Solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption unit, adsorption device and recovery system

Abstract

The invention discloses a solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption unit, an adsorption device and a recovery system, and belongs to the field of recovery of carbon dioxide in flue gas, high-temperature flue gas releases heat for the first time after being filtered and releases heat for the second time after being desulfurized and denitrated, and finally formed low-temperature flue gas and solid amine particles are subjected to adsorption reaction. The solid amine particles adsorbing the carbon dioxide are heated through two times of heat absorption and finally are directly heated by high-temperature water vapor, and the solid amine particles after the carbon dioxide is separated out are cooled and then participate in the reaction again. The flue gas is cooled through two times of heat exchange, the temperature of the flue gas is reduced so that the flue gas can be better adsorbed by solid amine particles, heat released by flue gas cooling is used for preheating the solid amine particles adsorbing carbon dioxide, the temperature of the solid amine particles is gradually increased, and therefore the use amount of steam is further reduced when steam is used for heating.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon dioxide recovery from flue gas, specifically a solid amine adsorption unit, adsorption device, and recovery system for carbon dioxide. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon dioxide is an important industrial gas. In industrial production, the flue gas produced by combustion contains not only nitrogen, which has the highest content, but also a high concentration of carbon dioxide. Recovering and reusing carbon dioxide can further reduce carbon emissions and turn carbon dioxide from waste into treasure, which has extremely high economic value.

[0003] Among existing carbon dioxide adsorption methods, the most mature and low-cost method is adsorption. The main principle of adsorption is to use a solid adsorbent to adsorb carbon dioxide from a gas mixture. This principle is based on the spatial structure and polarity of carbon dioxide molecules. An adsorbent with a stronger adsorption force on the carbon dioxide component of the gas mixture than on other components is selected. Because the attraction between the molecules of each component in the gas mixture and the active sites on the surface of the adsorbent is different, when the gas mixture passes through the adsorbent carried in the adsorption bed under a certain pressure, the adsorbent selectively absorbs the carbon dioxide, thereby achieving the separation and recovery of carbon dioxide gas.

[0004] Currently, a representative example is the adsorption of carbon dioxide by solid amines. For instance, the invention patent application number 2021106156225 filed by Beijing Derunchen Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd. discloses a carbon dioxide adsorbent, its preparation method, and its application. This adsorbent can adsorb carbon dioxide at low temperatures and precipitate the adsorbed carbon dioxide at higher temperatures.

[0005] To release carbon dioxide from adsorbed solid amine particles, existing technologies generally employ indirect or direct heating. Indirect heating involves raising the temperature of the solid amine particles through heat exchange to release carbon dioxide, while direct heating uses electric or steam heating to release the carbon dioxide gas. Steam heating is the less costly method.

[0006] The heat from high-temperature flue gas is generally used through waste heat recovery. However, there is currently no technology that utilizes the waste heat of flue gas to decompose solid amine particles and generate carbon dioxide. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide unit, adsorption device and recovery system. Before the flue gas undergoes solid amine particle adsorption of carbon dioxide, the flue gas is cooled down by two heat exchanges to lower its temperature so that it can be better adsorbed by the solid amine particles. The heat released by the cooling of the flue gas is used to preheat the solid amine particles that have already adsorbed carbon dioxide, gradually increasing their temperature, thereby further reducing the amount of steam used when using steam heating.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to achieve the above-mentioned technical objective is as follows: a solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide unit, comprising a closed shell extending in the height direction, solid amine particles entering from the solid amine particle injection pipe at the top of the closed shell, flowing downwards by gravity, and exiting from the solid amine particle discharge pipe at the bottom of the closed shell, carbon dioxide-containing gas entering from the gas inlet pipe at the bottom of the closed shell, reacting with the downward-flowing solid amine particles during its ascent within the closed shell, and then exiting from the gas discharge pipe at the top of the closed shell, wherein the closed shell is provided with a plurality of buffer members, which divide the space within the closed shell into multiple chambers, each buffer member having a permeable hole on its surface connecting the chambers on both sides; the solid amine particles, during their downward flow, sequentially flow through and fill each chamber, rubbing and colliding with the buffer members and tumbling over.

[0009] As an optimized solution for the aforementioned solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide unit, the buffer member is a mesh structure woven from elastic metal wires, and the edge of the mesh structure is directly or through an elastic element fixed to the side wall of the closed shell.

[0010] As another optimized solution for the above-mentioned solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide unit, the buffer member is a plate-shaped piece with densely distributed perforations on its surface, and its edges are fixed to the side wall of the closed shell by elastic elements.

[0011] As another optimized solution for the above-mentioned solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide unit, the elastic element is a spring, and the spring is installed at a position higher than the height of the buffer member to suspend the buffer member.

[0012] As another optimized option for the above-mentioned solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide unit, the diameter of the permeable pore is 4-6 times the diameter of the solid ammonia particles.

[0013] As another optimized solution for the above-mentioned solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide unit, a spiral metal wire is arranged along its height direction inside the closed shell. Each buffer component is fixedly connected to the spiral metal wire. The top end of the spiral metal wire is connected to a vibrating plate. The vibrating plate is suspended at the outlet end of the solid amine particle injection tube by the metal wire. When the solid amine particles are intermittently discharged, they impact the surface of the vibrating plate, so that the vibration is transmitted to each buffer component through the spiral metal wire.

[0014] A carbon dioxide adsorption device includes at least one set of solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption units, wherein the solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption units are those described above.

[0015] A carbon dioxide recovery system for flue gas includes a filtration and impurity removal device, a waste heat desorption device, a desulfurization and denitrification device, a preheating device, a carbon dioxide adsorption device, and a carbon dioxide desorption device. High-temperature flue gas first passes through the filtration and impurity removal device to remove internal solid particulate impurities. The resulting purified flue gas releases heat in the waste heat desorption device, then passes through the desulfurization and denitrification device to remove sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. The resulting clean flue gas then enters the preheating device to release heat again. Finally, the low-temperature flue gas enters the carbon dioxide adsorption device to undergo an adsorption reaction with solid amine particles. The solid amine particles, after adsorbing carbon dioxide, first absorb heat in the preheating device, then are sent to the waste heat desorption device for a second heat absorption and temperature increase. Finally, they enter the carbon dioxide desorption device where they are directly heated by high-temperature steam. The solid amine particles, after precipitating carbon dioxide, are cooled by a particle cooling device and then sent back to the carbon dioxide adsorption device. The carbon dioxide adsorption device is the one described above.

[0016] As an optimized solution for the aforementioned carbon dioxide recovery system in flue gas, the waste heat desorption device and the preheating device have the same structure, including a shell with a carbon dioxide discharge pipe at the top and a first solid amine particle outlet at the bottom, and a solid amine particle inlet pipe on one side of the carbon dioxide discharge pipe; the shell is provided with several partition pipe layers inside, which divide the shell into several heat exchange chambers from top to bottom. Each partition pipe layer is a layered structure with gaps formed by a flue gas pipe arranged in a curved manner. Adjacent heat exchange chambers are connected by gaps. After the solid amine particles enter the shell from the solid amine particle inlet pipe, they pass through these heat exchange chambers one by one by their own gravity, and exchange heat with the flue gas flowing in the partition pipe layers and are heated up. Finally, they are discharged from the first solid amine particle outlet. The carbon dioxide gas desorbed by the heated solid amine particles is discharged from the carbon dioxide discharge pipe and collected; on the outside of the shell, there are symmetrically arranged air inlet distribution pipes with air inlet pipe interfaces and exhaust converging pipes with exhaust pipe interfaces. One end of all flue gas pipes forming the partition pipe layers is connected to the air inlet distribution pipe, and the other end is connected to the exhaust converging pipe.

[0017] As another optimized solution for the aforementioned carbon dioxide recovery system in flue gas, the carbon dioxide desorption device includes a cylinder with a gas outlet and a solid amine particle inlet at the top, a second solid amine particle outlet and a high-temperature steam inlet pipe at the bottom. Inside the cylinder, there are several partition cylinders with openings at both ends and concentric with the cylinder, which divide the cylinder into several annular channels. Solid amine particles discharged through the solid amine particle inlet flow from top to bottom along the annular channels. During this process, a semi-circular diffuser is provided at one end of the high-temperature steam inlet pipe. The diffuser evenly sprays high-temperature steam to the bottom of all annular channels, heating the solid amine particles as they rise along the annular channels. The released carbon dioxide and water vapor are discharged from the gas outlet, and the solid amine particles are discharged from the second solid amine particle outlet.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) Before the solid amine particles adsorb carbon dioxide, the flue gas undergoes two heat exchange cooling processes to lower its temperature so that it can be better adsorbed by the solid amine particles. The heat released by the flue gas cooling is used to preheat the solid amine particles that have already adsorbed carbon dioxide, gradually increasing their temperature, thereby further reducing the amount of steam used when using steam heating. 2) In the waste heat desorption device and preheating device of the present invention, several partition tube layers are provided. Each partition tube layer is essentially a flue gas pipe arranged in a curved manner. During the curved arrangement, gaps are also formed for the solid amine to flow through. The partition tube layer forms multiple chambers. As the solid amine particles flow from top to bottom by gravity, they fill each chamber in sequence and exchange heat with the flue gas. This effectively reduces the flue gas temperature while increasing the temperature of the solid amine particles. The presence of the partition tube layer not only reduces the flow velocity of the solid amine particles and prolongs their residence time in the device, but also effectively increases the overall temperature inside the device, maintaining temperature uniformity from top to bottom. 3) The carbon dioxide desorption device of the present invention divides the inner part of the cylinder into several annular channels by setting concentric partition cylinders inside the cylinder. Solid amine particles are heated by contacting water vapor from top to bottom and from bottom to top in the annular channels. The existence of the annular channels allows the solid amine particles to fully contact the water vapor, which greatly improves the heating efficiency of the water vapor. Moreover, by setting the diffuser, not only can the water vapor be evenly sprayed to the bottom of each annular channel, but the gap between its edge and the inner wall of the device reduces the speed at which the solid amine particles flow out of the device and prolongs their heating time in the device. 4) The solid amine adsorption unit for carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide adsorption device of the present invention, by setting a buffer component with a special structure in the solid amine flow channel, not only slows down the flow speed of the solid amine particles and prolongs the reaction time with the gas, but more importantly, it continuously changes the morphology of the solid amine particles in the flow process, so that they are in a cycle of "accumulation-loosening-accumulation-loosening", and in this process, the position of the solid amine particles in the accumulation state also changes, so as to fully generate an adsorption reaction with carbon dioxide and greatly improve the adsorption rate of the solid amine particles. The buffer components of this invention, whether mesh structures or plate-like components suspended by elastic elements, are very lightweight and thin. This ensures that they vibrate when impacted by solid amine particles or blown by gas (as gas entry requires a certain pressure and flow rate). During this vibration, the already "accumulated" or "accumulating" solid amine particles are disturbed, disrupting their "accumulation" structure and altering their position. Furthermore, particles in contact with the surface tumble due to friction and contact, changing their flow state and reducing their flow velocity, thus allowing the solid amine particles to fully absorb carbon dioxide. To enhance the vibration of the buffer components, this invention can also incorporate a spiral metal wire connected to each buffer component. The top of the spiral wire is connected to a suspended vibrating plate located at the solid amine particle injection port. During intermittent injection of solid amine particles, the impact on the vibrating plate causes the buffer components to vibrate via the spiral metal wire, thereby changing the flow pattern and position of the solid amine particles in each chamber, allowing them to fully react with the gas. The buffer member of the present invention can also be configured as alternating upper convex and lower concave parts along the height direction. A flow channel is formed between the edge of the upper convex part and the inner wall of the shell, and a central channel is formed at the center of the lower concave part. This allows both solid amine particles and gas to flow within the shell in a deflected manner, prolonging the flow path and reaction time. Simultaneously, it disrupts the "aggregation" structure of the solid amine particles, alters their position, and causes particles in contact with their surfaces to tumble due to friction and contact, changing their flow state and reducing their flow velocity. This allows the solid amine particles to fully absorb carbon dioxide. The concave surface is covered with arc-shaped protrusions, which also serve to increase friction and promote changes in particle shape. The spiral metal wire is connected to the top of each upper protrusion, making these upper protrusions form an eccentric structure. The top of the spiral metal wire is connected to a suspended vibrating plate located at the solid amine particle injection port. When solid amine particles are intermittently injected, they impact the vibrating plate, which in turn causes the eccentric upper protrusions to vibrate through the spiral metal wire. This changes the flow pattern and position of the solid amine particles in each chamber, allowing them to fully react with the gas. The eccentric upper protrusions amplify this vibration amplitude. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the waste heat desorption device and the preheating device; Figure 3 for Figure 2 A top view of a type of split-layer structure; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide desorption device; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of one embodiment of a solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide unit in a carbon dioxide adsorption device; Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of one implementation method at point A in the middle; Figure 7 for Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of another implementation method at point A in the middle; Figure 8 for Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of another implementation method at point A in the middle; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of another implementation of the solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide unit in a carbon dioxide adsorption device. Figure 10 for Figure 9 A magnified diagram of point B in the middle; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of another embodiment of the solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide unit in a carbon dioxide adsorption device. Figure 12 for Figure 11 A magnified diagram of point C in the middle; Figure 13 A schematic diagram illustrating one embodiment of assembling multiple solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption units into a carbon dioxide adsorption device; Reference numerals: 1. Shell; 101. Inlet pipe interface; 102. Inlet distribution pipe; 103. Separator layer; 104. Exhaust converging pipe; 105. Exhaust pipe interface; 106. Heat exchange chamber; 107. Carbon dioxide exhaust pipe; 108. First solid amine particle outlet; 109. Solid amine particle inlet pipe; 1010. Gap; 2. Cylinder; 201. Solid amine particle inlet; 202. Second solid amine particle outlet; 203. Gas outlet; 204. High-temperature steam inlet pipe; 205. Diverging head; 206. Separator cylinder; 207. Annular channel; 3. Enclosed shell; 301. Solid amine particles 302. Discharge pipe, 303. Solid amine particle injection pipe, 304. Gas inlet pipe, 305. Gas outlet pipe, 306. Chamber, 4. Buffer component, 401. Through hole, 402. Vibrating plate, 403. Spiral metal wire, 404. Metal wire, 405. Upper protrusion, 406. Elastic component, 407. Flow channel, 408. Lower recess, 409. Central channel, 5. Outer shell, 501. Main air inlet pipe, 502. Main feed pipe, 503. Water injection pipe, 504. Overflow pipe, 505. Cooling channel, 6. Solid amine particle gathering chamber, 601. Discharge port, 7. Gas gathering chamber, 701. Exhaust port. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Parts not explicitly described in the following embodiments of the present invention, such as the filtration and impurity removal device, desulfurization and denitrification device used, the composition, size, and adsorption and desorption mechanism of solid amine particles (e.g., the content disclosed in application number 2021106156225 regarding a carbon dioxide adsorbent and its preparation method and application), the speed and flow rate of solid amine particles entering the solid amine particle injection pipe, whether airflow assistance is required, the flow rate and flow rate of gas entering, and the need for airflow assistance when solid amine particles are transferred within the system, are all considered to be prior art known or should be known by those skilled in the art.

[0021] Example 1 A method for recovering carbon dioxide from flue gas, such as Figure 1 As shown, it includes the following steps: 1) The high-temperature flue gas is filtered to remove internal dust and impurities, becoming clean flue gas. The temperature of the clean flue gas does not exceed 350℃. Then, the clean flue gas undergoes the first heat exchange with the solid amine particles that adsorb carbon dioxide. Some of the solid amine particles are heated and desorb carbon dioxide. The cooled flue gas is then desulfurized and denitrified to form clean flue gas. 2) The clean flue gas undergoes a second heat exchange with the solid amine particles that adsorb carbon dioxide, forming a low-temperature flue gas that undergoes an adsorption reaction with the solid amine particles. The flue gas after adsorption is completed is then discharged. The temperature of the low-temperature flue gas generally does not exceed 60℃. 3) After the reaction, the solid amine particles that adsorb carbon dioxide first exchange heat with the clean flue gas in step 2) to raise its temperature, and then exchange heat with the impurity-removed flue gas in step 1) to further raise its temperature. 4) The solid amine particles heated in step 3) are passed through high-temperature water vapor at a temperature of 110-140℃, so that the solid amine particles release the adsorbed carbon dioxide. The released carbon dioxide is dehumidified and then compressed and stored. The ratio of water vapor to solid amine particles is determined by experiment based on actual conditions. After being cooled, the solid amine particles are returned to step 2) to undergo an adsorption reaction with the low-temperature flue gas.

[0022] Example 2 A carbon dioxide recovery system in flue gas, such as Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a filtration and impurity removal device, a waste heat removal device, a desulfurization and denitrification device, a preheating device, a carbon dioxide adsorption device, and a carbon dioxide desorption device. The filtration and impurity removal device and the desulfurization and denitrification device can be existing flue gas filtration and dust removal devices and desulfurization and denitrification devices, which will not be elaborated here. High-temperature flue gas first passes through the filtration and impurity removal device to remove internal solid particulate impurities. The resulting purified flue gas releases heat in the waste heat removal device, then passes through the desulfurization and denitrification device to remove sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides. The resulting clean flue gas then enters the preheating device to release heat again. Finally, the resulting low-temperature flue gas enters the carbon dioxide adsorption device to react with solid amine particles. The solid amine particles that have adsorbed carbon dioxide first absorb heat in the preheating device, then are sent to the waste heat removal device for a second heat absorption and temperature increase. Finally, they enter the carbon dioxide desorption device where they are directly heated by high-temperature water vapor. The solid amine particles that have precipitated carbon dioxide are cooled by a particle cooling device and then sent back to the carbon dioxide adsorption device. The resulting mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapor is first cooled and dehumidified, and the remaining carbon dioxide is compressed and stored.

[0023] In this embodiment, the particle cooling device is a device for reducing the temperature of solid amine particles. It can use natural cooling or heat exchange to reduce the temperature of solid amine particles. During heat exchange, air or water is selected as the cooling medium. Heat exchange occurs without direct contact between these cooling media and solid amine particles, thereby reducing the temperature of solid amine particles.

[0024] Example 3 This embodiment is an optimized version of the waste heat desorption device and preheating device based on embodiment 2. Its main structure is the same as that of embodiment 2, with the improvement being that the waste heat desorption device and preheating device have the same structure, such as... Figure 2As shown, the shell 1 includes a carbon dioxide discharge pipe 107 at the top and a first solid amine particle outlet 108 at the bottom. The shell 1 is generally cylindrical, but can also be made into other shapes with a rectangular or regular polygonal horizontal cross-section, as long as it has a certain height to allow the solid amine particles to flow and discharge from top to bottom over a certain period of time. The top of the shell 1 is generally arc-shaped, with the carbon dioxide discharge pipe 107 located at the top of the arc. A solid amine particle inlet pipe 109 is provided on one side of the carbon dioxide discharge pipe 107. The solid amine particle inlet pipe 109 is generally inclined, allowing the solid amine particles to automatically flow into the shell 1 by gravity. The interior of the shell 1 contains several partition pipe layers 103, which divide the interior of the shell 1 into several heat exchange chambers 106 from top to bottom. The height of the heat exchange chambers 106 is generally not high, and the final heat exchange chambers 106 are all flat cylindrical structures. Each partition pipe layer 103 is a layered structure formed by bending and arranging a flue gas pipe with gaps 1010. Figure 3 The structure shown is symmetrical. On the left half, multiple semi-annular tubes (half of an annular tube) are formed sequentially from the outside in. A gap 1010 is formed between adjacent layers of semi-annular tubes to allow solid amine particles to pass through. The center of the outermost ring is connected to the outside, and the ends of the adjacent semi-annular tubes on both sides are connected to the center of the inner semi-annular tube. The center of this semi-annular tube is then connected to the center of its inner semi-annular tube, and so on. Adjacent heat exchange chambers 106 are connected through the gap 1010. After entering the shell 1 through the solid amine particle inlet tube 109, the solid amine particles pass through the shell 1 sequentially by their own gravity. During the process in these heat exchange chambers 106, the flue gas flowing in the partition tube layer 103 undergoes heat exchange and is heated, and is finally discharged from the first solid amine particle outlet 108. The carbon dioxide gas decomposed by the solid amine particles due to the heating is discharged from the carbon dioxide discharge pipe 107 and collected. On the outside of the shell 1, there are symmetrically arranged air inlet distribution pipes 102 with air inlet pipe interfaces 101 and exhaust converging pipes 104 with exhaust pipe interfaces 105. All flue gas pipes forming the partition tube layer 103 are connected at one end to the air inlet distribution pipe 102 and at the other end to the exhaust converging pipe 104.

[0025] Example 4 This embodiment is a preferred solution for the carbon dioxide desorption device based on Embodiment 2. Its main structure is the same as that of Embodiment 2, with the improvement being that the carbon dioxide desorption device includes a cylinder 2, as shown in the example below. Figure 4As shown, the cylinder 2 is generally cylindrical, but it can also be made into other shapes with a rectangular or regular polygonal horizontal cross-section, as long as it has a certain height to allow the solid amine particles to flow and discharge from top to bottom over a certain period of time. The top and bottom of the cylinder 2 are arc-shaped. A gas outlet 203 and a solid amine particle inlet 201 are located at the top of the cylinder 2. The gas outlet 203 is at the very top of the arc, and the solid amine particle inlet 201 is generally located on the side of the arc, typically injecting solid amine particles into the top of the cylinder 2 at a horizontal or slightly downward angle. At the bottom of the cylinder 2, there is a second solid amine particle outlet 202 and a high-temperature steam inlet pipe 204. The second solid amine particle outlet 202 is located at the lowest point of the bottom arc, and the high-temperature steam inlet pipe 204 is located on one side of the arc and enters horizontally. Inside the cylinder 2, there are several partition cylinders 206, open at both ends and concentric with the cylinder 2. The partition cylinders 206 are annular thin-walled structures made of metal. These partition cylinders 206 divide the interior of the cylinder 2 into several... The annular channel 207 is at the same height as the straight section of the cylinder 2, thus creating a space between the arc-shaped structures at the top and bottom. Solid amine particles discharged through the solid amine particle inlet 201 flow downwards along the annular channel 207. During this process, a semi-circular diverging head 205 is provided at one end of the high-temperature steam inlet pipe 204 of the cylinder 2. The diverging head 205 is a hollow structure with an arc-shaped upper surface and uniformly distributed jet holes on the upper surface. A channel for the solid amine particles to flow is formed between the edge of the diverging head 205 and the side wall of the arc-shaped structure at the bottom of the cylinder 2. After being buffered by the upper surface of the diverging head 205, the solid amine particles leave through this channel and are discharged from the second solid amine particle outlet 202. The diverging head 205 uniformly sprays high-temperature steam to the bottom of all the annular channels 207, heating the solid amine particles as they rise along the annular channel 207. The released carbon dioxide and water vapor are discharged from the gas outlet 203, and the solid amine particles are discharged from the second solid amine particle outlet 202.

[0026] Example 5 This embodiment is a preferred solution for the carbon dioxide adsorption device based on Embodiment 2. Its main structure is the same as in Embodiment 2, but the improvement lies in that: the carbon dioxide adsorption device includes at least one set of solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption units, and each set of solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption units includes a closed shell 3 extending in the height direction, such as... Figure 5As shown, the closed shell 3 is generally cylindrical, but it can also be made into other shapes with a rectangular or regular polygonal horizontal cross-section, as long as it has a certain height to allow the solid amine particles to flow and discharge from top to bottom over a certain period of time. The solid amine particles enter through the solid amine particle injection pipe 302 at the top of the closed shell 3. The top of the closed shell 3 is generally arc-shaped, and the solid amine particle injection pipe 302 is generally located on the side of the arc shape, generally injecting solid amine particles into the top of the closed shell 3 at a horizontal or slightly downward angle. The solid amine particles flow from top to bottom due to gravity and are discharged through the solid amine particle discharge pipe 301 at the bottom of the closed shell 3. The bottom of the closed shell 3 is also arc-shaped, and the solid amine particle discharge pipe 301 is located at the lowest point of the arc. Carbon dioxide-containing gas enters through the gas inlet pipe 303 at the bottom of the closed shell 3. To ensure effective adsorption, the gas inlet pipe 303 is typically located on the side of the middle section of the solid amine particle outlet pipe 301. During its ascent within the sealed housing 3, the gas reacts with the downward-flowing solid amine particles, and then exits through the gas outlet pipe 304 at the top of the sealed housing 3. The gas outlet pipe 304 is positioned at the highest point of the arc-shaped top of the sealed housing 3, facilitating the automatic discharge of the adsorbed gas. The sealed housing 3 contains several buffer components 4 capable of vertical vibration. These buffer components 4 are sufficiently lightweight and thin, dividing the space within the sealed housing 3 into multiple chambers 305. These chambers 305 are distributed vertically along the interior of the sealed housing 3, and the height of each chamber 305 can be adjusted as needed. Each buffer component 4 has a through-hole 401 connecting its two adjacent chambers 305. Figure 6 As shown, the diameter of the through hole 401 is generally 4-6 times the diameter of the solid amine particles. When a large number of solid amine particles pass through, friction and deceleration will occur, reducing their passing speed. During the downward flow of the solid amine particles, they flow through and fill each chamber 305 in sequence, and rub and touch the buffer component 4 to cause tumbling, changing their flow state and reducing their flow speed, so that the solid amine particles can fully absorb carbon dioxide.

[0027] In this embodiment, the buffer member 4 can be a mesh structure formed by elastic metal wire weaving, and the edges of the mesh structure are fixed to the side wall of the closed housing 3 directly or through the elastic element 406, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the elastic element 406 is a spring, and the spring is installed at a position higher than the height of the buffer member 4, thereby suspending the buffer member 4.

[0028] In this embodiment, the buffer member 4 can be a plate-like component with densely distributed through holes 401 on its surface. This plate-like component is sufficiently lightweight and thin, and its edges are fixed to the side wall of the enclosed housing 3 by elastic members 406. Figure 7As shown, the elastic element 406 is a spring, and the spring is installed at a position higher than the height of the buffer member 4, thereby suspending the buffer member 4.

[0029] Example 6 This embodiment is an improvement on embodiment 5. Its main structure is the same as that of embodiment 5, but the improvement lies in: [The following is a more detailed description of the improvement.] Figure 8 As shown, a spiral metal wire 403 is arranged along its height direction in the middle of the enclosed shell 3. The spiral metal wire 403 spirals downward. The middle area of ​​each buffer component 4 is fixedly connected to the spiral metal wire 403. The top of the spiral metal wire 403 is connected to a vibrating plate 402. The vibrating plate 402 is sufficiently light and thin. The vibrating plate 402 is suspended at the outlet end of the solid amine particle injection pipe 302 by a metal wire 404. When the solid amine particle injection pipe 302 intermittently discharges solid amine particles, the injection flow rate of the solid amine particles is intermittent. After each injection for a certain period of time, the injection is stopped for a certain period of time. The solid amine particles impact the surface of the vibrating plate 402, causing it to vibrate. This vibration is transmitted to each buffer component 4 through the spiral metal wire 403. The preferred suspension position of the metal wire 404 is at the lower end of the gas discharge pipe 304.

[0030] Example 7 This embodiment is another preferred solution for the carbon dioxide adsorption device based on Embodiment 2. Its main structure is the same as in Embodiment 2, but the improvement lies in that: the carbon dioxide adsorption device includes at least one set of solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption units, and each set of solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption units includes a closed shell 3 extending in the height direction, such as... Figure 9As shown, the closed shell 3 is generally cylindrical, but it can also be made into other shapes with a rectangular or regular polygonal horizontal cross-section, as long as it has a certain height to allow the solid amine particles to flow and discharge from top to bottom over a certain period of time. The solid amine particles enter through the solid amine particle injection pipe 302 at the top of the closed shell 3. The top of the closed shell 3 is generally arc-shaped, and the solid amine particle injection pipe 302 is generally located on the side of the arc shape, generally injecting solid amine particles into the top of the closed shell 3 at a horizontal or slightly downward angle. The solid amine particles flow from top to bottom due to gravity and exit through the solid amine particle discharge pipe 301 at the bottom of the closed shell 3. The bottom of the closed shell 3 is also arc-shaped, and the solid amine particle discharge pipe 301 is located at the lowest point of the arc. Carbon dioxide-containing gas enters through the gas inlet pipe 303 at the bottom of the closed shell 3. To ensure the adsorption effect of the reaction, the gas inlet pipe 303 is generally... It is located on the side of the middle part of the solid amine particle discharge pipe 301, and reacts with the solid amine particles flowing from top to bottom during the upward process in the closed shell 3. Afterwards, it is discharged from the gas discharge pipe 304 at the top of the closed shell 3. The gas discharge pipe 304 is located at the highest point of the arc shape at the top of the closed shell 3, so as to facilitate the automatic discharge of the adsorbed gas. The closed shell 3 is provided with several buffer members 4 that can vibrate up and down under the blowing of gas. The buffer members 4 are lightweight and thin enough. These buffer members 4 divide the space inside the closed shell 3 into multiple chambers 305. These chambers 305 are distributed from top to bottom along the inside of the closed shell 3. The buffer members 4 include upper protrusions 405 and lower concave parts 408 that are alternately distributed along the height direction. The distance between the upper protrusions 405 and the lower concave parts 408 (i.e. the height of the chamber 305) is adjusted according to actual needs. The alternating distribution means that, for example Figure 10As shown, from top to bottom along the height direction, the first is an upper protrusion 405, the second is a lower concave part 408, the third is also an upper protrusion 405, and the fourth is a lower concave part 408, arranged in this order. The bottom one is preferably a lower concave part 408. The shape of the upper protrusion 405 and the lower concave part 408 is preferably conical, and its cone apex angle is generally 140-170°. Among them, the upper protrusion 405 is a plate-like structure with a high center and a low edge. It is sufficiently lightweight and thin, and its edge forms a flow channel 407 with the inner wall of the closed shell 3. The width of the flow channel 407 is generally 5-10 times the diameter of the solid amine particles. It is fixed to the side wall of the closed shell 3 by several elastic elements 406, so that it vibrates up and down when subjected to force. The elastic elements 406 are springs, and the springs are installed above the height of the upper protrusion 405, thereby suspending the upper protrusion 405. The number of elastic elements 406 is generally 3. There are one or four recessed parts, evenly distributed; the recessed part 408 is a plate-like structure with a low center and high edges, which is sufficiently light and thin. Its edge is connected to the inner wall of the closed shell 3. The connection between the edge of the recessed part 408 and the inner wall of the closed shell 3 can be welding or through a movable connection of elastic material. The center has a central channel 409 connecting the adjacent chambers 305 on its upper and lower sides. The central channel 409 is generally circular, and its diameter is generally 5-10 times the diameter of the solid amine particles. The flow channel 407 and the central channel 409 cause the solid amine particles and gas to react in a baffled manner. During the process of the solid amine particles flowing from top to bottom, they flow through and fill each chamber 305 in sequence. When they impact the surface of the upper protrusion 405 and flow along its surface, they roll due to friction and contact, changing their flow state and reducing their flow speed, so that the solid amine particles can fully absorb carbon dioxide.

[0031] In this embodiment, the upper surfaces of the upper protrusion 405 and the lower concave part 408 can be smooth planes or have a number of arc-shaped protrusions distributed on them. The arc-shaped protrusions are used to increase the roughness of the upper surfaces of the two, thereby slowing down the flow rate of the solid amine particles. The maximum height of the arc-shaped protrusions generally does not exceed 1 / 5 of the diameter of the solid amine particles. In this embodiment, the upper protrusion 405 and the lower recess 408 can be complete plate-shaped parts, or they can be densely covered with through holes 401. The diameter of the through holes 401 is generally 4-6 times the diameter of the solid amine particles. When a large number of solid amine particles pass through, friction and deceleration will occur, reducing their passing speed.

[0032] Example 8 This embodiment is an improvement on embodiment 7. Its main structure is the same as that of embodiment 7, but the improvement lies in: [The following is a more detailed description of the improvement.] Figure 11As shown, a spiral metal wire 403 is arranged along its height direction in the middle of the enclosed housing 3. The spiral metal wire 403 passes through the central channel 409 of the recessed part 408 and is fixedly connected to the highest point of the top of each upper protrusion 405, so that the highest point of the top of these upper protrusions 405 is offset from its central position. At this time, all the upper protrusions 405 form an eccentric cone whose highest points are not on the same vertical axis, such as... Figure 12 As shown, the top end of the spiral metal wire 403 is connected to a vibrating plate 402. The vibrating plate 402 is sufficiently light and thin. The vibrating plate 402 is suspended at the outlet end of the solid amine particle injection pipe 302 by the metal wire 404. When the solid amine particle injection pipe 302 intermittently discharges solid amine particles, it means that the injection flow rate of solid amine particles is intermittent. After each injection for a certain period of time, the injection is stopped for a certain period of time. The solid amine particles impact the surface of the vibrating plate 402, causing it to vibrate. The vibration is then transmitted to each upper protrusion 405 through the spiral metal wire 403.

[0033] Example 9 This embodiment is an improvement on the carbon dioxide adsorption device based on Embodiments 5, 6, 7, and 8. Its core lies in combining multiple solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption units from Embodiments 5, 6, 7, or 8 to improve adsorption efficiency. The specific structure is as follows: Figure 13As shown, the device includes a closed outer shell 5, with an internal cavity structure. The outer shell 5 is generally cylindrical, rectangular, or a regular polygonal structure. Several solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption units, as described in Embodiments 5, 6, 7, or 8, are vertically arranged along the height of the outer shell 5. These solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption units form cooling channels 505. Several horizontal fasteners are generally installed inside the outer shell 5 to fix the solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption units to the inner wall of the outer shell 5 and to fix adjacent solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption units. A water injection pipe 503 for injecting cooling water into the outer shell 5 and an overflow pipe 504 for automatically draining cooling water from the outer shell 5 are respectively provided on one side of the bottom and top of the outer shell 5. Cooling water enters the outer shell 5 from the water injection pipe 503 at the bottom and fills the cooling channels 505. As the water level rises, it covers and cools the outer walls of all solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption units, providing a low-temperature environment for solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption. Finally, cooling water flows out from the top... An overflow pipe 504 flows out. A gas gathering chamber 7 is provided at the top of the outer shell 5. The gas gathering chamber 7 is a cone shape, wider at the bottom and narrower at the top, with an exhaust port 701 at the top. This gas gathering chamber 7 is connected to the gas discharge pipe 304 of each solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide unit and discharges through the exhaust port 701 at its top. A solid amine particle gathering chamber 6 is provided at the bottom of the outer shell 5. The solid amine particle gathering chamber 6 is an inverted cone shape, wider at the top and narrower at the bottom, with a discharge port 601 at the lowest point. This solid amine particle gathering chamber 6 is connected to the solid amine particle discharge pipe 301 of each solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide unit and discharges through the discharge port 601 at its bottom. The gas inlet pipes 303 of all solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide units are connected to a main inlet pipe 501. The main inlet pipe 501 extends out of the outer shell 5 and connects to a gas source. The solid amine particle injection pipes 302 of all solid amine adsorption carbon dioxide units are connected to a main feed pipe 502. The main feed pipe 502 extends out of the outer shell 5 and connects to a solid amine particle storage chamber.

Claims

1. A solid amine adsorbing carbon dioxide unit, comprising a closed housing (3) with a height direction extension, solid amine particles entering from a solid amine particle injection pipe (302) at the top of the closed housing (3), flowing from top to bottom by gravity, and discharging from a solid amine particle discharge pipe (301) at the bottom of the closed housing (3), carbon dioxide containing gas entering from a gas entering pipe (303) at the bottom of the closed housing (3), and reacting with the solid amine particles flowing from top to bottom in the process of rising in the closed housing (3), and then discharging from a gas discharging pipe (304) at the top of the closed housing (3), characterized in that: The closed shell (3) is provided with several buffer members (4) which separate the space in the closed shell (3) into multiple chambers (305), each buffer member (4) has a through hole (401) on the surface which connects the two chambers (305) on both sides; the solid amine particles flow from top to bottom and sequentially flow through and fill each chamber (305), and roll due to friction and contact with the buffer member (4).

2. The solid amine adsorbent carbon dioxide unit of claim 1, wherein: The buffer member (4) is a net structure woven by elastic metal wires, and the edges of the net structure are directly or through elastic members (406) fixed to the side wall of the closed shell (3).

3. The solid amine adsorbent carbon dioxide unit of claim 1, wherein: The buffer member (4) is a plate-shaped member densely covered with through holes (401), and the edges thereof are fixed to the side wall of the closed shell (3) through elastic members (406).

4. The solid amine adsorbent carbon dioxide unit according to claim 2 or 3, c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y that: The elastic member (406) is a spring, and the installation position of the spring is higher than the height of the buffer member (4) to suspend the buffer member (4).

5. The solid amine adsorbent carbon dioxide unit of claim 1, wherein: The diameter of the through hole (401) is 4-6 times the diameter of the solid amine particles.

6. The solid amine adsorbent carbon dioxide unit of claim 1, wherein: The closed shell (3) is provided with a spiral metal wire (403) along the height direction thereof, each buffer member (4) is fixedly connected with the spiral metal wire (403), the top end of the spiral metal wire (403) is connected with a vibrating plate (402), the vibrating plate (402) is suspended at the outlet end of the solid amine particle injection pipe (302) through a metal wire (404), and when the solid amine particles are intermittently discharged, the vibrating plate (402) is impacted on the surface thereof to transmit the vibration to each buffer member (4) through the spiral metal wire (403).

7. A carbon dioxide adsorption apparatus comprising at least one set of solid amine adsorbing carbon dioxide units, characterized in that, The solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption unit is the solid amine carbon dioxide adsorption unit in any one of claims 1-6.

8. A system for recovering carbon dioxide from flue gas, comprising a filtering and impurity removing device, a waste heat desorption device, a desulfurization and denitrification device, a preheating device, a carbon dioxide adsorption device, and a carbon dioxide desorption device, wherein, The high-temperature flue gas first passes through a filtering and impurity removing device to remove solid particle impurities contained therein, the formed impurity-removed flue gas releases heat in a waste heat desorption device, then passes through a desulfurization and denitrification device to remove sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, the formed clean flue gas releases heat again in a preheating device, and finally the formed low-temperature flue gas enters the carbon dioxide adsorption device to have an adsorption reaction with the solid amine particles, the solid amine particles after adsorbing carbon dioxide first absorb heat in the preheating device, then are sent into the waste heat desorption device for secondary heat absorption and temperature rise, and finally are sent into the carbon dioxide desorption device to be directly heated by high-temperature steam, and the solid amine particles after desorption of carbon dioxide are cooled by a particle cooling device and then sent into the carbon dioxide adsorption device again, characterized in that the carbon dioxide adsorption device is the carbon dioxide adsorption device in claim 7.

9. A system for recovering carbon dioxide from a flue gas according to claim 8, wherein: The waste heat desorption device and the preheating device have the same structure, including a shell (1) with a carbon dioxide discharge pipe (107) at the top and a first solid amine particle outlet (108) at the bottom, and a solid amine particle inlet pipe (109) is provided on one side of the carbon dioxide discharge pipe (107); the shell (1) is provided with a number of partition pipe layers (103), which divide the shell (1) into a number of heat exchange chambers (106) from top to bottom. Each partition pipe layer (103) is a layered structure formed by bending and arranging a flue gas pipe and having gaps (1010). Two adjacent heat exchange chambers (106) are connected by gaps (1010). Solid amine particles enter from the solid amine particle inlet pipe. After the particles enter the shell (1) through the inlet pipe (109), they pass through these heat exchange chambers (106) in sequence by their own gravity. During this process, they exchange heat with the flue gas flowing in the partition pipe layer (103) and are heated. Finally, they are discharged from the first solid amine particle outlet (108). The carbon dioxide gas decomposed by the solid amine particles due to the temperature rise is discharged from the carbon dioxide discharge pipe (107) and collected. On the outside of the shell (1), there are symmetrically arranged an inlet distribution pipe (102) with an inlet pipe interface (101) and an exhaust converging pipe (104) with an exhaust pipe interface (105). One end of all the flue gas pipes forming the partition pipe layer (103) is connected to the inlet distribution pipe (102), and the other end is connected to the exhaust converging pipe (104).

10. A system for recovering carbon dioxide from a flue gas according to claim 8, wherein: The carbon dioxide desorption device includes a cylinder (2), with a gas outlet (203) and a solid amine particle inlet (201) at the top of the cylinder (2), a second solid amine particle outlet (202) and a high-temperature steam inlet pipe (204) at the bottom of the cylinder (2), and several partition cylinders (206) with openings at both ends and concentric with the cylinder (2) inside the cylinder (2). These partition cylinders (206) divide the inside of the cylinder (2) into several annular channels (207), through which the solid amine particle inlet (201) discharges... The solid amine particles flow from top to bottom along the annular channel (207). During this process, a semi-circular diffuser (205) is provided at one end of the cylinder (2) of the high-temperature steam inlet pipe (204). The diffuser (205) sprays the high-temperature steam evenly to the bottom of all the annular channels (207) and heats the solid amine particles as they rise along the annular channel (207). The carbon dioxide and water vapor that are released are discharged from the gas outlet (203), and the solid amine particles are discharged from the second solid amine particle outlet (202).

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