Coaxial multi-atmosphere water-guided laser processing device

Abstract

The invention discloses a coaxial multi-atmosphere water-guided laser processing device. The coaxial multi-atmosphere water-guided laser processing device comprises a laser generating module, a light-water coupling module, a protective airflow generating module and a composite nozzle assembly. And the light-water coupling module performs total reflection coupling on the water jet and the laser through the liquid nozzle to form the laser water jet. The protection airflow generation module comprises a first protection airflow generation module and at least one second protection airflow generation module and can generate multiple layers of coaxial protection airflow, the first protection airflow spirally surrounds the outer side of the laser water jet, and the second protection airflow further surrounds the outer side of the first protection airflow. The composite nozzle assembly is composed of a first nozzle and at least one second nozzle which are sequentially and coaxially nested from inside to outside, and finally outputs coaxial composite jet flow composed of laser water jet flow and multiple layers of protective airflow. The technical problem that in the prior art, it is difficult to achieve efficient drainage, prevent melt from splashing back and maintain stability of water jet at the same time is solved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of water-guided laser, and particularly relates to a coaxial multi-atmosphere water-guided laser processing device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of water-guided laser processing, the prior art often uses a single protective gas flow to stabilize the water jet and isolate air. However, this single gas flow has significant limitations when dealing with complex processing environments: its water accumulation capacity is limited, affecting processing efficiency; it is insufficient to protect against molten pool splashing and plasma, which can easily lead to optical element contamination and water jet disturbance; more importantly, a single gas flow cannot simultaneously achieve the multiple goals of tightly wrapping to stabilize the water jet, effectively removing liquid from the processing area, and actively creating a specific chemical reaction atmosphere in the working area, limiting the application of water-guided laser technology in high-quality, high-efficiency, and special material processing. Various solutions have been proposed in the prior art to improve the stability and processing performance of the water jet, such as the water-guided laser processing device in multiple water-gas composite modes disclosed in Chinese Patent No. CN117086477B, which optimizes the composite structure of water and gas to extend the stable section length of the water jet. However, the annular water curtain can cause water accumulation on the workpiece surface, which is difficult to drain in time, and the laser will be diffused after entering the accumulated water area, resulting in uneven energy distribution and affecting the processing quality and cutting depth. SUMMARY

[0003] The main purpose of the present application is to propose a coaxial multi-atmosphere water-guided laser processing device, which aims to solve the technical problems of the prior art that cannot simultaneously achieve efficient water drainage, prevent molten material from splashing, and maintain water jet stability.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the present application provides a coaxial multi-atmosphere water guide laser processing device in the first aspect, comprising a laser generating module, a light-water coupling module, a protective gas flow generating module and a composite nozzle assembly; the laser generating module is used for emitting a laser beam; the light-water coupling module comprises a liquid nozzle, which is configured to couple a water jet with the laser beam by total reflection, forming a laser water jet; the protective gas flow generating module comprises a first protective gas flow generating module and at least one second protective gas flow generating module; the first protective gas flow generating module is used for forming a first protective gas flow coaxial with the laser water jet and spirally surrounding the laser water jet; the at least one second protective gas flow generating module forms at least one layer of second protective gas flow coaxial with the first protective gas flow and surrounding the first protective gas flow outside; the composite nozzle assembly comprises a first nozzle and at least one second nozzle, the number of the second nozzle corresponding to the number of the second protective gas flow generating module; the first nozzle is connected to the outlet of the first protective gas flow generating module; the at least one second nozzle is coaxially sleeved on the outer periphery of the first nozzle in turn, and is respectively connected to the outlet of the corresponding second protective gas flow generating module, so that the final output of the composite nozzle assembly is the laser water jet, the first protective gas flow and the at least one layer of second protective gas flow coaxially distributed from inside to outside in turn.

[0005] Preferably, the first protective gas flow generating module comprises a first gas mixing cavity, a second gas mixing cavity and a gas-water coupling cavity coaxially sleeved from outside to inside in turn; the first gas mixing cavity is used for receiving the input first protective gas; the second gas mixing cavity is in communication with the first gas mixing cavity, and is used for organizing the gas from the first gas mixing cavity to form a primary rotating gas flow; the gas-water coupling cavity is in communication with the second gas mixing cavity, and is used for receiving the primary rotating gas flow and accelerating to form the first protective gas flow; the liquid nozzle is arranged at the center of the gas-water coupling cavity.

[0006] Preferably, the first protective gas flow generating module further comprises a first gas inlet channel and a plurality of first spiral flow guide channels; the first gas inlet channel is in communication with the first gas mixing cavity, and is used for inputting the first protective gas into the first gas mixing cavity; the inlet ends of the plurality of first spiral flow guide channels are in communication with the first gas mixing cavity, and the outlet ends are in communication with the second gas mixing cavity; the plurality of first spiral flow guide channels are uniformly distributed around the axis of the gas-water coupling cavity, and the outlet direction is configured to make the gas from the first gas mixing cavity produce a rotating motion around the axis when entering the second gas mixing cavity, forming the primary rotating gas flow.

[0007] Preferably, the first protective gas flow generating module further comprises a plurality of second spiral flow guide channels; the inlet ends of the plurality of second spiral flow guide channels are in communication with the second gas mixing cavity, and the outlet ends are in communication with the gas-water coupling cavity; the plurality of second spiral flow guide channels are uniformly distributed around the axis of the gas-water coupling cavity, and the outlet direction is configured to cause the primary rotating gas flow from the second gas mixing cavity to generate a rotating motion around the axis when entering the gas-water coupling cavity, forming the first protective gas flow.

[0008] Preferably, the plurality of second spiral flow guide channels are located at a first height in the axial direction of the gas-water coupling cavity, and the plurality of first spiral flow guide channels are located at a second height lower than the first height in the axial direction, so that the gas flow experiences at least two rotational accelerations during the flow to the outlet; the flow passage cross-sectional area of the second spiral flow guide channel is smaller than that of the first spiral flow guide channel, for accelerating the gas flow.

[0009] Preferably, the inlet end of the second spiral flow guide channel is formed with a tapered flow guide structure, and the inlet cross section is larger than the flow passage cross section of the channel body, for smoothly guiding the gas flow to enter.

[0010] Preferably, the gas-water coupling cavity further coaxially comprises an annular protective baffle; the annular protective baffle surrounds the liquid nozzle and comprises a connected inverted conical flow guide section and a cylindrical isolation section from top to bottom, and the lower end extends to a height lower than the outlet of the second spiral flow guide channel, thereby separating the inner laser water jet flow channel and the outer first protective gas flow channel in the gas-water coupling cavity.

[0011] Preferably, the light-water coupling module further comprises a water inlet channel, a first water mixing cavity, a second water mixing cavity, an annular baffle, and an annular overflow gap; the water inlet channel is in communication with the annular first water mixing cavity; the annular baffle is coaxially arranged between the first water mixing cavity and the second water mixing cavity, and the annular baffle and the top wall of the first water mixing cavity form the annular overflow gap; the second water mixing cavity is in communication with the first water mixing cavity through the annular overflow gap, so that the liquid enters the second water mixing cavity in a circumferentially symmetrical manner; the liquid nozzle is coaxially arranged in the center of the second water mixing cavity.

[0012] Preferably, the at least one second protective gas flow generating module comprises a second gas inlet channel, a third gas mixing cavity, a plurality of third gas flow guide channels, and a fourth gas mixing cavity; the second gas inlet channel is in communication with the third gas mixing cavity for inputting second protective gas into the third gas mixing cavity; the third gas mixing cavity is an annular cavity, and the axis thereof is coincident with the axis of the first protective gas flow generating module; the inlet ends of the plurality of third gas flow guide channels are in communication with the third gas mixing cavity, and the outlet ends thereof are in communication with the fourth gas mixing cavity; the fourth gas mixing cavity is an annular cavity, coaxially sleeved outside the first protective gas flow generating module, and in communication with the corresponding second nozzle through an annular gas outlet channel.

[0013] Preferably, the number of the second protective gas flow generating modules is multiple; the fourth gas mixing cavities of the second protective gas flow generating modules and the corresponding second nozzles are coaxially and sequentially nested, and the second gas inlet channels of each second protective gas flow generating module are independently arranged to respectively input the same or different kinds of protective gas; the composite nozzle assembly is configured to output a coaxial composite jet flow sequentially from the inside to the outside as the laser water jet flow, the first protective gas flow, and multiple layers of the second protective gas flow provided by the multiple independent second protective gas flow generating modules.

[0014] The multifunctional adjustable water guide laser head provided by the application realizes hierarchical and collaborative protection by arranging multiple layers of coaxial and independently controllable protective gas flows, improves the cleaning efficiency of the accumulated liquid and pollutants in the processing area and the isolation and protection effect of the core water jet flow, forms a spiral flow for the innermost layer of protective gas flow to utilize the centrifugal and pumping effects thereof, and provides a stable gas sheath constraint by the outer layer of gas flow, thereby improving the anti-interference ability and transmission stability of the water jet flow, adopts an inner and outer layer gas flow division strategy to allow the inner layer to use small-flow high-cost inert gas and the outer layer to use large-flow low-cost gas, thereby ensuring the inert atmosphere in the processing area while significantly reducing the gas use cost, and the modular multi-layer nested design allows the number, type, and parameters of the protective gas flow to be flexibly configured, thereby improving the adaptability of the device to different material processing requirements and complex process environments.

[0015] Further, the application also guides and organizes the airflow by three-stage coaxial cavities, improves the forming efficiency and flow field stability of the rotating airflow; the rotating airflow is finally accelerated in the gas-water coupling cavity, the energy concentration of the first protective airflow and the close wrapping effect on the water jet are improved; the first spiral flow guide channel with a specific configuration of multiple outlet directions is used to efficiently generate rotating airflow, the efficiency and circumferential uniformity of the primary rotating airflow are improved; the second spiral flow guide channel is arranged to organize and accelerate the rotating airflow, the rotating intensity, flow order and stable wrapping effect of the first protective airflow on the water jet are improved; the two-stage spiral flow guide channels are arranged at different axial heights so that the gas experiences two-stage rotating acceleration, the accumulation of rotating kinetic energy and the stability of the airflow are improved; the cross-sectional area of the second spiral flow guide channel is smaller than that of the first channel to accelerate the airflow, the axial velocity and impact force of the final protective airflow are improved; the tapered flow guide structure is arranged at the inlet of the second spiral flow guide channel to smoothly guide the airflow to enter, the flow loss is reduced and the airflow quality is improved; the outlet direction of the two-stage spiral flow guide channels is tangential, the forming efficiency and final strength of the rotating airflow are improved; the axisymmetric flow channel composed of the annular baffle and the overflow gap is arranged, the liquid enters the second water mixing cavity in a circumferential symmetry, the water supply uniformity to the liquid nozzle is improved; the liquid is forced to smoothly transition through the annular gap, the flow field in front of the nozzle is optimized, and the stability and symmetry of the formed water jet are improved; the annular protective baffle with a combination structure of inverted cone and cylinder is arranged in the gas-water coupling cavity, a disturbance-free stable transmission channel is physically isolated for the laser water jet, and the forming quality and transmission stability of the water jet are improved; the uniformity and output stability of the outer protective airflow are improved through independent gas path and cavity structure design; the coaxial nesting and independent gas supply of multiple modules are arranged to realize flexible combination and separate control of multiple protective airflows, and the adaptability and economy of the device to different processing atmosphere requirements are improved.

[0016] In summary, the coaxial multi-atmosphere water-guided laser processing device provided by the application solves the technical problems of difficult to simultaneously realize efficient water drainage, prevent molten material from splashing back and maintain the stability of the water jet in the prior art. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only some embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained without creative labor on the basis of the drawings shown.

[0018] Figure 1 The structure schematic diagram of the top view and front view of the coaxial multi-atmosphere water-guided laser processing device of the application; Figure 2 is Figure 1 a sectional view at A in FIG. 1; Figure 3 is Figure 1 a sectional view at B in FIG. 1; Figure 4 is Figure 3 a sectional view at C in FIG. 1; Figure 5 is Figure 3 a sectional view at D in FIG. 1; Figure 6 is a structural schematic view of a base of a coaxial multi-atmosphere water guide laser processing device of the present application; Figure 7 is Figure 2 an enlarged schematic view at E in FIG. 1.

[0019] In the drawings: 1 - laser generation module, 2 - light water coupling module, 21 - liquid nozzle, 22 - water inlet channel, 23 - first water mixing cavity, 24 - second water mixing cavity, 25 - annular baffle, 26 - annular overflow gap, 3 - protective gas flow generation module, 31 - first protective gas flow generation module, 311 - first gas mixing cavity, 312 - second gas mixing cavity, 313 - gas water coupling cavity, 314 - first gas inlet channel, 315 - first spiral flow guide channel, 316 - second spiral flow guide channel, 317 - annular protective baffle, 32 - second protective gas flow generation module, 321 - second gas inlet channel, 322 - third gas mixing cavity, 323 - third flow guide channel, 324 - fourth gas mixing cavity, 4 - composite nozzle assembly, 41 - first nozzle, 42 - second nozzle.

[0020] The implementation, functional features and advantages of the present application will be further described with reference to the embodiments in combination with the drawings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in combination with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0022] It should be noted that if the embodiments of the present application involve directional indications, such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc., the directional indications are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement condition, etc. between the components in a certain posture, and if the certain posture changes, the directional indications also change accordingly.

[0023] In addition, if the description of "first", "second" and the like is involved in the embodiments of the present application, the description of "first", "second" and the like is only for the purpose of description, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying the relative importance of the indicated technical features or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second" can be explicitly or implicitly included at least one of the features. In addition, the technical solutions of each embodiment can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the realization of the skilled in the art, when the combination of technical solutions appears contradictory or unachievable, it should be considered that the combination of technical solutions does not exist, nor in the protection scope required by the present application.

[0024] As shown in Figures 1 to 7 A coaxial multi-atmosphere water guide laser processing device includes a laser generating module 1, a light-water coupling module 2, a protective gas flow generating module 3 and a composite nozzle assembly 4. The laser generating module 1 is used to emit a laser beam. The light-water coupling module 2 includes a liquid nozzle 21, which is configured to couple the water jet with the laser beam by total reflection, forming a laser water jet. The protective gas flow generating module 3 includes a first protective gas flow generating module 31 and at least one second protective gas flow generating module 32. The first protective gas flow generating module 31 is used to form a first protective gas flow coaxial with the laser water jet and spirally surrounding the laser water jet. The at least one second protective gas flow generating module 32 forms at least one layer of second protective gas flow coaxial with the first protective gas flow and surrounding the outside of the first protective gas flow. The composite nozzle assembly 4 includes a first nozzle 41 and at least one second nozzle 42, the number of the second nozzle 42 corresponding to the number of the second protective gas flow generating module 32. The first nozzle 41 is connected to the outlet of the first protective gas flow generating module 31. The at least one second nozzle 42 is coaxially sleeved on the outer periphery of the first nozzle 41 in sequence, and is respectively connected to the outlet of the corresponding second protective gas flow generating module 32, so that the final output of the composite nozzle assembly is the laser water jet, the first protective gas flow and at least one layer of second protective gas flow coaxially distributed from inside to outside in sequence.

[0025] Specifically, refer to Figures 1 to 3In a specific embodiment of the present application, the laser generating module 1 is used as an energy source, which can be usually selected from fiber lasers or solid-state lasers, etc. After collimation and focusing by the focusing lens group, the laser beam is guided to the top center entrance of the light-water coupling module 2. The main body of the light-water coupling module 2 is a sealed coupling cavity, which is provided with a laser entrance window at the upper part. The laser entrance window is usually made of sapphire or diamond, etc. The laser beam is vertically transmitted into the coupling cavity after converging by the focusing lens group. The bottom of the coupling cavity is integrated with a liquid nozzle 21, and the central axis of the liquid nozzle 21 is coaxial with the optical axis of the laser beam. The side wall of the coupling cavity of the light-water coupling module 2 is provided with a water inlet channel 22. The water flow is pumped into the cavity by the high-pressure water pump through the water inlet channel 22, and is finally sprayed out of the small hole at the end of the liquid nozzle 21 at high speed, forming a stable and continuous cylindrical water jet. When the focal point of the converging laser beam of the laser generating module 1 falls on the entrance of the liquid nozzle or slightly above, the laser beam will be constrained in the thin water jet in the form of total reflection, forming a laser water jet like in the fiber. The protection gas flow generating module 3 is integrated downstream of the light-water coupling module 2, which specifically includes a first protection gas flow generating module 31 and at least one second protection gas flow generating module 32. The first protection gas flow generating module 31 is constructed around the outlet section of the liquid nozzle 21 at the center of the light-water coupling module 2, and its function is to generate a first layer of protection gas flow. The first layer of protection gas flow is coaxial with the internal laser water jet and spirally advances around the laser water jet, with the rotation direction being clockwise or counterclockwise. The second protection gas flow generating module 32 is one or more, which is coaxially sleeved on the periphery of the first protection gas flow generating module 31. Each second protection gas flow generating module can independently generate a layer of protection gas flow, which is also coaxial with the internal laser water jet and wrapped outside the previous layer of gas flow. The gas type, pressure, flow rate and rotation state of each layer of gas flow can be independently controlled. The composite nozzle assembly 4 is the final forming and output component of these coaxial multi-layer jets, which includes a first nozzle 41 and at least one second nozzle 42, and has a nested structure. The first nozzle 41 at the innermost layer is directly connected to the outlet of the first protection gas flow generating module 31, which is used to constrain and guide the final form of the first layer of spiral protection gas flow containing the laser water jet. The first nozzle 41 is coaxially sleeved with one or more second nozzles 42 outside, and each second nozzle 42 is connected to the outlet of the corresponding second protection gas flow generating module 32. Finally, a coaxial composite machining jet composed of the laser water jet, the first layer of spiral protection gas flow and one or more outer second protection gas flows is output from the end of the composite nozzle assembly.

[0026] It should be noted that the first protective gas flow is usually selected from inert gases such as helium, because the first protective gas flow is directly in contact with the laser water jet, and the main function is to provide an inert processing atmosphere and to initially stabilize the water beam; because the cost of helium is high, its usage flow is strictly limited. The application innovatively sets at least one layer of second protective gas flow in the periphery, and the second protective gas flow can use compressed air or nitrogen with low cost, and the core logic is that through the outer layer of low-cost but high-flow gas, a strong barrier is formed to effectively resist external environmental interference and constrain the shape of the inner layer of helium flow field, thereby greatly reducing the direct energy and mass exchange between the internal expensive helium and the external chaotic environment, so that the inner layer of helium can play its key role in a relatively calm and protected environment with a smaller necessary flow, ultimately significantly prolonging the stable transmission length of the laser water jet and enhancing the robustness of the overall processing process without significantly increasing the cost, while one or more second protective gas flows in the outer layer can form a wider air curtain to further isolate the environment, assist in draining the water in the processing area and push the splashes away radially, or pass through specific reaction / protection gas to create a locally controllable processing atmosphere.

[0027] It can be understood that the application effectively protects the inner layer of expensive first protective gas flow by using low-cost compressed air and other gases as the outer layer of second protective gas flow, significantly reducing the consumption and cost of high-cost gas; by using the outer layer of high-flow and high-speed protective gas flow, a more reliable physical isolation and anti-interference barrier is provided for the inner layer of gas flow and the laser water jet, and the stability of the core processing jet is improved; through the division and cooperation of the inner and outer double-layer gas flows, the inner layer of helium ensures the inert environment of the jet contact area, and the outer layer of compressed air is responsible for resisting external disturbance and maintaining the stability of the flow field, thereby ensuring the processing quality while improving the economic efficiency of the system; through the independently controllable multi-layer gas flow structure, the inner layer of gas flow rate and flow can be optimized to meet the isolation requirements, and the outer layer of gas can be flexibly used at a higher flow rate to enhance the overall protection effect and improve the flexibility and overall efficiency of process adjustment.

[0028] Based on the above technical solutions of the application, those skilled in the art can make corresponding equivalent improvements according to the application scenarios, for example, replacing the gas input by the outermost second protective gas flow generation module with nitrogen to obtain a drier and cleaner protective environment than compressed air; or replacing the helium used by the first protective gas flow generation module with argon or other inert gases to adapt to the processing atmosphere requirements of different materials; or designing the structure of the second protective gas flow generation module to also generate a spiral gas flow to further enhance the resistance and exclusion ability to external disturbance.

[0029] Preferably, the first protective gas flow generating module 31 comprises a first gas mixing cavity 311, a second gas mixing cavity 312 and a gas-water coupling cavity 313 coaxially nested from outside to inside in sequence; the first gas mixing cavity 311 is used for receiving the input first protective gas; the second gas mixing cavity 312 is in communication with the first gas mixing cavity 311 and is used for organizing the gas from the first gas mixing cavity 311 to form a primary rotating gas flow; the gas-water coupling cavity 313 is in communication with the second gas mixing cavity 312 and is used for receiving the primary rotating gas flow and accelerating to form the first protective gas flow; the liquid nozzle 21 is arranged at the center of the gas-water coupling cavity 313.

[0030] Specifically, referring to Figures 1 to 3 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the first gas mixing cavity 311 is an annular closed cavity which receives the first protective gas such as helium from a gas source through an independent first gas inlet channel, thereby playing a role of preliminary collection and stabilization of the incoming gas pressure; the second gas mixing cavity 312 is also annular and coaxially nested inside the first gas mixing cavity 311, and the specific gas flow channel structure between the first gas mixing cavity 311 and the second gas mixing cavity 312 enables the gas entering the second gas mixing cavity 312 from the first gas mixing cavity 311 to be organized and guided in the second gas mixing cavity 312 to form a primary rotating gas flow rotating around a common axis, which can be achieved in various ways, such as arranging a guide structure at the communication position or utilizing the shape of the cavity itself to guide the gas to generate a tangential velocity component; then, the primary rotating gas flow enters the innermost gas-water coupling cavity 313 through a specific gas flow channel structure from the second gas mixing cavity 312, and the inner center of the gas-water coupling cavity 313 is the liquid nozzle 21. In the gas-water coupling cavity 313, the rotating gas flow is further constrained and accelerated by the specific gas flow channel structure to form a first layer of protective gas flow tightly spirally surrounding the laser water jet, and finally is rotated and sprayed out from the liquid nozzle 21 through the outlet of the gas-water coupling cavity 313. This cavity design of nested from outside to inside and gradual organization of gas flow enables the gas flow to form rotation in the middle cavity and finally realizes spiral output, thereby providing a dynamic and stable inert atmosphere protection for the core processing area.

[0031] It can be understood that, by arranging the second gas mixing cavity and organizing the gas from the first gas mixing cavity to form a rotating gas flow therein, the present application enables the output first protective gas flow to have a spiral advancing characteristic, thereby improving its ability to expel accumulated liquid and pollutants in the processing area and maintain the stability of the water jet; by the nested design of the three-stage coaxial cavities, the gas flow is gradually guided and shaped, and finally the rotating gas flow is accelerated and focused for output in the gas-water coupling cavity, thereby improving the directionality, condensation and adhesion to the water jet of the protective gas flow; by generating a spiral advancing protective gas flow, the centrifugal effect and pumping action thereof are utilized to improve the local atmosphere replacement efficiency and slag removal effect of the processing point area.

[0032] Preferably, the first protective gas flow generating module 31 further comprises a first gas inlet channel 314 and a plurality of first spiral flow guide channels 315; the first gas inlet channel 314 is in communication with the first gas mixing chamber 311 for inputting the first protective gas into the first gas mixing chamber 311; the inlet ends of the plurality of first spiral flow guide channels 315 are in communication with the first gas mixing chamber 311, and the outlet ends are in communication with the second gas mixing chamber 312; the plurality of first spiral flow guide channels 315 are uniformly distributed around the axis of the gas-water coupling chamber 313, and the outlet direction is configured to make the gas from the first gas mixing chamber 311 generate a rotational motion around the axis when entering the second gas mixing chamber 312, forming a primary rotational gas flow.

[0033] Specifically, referring to Figure 3 and Figure 4 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the first gas inlet channel 314 is an independent pipeline interface for connecting an external gas source with the first gas mixing chamber 311 to deliver the first protective gas such as helium into the first gas mixing chamber 311 for preliminary gathering and pressure balance; the inlet ends of the plurality of first spiral flow guide channels 315 are opened to the inner side wall of the first gas mixing chamber 311, and the outlet ends are in communication with the inner second gas mixing chamber 312; in this embodiment, the plurality of first spiral flow guide channels 315 are not simply radial straight-through holes, but are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction around the core axis of the entire device, i.e. the axis of the gas-water coupling chamber 313, for example, four, six or eight channels can be provided; the path of each first spiral flow guide channel 315 from the inlet to the outlet is designed to have a specific orientation, and the outlet direction is not directed in the radial direction of the second gas mixing chamber 312, but is approximately tangent to the circular peripheral wall of the second gas mixing chamber 312, or in other words, the gas flow enters the annular space of the second gas mixing chamber 312 with a significant tangential velocity component. When the gas from the first gas mixing chamber 311 is injected into the second gas mixing chamber 312 through these outlets arranged in the approximate tangential direction, the multiple gas flows converge and interact in the annular chamber, collectively driving the gas medium in the chamber to make a whole rotational motion around the central axis, thereby efficiently organizing the originally possible chaotic gas flow into a strong and uniform primary rotational gas flow. This design makes the rotation excitation occur before the gas flow enters the final acceleration section, ensuring the full development of the rotation and the uniform distribution of the momentum in the circumferential direction.

[0034] It can be understood that the present application converts the gas flow from the first gas mixing chamber into a rotating flow efficiently by setting multiple first spiral flow guide channels with specific outlet directions, thereby improving the reliability and rotating strength of the primary rotating gas flow; by uniformly distributing the multiple first spiral flow guide channels around the axis, the gas flow momentum and direction injected into the second gas mixing chamber from various directions are ensured to be consistent, thereby improving the uniformity and stability of the primary rotating gas flow in the circumferential direction and avoiding the occurrence of asymmetric vortex flow; by using the spiral flow guide channels to pre-organize the gas flow, a stable rotating flow is established before entering the subsequent chamber, thereby improving the efficiency of gas flow organization and possibly reducing the total pressure loss compared with the design of generating rotation in the final chamber.

[0035] Preferably, the first protective gas flow generation module 31 further comprises multiple second spiral flow guide channels 316; the inlet ends of the multiple second spiral flow guide channels 316 are in communication with the second gas mixing chamber 312, and the outlet ends are in communication with the gas-water coupling chamber 313; the multiple second spiral flow guide channels 316 are uniformly distributed around the axis of the gas-water coupling chamber 313, and the outlet directions are configured to make the primary rotating gas flow from the second gas mixing chamber 312 produce a rotating motion around the axis when entering the gas-water coupling chamber 313, thereby forming the first protective gas flow.

[0036] Specifically, referring to Figure 3 and Figure 5 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the multiple second spiral flow guide channels 316 constitute the path of the gas flow from the second gas mixing chamber 312 to the gas-water coupling chamber 313, the inlet end of each second spiral flow guide channel 316 is opened on the inner wall surface of the second gas mixing chamber 312 for receiving the primary rotating gas flow that has been preliminarily formed therein, and the outlet end leads to the innermost gas-water coupling chamber 313. The multiple second spiral flow guide channels 316 are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction around the central axis of the gas-water coupling chamber 313, for example, four, six or eight channels can be provided to ensure the balance of the circumferential input; the path from the inlet to the outlet is designed to have a specific orientation, and the outlet of the channel is not simply directed to the radial center of the gas-water coupling chamber 313, but is designed to have a tangential relationship with the annular peripheral wall of the gas-water coupling chamber 313; when the primary rotating gas flow with rotating momentum is distributed from the second gas mixing chamber 312 into the multiple second spiral flow guide channels 316, the gas flow is constrained in the channels and guided in the set tangential direction, and then multiple directional consistent tangential jets are synchronously injected into the annular space of the gas-water coupling chamber 313 from the outlets of these channels, converge and fuse in the gas-water coupling chamber 313, and collectively drive all the gas medium in the chamber to produce a high-speed stable rotating composite gas flow around the axis, thereby constituting the first protective gas flow for tightly wrapping the laser water jet.

[0037] It can be understood that the application organizes and guides the primary rotating airflow by setting multiple second spiral flow guide channels, transmits and finally shapes the rotating motion in the air-water coupling cavity, improves the strength of the rotating state of the first protective airflow, configures the outlet direction of the second spiral flow guide channel to generate a tangential jet flow, ensures that the rotating momentum is efficiently injected into the final chamber, improves the energy concentration and flow order of the formed spiral airflow, and finally shapes the airflow form by using the second spiral flow guide channel, so that the output first protective airflow has a clear and consistent rotating direction, and improves the coaxial wrapping stability of the water jet and the protection effect on the machining area.

[0038] Preferably, the multiple second spiral flow guide channels 316 are located at a first height in the axial direction of the air-water coupling cavity 313, and the multiple first spiral flow guide channels 315 are located at a second height lower than the first height in the axial direction, so that the gas experiences at least two rotating accelerations during the flow to the outlet; the flow passage cross-sectional area of the second spiral flow guide channel 316 is smaller than that of the first spiral flow guide channel 315, for accelerating the airflow.

[0039] Specifically, referring to Figures 2 to 5 In a specific embodiment of the application, the multiple first spiral flow guide channels 315 are located at a relatively low second height in the axial direction of the overall structure, and the gas in the first gas mixing cavity 311 is introduced into the second gas mixing cavity 312 in a substantially tangential manner, so as to excite and form a primary rotating airflow in the lower area of the cavity; then, the gas flows in rotation, and the multiple second spiral flow guide channels 316 are arranged at a first height higher than the outlet of the first spiral flow guide channel 315 in the axial direction; the primary rotating airflow reaches this first height after flowing through the second gas mixing cavity 312, and enters the final air-water coupling cavity 313 through the multiple second spiral flow guide channels 316. By staggered arrangement in the axial height, the gas experiences a process of being given rotating momentum twice at different positions from low to high in space from entering the device to finally output, which constitutes at least two rotating accelerations. In addition, the flow passage cross-sectional area of the second spiral flow guide channel 316 is smaller than that of the first spiral flow guide channel 315, so that the gas flow velocity is improved according to the principle of fluid mechanics when the gas flow flows out of the relatively spacious first spiral flow guide channel 315 and enters the relatively narrow second spiral flow guide channel 316. By designing the difference in cross-sectional area, combined with the difference in axial height, the rotating airflow is gradually organized and accelerated.

[0040] It can be understood that the application improves the accumulation of rotational kinetic energy and the stability of the airflow by arranging the first spiral flow guide channel and the second spiral flow guide channel at different axial heights to make the gas receive two rotations in sequence on the flow path; the application improves the axial velocity and impact force of the final output airflow by designing the flow area of the second spiral flow guide channel to be smaller than that of the first spiral flow guide channel to accelerate the airflow after the primary rotation; the application realizes the separation and optimization of the airflow rotation and acceleration in space and time by the coordinated design of the axial height difference and the flow area difference, and improves the reliability of the airflow forming process and the comprehensive performance of the final protective airflow.

[0041] Preferably, the outlet direction of the first spiral flow guide channel 315 is tangentially arranged relative to the peripheral wall of the second gas mixing cavity 312; the outlet direction of the second spiral flow guide channel 316 is tangentially arranged relative to the peripheral wall of the gas-water coupling cavity 313.

[0042] It can be understood that the application improves the formation efficiency and reliability of the primary rotating airflow by tangential outlet to efficiently stimulate the rotational motion; the application improves the rotational intensity and concentration of the first protective airflow by the secondary tangential injection to strengthen the rotational momentum.

[0043] Preferably, the inlet end of the second spiral flow guide channel 316 is formed with a tapered flow guide structure, and the inlet cross section is larger than the flow area of the channel body, for smoothly guiding the airflow to enter.

[0044] Specifically, referring to Figure 5 In a specific embodiment of the application, the inlet end of the second spiral flow guide channel 316 is formed with a tapered flow guide structure, and the inlet cross section of the flow guide structure is relatively large, and the area is larger than the flow area of the channel body; from the inlet, the inner wall of the channel smoothly converges inward, and the profile can be a horn shape, a cone shape or a specific streamline curved surface, and finally transitions to the standard flow area size of the channel body; the tapered flow guide structure can make the primary rotating airflow entering from the second gas mixing cavity 312 smoothly enter the inlet of the flow guide channel within a larger angle range and a wider tolerance, instead of directly impacting on the size-matched hole edge; under the guidance of the tapered section, the flow direction of the airflow is gradually adjusted to be consistent with the axis of the channel body, the flow line is smoothed, and the flow cross section is also smoothly reduced, so as to reduce the vortex, flow separation and local pressure loss of the airflow due to sudden contraction and sharp change of flow direction at the inlet, so that the airflow can more efficiently and more stably enter and fill the entire second spiral flow guide channel 316, and lay a good foundation for subsequent acceleration in the channel and finally spouting with high-quality tangential jet.

[0045] Preferably, the gas-water coupling cavity 313 is coaxially provided with a ring-shaped protective baffle 317; the ring-shaped protective baffle 317 is arranged around the liquid nozzle 21 and comprises a reverse-tapered flow guide section and a cylindrical isolation section connected in sequence from top to bottom, and the lower end extends to a height lower than the outlet of the second spiral flow guide channel 316, thereby separating the laser water jet channel on the inside from the first protective gas flow channel on the outside in the gas-water coupling cavity 313.

[0046] Specifically, referring to Figure 2 and Figure 3 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the ring-shaped protective baffle 317 is coaxially sleeved outside the liquid nozzle 21 and comprises two continuous sections from top to bottom. The upper section is a reverse-tapered flow guide section, the inner wall surface of which is a tapered surface with a gradually decreasing diameter in the downstream direction. The top end of the tapered surface is sealingly connected to the top structure of the gas-water coupling cavity 313. The lower section is a cylindrical isolation section, the inner wall surface of which is a vertical cylindrical surface, which is smoothly connected to the lower edge of the reverse-tapered flow guide section to form a continuous flow channel inner wall. The lower edge of the cylindrical isolation section is located axially lower than the outlet of the second spiral flow guide channel 316. When the high-speed rotating gas flow is ejected from the outlet of the second spiral flow guide channel 316, it will flow along the outer tapered surface of the reverse-tapered flow guide section, guiding the tangential gas flow to smoothly turn into more axial flow and converge downstream. The smoothed gas flow then spirally flows downward mainly along the outer wall surface of the cylindrical isolation section. At the same time, after the laser water jet is formed at the outlet of the liquid nozzle 21, it passes through the upper space surrounded by the inner wall of the reverse-tapered flow guide section and the outer wall of the liquid nozzle, and then enters the lower annular channel formed by the inner wall of the cylindrical isolation section and the outer wall of the liquid nozzle, and is finally stably output.

[0047] It can be understood that the present application provides a smooth turning guide surface for the outside high-speed rotating gas flow by arranging the reverse-tapered flow guide section, thereby reducing the turbulence and energy loss caused by the impact of the gas flow. By connecting the cylindrical isolation section and extending the lower end thereof to a height lower than the gas flow inlet, a geometrically stable physical isolation channel for the laser water jet is constructed, which is free from the direct action of external gas flow shear force, thereby improving the stability of the water jet.

[0048] Preferably, the light-water coupling module 2 further comprises a water inlet channel 22, a first water mixing cavity 23, a second water mixing cavity 24, a ring-shaped baffle 25, and a ring-shaped overflow gap 26. The water inlet channel 22 is in communication with the annular first water mixing cavity 23. The ring-shaped baffle 25 is coaxially arranged between the first water mixing cavity 23 and the second water mixing cavity 24, and the ring-shaped baffle 25 and the top wall of the first water mixing cavity 23 form the ring-shaped overflow gap 26. The second water mixing cavity 24 is in communication with the first water mixing cavity 23 through the ring-shaped overflow gap 26, so that the liquid enters the second water mixing cavity 24 in a circumferentially symmetrical manner. The liquid nozzle 21 is coaxially arranged at the center of the second water mixing cavity 24.

[0049] Specifically, referring to Figure 1 、 Figure 2 、 Figure 3 and Figure 7 , in a specific embodiment of the present application, the water inlet channel 22 is used to guide the water flow pumped by the high-pressure water pump into a first water mixing cavity 23 arranged around the central axis, and the first water mixing cavity 23 is an annular cavity used to provide space for the initial mixing and circumferential pressure balance of the water flow; on the inner side of the first water mixing cavity 23, a second water mixing cavity 24 is coaxially arranged, and the two cavities are physically separated by an annular baffle 25, and the inner wall surface of the annular baffle 25 is the boundary of the second water mixing cavity 24; between the upper edge of the annular baffle 25 and the top wall of the first water mixing cavity 23, a continuous annular overflow gap 26 of a specific height is reserved, so that the liquid in the first water mixing cavity 23 cannot directly flow into the second water mixing cavity 24, but must flow uniformly upward, over the upper edge of the annular baffle 25, and then uniformly and circumferentially symmetrically flow into the second water mixing cavity 24 on the inner side through the annular overflow gap 26. This flow path forces the liquid to complete sufficient circumferential mixing and balance before entering the final chamber, effectively eliminating the flow rate or pressure unevenness that may be caused by a single water inlet channel. After the liquid undergoes the second mixing and stabilization in the second water mixing cavity 24, it is finally sprayed from the liquid nozzle 21 located at the center bottom of the second water mixing cavity 24, forming a stable and symmetric cylindrical water jet, which lays the foundation for the efficient total reflection coupling of the subsequent laser in fluid mechanics.

[0050] It can be understood that, by arranging the annular first water mixing cavity and the second water mixing cavity separated by the annular baffle, the present application forces the water flow to undergo two times of distribution and mixing in the cavity before entering the final nozzle, significantly improving the uniformity of the flow rate and velocity of the incoming flow in the circumferential direction; by using the annular overflow gap formed between the annular baffle and the top wall of the cavity as the only communication path, the water flow is forced to smoothly transition to the second water mixing cavity in a circumferential axisymmetric manner, effectively eliminating asymmetric flow and vortex, and improving the initial stability and symmetry of the water jet; by optimizing the flow field quality before the nozzle, an ideal water medium waveguide is provided for the total reflection coupling of the laser beam, reducing the scattering of laser energy and the loss of coupling efficiency caused by water flow disturbance.

[0051] Preferably, the at least one second protective gas flow generating module 32 comprises a second gas inlet channel 321, a third gas mixing cavity 322, a plurality of third gas flow guide channels 323, and a fourth gas mixing cavity 324; the second gas inlet channel 321 is in communication with the third gas mixing cavity 322, and is used to input the second protective gas into the third gas mixing cavity 322; the third gas mixing cavity 322 is an annular cavity, and the axis thereof coincides with the axis of the first protective gas flow generating module 31; the inlet ends of the plurality of third gas flow guide channels 323 are in communication with the third gas mixing cavity 322, and the outlet ends thereof are in communication with the fourth gas mixing cavity 324; the fourth gas mixing cavity 324 is an annular cavity, and is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the first protective gas flow generating module 31, and is in communication with the corresponding second nozzle 42 through an annular gas outlet channel.

[0052] Specifically, referring to Figures 1 to 2 In a specific embodiment of the present application, the second gas inlet channel 321 is an independent pipeline, the inlet of which is connected to an external gas source, and is used to input the second protective gas such as compressed air or nitrogen; the outlet of the second gas inlet channel 321 is in communication with the third gas mixing cavity 322. The third gas mixing cavity 322 is an annular closed cavity, the axis of which coincides with the core axis of the entire device, i.e. the axis of the first protective gas flow generating module 31; the inlet ends of the plurality of third gas flow guide channels 323 are evenly arranged on the inner side circumferential wall of the third gas mixing cavity 322, and are used to receive the gas in the cavity; and the outlet ends are all in communication with the fourth gas mixing cavity 324. The fourth gas mixing cavity 324 is another annular cavity, which is located on the inner side of the third gas mixing cavity 322 in the radial direction, and is coaxially sleeved on the entire outside of the first protective gas flow generating module 31; the fourth gas mixing cavity 324 is sealingly connected with the corresponding second nozzle 42 through an annular gas outlet channel. In operation, the second protective gas enters the third gas mixing cavity 322 through the second gas inlet channel 321 for preliminary pressure equalization and distribution, and then is guided into the fourth gas mixing cavity 324 through the plurality of third gas flow guide channels 323, and is further mixed and stabilized in the cavity, and is finally output from the second nozzle 42 through the annular gas outlet channel, forming a second layer of protective gas curtain wrapped outside the inner layer of first protective gas flow.

[0053] It can be understood that, by arranging the independent second gas inlet channel and the third gas mixing cavity, the present application realizes independent gas supply and preliminary pressure stabilization of the outer layer of protective gas, and improves the independence and stability of the gas flow parameter control; by guiding the gas from the third gas mixing cavity to the inner fourth gas mixing cavity through the plurality of third gas flow guide channels, the present application realizes redistribution and rectification of the gas flow, and improves the uniformity of the gas flow before entering the final output channel; by adopting the structure that the fourth gas mixing cavity is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the inner layer module and is connected with the annular gas outlet channel, the present application ensures that the outer layer of protective gas can be output in the form of coaxial and uniform annular gas curtain, and improves the isolation effect on the external environment and the protection performance on the inner layer of gas flow.

[0054] Preferably, the number of the second protective gas flow generating modules 32 is multiple; the fourth gas mixing cavity 324 of each second protective gas flow generating module 32 and its corresponding second nozzle are coaxially nested in sequence; and the second gas inlet passage 321 of each second protective gas flow generating module 32 is independently arranged to respectively input the same or different kinds of protective gas; and the composite nozzle assembly is configured to output a coaxial composite jet flow which is sequentially composed of the laser water jet flow, the first protective gas flow, and the multiple layers of second protective gas flow provided by the multiple independent second protective gas flow generating modules 32 from the inside to the outside.

[0055] It can be understood that, by arranging multiple independent second protective gas flow generating modules to output multiple layers of gas flow in a coaxial nested manner, the present application significantly enhances the multiple isolation and resistance to external environmental disturbances, and improves the purity and stability of the atmosphere in the core processing area; by arranging an independent gas inlet passage for each outer module to realize independent regulation of the gas flow parameters, the present application provides the ability to flexibly match and optimize between cost, protection performance, and special atmosphere requirements, and improves the process adaptability and economy; by outputting a multiple-layer coaxial composite jet flow with a clear structure, the present application uses the outer layer of high-flow high-speed gas flow to provide reliable shelter for the inner layer of expensive low-speed gas flow, thereby reducing the consumption of high-cost protective gas while ensuring the processing quality.

[0056] In the specific implementation process, the device of the present application can be operated according to the following steps: first, start the high-pressure water supply system to make the deionized water enter the coupling cavity through the water inlet passage of the light-water coupling module, and be sprayed out from the end of the liquid nozzle at a high speed to form a stable and continuous cylindrical water jet flow; then, start the gas supply system to input the first protective gas such as helium into the first gas mixing cavity through the first gas inlet passage of the first protective gas flow generating module, and the first protective gas is organized into a rotating gas flow through the multiple first spiral flow guide passages to enter the second gas mixing cavity to form a primary rotational flow, and then is further accelerated and regularized through the multiple second spiral flow guide passages to be finally output from the gas-water coupling cavity to form a tight spiral first protective gas flow which is closely surrounded outside the water jet flow; then, the second protective gas such as compressed air or nitrogen is respectively input into the corresponding third gas mixing cavity through the independent second gas inlet passage of one or more second protective gas flow generating modules, and each layer of gas is distributed through the respective third flow guide passage and stabilized in the fourth gas mixing cavity, and is finally output from the corresponding second nozzle through the annular gas outlet passage to form one or more coaxially nested second protective gas flows outside the first protective gas flow.

[0057] In the implementation process, when selecting the gas type of each layer of protective gas flow, the gas physical properties (such as dynamic viscosity, density, solubility, etc.) listed in authoritative physics manuals such as American Institute of Physics Handbook can be referred to for comprehensive consideration and selection. It should be noted that some gases (such as chlorine, hydrogen bromide, etc.) may have a certain solubility in water jet, some gases are flammable (such as hydrogen, acetylene), and some gases may be toxic or harmful to health (such as chlorine, sulfur dioxide). When selecting such gases, caution must be taken and appropriate safety precautions must be taken. In contrast, helium, argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide and other gases have the characteristics of high stability and good safety. Therefore, in the multi-layer coaxial protective gas flow design of the present application, the inner layer first protective gas flow is usually selected from high-purity inert gases such as helium or argon to ensure that the atmosphere in the contact area with the laser water jet is pure and chemically inert. One or more second protective gas flows in the outer layer can be selected from less expensive nitrogen, compressed air or argon, or even other gases with different properties according to specific process requirements (such as auxiliary cooling, oxidation inhibition or introduction of controllable reactions), thereby achieving an optimal balance of safety, economy and process adaptability. In terms of gas flow organization strategy, in order to improve the protection effect of the outer layer gas flow on the inner layer gas flow, a gas with a dynamic viscosity and density greater than or equal to that of the inner layer first protective gas is usually selected as the second protective gas, for example, compressed air is used to protect helium. At the same time, by adjusting the gas supply pressure, the average axial velocity component of the outer layer second protective gas flow is greater than or equal to that of the inner layer first protective gas flow, so that the outer layer high-speed gas flow can constrain the inner layer flow field and more effectively expel environmental interference. In terms of start-up timing, a sequential start-up strategy can be used, that is, the inner layer first protective gas flow is started first, and after a predetermined delay time, the flow field is fully developed and stabilized, the outer layer second protective gas flow is started. The delay time is the minimum time interval required for the first spiral gas flow to establish a stable flow field, which can avoid the impact of the outer layer gas flow on the still unstable inner layer flow field. After the water jet and the multi-layer spiral protective gas flow form a stable multi-atmosphere composite jet, the laser generating module is started to emit a focused laser beam. The laser beam is accurately aimed at the liquid nozzle inlet and coupled into the center of the water jet in a total reflection form to form a laser water jet. Finally, a coaxial composite machining flow composed of a laser water jet, a first spiral protective gas flow and one or more second protective gas flows from the inside to the outside is output from the composite nozzle assembly and acts on the workpiece surface.

[0058] The multifunctional adjusting water guide laser head provided by the application realizes hierarchical and collaborative protection through the setting of multiple layers of coaxial and independently controllable protective air flows, improves the cleaning efficiency of the accumulated liquid and pollutants in the processing area and the isolation and protection effect on the core water jet, forms spiral flow of the innermost protective air flow to utilize the centrifugal and pumping effects thereof, and provides stable air sheath constraint by the outer air flow to improve the anti-interference ability and transmission stability of the water jet, adopts the inner and outer air flow division strategy to allow the inner layer to use small-flow high-cost inert gas and the outer layer to use large-flow low-cost gas, significantly reduces the gas use cost while ensuring the inert atmosphere in the processing area, and realizes flexible configuration of the number, type and parameters of the protective air flows through the modular multi-layer nested design to improve the adaptability of the device to different material processing requirements and complex process environments.

[0059] Further, the application also guides and organizes the air flow through the three-stage coaxial cavities to improve the formation efficiency and flow field stability of the rotating air flow, accelerates the rotating air flow in the air-water coupling cavity to improve the energy concentration of the first protective air flow and the tight wrapping effect on the water jet, utilizes the first spiral flow guide channel with a specific configuration to efficiently generate rotating air flow from multiple outlet directions to improve the efficiency and circumferential uniformity of the primary rotating air flow, sets the second spiral flow guide channel to organize and accelerate the rotating air flow to improve the rotating intensity, flow order and stable wrapping effect of the first protective air flow on the water jet, sets the two-stage spiral flow guide channels at different axial heights to make the gas experience two rotating accelerations to improve the accumulation of rotating kinetic energy and the stability of the air flow, makes the cross-sectional area of the second spiral flow guide channel smaller than that of the first channel to accelerate the air flow and improve the axial velocity and impact force of the final protective air flow, sets the tapered flow guide structure at the inlet of the second spiral flow guide channel to smoothly guide the air flow to enter, reduces flow loss and improves air flow quality, sets the outlet direction of the two-stage spiral flow guide channels to be tangential to improve the formation efficiency and final intensity of the rotating air flow, sets the axisymmetric flow channel composed of the annular baffle and the overflow gap to make the liquid enter the second water mixing cavity in a circumferential and symmetric manner to improve the water supply uniformity to the liquid nozzle, forces the liquid to smoothly transition through the annular gap to optimize the flow field in front of the nozzle and improve the stability and symmetry of the formed water jet, sets the annular protective baffle with the combined structure of inverted cone and cylinder in the air-water coupling cavity to physically isolate a disturbance-free stable transmission channel for the laser water jet to improve the forming quality and transmission stability of the water jet, improves the uniformity and output stability of the outer protective air flow through the independent air path and cavity structure design, realizes flexible combination and separate control of the multiple layers of protective air flows through the coaxial nesting and independent air supply of multiple modules, and improves the adaptability and economy of the device to different processing atmosphere requirements.

[0060] In summary, the coaxial multi-atmosphere water guide laser processing device solves the technical problems of difficult to simultaneously realize efficient drainage, prevent molten material splash and maintain water jet stability in the prior art.

[0061] The above description is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the patent scope of the present application. Any equivalent structural transformation, direct / indirect application in other related technical fields, or the like, which is made under the inventive concept of the present application, using the content of the present application specification and drawings, is included in the patent protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A coaxial multi-atmosphere water guided laser processing apparatus characterized by comprising: The application relates to a laser water jet cutting device, comprising: a laser generating module (1) for emitting a laser beam; a light-water coupling module (2) comprising a liquid nozzle (21) configured to couple a water jet with the laser beam by total reflection, forming a laser water jet; a protective gas flow generating module (3) comprising a first protective gas flow generating module (31) and at least one second protective gas flow generating module (32); the first protective gas flow generating module (31) is used to form a first protective gas flow coaxial with the laser water jet and spirally surrounding the laser water jet; the at least one second protective gas flow generating module (32) forms at least one layer of second protective gas flow coaxial with the first protective gas flow and outside the first protective gas flow; a composite nozzle assembly (4) comprising a first nozzle (41) and at least one second nozzle (42), the number of the second nozzles (42) corresponding to the number of the second protective gas flow generating modules (32); the first nozzle (41) is connected to the outlet of the first protective gas flow generating module (31); the at least one second nozzle (42) is coaxially sleeved outside the first nozzle (41) in sequence and is respectively connected to the outlet of the corresponding second protective gas flow generating module (32), so that the final output of the composite nozzle assembly is the laser water jet, the first protective gas flow and the at least one layer of second protective gas flow distributed coaxially from inside to outside in sequence.

2. The coaxial multi-atmosphere water guided laser machining apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The first protective gas flow generating module (31) comprises a first gas mixing cavity (311), a second gas mixing cavity (312) and a gas-water coupling cavity (313) coaxially sleeved from outside to inside in sequence; the first gas mixing cavity (311) is used to receive the input first protective gas; the second gas mixing cavity (312) is in communication with the first gas mixing cavity (311) and is used to organize the gas from the first gas mixing cavity (311) into a primary rotating gas flow; the gas-water coupling cavity (313) is in communication with the second gas mixing cavity (312) and is used to receive the primary rotating gas flow and accelerate to form the first protective gas flow; the liquid nozzle (21) is arranged at the center of the gas-water coupling cavity (313).

3. The coaxial multi-atmosphere water guided laser machining apparatus according to claim 2, wherein The first protective gas flow generating module (31) further comprises a first air inlet channel (314) and a plurality of first spiral flow guide channels (315); the first air inlet channel (314) is in communication with the first gas mixing cavity (311) and is used to input the first protective gas into the first gas mixing cavity (311); the inlet ends of the plurality of first spiral flow guide channels (315) are in communication with the first gas mixing cavity (311) and the outlet ends are in communication with the second gas mixing cavity (312); the plurality of first spiral flow guide channels (315) are uniformly distributed around the axis of the gas-water coupling cavity (313) and the outlet direction is configured to make the gas from the first gas mixing cavity (311) produce a rotating motion around the axis when entering the second gas mixing cavity (312), forming the primary rotating gas flow.

4. The coaxial multi-atmosphere water guided laser machining apparatus according to claim 3, wherein The first protective gas flow generating module (31) further comprises a plurality of second spiral flow guide channels (316); the inlet ends of the plurality of second spiral flow guide channels (316) are in communication with the second gas mixing cavity (312), and the outlet ends are in communication with the gas-water coupling cavity (313); the plurality of second spiral flow guide channels (316) are uniformly distributed around the axis of the gas-water coupling cavity (313), and the outlet direction is configured to make the primary rotating gas flow from the second gas mixing cavity (312) generate a rotating motion around the axis when entering the gas-water coupling cavity (313), forming the first protective gas flow.

5. The coaxial multi-atmosphere water guided laser machining apparatus according to claim 4, wherein The plurality of second spiral flow guide channels (316) are located at a first height in the axial direction of the gas-water coupling cavity (313), and the plurality of first spiral flow guide channels (315) are located at a second height lower than the first height in the axial direction, so that the gas experiences at least two times of rotating acceleration during flowing to the outlet; the flow passage cross-sectional area of the second spiral flow guide channel (316) is smaller than that of the first spiral flow guide channel (315), for accelerating the gas flow.

6. The coaxial multi-atmosphere water guided laser machining apparatus according to claim 4, wherein The inlet end of the second spiral flow guide channel (316) is formed with a tapered flow guide structure, and the inlet cross section is larger than the flow passage cross section of the channel body, for smoothly guiding the gas flow to enter.

7. The coaxial multi-atmosphere water guided laser machining apparatus according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein The gas-water coupling cavity (313) further coaxially comprises an annular protective baffle (317); the annular protective baffle (317) is arranged around the liquid nozzle (21) and comprises a connected inverted conical flow guide section and a cylindrical isolation section from top to bottom, and the lower end extends to a height lower than the outlet of the second spiral flow guide channel (316), thereby separating the inner laser water jet flow channel and the outer first protective gas flow channel in the gas-water coupling cavity (313).

8. The coaxial multi-atmosphere water guided laser machining apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The light-water coupling module (2) further comprises a water inlet channel (22), a first water mixing cavity (23), a second water mixing cavity (24), an annular baffle (25), and an annular overflow gap (26); the water inlet channel (22) is in communication with the annular first water mixing cavity (23); the annular baffle (25) is coaxially arranged between the first water mixing cavity (23) and the second water mixing cavity (24), and the annular baffle (25) and the top wall of the first water mixing cavity (23) form the annular overflow gap (26); the second water mixing cavity (24) is in communication with the first water mixing cavity (23) through the annular overflow gap (26), so that the liquid enters the second water mixing cavity (24) in a circumferentially symmetrical manner; the liquid nozzle (21) is coaxially arranged in the center of the second water mixing cavity (24).

9. The coaxial multi-atmosphere water guided laser machining apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein The at least one second protective gas flow generating module (32) comprises a second air inlet channel (321), a third gas mixing cavity (322), a plurality of third flow guide channels (323), and a fourth gas mixing cavity (324); the second air inlet channel (321) is in communication with the third gas mixing cavity (322) and is used for inputting a second protective gas into the third gas mixing cavity (322); the third gas mixing cavity (322) is an annular cavity, and the axis thereof coincides with the axis of the first protective gas flow generating module (31); the inlet ends of the plurality of third flow guide channels (323) are in communication with the third gas mixing cavity (322), and the outlet ends thereof are in communication with the fourth gas mixing cavity (324); the fourth gas mixing cavity (324) is an annular cavity, coaxially sleeved outside the first protective gas flow generating module (31), and in communication with the corresponding second nozzle (42) through an annular air outlet channel.

10. The coaxial multi-atmosphere water guided laser machining apparatus according to claim 9, wherein The number of the second protective gas flow generating modules (32) is multiple; the fourth gas mixing cavities (324) of the second protective gas flow generating modules (32) and the corresponding second nozzles are coaxially and sequentially nested, and the second air inlet channels (321) of each second protective gas flow generating module (32) are independently arranged to respectively input the same or different kinds of protective gas; the composite nozzle assembly is configured to output a coaxial composite jet flow sequentially from the inside to the outside as the laser water jet flow, the first protective gas flow, and a plurality of layers of the second protective gas flow provided by the multiple independent second protective gas flow generating modules (32).

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