Reduced and synergistic compound fertilizer for sunflower planting and fertilizing method

Abstract

The invention discloses a reduced and synergistic compound fertilizer for sunflower planting and a fertilization method, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizers. The reducing and synergistic compound fertilizer for sunflower planting is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 100 parts of a nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer, 7 to 8 parts of a coating material, 2 to 4 parts of humic acid, 2 to 3 parts of alginic acid, 10 to 12 parts of an organic material and 4 to 6 parts of a compound microbial agent. The compound fertilizer provided by the invention can effectively reduce the use amount of chemical fertilizer, save cost, relieve the problem of soil hardening caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizer, and avoid the influence of excessive fertilization on soil quality; in addition, the compound fertilizer provided by the invention can increase the yield of the sunflower while reducing the use amount of the chemical fertilizer.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of fertilizers, in particular to a compound fertilizer for sunflower planting with reduced amount and increased efficiency and a fertilization method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Sunflower is an annual herbaceous plant of the genus Helianthus in the family Asteraceae, which is native to the southwestern part of North America, has the characteristics of salt-tolerant, poor-tolerant, and drought-resistant, and the seed of sunflower has a high oil content and good oil quality, so it is one of the four major oil crops in the world together with soybean, rapeseed, and peanut. Sunflower can be divided into edible sunflower and oil sunflower, and the seed contains abundant fatty acids, which is a health oil with high edible value and is the main edible oil in developed countries such as Europe and the United States.

[0003] Sunflower is a fertilizer-demanding crop, and a large amount of fertilization is needed during its growth, and chemical fertilizer is still the main fertilizer for maintaining the growth of sunflower. However, the traditional chemical fertilizer contains only one or several nutrient elements, and the frequent use of chemical fertilizer can cause damage to the physical properties of soil, including damage to soil structure and porosity, resulting in soil compaction and poor soil fertility, which hinders the growth of crops, affects the rhizosphere microbial population of crops, and is prone to diseases and pests, and long-term use of chemical fertilizer can cause soil to be acidic, inhibit the development of plant roots, cause insufficient absorption of crops, and cause malnutrition, thereby greatly reducing the yield of crops. Therefore, how to ensure the yield of crops while reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer has become a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a compound fertilizer for sunflower planting with reduced amount and increased efficiency and a fertilization method to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following solutions.

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present application is a compound fertilizer for sunflower planting with reduced amount and increased efficiency, which is proposed based on the actual nutrient requirements of sunflower and the promoting effect of the composition on the nutrient absorption of sunflower, and includes the following raw materials in mass fraction: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer 100 parts, coating material 7-8 parts, humic acid 2-4 parts, alginic acid 2-3 parts, organic material 10-12 parts, and compound microbial agent 4-6 parts.

[0007] Further, the nitrogen in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is calculated as pure N, the phosphorus is calculated as P2O5, and the potassium is calculated as K2O, and the mass ratio of N, P2O5, and K2O is 14:12:14;

[0008] The organic material includes one or more of sunflower straw, peanut shell, and soybean straw.

[0009] The film coating material comprises oxamide, isocyanate and sunflower seed oil in a mass ratio of (4-6):(1-1.5):(1.5-2.5).

[0010] The film coating material of the present application can prevent the rapid release of nutrients, and can make the fertilizer have a longer nutrient release time, so as to meet the demand for nutrients in the middle and later stages of crop growth.

[0011] The application of humic acid is beneficial to improve the leaf area index of sunflower, improve the chlorophyll content of leaf, improve the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate; the application of humic acid can also promote the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of sunflower, increase the plant height, promote the accumulation and transfer of dry matter, improve the single disc grain weight, seed kernel rate and seed setting rate of sunflower, and further improve the yield of sunflower.

[0012] The carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in alginic acid can form stable complexes with ammonium nitrogen, reduce the loss of nitrogen volatilization and leaching, and prolong the effective period of nitrogen in the soil; alginic acid can combine with calcium, iron, aluminum and other metal ions in the soil, avoid the formation of insoluble phosphate with these ions, and improve the content of available phosphorus in the soil; alginic acid can stimulate sunflower root elongation and lateral root germination, expand root absorption area, and enhance the ability to obtain water and nutrients, laying a foundation for high yield.

[0013] Further, the complex microbial agent comprises the following raw materials in mass fraction: 4-6 parts of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 2-3 parts of Bacillus licheniformis, 5-8 parts of Pseudomonas fluorescens, 4-6 parts of Bacillus subtilis, 2-4 parts of Azotobacter chroococcum and 20-25 parts of porous biochar.

[0014] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can secrete metabolites to inhibit harmful microorganisms and reduce their damage to soil structure, while promoting the reproduction of beneficial bacteria to form a stable soil micro-ecosystem; the metabolites (such as exopolysaccharides) of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens can combine with soil organic matter to form water-stable aggregates, increase soil porosity, and alleviate the hardening phenomenon; Bacillus licheniformis can secrete antibacterial substances to inhibit pathogenic bacteria and protect the health of crop roots; Pseudomonas fluorescens can produce auxin substances to stimulate crop root development and enhance absorption capacity, indirectly improving crop yield; Bacillus subtilis can promote crop root growth and enhance crop disease resistance; Azotobacter chroococcum is a self-fixing nitrogen bacteria that can convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonium nitrogen that can be absorbed by plants, reducing the dependence on chemical nitrogen fertilizer; Azotobacter chroococcum can also secrete auxin to directly promote plant growth and fruit development, while enhancing plant stress resistance. The combined use of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Azotobacter chroococcum can improve the structure and porosity of the soil, solve the problem of soil hardening, inhibit soil diseases, promote crop growth and improve crop yield.

[0015] Further, the preparation method of the porous biochar comprises the following steps:

[0016] The sunflower straw is crushed and pre-carbonized to obtain pre-carbonized biomass;

[0017] Potassium oxalate and calcium carbonate are added to the pre-carbonized biomass, and after mixing and grinding, calcination is performed, and finally, acid immersion, washing to neutral, and drying are performed to obtain the porous biochar.

[0018] Further, the pre-carbonization temperature is 500-600 DEG C, and the time is 1-2h;

[0019] The mass ratio of the pre-carbonized biomass, potassium oxalate and calcium carbonate is 1: (0.5-1): (1-1.5);

[0020] The calcination temperature is 400-500 DEG C, and the time is 1-1.5h;

[0021] The acid immersion time is 4-5h.

[0022] The abundant pore structure of the biochar can provide a "shelter" for microorganisms to avoid direct exposure to extreme environments, improve the activity and population number of microorganisms; the organic matter and minerals contained in the biochar can be slowly released to provide sustained nutrient supply for the growth of microorganisms, avoiding the decrease of microbial activity due to nutrient deficiency; the biochar itself can also improve the soil aggregate structure, improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity, and alleviate the problems of soil salinization and hardening, etc., to create a good basic environment for the growth of microorganisms and crops.

[0023] Further, the preparation method of the composite microbial agent comprises the following steps:

[0024] The bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus licheniformis, pseudomonas fluorescens, bacillus subtilis and azotobacter chroococcum are added to the liquid culture medium, mixed and cultured, then the porous biochar is added, loaded and cultured, filtered, and dried at low temperature to obtain the composite microbial agent.

[0025] The second technical scheme of the present application: a preparation method of the above-mentioned compound fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0026] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is crushed and mixed uniformly, then a starch solution is sprayed for granulation to obtain a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer;

[0027] The solution of the coating material is sprayed on the surface of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer to obtain a slow-release fertilizer;

[0028] The mixture of humic acid, alginic acid and the composite microbial agent is wrapped on the surface of the slow-release fertilizer, and finally, the organic material is wrapped to obtain the compound fertilizer.

[0029] Further, the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is in granular form, and the particle size is 3-4 mm.

[0030] The wrapping layer formed by the organic material can act as a physical barrier to slow down the dissolution rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the compound fertilizer, avoiding the "burst release" of nutrients; the wrapping layer can be slowly degraded by microorganism decomposition, water penetration, etc., so that the nutrients are continuously released according to the needs of the crop growth period; it can reduce the excessive growth of plants caused by excessive nutrients in the early stage, and alleviate the early decline caused by nutrient deficiency in the later stage, and improve the nutrient utilization rate.

[0031] The third technical solution of the present application is a fertilization method for sunflower planting, comprising the following steps:

[0032] The above compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer when sunflower is sown, then a nitrogen fertilizer is applied once at the present budding stage of sunflower, and routine field management is carried out.

[0033] Further, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 5.5-6 kg / mu in terms of pure N;

[0034] The application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 3.5-4.5 kg / mu in terms of pure N.

[0035] The present application can reduce the fertilization frequency during the whole growth period of sunflower, reduce the application amount of fertilizer, and save cost by applying the compound fertilizer as base fertilizer.

[0036] The present application has the following technical effects:

[0037] (1) The compound fertilizer of the present application can effectively reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer, save cost, and also alleviate the problem of soil compaction caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizer, avoiding the influence of excessive fertilization on soil quality; and the compound fertilizer of the present application can improve the yield of sunflower while reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer.

[0038] (2) The compound fertilizer of the present application has the effects of loosening soil, slow-release and synergistic effect of fertilizer, straw degradation, and reduction of crop diseases. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] Now, various exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described in detail, which should not be considered as limiting the present application, but should be understood as a more detailed description of certain aspects, characteristics and embodiments of the present application.

[0040] It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the present application. Additionally, for a range of values of, for example, a parameter, an individual value from the range can be expressly disclosed herein to "include" the value itself and, thus, each individual value from the range is to be considered to be expressly disclosed. It is intended to include a broad scope of equivalivity to the properties, methods and examples. Each of the narrower species or range of alternatives

[0041] Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application. All documents mentioned herein are incorporated by reference to disclose and describe the methods and / or materials in connection with which the documents are cited. In case of conflict between the content of the specification and that of any document incorporated herein by reference, the content of the specification prevails.

[0042] Many modifications and variations of the present application described in the specification are possible without departing from the scope or spirit of the application. Other embodiments of the application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. The specification and examples are illustrative only.

[0043] As used herein, the terms "comprise", "comprising", "include", "including", "have", "having" and the like are open-ended and do not exclude additional elements or steps.

[0044] It should be noted that the present application does not describe in detail the conventional operation means in the art, and is not the focus of the present application.

[0045] Studies have shown that reasonable fertilization management is one of the important factors of sunflower production activities. Different nitrogen levels have an impact on the flowering time of sunflower, and nitrogen has no significant effect on sunflower seed protein and hundred seed weight. The effect of phosphorus on sunflower disc diameter, kernel percentage and hundred seed weight is not significant, the interaction between N and P has a significant effect on most of the growth parameters and all yield parameters of sunflower, plant spacing and nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization have a significant effect on the growth and development of sunflower, reasonable planting and reasonable fertilization can increase the seed yield of sunflower. And studies have shown that using earthworm manure as organic fertilizer can increase the yield of sunflower and improve the soil environment of saline-alkali soil. N participates in the synthesis of crop protein, and appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer can increase the vegetative growth of sunflower, increase the leaf area of sunflower population, enhance photosynthesis, and thus increase the yield.

[0046] Welch.R.M et al. showed that micronutrients play an important role in cell division and cell elongation, and can regulate the hormone transmission in plants. Therefore, micronutrients can be applied to promote plant growth, flowering and fruit setting. In addition, applying micronutrients to the soil during sowing can increase crop yield. However, whether the micronutrients in staple foods can indirectly supplement the body's nutritional elements and solve the problem of micronutrient deficiency in the human body needs further study. Most of the soil is deficient in zinc, and some studies have shown that the soil layer contains only a small amount of available zinc, which has become a key factor restricting agricultural development.

[0047] Research progress on edible sunflower fertilization

[0048] (1) Research status of the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on the yield and related traits of major crops

[0049] N, P, and K are the three elements of fertilizer. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the most needed and taken away nutrients in plant cultivation, but they are not returned to the soil in large quantities through residues and roots, so they often need to be supplemented by applying fertilizer. Nitrogen is a component of chlorophyll, and chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b are both nitrogen-containing compounds. The phosphorus content in plants is second only to nitrogen and potassium, and is generally higher in seeds.

[0050] Crop plants at the growth and development stage, especially their young organs with active metabolism, are rich in water, accounting for about 80-90% of fresh weight, and among the dry matter, carbon-containing organic matter is the main component, and the mineral content generally accounts for less than 5% of the total weight. That is, C, H, and O elements and the water and organic matter composed of them account for more than 95%. However, since these three elements come from carbon dioxide in the air and water in the soil, in general, crops do not need to be supplemented by fertilization. The necessary supplements are nitrogen and ash elements.

[0051] Nitrogen is a nutrient element of special importance in plant life. The average nitrogen content in plants is about 1.5% of the dry weight, with a content range of 0.3-0.5%. Except for leguminous crops that can directly absorb molecular nitrogen in the air through symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules to provide a significant portion of the nitrogen required by crops, most crops require a large amount of nitrogen from the soil for growth and development. Nitrogen in plants actively and continuously participates in various life activities. In proteins, nitrogen accounts for an average of 16-18%, and is a basic component. Since proteins are contained in every living cell, nitrogen also actively participates in the life activities of every living cell. Other important substances in plants, such as chlorophyll, phospholipids, enzymes, plant hormones such as auxins, alkaloids, and various vitamins, also contain nitrogen.

[0052] Phosphorus, unlike nitrates and sulfates, is not reduced in the plant and remains in the oxidized state as orthophosphate. In the normal pH range of plant cells, orthophosphate exists mainly as monobasic orthophosphate H2PO4 - inorganic phosphate paired with some cation, or it can be combined with organic matter through its hydroxyl group to form various phosphoric acid esters and compounds containing phosphoric acyl groups. That is, phosphorus exists in both organic and inorganic forms in the plant. As an organic phosphorus component, phosphorus is an essential element for the composition of nucleic acids and various phosphoric acid esters. Nucleic acids, as structural units of DNA and RNA macromolecules, are all composed of phosphate bridges, that is, esterification of phosphate and sugar groups on the nucleic acid. Phosphoric acid can also bridge esterification between a glycerol triester and another molecule (amino acid, amide, or alcohol), such as forming phosphatidylalkali (lecithin). This is a phospholipid that has both lipophilic and hydrophilic regions and is the main component of biological membranes. Phosphate also exists in various coenzymes, the most important of which is adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is an energy transfer and carrier in various biochemical reactions. Metabolic processes and enzymes in crops can be activated by phosphorylation, which transfers the phosphoryl group in ATP to metabolism, such as to glucose or some enzyme. Phosphorus in the form of inorganic matter in the plant mainly plays a physiological regulation role, which can activate the activity of some enzymes such as phosphofructokinase, promote photosynthesis and carbohydrate transformation, participate in the body's buffering system to regulate the appropriate pH, etc. Therefore, phosphorus has the following multiple roles in crop growth: promoting cell division, accelerating the growth of seedlings and root systems; promoting respiration and water absorption in crops, improving water use efficiency and the ability to survive short-term drought during water shortage; promoting carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism, synthesis, and transport, thus facilitating the decline in grain moisture content during the maturation period, early and full maturation. For example, sufficient phosphorus nutrition can make wheat mature 4-7 days earlier, and tomato flowering 8-10 days earlier; enhance the stress resistance of crops, improve the ability to resist cold, drought, and disease, improve product quality, and increase market value; promote the growth of legume root systems, shorten the time required for nodule development and activation, increase the number, volume, and nitrogen assimilation of nodules, and increase the yield and nitrogen content of legume products.

[0053] The high concentration of K + and the high activity of K + in crops play an important role in many physiological processes of crops. (1) Potassium is an activator of many enzymes. There are about 60 enzymes in plants that require K +Activate it. Therefore, potassium can promote the normal progress of various physiological metabolic reactions in plants. Potassium deficiency will produce a series of biochemical changes in plants, such as the accumulation of soluble carbohydrates and nitrogenous substances, the decrease in starch content, and the increase in polyphenol oxidase activity. (2) Potassium can promote photosynthesis. This is mainly manifested in the fact that potassium can increase the amount of CO2 assimilated by crops and reduce the respiration of mitochondria, thereby reducing the consumption of carbon compounds. (3) Potassium can promote the synthesis of sugars and fats. The main form of sugar transport in crops is sucrose phosphate. Experiments have shown that when more potassium fertilizer is applied, the potassium content in the plant increases. + When the concentration increases, it can significantly increase the content of sucrose and its phosphate esters in the body, thereby increasing the starch and sugar content of some potassium-loving crops such as sweet potatoes, potatoes, beets, and tomatoes. (4) Potassium can promote cellulose synthesis. Cellulose is also a polysaccharide compound, and potassium has a promoting effect on its synthesis. Therefore, potassium fertilizer has a good fertilizer effect on fiber crops such as cotton and hemp. (5) Potassium can enhance the crop's resistance to stress and improve the utilization rate of water. (6) Potassium has a positive effect on biological nitrogen fixation. Legumes need more potassium because potassium is conducive to the early formation of root nodules in these crops, increasing the number of root nodules and improving the nitrogen fixation activity of root nodules, thereby increasing their yield and nitrogen harvest.

[0054] The Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Azotobacter chrysogenum used in this invention are all commercially available products.

[0055] The preparation methods of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial suspension, Bacillus licheniformis bacterial suspension, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis bacterial suspension, and Azotobacter brownii bacterial suspension in specific embodiments of the present invention are as follows:

[0056] Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Azotobacter brownii were activated and cultured in commonly used liquid culture media before fermentation, yielding an effective viable count of 2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 8 ~1.0×10 9 CFU / mL of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Azotobacter brownii.

[0057] In the following examples, "parts" refers to "parts by weight".

[0058] In the specific embodiments of the present invention, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer contains nitrogen as pure N, phosphorus as P2O5 and potassium as K2O, and the mass ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O is 14:12:14.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] A method for preparing a compound fertilizer for sunflower cultivation that reduces fertilizer usage and increases yield:

[0061] (1) The compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer 100 parts, coating material 8 parts, humic acid 3 parts, alginic acid 3 parts, organic material 12 parts, and compound microbial agent 5 parts.

[0062] The coating material is oxamide, isocyanate and sunflower seed oil in a mass ratio of 5:1.5:2.

[0063] The organic material is sunflower stalk, peanut shell and soybean stalk in a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the particle size is 5 μm.

[0064] (2) Preparation of the compound microbial agent:

[0065] A. The compound microbial agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial liquid (effective viable count 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL) 5 parts, Bacillus licheniformis bacterial liquid (effective viable count 5.×10 8 cfu / mL) 2 parts, Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterial liquid (effective viable count 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL) 8 parts, Bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid (effective viable count 3.0×10 8 cfu / mL) 6 parts, Azotobacter chroococcum bacterial liquid (effective viable count 6.0×10 8 cfu / mL) 3 parts, and porous biochar 22 parts.

[0066] B. Preparation of the porous biochar: sunflower stalks are crushed to 500 mesh, and then pre-carbonization is carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere (pre-carbonization temperature 550℃, time 1.5h) to obtain pre-carbonized biomass;

[0067] Potassium oxalate and calcium carbonate are added to the pre-carbonized biomass (mass ratio of pre-carbonized biomass, potassium oxalate and calcium carbonate 1:0.8:1.2), mixed and ground uniformly, calcined (temperature 450℃, time 1h), and finally immersed in a 0.1 mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 5h, washed with water until neutral, and dried to obtain the porous biochar.

[0068] C. Preparation of the compound microbial agent: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial liquid, Bacillus licheniformis bacterial liquid, Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterial liquid, Bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid and Azotobacter chroococcum bacterial liquid are mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid;

[0069] The mixed bacterial liquid and LB liquid medium are mixed at a volume ratio of 1:50, cultured in a shaking bed (30℃, 200r / min) for 24h, then the porous biochar is added, and cultured in a shaking bed (30℃, 100r / min) for 24h, and the filter cake is collected after filtration and dried at low temperature (35℃) to obtain the compound microbial agent.

[0070] (3) Preparation of the compound fertilizer:

[0071] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was crushed and mixed uniformly, and then granulated by spraying a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% to obtain a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer (particle size: 4 mm);

[0072] The coating material was heated to 80℃ to obtain a solution of the coating material, and the solution of the coating material was sprayed (spraying temperature: 80℃, pressure: 10 MPa) on the surface of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer (particle size: 4 mm) to obtain a slow-release fertilizer;

[0073] The slow-release fertilizer was added to a mixture of humic acid, alginic acid and a compound microbial agent, and a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% was sprayed to wrap the humic acid, alginic acid and compound microbial agent on the surface of the slow-release fertilizer; then organic material was added, and a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% was sprayed to wrap the fertilizer with the organic material, to obtain a compound fertilizer.

[0074] Example 2

[0075] A preparation method of a compound fertilizer for sunflower planting with reduced amount and increased efficiency:

[0076] (1) The compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in mass fraction: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer 100 parts, coating material 7 parts, humic acid 2 parts, alginic acid 2 parts, organic material 10 parts and compound microbial agent 4 parts.

[0077] The coating material is oxamide, isocyanate and sunflower seed oil with a mass ratio of 4:1:2.5.

[0078] The organic material is sunflower straw, peanut shell and soybean straw with a mass ratio of 1:1:1, and the particle size is 5μm.

[0079] (2) Preparation of the compound microbial agent:

[0080] A. The compound microbial agent is composed of the following raw materials in mass fraction: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterial liquid (effective viable count: 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL) 6 parts, Bacillus licheniformis bacterial liquid (effective viable count: 5.×10 8 cfu / mL) 3 parts, Pseudomonas fluorescens bacterial liquid (effective viable count: 1.0×10 9 cfu / mL) 6 parts, Bacillus subtilis bacterial liquid (effective viable count: 3.0×10 8 cfu / mL) 4 parts, Azotobacter chroococcum bacterial liquid (effective viable count: 6.0×10 8 cfu / mL) 4 parts and porous biochar 20 parts.

[0081] B. Preparation of porous biochar: After the sunflower straw was crushed to 500 mesh, it was pre-carbonized under nitrogen atmosphere (the pre-carbonization temperature was 500℃, and the time was 2h) to obtain pre-carbonized biomass;

[0082] Potassium oxalate and calcium carbonate were added to the pre-carbonized biomass (the mass ratio of pre-carbonized biomass, potassium oxalate and calcium carbonate was 1:0.5:1.5), mixed and ground uniformly, calcined (the temperature was 400℃, and the time was 1.5h), and finally immersed in a 0.1mol / L hydrochloric acid solution for 4h. After washing with water until neutral, drying was performed to obtain porous biochar.

[0083] C. Preparation of composite microbial agent: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Azotobacter chroococcum were mixed uniformly to obtain a mixed bacterial solution;

[0084] The mixed bacterial solution and LB liquid medium were mixed at a volume ratio of 1:50, and then placed in a shaking bed (30℃, 200r / min) for 24h. Then, the porous biochar was added, and the mixture was placed in a shaking bed (30℃, 100r / min) for 24h. After filtration, the filter cake was collected and dried at low temperature (35℃) to obtain a composite microbial agent.

[0085] (3) Preparation of compound fertilizer:

[0086] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was crushed and mixed uniformly, and then granulated by spraying a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% to obtain a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer (particle size was 3mm);

[0087] The coating material was heated to 80℃ to obtain a solution of the coating material. The solution of the coating material was sprayed (the spraying temperature was 80℃, and the pressure was 10MPa) on the surface of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer (particle size was 3mm) to obtain a slow-release fertilizer;

[0088] The slow-release fertilizer was added to a mixture of humic acid, alginic acid and the composite microbial agent, and a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% was sprayed to wrap the humic acid, alginic acid and the composite microbial agent on the surface of the slow-release fertilizer. Then, the organic material was added, and a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% was sprayed to wrap the fertilizer with the organic material to obtain a compound fertilizer.

[0089] Comparative Example 1

[0090] The same as Example 1, except that the compound fertilizer did not contain humic acid and alginic acid.

[0091] Step (3) is specifically:

[0092] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is crushed and mixed uniformly, and then a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% is sprayed to granulate, to obtain a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer (particle size 4mm);

[0093] The coating material is heated to 80℃ to obtain a solution of the coating material, and the solution of the coating material is sprayed (temperature of spraying 80℃, pressure 10MPa) on the surface of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer (particle size 4mm) to obtain a slow-release fertilizer;

[0094] The slow-release fertilizer is added to the compound microbial agent and a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% is sprayed to wrap the compound microbial agent on the surface of the slow-release fertilizer; then the organic material is added and a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% is sprayed to wrap the fertilizer with the organic material, to obtain a compound fertilizer.

[0095] Comparative Example 2

[0096] The same as Example 1, except that the compound fertilizer does not contain the compound microbial agent.

[0097] Step (3) is specifically:

[0098] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is crushed and mixed uniformly, and then a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% is sprayed to granulate, to obtain a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer (particle size 4mm);

[0099] The coating material is heated to 80℃ to obtain a solution of the coating material, and the solution of the coating material is sprayed (temperature of spraying 80℃, pressure 10MPa) on the surface of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer (particle size 4mm) to obtain a slow-release fertilizer;

[0100] The slow-release fertilizer is added to the mixture of humic acid and alginic acid and a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% is sprayed to wrap the humic acid and alginic acid on the surface of the slow-release fertilizer; then the organic material is added and a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% is sprayed to wrap the fertilizer with the organic material, to obtain a compound fertilizer.

[0101] Comparative Example 3

[0102] The same as Example 1, except that the compound fertilizer does not contain the organic material.

[0103] Step (3) is specifically:

[0104] The nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is crushed and mixed uniformly, and then a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% is sprayed to granulate, to obtain a nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer (particle size 4mm);

[0105] The coating material is heated to 80℃ to obtain a solution of the coating material, and the solution of the coating material is sprayed (temperature of spraying 80℃, pressure 10MPa) on the surface of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer (particle size 4mm) to obtain a slow-release fertilizer;

[0106] The slow-release fertilizer is added into the mixture of humic acid, alginic acid and the compound microbial agent, and a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2wt.% is sprayed, so that the humic acid, alginic acid and the compound microbial agent are wrapped on the surface of the slow-release fertilizer, to obtain the compound fertilizer.

[0107] Comparative Example 4

[0108] The same as Example 1, except that the alginic acid in the compound fertilizer is replaced by an equal mass fraction of hyaluronic acid; and the humic acid is replaced by an equal mass fraction of lignin.

[0109] Comparative Example 5

[0110] The same as Example 1, except that the coating material is isocyanate.

[0111] Comparative Example 6

[0112] The same as Example 1, except that the compound microbial agent does not contain Bacillus licheniformis and Pseudomonas fluorescens.

[0113] Comparative Example 7

[0114] The same as Example 1, except that the porous biochar is prepared by: crushing sunflower straw to 500 mesh, and then carbonizing under a nitrogen atmosphere (carbonization temperature is 450°C, and time is 1h), to obtain the porous biochar.

[0115] Application Example 1

[0116] The planting plot is divided into several 100m 2 blocks, and each fertilizer treatment is applied to 3 blocks, and the specific method is as follows:

[0117] Treatment group: before sowing sunflower (variety is Xiankui 361, and sowing density is 28000 plants / hm 2 ), the compound fertilizer prepared in the example or the comparative example is applied as base fertilizer into the soil, and the amount of the compound fertilizer is 6kg / acre in terms of pure N; once nitrogen fertilizer (urea, 46%) is applied (flushed with water) at the present budding stage of the sunflower, and the amount is 4kg / acre in terms of pure N; and the conventional field management is performed.

[0118] Control group: before sowing sunflower (variety is Xiankui 361, and sowing density is 28000 plants / hm 2 ), the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is applied as base fertilizer into the soil, and the amount of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is 7.8kg / acre in terms of pure N; once nitrogen fertilizer (urea, 46%) is applied (flushed with water) at the present budding stage of the sunflower, and the amount is 4.8kg / acre in terms of pure N; and the conventional field management is performed.

[0119] The preparation method of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is as follows: the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is crushed and mixed uniformly, and then granulated by spraying a starch aqueous solution with a concentration of 2 wt.% to obtain the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer (with a particle size of 4 mm).

[0120] The sunflowers in each plot were harvested, and the harvested kernels were removed from the pan and weighed to calculate the yield per mu;

[0121] After threshing and harvesting, all the kernels were mixed uniformly, 500 kernels were taken therefrom, the number of kernels without kernel was measured, the measurement was repeated three times, and the average value was taken.

[0122] Empty shell rate (%) = number of kernels without kernel / 500 x 100%.

[0123] Kernel rate: after removing the chaff, 100 g of sunflower sample naturally air-dried was weighed, the weight of kernel after peeling was weighed, and the kernel rate was measured.

[0124] Kernel rate (%) = kernel weight / 100 g x 100%.

[0125] Table 1 Sunflower planting effect

[0126]

[0127] As can be seen from Table 1, the compound fertilizer of the present application can reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer while increasing the yield of sunflower kernels to 321.3 kg / mu, reducing the empty shell rate to 8.7%, and increasing the kernel rate to 67.2%, and the planting effect is significantly better than that of ordinary chemical fertilizer.

[0128] The above-described embodiments are only used to describe the preferred modes of the present application, and do not limit the scope of the present application, and various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art without departing from the design spirit of the present application shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A synergistic compound fertilizer for sunflower cultivation, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following mass fractions: nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer 100 parts, coating material 7-8 parts, humic acid 2-4 parts, alginic acid 2-3 parts, organic material 10-12 parts, and composite microbial agent 4-6 parts.

2. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The nitrogen in the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is calculated as pure N, the phosphorus is calculated as P2O5, and the potassium is calculated as K2O, and the mass ratio of N, P2O5 and K2O is 14:12:14; And / or, the organic material includes one or more of sunflower stalks, peanut shells, and soybean stalks; And / or, the coating material includes oxamide, isocyanate and sunflower seed oil in a mass ratio of (4-6):(1-1.5):(1.5-2.5).

3. The compound fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The composite microbial agent includes the following mass fractions of raw materials: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 4-6 parts, Bacillus licheniformis 2-3 parts, Pseudomonas fluorescens 5-8 parts, Bacillus subtilis 4-6 parts, Azotobacter chroococcum 2-4 parts, and porous biochar 20-25 parts.

4. The compound fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preparation method of the porous biochar includes the following steps: The sunflower stalks are crushed and pre-carbonized to obtain pre-carbonized biomass; Potassium oxalate and calcium carbonate are added to the pre-carbonized biomass, mixed and ground, then calcined, and finally acid leached, washed to neutral, and dried to obtain the porous biochar.

5. The compound fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pre-carbonization temperature is 500-600℃, and the time is 1-2h; And / or, the mass ratio of the pre-carbonized biomass, potassium oxalate and calcium carbonate is 1:(0.5-1):(1-1.5); And / or, the calcination temperature is 400-500℃, and the time is 1-1.5h; And / or, the acid leaching time is 4-5h.

6. The compound fertilizer according to claim 3, characterized in that, The preparation method of the composite microbial agent includes the following steps: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Azotobacter chroococcum are added to a liquid culture medium, mixed and cultured, then porous biochar is added, loaded and cultured, filtered, dried at low temperature, and the composite microbial agent is obtained.

7. A method of producing the compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by, The method includes the following steps: The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is crushed and mixed uniformly, then a starch solution is sprayed to granulate, and a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is obtained; A solution of the coating material is sprayed on the surface of the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer to obtain a slow-release fertilizer; A mixture of humic acid, alginic acid and composite microbial agent is wrapped on the surface of the slow-release fertilizer, and finally an organic material is wrapped to obtain the compound fertilizer.

8. The preparation method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer is in the form of granules with a particle size of 3-4mm.

9. A method of fertilizing sunflower planting, characterized by, The method includes the following steps: The compound fertilizer of any one of claims 1-6 is applied as base fertilizer when sunflowers are sown, then a nitrogen fertilizer is applied once at the present budding stage of sunflowers, and routine field management is performed.

10. The method of applying a fertilizer of claim 9, wherein, The application amount of the compound fertilizer is 5.5-6kg / mu calculated as pure N; The application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer is 3.5-4.5kg / mu calculated as pure N.

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