Machining process of internal meshing gear

Abstract

The invention discloses an internal meshing gear machining process which comprises the steps that a plurality of workpieces are distributed in the circumferential direction of a first circumferential line with a rotation center O0 as the center, each workpiece is provided with a plurality of machining positions, and the machining positions are switched through rotation; in each machining position, a to-be-machined arc tooth surface on one side of at least one gear tooth of each workpiece is aligned to the circumferential machining trajectory; at each machining position, the multiple workpieces rotate around the rotating center O0, and the corresponding arc tooth surfaces on the multiple workpieces are machined through a turning tool on the circumferential machining track line; and after the arc tooth surfaces of the workpieces at one machining position are machined, the workpieces are switched to the next machining position for machining until the arc tooth surfaces of all gear teeth of all the workpieces are machined. A plurality of workpieces can be clamped at a time through the index plates on the clamp body, the multiple workpieces can be machined at the same time at a time, the machining time is greatly shortened, the process efficiency is improved, and the machining cost is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of internal gear machining, and particularly relates to a machining process of an internal gear and a machining tool for the internal gear. BACKGROUND

[0002] The internal gear pump has the advantages of small volume, light weight, low noise, good self-priming, small flow pulsation, etc., and is widely used in the delivery of liquids in the petroleum, chemical, paint, food and oil industries.

[0003] The internal gear is a core component of the internal gear pump, and is difficult to machine due to its complex tooth profile. The existing internal gear (especially the large gear) is usually milled by a vertical machining center to process the circular arc tooth, and only one part can be processed at a time, which takes a long time (about 12 hours for processing a single part), has high cost and low process efficiency. SUMMARY

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing machining method of the internal gear, the present application provides a machining process of an internal gear with a reasonable structure, which processes four parts at a time by turning, reduces the processing time and processing cost, and improves the process efficiency.

[0005] The technical scheme adopted by the present application is as follows: A machining process of an internal gear, a plurality of workpieces are distributed along a first circular line with a rotation center O0 as the center, the workpieces have a plurality of machining positions, and the machining positions are switched by rotation; at each machining position, one side of at least one tooth of each workpiece to be machined is positioned on a circular machining trajectory line; at each machining position, the plurality of workpieces are rotated around the rotation center O0, and the corresponding circular tooth surface of the plurality of workpieces is machined using the turning tool on the circular machining trajectory line; after the circular tooth surface of the workpiece at one machining position is machined, the next machining position is switched for machining, until the circular tooth surfaces of all the teeth of each workpiece are machined.

[0006] As a further improvement of the above technical scheme: The circular machining trajectory line is centered on the rotation center O0, and the radius R of the circular machining trajectory line matches the radius R of the circular arc tooth surface. 50

[0007] The diameter D of the first circular line 10 The distance L between the center O of the workpiece and the center O' of the circular arc tooth surface of the tooth satisfies the relationship D 10 =2L, and the distance from the center of the workpiece to the rotation center O0 is equal to the distance L from O to O' of the workpiece.

[0008] The number of machining positions of the workpiece matches the number of teeth.​

[0009] The workpieces are positioned at machining positions by the centering structures, and one machining position corresponds to one centering structure.

[0010] The centering centers of the centering structures are distributed along a circumferential line with the workpiece center as the center, and the diameter of the circumferential line matches the diameter d of the graduation circle of the workpiece.

[0011] The centering centers of the positioning structures of the workpieces at each machining position are distributed along a second circumferential line with the rotation center O0 as the center.

[0012] The left side circular-arc tooth surfaces of one gear tooth of the workpiece and the right side circular-arc tooth surfaces of another gear tooth are located on the same circumferential line, and at each machining position, one side circular-arc tooth surface of each gear tooth is positioned on the circumferential machining track line, so that the circular-arc tooth surfaces of the two gear teeth can be machined.

[0013] The distance L1 from the cutting point of the turning tool to the rotation center O0 is equal to the radius R of the circular-arc tooth surface.

[0014] During machining, the turning tool moves axially within the tooth height range of the gear tooth at a position on the circumferential machining track line.

[0015] The present application has at least the following advantages: (1) The machining tool can clamp a plurality of workpieces at one time through the plurality of index plates on the clamping body, realize simultaneous machining of multiple workpieces at one time, and the single workpiece can machine the circular-arc tooth surfaces of two gear teeth at each position, so that even if multiple workpieces are machined at one time, the single machining time is less than that of the traditional milling machining method, the machining process efficiency is 4-5 times that of the existing method, the machining time is greatly shortened, the process efficiency is improved, and the machining cost is reduced.

[0016] (2) The machining tool realizes clamping of a plurality of workpieces through the clamping body and the plurality of index plates, the index plates and the workpieces are connected to the clamping body through the mandrels, and the machining positions are positioned and switched through the centering assembly, so that the structure is simple, and assembly and adjustment are convenient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a front view of the present application.

[0018] Figure 2 is a sectional view of the present application.

[0019] Figure 3 is a front view of the clamping body.

[0020] Figure 4 is a structural schematic view of the index plate, (a) is a front view, and (b) is a sectional view.

[0021] Figure 5 is a finished product drawing of the internal gear.

[0022] In the drawing: 1, clamp body; 11, front connecting disc; 12, rear connecting disc; 13, center hole; 14, first connecting hole; 15, second connecting hole; 2, index disc; 21, third connecting hole; 22, centering hole; 3, mandrel; 4, bushing; 5, centering sleeve; 6, centering pin; 7, fixing sleeve; 8, spring; 9, handle; 10, first circumferential line; 20, second circumferential line; 30, third circumferential line; 40, fourth circumferential line; 50, circumferential machining track line; 100, turning tool; 200, workpiece; 201, gear tooth; 2011, left side circular arc tooth surface; 2012, right side circular arc tooth surface; 202, gap; 203, index circle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The specific embodiments of the present application are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0024] For the convenience of description, the face of the machining tool connected to the workpiece 200 is taken as the front face, and the face connected to the lathe is taken as the back face.

[0025] The present application provides a machining process and machining tool suitable for machining the circular arc line-shaped gear tooth of an internal gear, which can simultaneously machine multiple parts at a time, reduces the machining time and machining cost, and improves the production efficiency.

[0026] Figure 5 An example of the internal gear workpiece 200 machined by the present application is shown, a plurality of circular arc line-shaped gear teeth 201 are machined on the outer side of the front face of the workpiece 200, the plurality of gear teeth 201 are uniformly distributed along the circumference, there is a gap 202 between the two adjacent gear teeth 201, the circular arc radius of the circular arc tooth surfaces (2011, 2012) on both sides of the gear tooth 201 is R, the left side circular arc tooth surface 2011 of one gear tooth 201 and the right side circular arc tooth surface 2012 of another gear tooth 201 are located on the same circumferential line, the diameter of the index circle 203 of the gear tooth 201 is d, and the distance O-O' from the center O of the workpiece 200 to the circumferential center O' of the circular arc tooth surface of the gear tooth 201 is L. In this example, the left side circular arc tooth surface 2011 of the first gear tooth 201 and the right side circular arc tooth surface 2012 of the third gear tooth 201 are located on the same circumferential line. According to the design requirements of the internal gear, the left side circular arc tooth surface 2011 of the first gear tooth 201 and the right side circular arc tooth surface 2012 of the second, or fourth, or Nth gear tooth 201 can also be located on the same circumferential line.

[0027] As Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, the machining tooling of the internal gear includes a clamp body 1, a plurality of index plates 2, the plurality of index plates 2 are uniformly distributed on the front face of the clamp body 1 in the circumferential direction, each index plate 2 is connected to the clamp body 1 through a mandrel 3, and a centering assembly is connected between the index plate 2 and the clamp body 1; during machining, one workpiece 200 is installed on one index plate 2.

[0028] As shown in Figure 2 , Figure 3 , the front connecting disc 11 is arranged on the front face of the clamp body 1, the rear connecting disc 12 is arranged on the back face, the central hole 13 is arranged in the center of the clamp body 1, the axis of the central hole 13 is the axis O0 of the clamp body 1; the index plate 2 is connected to the front connecting disc 11, the rear connecting disc 12 is fixedly connected to the flange disc of the main shaft of the lathe through the fastener, the axis O0 of the clamp body 1 is the rotation center (not shown in the figure), during machining, the lathe drives the clamp body 1 to rotate around the axis O0 through the main shaft. The first connecting hole 14 and the second connecting hole 15 are arranged on the front connecting disc 11, the number of the first connecting hole 14 matches the number of the second connecting hole 15, one-to-one correspondence, that is, one first connecting hole 14 corresponds to one second connecting hole 15. The axis O1 of the first connecting hole 14 is located on the first circumferential line 10 with the axis O0 of the clamp body 1 as the center and is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction. The axis O2 of the second connecting hole 15 is located on the second circumferential line 20 with the axis O0 of the clamp body 1 as the center and is uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, and the axis O2 of each second connecting hole 15 is also located on the third circumferential line 30 with the axis O1 of the corresponding first connecting hole 14 as the center, that is, the axis O2 of the second connecting hole 15 is arranged at the intersection of the second circumferential line 20 with the axis O0 as the center and the third circumferential line 30 with the axis O1 as the center. The diameter D 10 of the first circumferential line 10 is equal to twice the distance L (the distance from the center O of the workpiece 200 to the circumferential center O' of the circular arc tooth surface of the gear tooth 201), D 10 =2L, that is, the distance from the axis O1 of the first connecting hole 14 to the axis O0 of the clamp body 1 is equal to the distance L of O-O' of the workpiece 200. The diameter D 20 of the second circumferential line 20 can be equal to or different from the diameter D 10 of the first circumferential line 10, in this example, D 20 >D 10 , which is convenient for arranging the centering assembly. The diameter D 30 of the third circumferential line 30 matches the diameter d of the index circle 203 of the workpiece 200, D 30 =d.

[0029] As shown in Figure 2 , Figure 4The third connecting hole 21 of the index plate 2 is centrally provided, and the axis O3 of the third connecting hole 21 is the axis of the index plate 2. A plurality of centering holes 22 are provided on the index plate 2 and outside the third connecting hole 21, and the axes O4 of the plurality of centering holes 22 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction on the fourth circumferential line 40 with the axis O3 of the index plate 2 as the center, and the diameter D of the fourth circumferential line 40 matches the diameter d of the index circle 203 of the workpiece 200. 40 The diameter D of the third circumferential line 30 matches the diameter d of the index circle 203 of the workpiece 200. 30 The diameter D of the third circumferential line 30 matches the diameter d of the index circle 203 of the workpiece 200. 40 =D 30 =d. The number of the centering holes 22 matches the number of the teeth 201 of the workpiece 200, and each centering hole 22 is nested with a centering sleeve 5. The workpiece 200 has a plurality of machining positions, and the number of the machining positions matches the number of the teeth 201. The centering holes 22 of the index plate 2 are used to position the machining positions of the workpiece 200, and one centering hole 22 corresponds to one machining position.

[0030] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2 each first connecting hole 14 of the clamp body 1 is connected with one index plate 2 through a mandrel 3, the mandrel 3 is inserted through the first connecting hole 14 of the clamp body 1, the third connecting hole 21 of the index plate 2, and the central through hole of the workpiece 200, the axis O1 of the first connecting hole 14 coincides with the axis O3 of the index plate 2, and the third circumferential line 30 coincides with the fourth circumferential line 40. The two ends of the mandrel 3 are respectively fixed by nuts, the mandrel 3 is sleeved with a bushing 4, the bushing 4 is inserted into the first connecting hole 14, the index plate 2, the workpiece 200 and the mandrel 3 are connected by keys, and the relative rotation between the mandrel 3 and the index plate 2 and the workpiece 200 is limited by the keys. After the clamp body 1, the index plate 2 and the workpiece 200 are fixed and installed, the centering holes 22 of the index plate 2 are aligned with the teeth 201 of the workpiece 200 one by one.

[0031] The clamp body 1 is connected to one of the centering holes 22 of the corresponding index plate 2 at each second connecting hole 15 through a centering assembly, and the axis O2 of the second connecting hole 15 coincides with the axis O4 of the corresponding centering hole 22. The centering assembly includes a centering pin 6, a fixing sleeve 7, a spring 8 and a handle 9, the fixing sleeve 7 is fixedly connected to the clamp body 1, the centering pin 6 is axially inserted into the fixing sleeve 7, the spring 8 is sleeved on the rod part of the centering pin 6 inserted into the fixing sleeve 7, one end of the spring 8 abuts against the centering pin 6 and the other end abuts against the stepped surface of the inner hole of the fixing sleeve 7, the two ends of the centering pin 6 respectively protrude from the fixing sleeve 7, the handle 9 is fixedly connected to the end part of the centering pin 6 protruding towards the back surface, and the end part of the centering pin 6 protruding towards the front surface is inserted into the centering sleeve 5 of the corresponding centering hole 22.

[0032] As shown in Figure 1 , Figure 2As shown, after the fixture body 1, the indexing plate 2, and the workpiece 200 to be processed are assembled, the arc tooth surfaces (2011, 2012) of the gear teeth 201 of the workpiece 200 on each indexing plate 2 are aligned on the same circumferential machining trajectory line 50. This circumferential machining trajectory line 50 is centered on the axis O0 of the fixture body 1, and its radius R is... 50 Matching the radius R of the arc tooth surface, R 50 =R. The turning tool 100, used for machining the gear teeth 201 of workpiece 200, is located at a certain position on the circumferential machining trajectory line 50. The turning tool 100 does not move in a circle along the circumferential machining trajectory line 50, but only moves back and forth axially within the tooth height range of the gear teeth 201 at this position to machine the entire arc tooth surface of the gear teeth 201. The distance L1 from the cutting point of the turning tool 100 to the axis O0 of the fixture body 1 is equal to the radius R of the arc tooth surface, L1=R.

[0033] Using the above-mentioned machining tooling Figure 5 The main steps for machining the example internal meshing gear workpiece 200 are as follows: S1. First, install the rear connecting plate 12 of the fixture body 1 onto the lathe spindle flange. Then, connect the indexing plate 2 and the workpiece 200 to the front connecting plate 11 of the fixture body 1 via the spindle 3. Rotate the indexing plate 2 and the workpiece 200 to the first machining position. At this machining position, machine the corresponding arc tooth surfaces of the first and Nth gear teeth 201 (the first and third gear teeth 201 in this example). The arc tooth surfaces to be machined are aligned with the circumferential machining trajectory line 50. The centering pin 6 of the centering assembly is inserted into the centering sleeve 5 of the corresponding centering hole 22 of the indexing plate 2 for positioning under the action of the spring 8.

[0034] S2. Adjust the cutting tool 100 to the cutting position of the circumferential machining trajectory line 50. The lathe spindle drives the fixture 1 to rotate, which in turn drives the indexing plates 2 and the workpiece 200 to rotate. The cutting tool 100 moves axially within the tooth height range, machining the left arc tooth surface 2011 of the first tooth 201 and the right arc tooth surface 2012 of the Nth tooth 201 on each workpiece 200, while simultaneously machining the clearance 202. A single workpiece 200 can machine the arc tooth surfaces of two teeth 201 at each machining position, making machining more efficient.

[0035] S3, the left side of the first tooth 201 of the workpiece 200 is turned to the arc tooth surface 2011, the right side of the Nth tooth 201 is turned to the arc tooth surface 2012, and the turning tool 100 is retracted; each index plate 2 and the workpiece 200 thereon are sequentially rotated to the next machining position: first, the nut on the mandrel 3 on the side of the clamping body 1 is loosened (the nut on the side of the workpiece 200 remains tightened), then the centering pin 6 is pulled out of the centering sleeve 5 of the index plate 2 by hand, the index plate 2 and the workpiece 200 are rotated to the next centering hole 22 aligned with the centering pin 6, the handle 9 is loosened, the centering pin 6 is inserted into the next centering hole 22 and positioned under the action of the spring 8, and finally the nut on the mandrel 3 is tightened; the same operation is performed on the remaining index plates 2 and workpieces 200.

[0036] S4, after the position adjustment of each index plate 2 and the workpiece 200, the second and N+1th tooth 201 of each workpiece 200 is machined according to step S2.

[0037] S5, the subsequent teeth 201 of each workpiece 200 are sequentially machined according to steps S2 to S4 until the machining of the arc tooth surfaces of all teeth 201 of the workpiece 200 is completed.

[0038] S6, after the machining of one workpiece 200 on each index plate 2, the nut on the mandrel 3 on the side of the workpiece 200 is loosened (the nut on the side of the clamping body 1 remains tightened), the machined workpiece 200 is removed, a new workpiece 200 blank to be machined is replaced, and the machining is performed according to steps S1 to S5.

[0039] The machining tool of the present application can clamp a plurality of workpieces 200 (M, M>1) at a time through the plurality of index plates 2 on the clamping body 1, and can simultaneously machine a plurality of workpieces 200 at a time in the same machining position of the circumferential machining track line 50 when the clamping body 1 drives the M workpieces 200 to rotate, and the arc tooth surfaces of two teeth 201 of a single workpiece 200 can be machined in one machining position, even if M workpieces 200 are machined at a time, the single machining time is less than the single machining time of the traditional milling machining method, and the machining time of M workpieces 200 is only about 10 hours, and the machining time is evenly distributed to M workpieces 200, so the machining time of a single workpiece 200 is only 10 / M, and in this example, M=4, so the machining time of a single workpiece 200 is only about 2.5 hours, which is much less than the 12 hours of the traditional machining method, the machining process efficiency is 4-5 times that of the existing method, the machining time is greatly shortened, the process efficiency is improved, and the machining cost is reduced.

[0040] The above description is an explanation of the present application, not a limitation thereof, and the present application can be modified in any form without departing from the spirit of the present application.

Claims

1. A machining process for internal meshing gears, characterized in that: Several workpieces (200) are distributed circumferentially along a first circumferential line (10) centered on the rotation center O0. The workpieces (200) have several processing positions and can switch processing positions by rotation. At each processing position, the arc tooth surface to be processed on one side of at least one tooth (201) of each workpiece (200) is aligned with the circumferential processing trajectory line (50). At each processing position, several workpieces (200) rotate around the rotation center O0 and use a cutting tool (100) on the circumferential processing trajectory line (50) to process the corresponding arc tooth surfaces on several workpieces (200). After the arc tooth surface of a workpiece (200) is processed at one processing position, it switches to the next processing position for processing until the arc tooth surfaces of all teeth (201) of each workpiece (200) are processed.

2. The machining process of the internal meshing gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circumferential machining trajectory line (50) is centered at the rotation center O0, and the radius R of the circumferential machining trajectory line (50) is... 50 It matches the radius R of the circular arc tooth surface.

3. The machining process of the internal meshing gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter D of the first circumference (10) 10 The relationship between the distance L from the center O of the workpiece (200) to the circumferential center O' of the arc tooth surface of the gear tooth (201) is D. 10 =2L, the distance from the center of workpiece (200) to the rotation center O0 is equal to the distance L of OO' of workpiece (200).

4. The machining process of the internal meshing gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of machining positions on the workpiece (200) matches the number of teeth on the gear (201).

5. The machining process of the internal meshing gear according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The workpiece (200) is positioned for machining by a centering structure, with one machining position corresponding to one centering structure.

6. The machining process of the internal meshing gear according to claim 5, characterized in that: The centering centers of several centering structures are distributed circumferentially along a circumferential line with the center of the workpiece (200) as the center. The diameter of the circumferential line matches the diameter d of the pitch circle (203) of the workpiece (200).

7. The machining process of the internal meshing gear according to claim 6, characterized in that: Several workpieces (200) are distributed circumferentially along the second circumferential line (20) centered on the rotation center O0 at each processing position.

8. The machining process of the internal meshing gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: The left arc tooth surface (2011) of one tooth (201) of the workpiece (200) and the right arc tooth surface (2012) of the other tooth (201) are located on the same circumferential line. At each machining position, each workpiece (200) has one side arc tooth surface of two teeth (201) aligned with the circumferential machining trajectory line (50), so that the arc tooth surfaces of the two teeth (201) can be machined.

9. The machining process of the internal meshing gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance L1 from the cutting point of the cutting tool (100) to the rotation center O0 is equal to the radius R of the circular arc tooth surface.

10. The machining process of the internal meshing gear according to claim 1, characterized in that: During machining, the cutting tool (100) moves along the axial direction at a certain position on the circumferential machining trajectory line (50) within the tooth height range of the gear teeth (201).

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