Photovoltaic heat pump system and heating method

Abstract

The application discloses a photovoltaic heat pump system and a heating method, relates to the photovoltaic heat pump technical field, and the heat pump system comprises a heating module and a heat pump module, the heating module is connected with the heat pump module, and is used for conveying light heat to the heat pump module; the heat pump module is connected with a water tank, and is used for heating water in the water tank; the heating module comprises a double-air-duct photovoltaic heat storage evaporation device used for storing solar heat, further comprises an evaporation heat exchange module connected with the double-air-duct photovoltaic heat storage evaporation device, and the evaporation heat exchange module is used for transmitting the heat stored in the double-air-duct photovoltaic heat storage evaporation device to the heat pump module; wherein the double-air-duct photovoltaic heat storage evaporation device of the application can not only absorb the heat on the photovoltaic part to realize the effect of dissipating heat of the photovoltaic part, but also can store the absorbed heat, so that the heat is transmitted to the heat pump module through the evaporation heat exchange module for subsequent use by residents.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of photovoltaic heat pump, in particular to a photovoltaic heat pump system and a heating method. BACKGROUND

[0002] The current common heating method is electric heating or natural gas heating, which converts electric energy or chemical energy of natural gas into heat energy. The advantages of these two heating methods are that the heating speed is fast, and residents do not need to wait for a long time to get heating. However, the disadvantages are also obvious. Electric energy and natural gas are non-renewable energy, and the economic cost of these two heating methods is high, which forces many residents to reduce their heating demand.

[0003] The solar energy is used for photovoltaic power generation, and the part of electric energy is used for heating for residents. In addition, long-time solar radiation can also directly provide hot water for residents, so that residents can meet their own heating demand for free or at a very low economic cost.

[0004] However, in actual operation, especially under strong light conditions, the internal temperature of the photovoltaic panel will rise sharply, often exceeding its ideal working load. This high temperature state will cause a series of adverse consequences. First, the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic cell will decrease significantly with the increase of temperature. Usually, for every 1℃ increase in temperature, the output power will decrease by about 0.3%-0.5%, resulting in a loss of power generation. Second, long-term high-temperature working environment will accelerate the aging of photovoltaic components, yellowing of packaging materials and performance degradation, seriously affecting the service life and long-term use effect of the photovoltaic panel.

[0005] At present, some simple air cooling or water cooling schemes are proposed for the cooling problem of photovoltaic panels. For example, a wind channel is arranged at the rear to utilize natural convection or install a fan for forced ventilation, or a cooling water flow channel is laid behind the panel. However, these conventional heat dissipation methods only discharge heat as a kind of "waste heat" to the atmosphere or take it away through a cooling medium, and do not effectively recover and utilize these heat.

[0006] In addition, although the existing photovoltaic heat pump system attempts to combine photovoltaic and heat pump, the coupling degree is often not high, and the energy utilization form is single. Most systems only focus on using the electric energy generated by photovoltaic to drive the heat pump, or only using simple air source or water source as the low-temperature heat source of the heat pump, which fails to fundamentally solve the problem of waste heat recovery of photovoltaic panels and to build an integrated system that can cooperatively manage electric energy and heat energy and realize all-weather efficient energy supply.

[0007] At the same time, unstable light conditions and low heat conversion efficiency also determine that the hot water obtained by solar radiation alone is difficult to meet the heating demand of residents in time. SUMMARY

[0008] The application provides a photovoltaic heat pump system and a heat supply method, and can solve the following problems in the prior art:

[0009] 1) Long-term high-temperature working environment can accelerate aging, yellowing of packaging materials and performance attenuation of photovoltaic components, and seriously affects the service life and long-term use effect of the photovoltaic panel; 2) The conventional photovoltaic panel heat dissipation method only discharges heat as waste heat to the atmosphere or carries away the heat through a cooling medium, and does not effectively recycle and utilize the heat; 3) Unstable light conditions and low heat conversion efficiency also determine that hot water obtained through solar radiation is difficult to meet the heat supply demand of residents in time.

[0010] A photovoltaic heat pump system comprises a heat supply module and a heat pump module, wherein the heat supply module is connected with the heat pump module to deliver light heat to the heat pump module, and the heat pump module is connected with a water tank to heat water in the water tank;

[0011] The heat supply module comprises a double-air-duct photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device for storing solar heat, and further comprises an evaporation heat exchange module connected with the double-air-duct photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device, and the evaporation heat exchange module is used to transmit the heat stored in the double-air-duct photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device to the heat pump module;

[0012] The double-air-duct photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device comprises a photovoltaic part and a heat storage part, the photovoltaic part is used to convert light energy into electric energy for power supply, the heat storage part is arranged on one side of the photovoltaic part to absorb and store heat of the photovoltaic part, the photovoltaic part comprises a solar cell, an upper fan and a lower fan, the heat storage part comprises a single-face blown plate which is connected with the solar cell, and a module phase change material for heat storage is further fixedly arranged in each flow channel of the single-face blown plate, the evaporation heat exchange module comprises a compressor and an electronic expansion valve, and the compressor, the double-air-duct photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device, the electronic expansion valve and a high-temperature side of a heat exchanger are arranged on a refrigerant circuit;

[0013] The photovoltaic heat pump system further comprises the following heat supply modes:

[0014] When the sunlight is sufficient during the day, the start and stop of the upper fan and the lower fan and the wind direction are controlled according to the surface temperature of the solar cell, and the compressor and the electronic expansion valve are started to be used for photovoltaic power generation, solar cell cooling and water tank heating;

[0015] When the surface temperature of the solar cell is greater than a first temperature T1, the upper fan and the lower fan are started, the upper fan sends air to the upper air duct, and the lower fan discharges air outward;

[0016] When the surface temperature of the solar cell is greater than a second temperature T2, the second temperature T2 is greater than the first temperature T1, the compressor, the electronic expansion valve and a water pump are started to circulate and exchange heat between the refrigerant and the water;

[0017] At night or in the absence of light, switch to air source heat pump mode, control the air direction of the upper and lower fans or open the openable air port according to the heat storage state of the module phase change material, and take heat from the air or the module phase change material.

[0018] Preferably, the double-duct photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device further comprises an insulation layer, the insulation layer comprises a bottom plate layer, a first side plate layer, a second side plate layer, a third side plate layer and a fourth side plate layer are sequentially and circularly arranged at the edges of the bottom plate layer, the first side plate layer, the second side plate layer, the third side plate layer and the fourth side plate layer and the bottom plate layer form a box structure with an opening, a glass cover plate is arranged at the opening, the first side plate layer is rotatably arranged on the bottom plate layer, the top end of the first side plate layer is fixedly connected with a servo driving device, and the second side plate layer, the third side plate layer and the fourth side plate layer are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate layer.

[0019] Preferably, the photovoltaic part and the heat storage part are arranged in the insulation layer.

[0020] Preferably, the solar cell is arranged in parallel with the glass cover plate, three groups of side edges of the solar cell are fixedly connected with the second side plate layer, the third side plate layer and the fourth side plate layer respectively, and the other group of side edges forms an air return channel with the first side plate layer.

[0021] Preferably, the solar cell and the glass cover plate form an upper air duct, the solar cell and the bottom plate layer form a lower air duct, and the upper air duct and the lower air duct are in communication with the air return channel.

[0022] Preferably, a plurality of groups of upper air fans are arranged on one side of the upper air duct close to the third side plate layer, and a plurality of groups of lower air fans are arranged on one side of the lower air duct close to the third side plate layer.

[0023] Preferably, the upper air fans and the lower air fans are bidirectional air fans.

[0024] Preferably, the single-face inflation plate is arranged on one side close to the lower air duct.

[0025] Preferably, the module phase change material is tightly attached to the single-face inflation plate through heat-conducting glue.

[0026] Preferably, each module phase change material is composed of an aluminum alloy square tube filled with phase change material.

[0027] Preferably, fins are arranged between the module phase change materials, and the fins are tightly combined with the lower part of the single-face inflation plate and the side surface of the module phase change material through heat-conducting glue.

[0028] Preferably, the heat pump module comprises a water pump and a heat exchanger, the water pump, the water tank and the low-temperature side of the heat exchanger are arranged on a tap water circuit.

[0029] Preferably, the air source heat pump mode comprises:

[0030] At night or in the absence of light, if the module phase change material has heat storage, the upper and lower air blowers are turned on and the air direction is reversed, so that the heat is absorbed by the refrigerant through the single-face blowing plate;

[0031] If the module phase change material has no heat storage, the servo drive device drives the first side plate layer to rotate, opens the openable air port on one side of the return air channel, and synchronously starts the upper and lower air blowers to send air to the upper and lower air ducts to take heat from the air.

[0032] The present application provides a photovoltaic heat pump system and a heating method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0033] 1) The present application integrates photovoltaic power generation and heat pump technology, directly uses the electric energy and heat generated by the solar cell, combines the heat storage capacity of the phase change material, significantly improves the comprehensive utilization rate of solar energy, adopts a double-air-duct photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device, combines the heat storage function of the phase change material, automatically switches the operation mode through the temperature sensor, closes the openable air port on sunny days, strengthens photovoltaic heat storage, and releases heat through forced convection or opens the openable air port to switch the air source to take heat at night or in rainy weather;

[0034] 2) The double-air-duct photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device of the present application not only can absorb the heat on the photovoltaic part to achieve the effect of dissipating heat on the photovoltaic part, but also can store the absorbed heat to facilitate subsequent transmission of the heat to the heat pump module through the evaporation heat exchange module, and can adjust the frequency of the compressor and the frequency of the water pump according to the water temperature setting value, so that the refrigerant on the high-temperature side of the heat exchanger and the domestic water on the low-temperature side of the heat exchanger circulate to exchange heat, convert the heat in the double-air-duct photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device into the heat of the domestic water in the water tank, heat the domestic water in the water tank to the water temperature setting value, and realize 24-hour low-cost and high-efficiency heating for residents to use;

[0035] 3) The present application opens the upper and lower air blowers and performs co-directional air supply by simultaneously absorbing heat through the phase change material, which can guide the airflow to flow according to the designed path, i.e. entering from the openable air port and the bottom, penetrating through the upper and lower air ducts and the heat exchanger therebetween, and then discharging from the other end of the device. This prevents the airflow from circulating in a certain local part (such as the lower air duct) without effectively flowing through all the heat exchange surfaces, effectively reducing the working temperature of the solar cell. Under the same lighting conditions, the system power generation efficiency is improved by 15% compared with pv, and the performance degradation of the photovoltaic module caused by high temperature is reduced, prolonging its service life;

[0036] 4) The unique integration of the single-sided inflation plate, the module phase change material and the fin. They are tightly connected by the heat-conducting glue and the mechanical structure, and together form a composite and efficient evaporation and heat storage core. Among them, the single-sided inflation plate serves as the heat exchange surface, the module phase change material serves as the bulk heat storage unit, and the fin serves as the expanded heat exchange surface. The three are interpenetrated and tightly combined to form a composite structure of a three-dimensional heat transfer path from point (flow channel) to line (fin) to surface, realizing the functional unification of 'instant heat exchange' and 'delayed heat storage'. The waste heat of the solar cell and the air heat can be quickly absorbed by the refrigerant in the single-sided inflation plate, and at the same time, the excess heat is stored by the module phase change material; when needed, the stored heat can be efficiently released back to the refrigerant through the same path, and the presence of the fin ensures that the heat exchange with the air or the PCM has a large surface area, maximizing the efficiency of the entire energy collection, storage and release process; the modular and compact integrated design of the present application concentrates all functions in one device, saving space, simplifying the system structure and reducing cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 A structural schematic diagram of a photovoltaic heat pump system provided by the present application;

[0038] Figure 2 A running schematic diagram of a double-air-channel photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device in a photovoltaic heat pump system provided by the present application under sufficient light;

[0039] Figure 3 A running schematic diagram of a double-air-channel photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device in a photovoltaic heat pump system provided by the present application for heat exchange in the module phase change material under insufficient light;

[0040] Figure 4 A running schematic diagram of a double-air-channel photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device in a photovoltaic heat pump system provided by the present application for heat exchange using air under insufficient light;

[0041] Figure 5 A structural schematic diagram of a heat preservation layer in a photovoltaic heat pump system provided by the present application;

[0042] Figure 6 A structural schematic diagram of a fin in a photovoltaic heat pump system provided by the present application;

[0043] Figure 7 A structural schematic diagram of a module phase change material in a photovoltaic heat pump system provided by the present application;

[0044] Figure 8 A structural schematic diagram of a fan installation in a photovoltaic heat pump system provided by the present application;

[0045] Figure 9This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a single-sided blown plate in a photovoltaic heat pump system provided by the present invention.

[0046] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0047] 1. Heat pump module; 11. Water pump; 12. Water tank; 13. Heat exchanger;

[0048] 2. Heating module; 21. Battery; 22. Inverter; 23. Dual-duct photovoltaic thermal storage evaporation device; 231. Glass cover plate; 232. Solar cell; 233. Single-sided inflatable plate; 234. Module phase change material; 2341. Plastic plug; 2342. Aluminum alloy square tube; 2343. Module phase change material; 235. Fin; 236. Insulation layer; 237a. Upper fan; 237b. Lower fan; 238. Openable air vent; 24. Compressor; 25. Electronic expansion valve; 2361. First side plate layer; 2362. Second side plate layer; 2363. Third side plate layer; 2364. Fourth side plate layer; 2365. Return air duct. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below, but it should be understood that the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments.

[0050] Example 1

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic heat pump system, including a heating module 2 and a heat pump module 1. The heating module 2 is connected to the heat pump module 1 to deliver solar heat to the heat pump module 1. The heat pump module 1 is connected to a water tank 12 to heat the water in the water tank 12. Specifically, in this embodiment, the heating module 2 can absorb solar heat and input the heat into the heat pump module 1, which can then heat the water in the water tank 12, making it convenient for residents to use.

[0052] Specifically, the heating module 2 in this embodiment includes a dual-channel photovoltaic thermal storage evaporator 23 for storing solar heat, and an evaporation heat exchange module connected to the dual-channel photovoltaic thermal storage evaporator 23. The evaporation heat exchange module is used to transfer the heat stored in the dual-channel photovoltaic thermal storage evaporator 23 to the heat pump module 1. It should be noted that in an environment with sufficient sunlight, the dual-channel photovoltaic thermal storage evaporator 23 in this embodiment can store excess solar heat, and then transfer the heat stored in the photovoltaic thermal storage evaporator 23 to the heat pump module 1 through the evaporation heat exchange module, so as to make full use of solar heat and achieve energy saving.

[0053] As an embodiment of the present embodiment, the double-duct photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device 23 comprises a photovoltaic part and a heat storage part, the photovoltaic part is used for converting light energy into electric energy for power supply;

[0054] The heat storage part is arranged on one side of the photovoltaic part for absorbing and storing the heat of the photovoltaic part; it can be explained that the temperature of the surface of the photovoltaic part will gradually rise in the actual application process, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic part will decrease significantly with the temperature rise, usually the output power will decrease by about 0.3%-0.5% per 1℃ temperature rise, causing the loss of power generation, and the long-term high-temperature working environment will accelerate the aging of the photovoltaic module, the yellowing of the packaging material and the performance attenuation, which seriously affects the service life and long-term use effect, based on this, the heat storage part arranged in the present embodiment can not only absorb the heat on the photovoltaic part to realize the heat dissipation effect of the photovoltaic part, but also store the absorbed heat for subsequent transmission of the heat to the heat pump module 1 through the evaporation heat exchange module for residents to use.

[0055] Embodiment 2

[0056] Based on embodiment 1, please refer to Figures 1-5 , the double-duct photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device 23 further comprises a heat preservation layer 236, the heat preservation layer 236 comprises a bottom plate layer, a first side plate layer 2361, a second side plate layer 2362, a third side plate layer 2363 and a fourth side plate layer 2364 are sequentially and circularly arranged at the edge of the bottom plate layer, the first side plate layer 2361, the second side plate layer 2362, the third side plate layer 2363 and the fourth side plate layer 2364 and the bottom plate layer form a box structure with an opening, and the opening is covered with a glass cover plate 231; wherein the photovoltaic part and the heat storage part are arranged in the heat preservation layer 236; specifically, the heat preservation layer 236 and the glass cover plate 231 are arranged in the present embodiment to form a closed space for installing the photovoltaic part and the heat storage part, so as to improve the heat preservation performance of the double-duct photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device 23, and also play a waterproof and dustproof effect when applied in outdoor environment.

[0057] As an implementation of the embodiment, the photovoltaic part includes a solar cell 232, the solar cell 232 is arranged in parallel with the glass cover plate 231, three groups of side edges of the solar cell 232 are respectively attached and fixedly connected with the second side plate layer 2362, the third side plate layer 2363 and the fourth side plate layer 2364, and the other group of side edges forms the air return channel 2365 with the first side plate layer 2361, wherein the solar cell 232 and the glass cover plate 231 enclose an upper air duct, the height of the upper air duct is 100 mm, the solar cell 232 and the bottom plate layer enclose a lower air duct, and the upper air duct and the lower air duct are in communication with the air return channel 2365; it can be explained that, by communicating the upper air duct and the lower air duct on both sides of the solar cell 232 through the air return channel, the air flow efficiency of the upper air duct and the lower air duct on both sides of the solar cell 232 can be improved, so as to facilitate subsequent heat exchange.

[0058] It can be seen from Figures 2-4 and Figure 8 that the upper air duct is provided with a plurality of groups of upper air fans 237a on the side close to the third side plate layer 2363, and the lower air duct is provided with a plurality of groups of lower air fans 237b on the side close to the third side plate layer 2363, wherein the upper air fan 237a and the lower air fan 237b are both bidirectional air fans.

[0059] Specifically, the two groups of upper air fans 237a are symmetrically arranged on the third side plate layer 2363, and the four groups of lower air fans 237b are equidistantly arranged on the third side plate layer 2363; it should be noted that the upper air fan 237a and the lower air fan 237b arranged in the embodiment can further accelerate the air flow efficiency of the upper air duct and the lower air duct, so as to facilitate subsequent heat exchange.

[0060] In the embodiment, it can be seen from Figures 2-4 and Figures 6-9 that the heat storage part includes a single-face blown plate 233 attached to the solar cell 232, the single-face blown plate 233 is arranged on the side close to the lower air duct, and the distance between the single-face blown plate 233 and the bottom plate layer is 150 mm; wherein the single-face blown plate 233 adopts metal aluminum as a base material, a double-layer aluminum plate is welded through screen printing of a refrigerant pipeline path, and a single-face flow channel is formed by high-pressure gas blowing, the flow channel is streamline-shaped, left-right symmetrical, and the flow channel conveys refrigerant; it can be explained that, by arranging the single-face blown plate 233, the heat on the solar cell 232 can be absorbed, on the one hand, the effect of heat dissipation and cooling of the solar cell 232 can be achieved, and on the other hand, heat exchange can be facilitated by the refrigerant to utilize the heat.

[0061] In addition, the single-face blown plate 233 of the embodiment is fixedly connected with the solar cell 232 in a riveting manner.

[0062] As a further scheme of the embodiment, a module phase change material 234 for heat storage is arranged in the middle of each flow channel of the single-sided inflation plate 233 and is tightly attached to the single-sided inflation plate 233 by heat-conducting glue, wherein each module phase change material 234 is composed of an aluminum alloy square tube 2342 with a cross-sectional size of 30 mm x 30 mm and is filled with phase change material, and the phase change material is paraffin; specifically, since the double-wind-channel photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device 23 is fixed on the support at a certain angle, one end of the aluminum alloy square tube 2342 does not need to be closed, and therefore the upper part is closed by a plastic plug 2341, facilitating the filling of the phase change material and the later maintenance.

[0063] It should be further noted that the length of the module phase change material 234 is equal to the length of the lower flow channel of the single-sided inflation plate 233; specifically, the module phase change material 234 is arranged to store photovoltaic waste heat and excess heat of the system during the day and to cause solid-liquid phase change; at night, the module phase change material 234 releases latent heat and causes liquid-solid phase change, thereby providing a stable heat source for the heat pump module 1, so as to realize the time-space transfer and matching of energy, ensure the continuous operation of the system, fully utilize the stored heat when the light is sufficient, and achieve the effect of energy saving.

[0064] As a further scheme of the embodiment, fins 235 are arranged between the module phase change materials 234, and the fins 235 are tightly combined with the lower part of the single-sided inflation plate 233 and the side surface of the module phase change material 234 by heat-conducting glue; wherein the height of the fin 235 is 120 mm; it can be explained that the main function of the fin 235 of the embodiment is to greatly expand the effective heat exchange area of the lower wind channel; in the daytime mode, it strengthens the convective heat exchange between air and the module phase change material 234 and promotes heat storage; in the night mode, when the phase change material has stored heat, it accelerates the release of heat; when there is no stored heat, it serves as the main air-refrigerant heat exchange medium and efficiently absorbs heat from the environment air.

[0065] It should be further explained that the unique integrated mode of the single-sided inflation plate 233, the module phase change material 234, and the fin 235 of the embodiment. They are tightly connected by heat-conducting glue and mechanical structure and jointly constitute a composite and high-efficiency evaporation and heat storage core.

[0066] Specifically, the single-sided inflation plate 233 serves as a heat exchange surface, the module phase change material 234 serves as a bulk heat storage unit, and the fin 235 serves as an extended heat exchange surface, and the three are interpenetrated and tightly combined to form a three-dimensional heat transfer path from a point (flow channel) to a line (fin 235) and then to a surface.

[0067] The composite structure of the embodiment realizes the unification of 'instant heat exchange' and 'delayed heat storage'. The waste heat of the solar cell 232 and the air heat can be quickly absorbed by the refrigerant in the single-side blown plate 233, and at the same time, the excess heat is stored by the module phase change material; when needed, the stored heat can be efficiently released back to the refrigerant through the same path. The existence of the fin 235 ensures that the heat exchange with the air or the PCM has a large surface area, so that the efficiency of the whole energy collection, storage and release process is maximized; the modular and compact integrated design of the embodiment concentrates all functions in one device, saves space, simplifies the system structure and reduces the cost.

[0068] In addition, the photovoltaic part further comprises a storage battery 21 electrically connected with the solar cell 232, the storage battery 21 is connected with an inverter 22, and the inverter 22 is connected with a power grid; specifically, the electricity generated by the solar cell 232 charges the storage battery 21 through the inverter 22, the storage battery 21 supplies power to the load, and the excess electricity is connected to the power grid, and when the storage battery 21 is insufficient, the mains power is switched to supply power to the load, so as to achieve the effect of energy saving.

[0069] In the embodiment, refer to Figure 1 The heat pump module 1 comprises a water pump 11 and a heat exchanger 13, the water pump 11, a water tank 12 and the low-temperature side of the heat exchanger 13 are arranged on a tap water circuit; wherein the evaporation heat exchange module comprises a compressor 24 and an electronic expansion valve 25, the compressor 24, the double-air-channel photovoltaic heat storage evaporation device 23, the electronic expansion valve 25 and the high-temperature side of the heat exchanger 13 are arranged on a refrigerant circuit;

[0070] The heating method of the photovoltaic heat pump system of the embodiment can be switched according to different environments;

[0071] Specifically, the operation mode when the sunlight is sufficient during the day is as follows:

[0072] The solar cell 232 generates photovoltaic electricity, and charges the storage battery 21 through the inverter 22, and the excess electricity is connected to the power grid, and at the same time, the temperature sensor monitors the surface temperature of the solar cell 232 in real time;

[0073] When the surface temperature of the solar cell 232 is greater than the first temperature T1 (such as 40℃), the upper fan 237a is started, the upper fan 237a sends air to the upper air channel, and the lower fan 237b exhausts air outward, the cold air enters the upper air channel to cool the solar cell 232, the air flow after being heated transmits heat to the lower air channel, and the module phase change material 234 absorbs heat in the air by forced convection and stores heat by phase change; when the surface temperature of the solar cell 232 is below the first temperature T1, the fan 237 is closed;

[0074] When the surface temperature of the solar cell 232 is greater than the second temperature T2 (such as 50℃), the compressor 24, the electronic expansion valve 25 and the water pump 11 are started, the refrigerant is pressurized by the compressor and enters the heat exchanger 13 high-temperature side after absorbing heat in the double-duct photovoltaic heat storage evaporation device 23, and exchanges heat with the tap water on the low-temperature side, so that the heat is transferred to the water tank 12 to heat the domestic water, and when the water temperature of the water tank 12 meets the set requirement, the compressor 24, the electronic expansion valve 25 and the water pump 11 are closed. Based on this, the forced air cooling and the refrigerant circulation of the embodiment are coordinated to reduce the temperature of the solar cell 232, and the power generation efficiency is increased by 15% compared with the same working condition pv, and efficient heating is realized at the same time.

[0075] When there is no light or insufficient light at night or in continuous rainy weather, the system switches to the air source heat pump mode.

[0076] The compressor 24, the electronic expansion valve 25 and the water pump 11 are started, and the frequency of the compressor 24 and the frequency of the water pump 11 are adjusted according to the water temperature set value, so that the refrigerant on the high-temperature side of the heat exchanger 13 and the domestic water on the low-temperature side of the heat exchanger 13 circulate and exchange heat, so that the heat in the double-duct photovoltaic heat storage evaporation device 23 is converted into the heat of the domestic water in the water tank 12, and the domestic water in the water tank 12 is heated to the water temperature set value, realizing 24-hour low-cost efficient heating;

[0077] Specifically, if the module phase change material 234 has heat storage, the upper fan 237a is started, the upper fan 237a exhausts air outward, and the lower fan 237b sends air to the lower air duct. The ambient air flows through the fins 235 and the module phase change material 234, absorbs the latent heat stored therein, and then the heat is transferred to the refrigerant through the flow channel of the single-face inflation plate 233, and then the heat exchanger 13 heats the water in the water tank 12;

[0078] It should be noted that the heat transfer of the embodiment needs to be driven by temperature difference. The greater the temperature difference, the faster the heat transfer speed and the higher the efficiency. Based on this:

[0079] At night, the module phase change material 234 is a heat source, and the temperature may reach 40-50℃. The refrigerant in the single-face inflation plate 233 is a cold source, and the temperature may be only 0-5℃. If the fan does not work or the air circulates inside, the air in the air duct will be heated quickly. Assuming that the air temperature rises to 35℃, the temperature difference between the module phase change material 234 (40℃) and the air (35℃) is only 5℃, and this small temperature difference will cause the speed of heat release from the module phase change material 234 to the air to become very slow;

[0080] The temperature difference between air (35℃) and refrigerant (5℃) is 30℃, but the temperature of air has been raised, and the overall heat exchange efficiency is poor; therefore, in this embodiment, the low-temperature ambient air (such as 15℃ air at night) is continuously introduced from the bottom through the direct air flow mode of “down in and up out”; then the temperature difference between the module phase change material 234 (40℃) and air (15℃) is 25℃, and the huge temperature difference will force the module phase change material 234 to rapidly and massively release heat to the air; the temperature difference between the heated air and the refrigerant is maintained at a high-efficiency heat exchange temperature difference.

[0081] As a further scheme of this embodiment, reference can be made to Figures 2-4 The first side plate layer 2361 of this embodiment is arranged on the bottom plate layer and has a top end fixedly connected with a servo driving device for driving the first side plate layer 2361 to rotate. Specifically, the servo driving device of this embodiment can be an electric motor, and the specific model and structure of the electric motor are not limited as long as the actual application requirements are met.

[0082] Specifically, if the module phase change material 234 does not store heat, the first side plate layer 2361 is driven to rotate by the servo driving device, the openable and closable air port 238 on one side of the return air passage 2365 is opened, and the upper air fan 237a and the lower air fan 237b are simultaneously opened to synchronously send air to the upper air duct and the lower air duct. The heat in the air is rapidly absorbed by the refrigerant in the lower dense flow channel of the single-sided blown plate 233 through the fin 235 and the module phase change material 234, for subsequent heat exchange.

[0083] It should be noted that the openable and closable air port 238 is opened to change the air circulation mode.

[0084] When the openable and closable air port 238 is closed, the entire air duct is a closed, internally circulating system. The air is mainly circulated in the upper and lower air ducts inside the device under the driving of the fan, and exchanges heat with the module phase change material 234 and the fin 235. This mode is suitable for taking heat from the internal fixed heat source.

[0085] When the openable and closable air port 238 is opened, it is equivalent to opening a large “window” on the closed system. This makes the air duct communicate with the external environment. At this time, the air fan no longer pushes the air to “turn around” inside, but sucks a large amount of fresh air from the environment, and then quickly discharges it back to the environment after flowing through the heat exchange surface. This becomes an open direct-flow system; and creates forced convection to efficiently absorb environmental heat;

[0086] The fins 235 and the aluminum alloy square tubes 2342 of the present embodiment serve as extended heat exchange surfaces, and their temperature is lower than the ambient air temperature due to the heat absorption of the evaporation of the internal refrigerant. When the hot air flows through these ice-cold surfaces, the heat in the air is quickly taken away by heat conduction and transferred to the low-temperature refrigerant in the single-sided inflation plate 233 inside.

[0087] Further, the present embodiment can guide the air flow to flow along the designed path by simultaneously opening the upper fan 237a and the lower fan 237b and performing co-flow air supply, i.e., entering from the openable and closable air inlet 238 and the bottom, penetrating through the upper and lower air ducts and the heat exchanger therebetween, and then being discharged from the other end of the device. This prevents the air flow from circulating in a certain part (e.g., the lower air duct) and failing to effectively flow through all the heat exchange surfaces. The synchronous operation of the double fans ensures that the system can "squeeze" every possible heat from the air even under the most unfavorable conditions, guaranteeing the basic performance of heating. The simultaneous opening of the upper fan and the lower fan in the present embodiment is not a simple energy superposition, but an optimized design in system engineering, which aims to solve the air flow distribution problem in the complex air duct, effectively avoid the air flow dead zone, and achieve "full cross-section air sweeping" of the entire heat exchange core, so that all the fins 235 and the aluminum alloy square tubes 2342 of the module phase change material 234 can effectively participate in heat exchange.

[0088] It should be further noted that the frequency of the compressor 24 and the flow of the water pump 11 are dynamically adjusted according to the water temperature of the water tank 12 to ensure efficient heating. At the same time, the storage battery 21 supplies power to the system, and if the power is insufficient, it automatically switches to the mains to realize 24-hour uninterrupted low-cost heating.

[0089] The above only discloses several specific embodiments of the present application, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto. Any changes that can be thought of by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic heat pump system comprising a heat supply module (2) and a heat pump module (1), characterized in that, The heat supply module (2) is connected with the heat pump module (1) to deliver light heat to the heat pump module (1), and the heat pump module (1) is connected with the water tank (12) to heat the water in the water tank (12); The heat supply module (2) comprises a double-air-channel photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device (23) for storing solar heat, and further comprises an evaporation heat exchange module connected with the double-air-channel photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device (23), which is used to transfer the heat stored in the double-air-channel photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device (23) to the heat pump module (1); The double-air-channel photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device (23) comprises a photovoltaic part and a heat storage part, the photovoltaic part is used to convert light energy into electric energy for power supply, and the heat storage part is arranged on one side of the photovoltaic part to absorb and store the heat of the photovoltaic part; the photovoltaic part comprises a solar cell (232), an upper air fan (237a) and a lower air fan (237b), the heat storage part comprises a single-face blown plate (233) connected with the solar cell (232), and a module phase change material (234) for heat storage is further fixedly arranged in each flow channel of the single-face blown plate (233); the evaporation heat exchange module comprises a compressor (24) and an electronic expansion valve (25), the compressor (24), the double-air-channel photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device (23), the electronic expansion valve (25) and the high-temperature side of the heat exchanger (13) are arranged on a refrigerant circuit; The photovoltaic heat pump system further comprises the following heat supply modes: During the day when the light is sufficient, the start and stop and the wind direction of the upper air fan (237a) and the lower air fan (237b) are controlled according to the surface temperature of the solar cell (232), and the compressor (24) and the electronic expansion valve (25) are started to generate photovoltaic power, cool the solar cell (232) and heat the water tank (12); When the surface temperature of the solar cell is greater than a first temperature T1, the upper air fan (237a) and the lower air fan (237b) are started, the upper air fan (237a) sends air to the upper air channel, and the lower air fan (237b) discharges air outward; When the surface temperature of the solar cell is greater than a second temperature T2, the second temperature T2 is greater than the first temperature T1, the compressor (24), the electronic expansion valve (25) and the water pump (11) are started to circulate and exchange heat between the refrigerant and the water; At night or in the absence of light, the air source heat pump mode is switched, the wind direction of the upper air fan (237a) and the lower air fan (237b) or the openable and closable air port is controlled according to the heat storage state of the module phase change material (234) to take heat from the air or the module phase change material (234). The double-duct photovoltaic heat storage and evaporation device (23) further comprises an insulation layer (236), the insulation layer (236) comprises a bottom plate layer, a first side plate layer (2361), a second side plate layer (2362), a third side plate layer (2363) and a fourth side plate layer (2364) are sequentially and circularly arranged at the edge of the bottom plate layer, the first side plate layer (2361), the second side plate layer (2362), the third side plate layer (2363) and the fourth side plate layer (2364) and the bottom plate layer form a box structure with an opening, a glass cover plate (231) is arranged at the opening, the first side plate layer (2361) is rotatably arranged on the bottom plate layer, the top end of the first side plate layer (2361) is fixedly connected with a servo driving device, the second side plate layer (2362), the third side plate layer (2363) and the fourth side plate layer (2364) are fixedly arranged on the bottom plate layer; the photovoltaic part and the heat storage part are arranged in the insulation layer (236); a plurality of groups of upper air fans (237a) are arranged on one side of the third side plate layer (2363) of the upper air duct; a plurality of groups of lower air fans (237b) are arranged on one side of the third side plate layer (2363) of the lower air duct; the upper air fan (237a) and the lower air fan (237b) are both bidirectional air fans.

2. A photovoltaic heat pump system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The solar cell (232) is arranged in parallel with the glass cover plate (231), three groups of side edges of the solar cell (232) are fixedly connected with the second side plate layer (2362), the third side plate layer (2363) and the fourth side plate layer (2364) respectively, and the other group of side edges forms a return air channel (2365) with the first side plate layer (2361). The solar cell (232) and the glass cover plate (231) form an upper air duct, the solar cell (232) and the bottom plate layer form a lower air duct, and the upper air duct and the lower air duct are connected with the return air channel (2365).

3. A photovoltaic heat pump system as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that The single-face inflation plate (233) is arranged on one side close to the lower air duct.

4. A photovoltaic heat pump system as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that The module phase change material (234) is tightly attached to the single-face inflation plate (233) through heat-conducting glue. Each module phase change material (234) is composed of an aluminum alloy square tube (2342) filled with phase change material.

5. A photovoltaic heat pump system as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that Fins (235) are arranged between the module phase change materials (234), and the fins (235) are tightly combined with the lower part of the single-face inflation plate (233) and the side surface of the module phase change material (234) through heat-conducting glue.

6. A photovoltaic heat pump system as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that The heat pump module (1) comprises a water pump (11) and a heat exchanger (13), the water pump (11), a water tank (12) and the low-temperature side of the heat exchanger (13) are arranged on a tap water circuit.

7. A photovoltaic heat pump system as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that The air source heat pump mode comprises: When the module phase change material (234) has heat storage at night or in the absence of light, the upper air fan (237a) and the lower air fan (237b) are started and the air direction is reversed, so that heat is absorbed by the refrigerant through the single-face inflation plate (233); If the module phase change material (234) has no heat storage, the servo drive device drives the first side plate layer (2361) to rotate, opens the openable and closable air port (238) on one side of the return air passage (2365), and synchronously starts the upper air fan (237a) and the lower air fan (237b) to send air to the upper air duct and the lower air duct to take heat from the air.

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