson. The outer diameter D of the caisson is preset original data. The cutting edge embedment depth L is obtained by the difference between the mud surface elevation and the caisson sinking depth.

[0053] According to the functional relationship, the formation settlement quantity Z and the formation settlement rate ΔZ at the current moment can be calculated. The formation settlement quantity Z and the formation settlement rate ΔZ are respectively compared with the settlement quantity warning value Z1 and the settlement rate warning value ΔZ1. If Z < Z1 and ΔZ < ΔZ1, continue soil extraction and sinking, and dynamically adjust each construction parameter to reduce the development of surrounding soil settlement, that is, adjust the construction parameters in the direction of reducing settlement, such as reducing the soil extraction speed; or keep the construction parameters unchanged. In addition, during the normal soil extraction and sinking process, if the sinking speed of caisson segment 1 is less than the preset minimum sinking speed, use the relay pressure ring 2 to push the caisson segment 1 below it to assist the caisson in sinking. If Z < Z1 and ΔZ ≥ ΔZ1, stop soil extraction, and use the current construction parameters as critical construction parameters. Use the relay pushing device 24 for static pressure pushing operation, increase the cutting edge embedment depth, and recalculate ΔZ through the previously obtained functional relationship. If Z < Z1 and ΔZ < ΔZ1, adjust the construction parameters in the direction of reducing the settlement trend of the surrounding formation, including reducing the soil extraction speed and adjusting the caisson inclination angle, and continue soil extraction and sinking. If Z ≥ Z1, stop soil extraction and give an analysis report according to the previous construction parameters. At this time, manual intervention is required to reinforce the surrounding formation and then resume soil extraction and sinking.

[0054] Among them, the method of using the relay pushing device 24 for static pressure pushing operation includes: loosening the bolt at the top of the steel strand 13, applying hydraulic pressure to the relay pushing device 24 of the relay pressure ring 2 to make the relay pressure ring 2 push, and then making the caisson segment 1 below the relay pressure ring 2 push downward. After the caisson segment 1 below the relay pressure ring 2 sinks to the specified elevation, the relay pushing device 24 releases pressure and contracts. The caisson segment 1 above the relay pressure ring 2 sinks under the action of its own weight. If it cannot sink smoothly, tighten the bolt of the steel strand 13 to make the caisson segment 1 below the relay pressure ring 2 pull the caisson segment 1 above it downward. If it still cannot achieve sinking, the air curtain can be appropriately opened by using the air cavity 121 to reduce the side resistance. In addition, other relay pressure rings 2 above the relay pressure ring 2 can be used to push to assist the sinking of other caisson segments 1.

[0055] The adjustment of the inclination angle of the open caisson is also achieved through the relay pressure ring 2. During the process of soil extraction and sinking, the relay pressure ring 2 can be used to adjust the inclination angle of the open caisson in real time. For example, Figure 12 As shown, the signal collection module of the automatic deviation correction system of the open caisson obtains the signal of the inclinometer. If the inclination angle is greater than the preset maximum inclination angle, or the inclination angle is not 0° and Z < Z1, ΔZ ≥ ΔZ1, the attitude analysis and calculation module calculates the attitude deviation correction plan and the pushing amount of each relay pushing device 24, and then issues an instruction to the jack pumping station to control the pushing amount of each relay pushing device 24 of the relay pressure ring 2 to adjust the attitude of the open caisson.

[0056] S5. After sinking to a certain depth, the open caisson is extended. The next section of the open caisson segment 1 is constructed, and step S4 is repeated for soil extraction and sinking until the designed elevation is reached. When the open caisson sinks to the specified elevation, the self-climbing soil extraction equipment 3 and the relay pushing device 24 in the relay pressure ring 2 can be removed and reused. When pouring the bottom-sealing concrete, the first relay pressure ring 2 located above the first section of the open caisson should be poured into the bottom-sealing concrete together.

[0057] As the open caisson is continuously extended and the number of relay pressure rings 2 increases, when using the relay pushing device 24 for static pressure pushing operation, the relay pressure ring 2 at the bottom can be used for pushing first. When the open caisson segment 1 above the relay pressure ring 2 at the bottom cannot sink smoothly, other relay pressure rings 2 can be used for pushing and sinking.

[0058] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments, or perform equivalent replacements for some of the technical features; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the various embodiments of the present application, and should all be included within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A caisson structure based on relay pressurization, characterized by, The utility model provides a kind of self-climbing caisson, including caisson body, the caisson body includes multiple caisson segments (1), part adjacent two caisson segments (1) between being provided with relay pressurizing ring (2), the relay pressurizing ring (2) includes upper ring (21) and lower ring (22), multiple relay jacking device (24) are provided between the upper ring (21) and lower ring (22), multiple the relay jacking device (24) are used to jacking caisson segment (1) below to assist the sinking of caisson body, and for caisson deviation correction.

2. The caisson structure based on relay pressurization according to claim 1, characterized by, The upper ring (21) includes upper side ring (211) and top ring (212), the lower ring (22) includes lower side ring (221) and bottom ring (222), the upper side ring (211) and lower side ring (221) are fitted and sleeved, the top ring (212) and bottom ring (222) are arranged in parallel, and the relay jacking device (24) is installed on the bottom ring (222).

3. The caisson structure based on relay pressurization according to claim 2, characterized by, The bottom ring (222) is provided with a female limiting part (223), the top ring (212) is provided with a male limiting part (213), the female limiting part (223) and the male limiting part (213) are movably inserted, and when the female limiting part (223) and the male limiting part (213) are fully inserted, the lower side ring (221) is in contact with the top ring (212) or the upper side ring (211) is in contact with the bottom ring (222).

4. The caisson structure based on relay pressurization according to claim 3, characterized by, The relay jacking device (24) is detachably connected with the bottom ring (222), and when the female limiting part (223) and the male limiting part (213) are fully inserted, the relay jacking device (24) is not in contact with the top ring (212).

5. The caisson structure based on relay pressurization according to claim 3, characterized by, When the relay jacking device (24) is jacked to the maximum distance, the female limiting part (223) and the male limiting part (213) are partially inserted.

6. The caisson structure based on relay pressurization according to claim 2, wherein A hollow connecting rod (113) is pre-buried in the caisson segment (1), a steel strand (13) is arranged in the hollow connecting rod (113), the steel strand (13) extends above the topmost caisson segment (1) and is fixed by bolts, and a reserved hole (23) is formed in the top ring (212) and the bottom ring (222), the hollow connecting rod (113) passes through the reserved hole (23) to position the relay pressurizing ring (2).

7. A caisson structure based on pressure boosting by a relay according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, A gas pipe is pre-buried in the caisson segment (1), a gas hole is formed in the wall of the caisson segment (1) and a gas niche (121) is arranged, the gas pipe is connected with the gas niche (121), and the gas niche (121) is in communication with the gas hole.

8. A caisson structure based on pressure boosting by a relay according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The utility model provides a kind of self-climbing caisson, including self-climbing caisson (3), the self-climbing caisson (3) includes support (31), self-climbing device (32) and earth taking mechanical arm (33) are arranged on the support (31), the earth taking mechanical arm (33) is used to take earth, and the inner wall of the caisson segment (1) is provided with track (122), and the self-climbing device (32) is slidably arranged on the track (122).

9. The caisson structure based on relay pressurization according to claim 8, characterized by, The self-climbing device (32) comprises a lower locking block (321) comprising a lower telescopic rod (3211), a climbing jacking device (322) fixedly arranged on the lower locking block (321), and an upper locking block (323) fixedly arranged at the top end of the climbing jacking device (322), wherein the upper locking block (323) comprises an upper telescopic rod (3231), and the track (122) is provided with a plurality of fixed holes corresponding to the lower telescopic rod (3211) and the upper telescopic rod (3231).

10. A method of sinking a caisson structure, characterised by, The method comprises the following steps: calculating the stratum settlement amount Z and the stratum settlement rate ΔZ, and comparing the stratum settlement amount Z and the stratum settlement rate ΔZ with the settlement amount warning value Z1 and the settlement rate warning value ΔZ1 respectively; if Z<Z1 and ΔZ≥ΔZ1, the soil taking is stopped, and the current construction parameters are taken as the critical construction parameters, the static pressure jacking operation is performed by using the relay jacking device (24), the blade foot embedded depth is increased, the stratum settlement amount Z and the stratum settlement rate ΔZ are recalculated, if Z<Z1 and ΔZ<ΔZ1, the construction parameters are adjusted in the direction of reducing the peripheral stratum settlement trend, and the soil taking and sinking are continued.

11. The caisson sinking method according to claim 10, wherein During the soil taking and sinking, the settlement influencing factors are acquired in real time, the functional relationship between the stratum settlement amount and the settlement influencing factors is updated in real time, the settlement influencing factors at least include the soil taking amount, the soil taking speed, the mud surface elevation in the open caisson, the open caisson inclination, the open caisson sinking depth, the open caisson outer diameter, and the blade foot embedded depth, and the stratum settlement amount Z and the stratum settlement rate ΔZ are calculated according to the functional relationship.

12. The caisson sinking method according to claim 11, wherein The function relationship is Wherein, z is the stratum settlement detection amount, Q is the soil volume, v is the soil taking speed, h is the mud surface elevation in the open caisson, a is the open caisson inclination, H is the open caisson sinking depth, D is the open caisson outer diameter, and L is the blade foot buried depth. Through data fitting and inversion on the continuously acquired settlement influencing factors and the stratum settlement detection amount z, the functional relationship between the stratum settlement amount and the settlement influencing factors in real time can be obtained.

13. The caisson sinking method according to claim 10, wherein if Z<Z1 and ΔZ<ΔZ1, the soil taking and sinking are continued; if Z≥Z1, the soil taking is stopped, and the peripheral stratum is reinforced before the soil taking and sinking are performed again.

14. The caisson sinking method according to claim 13, wherein if Z<Z1 and ΔZ<ΔZ1, the soil taking and sinking are continued, and the construction parameters are dynamically adjusted to reduce the development of the peripheral soil body settlement.

15. A step-by-step sinking method of a caisson structure based on a relay pressurization, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: a first open caisson segment (11) is constructed; a relay pressure ring (2) is installed on the first open caisson segment (11); a second open caisson segment (1) is constructed, and a self-climbing soil taking device (3) is installed on the second open caisson segment (1); the soil taking and sinking are performed by using the self-climbing soil taking device (3), and the relay pressure ring (2) is used to assist the sinking during the soil taking and sinking; when sinking to a certain depth, the open caisson is connected in height, the next open caisson segment (1) is constructed, and the sinking is performed until the design elevation is reached.

16. The step-by-step sinking method of a caisson structure based on the pressure of a relay according to claim 15, characterized in that, During the soil taking and sinking, if the sinking speed of the open caisson segment (1) is less than the preset minimum sinking speed, the open caisson segment (1) below is jacked by using the relay pressure ring (2) to assist the sinking of the open caisson.

17. The step-by-step sinking method of a caisson structure based on the pressure of a relay according to claim 16, characterized in that, During the soil taking and sinking, if the sinking speed of the open caisson segment (1) is still less than the preset minimum sinking speed after the open caisson segment (1) below is jacked by using the relay pressure ring (2), the air in the air pipe is filled into the air pocket (121) to form an air curtain between the outer wall of the open caisson and the soil body, so as to assist the sinking of the open caisson.

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