Meshing-driven high-quality and high-efficiency gear polishing device and method

Abstract

The device comprises a polishing module, a polishing displacement module, a polishing base table and a control system, a polishing head of the polishing module is designed to be in a tooth shape meshed with a polished gear, the polishing displacement module drives the polished gear to accurately reach a polishing station, and the polishing base table is arranged on the polishing base table. An air cylinder of the polishing module drives a polishing head to move, make meshed contact with a polished gear and apply polishing pressure, a main shaft motor of the polishing module drives the polished gear to rotate and drives the polishing head to rotate through the meshing effect, meanwhile, a polishing displacement module drives the polishing head to reciprocate along the Z axis, and therefore synchronous and uniform contact of multiple tooth surfaces is achieved. According to the invention, the gear working surface is polished with high quality and high efficiency in cooperation with the polishing solution with oxidation and complexing synergistic effect, and compared with the prior art, the polishing quality is high by utilizing chemical and mechanical synergistic effect; the polishing head is large in contact area and high in polishing efficiency; the polishing head is small in abrasion and high in polishing stability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of ultra-precision machining, specifically relating to a high-quality and high-efficiency polishing device and method for meshing-driven gears. Background Technology

[0002] Gears, as a typical basic mechanical component, are widely used in various fields, such as humanoid robots, industrial machine tools, transportation, and aerospace. Taking humanoid robots as an example, with the rapid development of technology, humanoid robots are gradually entering real life, and their applications have extended from industrial production to multiple scenarios such as home services. Gears are the core components of humanoid robot joint transmission, power transmission, and motion control. They are widely configured in reducers and transmission chains of key moving joints such as the hip, knee, elbow, and wrist. Their performance directly determines the motion accuracy, response speed, and operational stability of the humanoid robot. Among them, core components such as high-precision RV reducers and harmonic reducers contain precision gears and gear structures. They are widely used in humanoid robot joints, which can effectively amplify the motor output torque and accurately control the speed, ensuring that the humanoid robot can smoothly and easily complete various actions such as walking and grasping.

[0003] The surface quality of gears has a significant impact on their service performance. Studies have shown that improving the surface quality of gears can achieve the following beneficial effects: 1) improving noise levels; 2) reducing friction and wear; and 3) enhancing fatigue resistance.

[0004] Currently, grinding and honing are the main industrial technologies used to finish gear surfaces. Due to the limitations of mechanical removal principles, the surface roughness of ground gears can reach as high as 0.5 μm, and that of honed gears can reach as high as 0.2 μm. Furthermore, due to the effect of thermo-coupling, the processed gear surfaces may have some defects, such as microcracks and scratches, which affect the service performance and lifespan of the gears. To further improve gear surface quality, researchers have proposed several novel ultra-precision gear surface machining techniques, such as force-rheological polishing (Duc-Nam Nguyen, Thanh-Phong Dao, Chander Prakash, SunpreetSingh, Alokesh Pramanik, Grzegorz Krolczyk, Catalin I. Pruncu, Machiningparameter optimization in shear thickening polishing of gear surfaces, Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2020, 9(3): 5112-5126) and magnetorheological polishing (Manjesh Kumar, Anupam Alok, Manas Das, Experimental and simulation study of magnetorheological miniature gear-profile polishing (MRMGPP) method using flow restrictor, Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2021). 35(11):5151-5159), however, both force rheological polishing and magnetorheological polishing utilize the rheological effect of fluids to form flexible fixed abrasives containing hard abrasive grains, and remove the workpiece surface material through the shear force of the abrasive grains. In essence, they are still mechanical scratch removal, which may cause surface scratches and subsurface damage, affecting the further improvement of surface quality.

[0005] The existing invention patent "A Gear CNC Chemical Mechanical Polishing Device and Method" (Jiang Liang, Yan Luwen, Qian Linmao, Xie Hongsheng, Ye Fuyi, A Gear CNC Chemical Mechanical Polishing Device and Method, 2023.04.28, China, ZL202210621257.3) discloses a gear CNC chemical mechanical polishing device and method. The polishing device includes a frame, a CNC module, a polishing module, an indexing module, a clamping module, and an auxiliary module. The CNC module controls the movement of the polishing module and the indexing module. According to a set program, the small polishing head of the polishing module performs contour-following motion on the tooth surface and rotates at high speed. Under the synergistic action of the polishing pad and the chemical mechanical polishing fluid, point-by-point contour-following polishing of the tooth surface is achieved. After polishing a single tooth, the indexing module rotates the next tooth to the working position, repeating the single-tooth polishing process until all teeth are polished. However, this invention uses a small polishing head to perform point-by-point contour polishing on the tooth surface, which results in low polishing efficiency. At the same time, the small polishing head wears out quickly and needs to be replaced frequently, which may lead to unstable removal function and affect the stability of polishing efficiency and quality.

[0006] In summary, the existing technology has the following shortcomings:

[0007] 1) Both force rheological polishing and magnetorheological polishing utilize the rheological effect of fluids to achieve polishing. Their essence is still mechanical scratch removal, which may cause surface scratches and subsurface damage, affecting the further improvement of surface quality.

[0008] 2) The existing invention patent "A gear CNC chemical mechanical polishing device and method" proposes to use a small polishing head to perform point-by-point contour polishing on the tooth surface. The polishing head has a small contact area and low polishing efficiency.

[0009] 3) The existing invention patent "A gear CNC chemical mechanical polishing device and method" has a large wear on the small polishing head during polishing, which requires frequent replacement. This may lead to unstable removal function and affect the stability of polishing efficiency and quality. Summary of the Invention

[0010] To overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a high-quality and high-efficiency gear polishing device and method with meshing drive. The polishing head of this device is designed with a tooth profile that meshes with the gear being polished. Simultaneously, the polishing head reciprocates along the Z-axis during polishing, thereby achieving synchronous and uniform contact across multiple tooth surfaces. The polishing head has a large contact area and high polishing efficiency. The device also features low wear on the polishing head, stable removal function, and high polishing stability. Combined with a polishing fluid that exhibits synergistic oxidation and complexation effects, the chemical reaction and mechanical force are dynamically balanced, resulting in high polishing quality and ultimately achieving stable high-quality and high-efficiency polishing of the gear working surface. To achieve the above technical objectives and effects, the present invention solves the above problems through the following technical solutions:

[0011] A high-quality and high-efficiency gear polishing device driven by meshing is characterized by comprising a polishing module, a polishing displacement module, a polishing base, and a control system. The polishing head of the polishing module is designed with teeth that mesh with the gear being polished. The polishing displacement module drives the gear being polished to precisely reach the polishing position. The cylinder of the polishing module drives the polishing head to move, meshing with the gear being polished and applying polishing pressure. The main shaft motor of the polishing module drives the gear being polished to rotate, and through meshing, drives the polishing head to rotate. Simultaneously, the polishing displacement module drives the polishing head to reciprocate along the Z-axis, thereby achieving synchronous and uniform contact across multiple tooth surfaces. Combined with a polishing fluid that has synergistic oxidation and complexation effects, high-quality and high-efficiency polishing of the gear working surface is achieved. Compared with existing technologies, this invention utilizes chemical and mechanical synergy, resulting in high polishing quality; a large polishing head contact area, high polishing efficiency; low polishing head wear, and high polishing stability.

[0012] Preferably, the polishing module includes a cylinder, a cylinder mounting plate, a Z-axis base plate, a polishing fluid pipe, a polishing waste liquid pool, a polishing head, a three-jaw chuck, a spindle motor, a hollow rotary platform, a rotary platform flange, an X-axis base plate, a polishing head slider, a polishing head guide rail, and a polishing head fixing cavity. The cylinder is connected to the cylinder mounting plate by bolts. The polishing fluid pipe is located above the polishing head and is used to deliver polishing fluid to the polishing head. The polishing waste liquid pool is connected to the X-axis base plate by bolts and is used to collect polishing waste liquid generated during polishing. The three-jaw chuck is connected to the rotary platform flange by bolts. The rotary platform flange is connected to the hollow rotary platform by bolts. The hollow rotary platform is used to realize the functions of fixing, rotating, and deceleration and torque increase. The platform is connected to the X-axis base plate by bolts. The spindle motor is connected to the hollow rotating platform by bolts. Under the action of gas, the three-jaw chuck fixes the polished gear. The spindle motor sequentially drives the hollow rotating platform, the three-jaw chuck, and the fixed polished gear to rotate. The polishing head guide rail is connected to the cylinder fixing plate by bolts. The polishing head slider cooperates with the polishing head guide rail to make directional movements. The polishing head fixing cavity is connected to the polishing head slider by bolts. The polishing head is connected to the polishing head fixing cavity by bolts. The cylinder push rod is connected to the polishing head fixing cavity by bolts. Under the action of gas, the cylinder push rod drives the polishing head fixing cavity to move, thereby driving the polishing head to move and mesh with the polished gear to apply polishing pressure.

[0013] Preferably, the polishing head is made of a porous flexible material and is used to transport polishing fluid to the contact area between the polishing head and the gear being polished. The polishing head is designed with a tooth shape that meshes with the gear being polished, but the tooth width of the polishing head is greater than the tooth width of the gear being polished. When the gear being polished rotates actively, it drives the polishing head to rotate through the meshing action, thereby achieving synchronous contact of multiple tooth surfaces and improving polishing efficiency.

[0014] Preferably, the polishing displacement module includes an X-axis moving module, a Z-axis moving module, a Y-axis moving module, a Y-axis guide rail, a Y-axis slider, and an X-axis support plate. The X-axis base plate is connected to the X-axis moving module of the polishing displacement module by bolts, further enabling the polished gear to move in an X-axis orientation. The X-axis moving module is connected to the Y-axis moving module by bolts, and under the combined action of the Y-axis moving module, the Y-axis guide rail, and the Y-axis slider, the polished gear is further enabled to move in a Y-axis orientation. The Z-axis moving module is fixedly connected to the polishing base by bolts. The cylinder fixing plate is connected to the Z-axis base plate by bolts. The Z-axis base plate is connected to the Z-axis moving module by bolts, further enabling the polishing head to reciprocate along the Z-axis, thereby achieving synchronous and uniform contact of multiple tooth surfaces.

[0015] Preferably, the polishing platform includes a height adjuster, a steel frame, a level adjuster, and an optical platform. The height adjuster is connected to the steel frame via threads, and the overall height of the polishing platform is adjusted by adjusting the depth to which the height adjuster is embedded in the steel frame. One end of the level adjuster is connected to the steel frame via threads, and the other end is an anti-slip surface. The optical platform is a honeycomb structure vibration isolation platform plate, which is placed on the anti-slip surface of the level adjuster. The overall levelness of the polishing platform is adjusted by adjusting the depth to which the level adjuster is embedded in the steel frame, thereby ensuring the reliability of the polishing device.

[0016] This invention also discloses a high-quality and high-efficiency polishing method for meshing-driven gears, comprising the following steps:

[0017] S1. Prepare a polishing solution. The polishing solution components include deionized water, abrasive particles, oxidant, and complexing agent. The pH value is acidic. The abrasive particles are one or more of diamond, alumina, silicon dioxide, and cerium oxide. The oxidant is one or more of hydrogen peroxide, potassium iodate, potassium periodate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate, potassium persulfate, and ferric nitrate. The complexing agent is one or more of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, octanoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid.

[0018] S2. Place the gear to be polished on a three-jaw chuck. Under the action of gas, the three-jaw chuck fixes the gear to be polished.

[0019] S3. Adjust the position of the gear to be polished on the X and Y axes through the polishing displacement module so that it can precisely mesh with the polishing head.

[0020] S4. Set the cylinder pressure, and the cylinder drives the polishing head to mesh with the gear being polished, applying polishing pressure.

[0021] S5. Set the process parameters such as the rotational speed of the gear being polished, the reciprocating speed and stroke of the polishing head along the Z-axis, the flow rate of the polishing fluid, and the single polishing time. Start polishing. The spindle motor of the polishing module drives the gear being polished to rotate, and drives the polishing head to rotate through meshing. At the same time, the polishing displacement module drives the polishing head to reciprocate along the Z-axis, thereby achieving synchronous and uniform contact of multiple tooth surfaces. Combined with the synergistic effect of oxidation and complexation of the polishing fluid, as well as the synergistic effect of chemical and mechanical processes, high-quality and efficient polishing of the gear working surface is achieved.

[0022] S6. After polishing is completed, set the cylinder pressure to negative pressure, separate the polishing head from the gear being polished, and after reaching the designated position, turn off the gas of the three-jaw chuck to release the fixation, remove the gear being polished, and check whether the surface quality meets the requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, repeat the above steps until the requirements are met.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. High-quality polishing. This invention breaks through the limitations of the purely mechanical scratch removal principle by introducing a polishing slurry with synergistic effects of oxidation and complexation. It regulates the chemical reaction and mechanical force to achieve a dynamic balance, thereby improving polishing quality and is expected to meet the high surface quality requirements of high-end gears.

[0025] 2. High-efficiency polishing. This invention proposes a polishing head designed with teeth that mesh with the gear being polished. When the gear being polished rotates actively, the polishing head is driven to rotate through the meshing action, achieving synchronous contact of multiple tooth surfaces. The polishing head has a large contact area, improving polishing efficiency and is expected to meet the high-efficiency requirements of industrial production.

[0026] 3. High-stability polishing. This invention proposes that the polishing head reciprocates along the Z-axis during polishing, achieving synchronous and uniform contact across multiple tooth surfaces. This results in low wear per unit area of ​​the polishing head and a stable removal function, which is expected to meet the high stability requirements of industrial production. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a meshing-driven high-quality and high-efficiency polishing device for gears according to the present invention.

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the polishing module of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the polishing module spindle motor of the present invention after installation;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the polishing displacement module of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the polishing base of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 6 These are comparison images showing the effect of polishing gears before and after using the polishing device and method proposed in this invention.

[0033] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached drawings: 1. Polishing module; 2. Polishing displacement module; 3. Polishing base; 4. Control system; 101. Cylinder; 102. Cylinder fixing plate; 103. Z-axis base plate; 104. Polishing liquid pipe; 105. Polishing waste liquid pool; 106. Polishing head; 107. Three-jaw chuck; 108. Spindle motor; 109. Hollow rotary platform; 110. Rotary platform flange; 111. X-axis base plate; 112. Polishing head slider; 113. Polishing head guide rail; 114. Polishing head fixing cavity; 201. X-axis moving module; 202. Z-axis moving module; 203. Y-axis moving module; 204. Y-axis guide rail; 205. Y-axis slider; 206. X-axis support plate; 301. Height adjuster; 302. Steel frame; 303. Horizontal adjuster; 304. Optical platform. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0035] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a high-quality and high-efficiency gear polishing device with meshing drive, comprising a polishing module 1, a polishing displacement module 2, a polishing base 3, and a control system 4. The polishing head 106 of the polishing module 1 is designed with a tooth profile that meshes with the gear being polished. The polishing displacement module 2 drives the gear being polished to precisely reach the polishing position. The cylinder 101 of the polishing module 1 drives the polishing head 106 to move and mesh with the gear being polished, applying polishing pressure. The spindle motor 108 of the polishing module 1 drives the gear being polished to rotate, and through meshing, drives the polishing head 106 to rotate. Simultaneously, the polishing displacement module 2 drives the polishing head 106 to reciprocate along the Z-axis, thereby achieving synchronous and uniform contact of multiple tooth surfaces. Combined with a polishing fluid that has synergistic effects of oxidation and complexation, high-quality and high-efficiency polishing of the gear working surface is achieved. Compared with existing technologies, the present invention utilizes the synergistic effect of chemical and mechanical processes, resulting in high polishing quality; a large contact area of ​​the polishing head, resulting in high polishing efficiency; and low wear of the polishing head, resulting in high polishing stability.

[0036] like Figure 2As shown, the polishing module 1 includes a cylinder 101, a cylinder fixing plate 102, a Z-axis base plate 103, a polishing liquid pipe 104, a polishing waste liquid pool 105, a polishing head 106, a three-jaw chuck 107, a spindle motor 108, a hollow rotary platform 109, a rotary platform flange 110, an X-axis base plate 111, a polishing head slider 112, a polishing head guide rail 113, and a polishing head fixing cavity 114. The cylinder 101 is connected to the cylinder fixing plate 102 by bolts. In this embodiment, the cylinder diameter of the cylinder 101 is 16 mm. The polishing fluid pipe 104 is located above the polishing head 106 and is used to transport polishing fluid to the polishing head 106. The polishing waste fluid pool 105 is connected to the X-axis base plate 111 by bolts and is used to collect polishing waste fluid generated during polishing. The three-jaw chuck 107 is connected to the rotary platform flange 110 by bolts. The rotary platform flange 110 is connected to the hollow rotary platform 109 by bolts. The hollow rotary platform 109 is used to realize the functions of fixing, rotating, and decelerating and increasing torque. The hollow rotary platform 109 is connected to the X-axis base plate 111 by bolts. The spindle motor 108 is connected to the hollow rotary platform 109 by bolts. Under the action of gas, the three-jaw chuck 107 fixes the gear being polished. The spindle motor 108 sequentially drives the hollow rotary platform 109, the three-jaw chuck 107, and the fixed polishing gear to rotate. The polishing head guide rail 113 is connected to the cylinder fixing plate 102 by bolts. The polishing head slider 112 cooperates with the polishing head guide rail 113 to move in a directional manner. The polishing head fixing cavity 114 is connected to the polishing head slider 112 by bolts. The polishing head 106 is connected to the polishing head fixing cavity 114 by bolts. The push rod of the cylinder 101 is connected to the polishing head fixing cavity 114 by bolts. Under the action of gas, the push rod of the cylinder 101 drives the polishing head fixing cavity 114 to move, thereby driving the polishing head 106 to move and mesh with the polishing gear to apply polishing pressure.

[0037] The polishing head 106 is made of a porous flexible material and is used to transport polishing fluid to the contact area between the polishing head 106 and the gear being polished. In this embodiment, the polishing head 106 is made of porous polyurethane material, but it is not limited to this. The polishing head 106 is designed with a tooth shape that meshes with the gear being polished, but the tooth width of the polishing head 106 is larger than the tooth width of the gear being polished. In this embodiment, the tooth width of the gear being polished is 20 mm, and the tooth width of the polishing head 106 is designed to be 30 mm. When the gear being polished rotates actively, it drives the polishing head 106 to rotate through the meshing action, thereby achieving synchronous contact of multiple tooth surfaces and improving polishing efficiency.

[0038] like Figure 4As shown, the polishing displacement module 2 includes an X-axis moving module 201, a Z-axis moving module 202, a Y-axis moving module 203, a Y-axis guide rail 204, a Y-axis slider 205, and an X-axis support plate 206. The X-axis base plate 111 is connected to the X-axis moving module 201 of the polishing displacement module 2 by bolts, further realizing the X-axis directional movement of the polished gear. In this embodiment, the X-axis directional movement stroke is 500 mm, but it is not limited to this. The X-axis moving module 201 is connected to the Y-axis moving module 203 by bolts. Under the combined action of the Y-axis moving module 203, the Y-axis guide rail 204, and the Y-axis slider 205, the Y-axis directional movement of the polished gear is further realized. In this embodiment, the Y-axis directional movement stroke is 500 mm. The Z-axis moving module 202 is fixedly connected to the polishing base 3 by bolts, and the cylinder fixing plate 102 is connected to the Z-axis base plate 103 by bolts. The Z-axis base plate 103 is connected to the Z-axis moving module 202 by bolts, thereby realizing the Z-axis reciprocating motion of the polishing head 106. In this embodiment, the Z-axis directional movement stroke is 500 mm, but it is not limited to this, thereby achieving synchronous and uniform contact of multiple tooth surfaces.

[0039] In this embodiment, after the polishing head 106 engages with the gear being polished, the speed and stroke of its Z-axis reciprocating motion are adjusted to ensure that the effective area of ​​the polishing head 106 participates in polishing, thereby improving the utilization rate of the polishing head 106, reducing the wear per unit area of ​​the polishing head 106, obtaining a stable removal function, and avoiding frequent replacement of the polishing head 106, thus achieving high-stability polishing.

[0040] like Figure 5 As shown, the polishing base 3 includes a height adjuster 301, a steel frame 302, a level adjuster 303, and an optical platform 304. The height adjuster 301 is connected to the steel frame 302 by threads. The overall height of the polishing base 3 is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the height adjuster 301 embedded in the steel frame 302. One end of the level adjuster 303 is connected to the steel frame 302 by threads, and the other end is an anti-slip surface. The optical platform 304 is a honeycomb structure vibration isolation platform plate, which is placed on the anti-slip surface of the level adjuster 303. The overall levelness of the polishing base 3 is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the level adjuster 303 embedded in the steel frame 302, thereby ensuring the reliability of the polishing device.

[0041] This invention also discloses a high-quality and high-efficiency polishing method for meshing-driven gears, comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1. Prepare a polishing slurry. The polishing slurry components include deionized water, abrasive particles, an oxidizing agent, and a complexing agent. The pH value is acidic. The abrasive particles are one or more of diamond, alumina, silicon dioxide, and cerium oxide. The oxidizing agent is one or more of hydrogen peroxide, potassium iodate, potassium periodate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate, potassium persulfate, and ferric nitrate. The complexing agent is one or more of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, octanoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid. In this embodiment, the polishing slurry is designed and optimized based on the material characteristics of the gears. Its components are abrasive silicon dioxide, oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide, complexing agent citric acid, deionized water, and pH 3.

[0043] S2. Place the gear to be polished on a three-jaw chuck. In this embodiment, the air pressure of the three-jaw chuck is set to 10 psi. Under the action of the gas, the three-jaw chuck fixes the gear to be polished.

[0044] S3. Adjust the position of the gear being polished on the X-axis and Y-axis by using the X-axis and Y-axis moving modules in the polishing displacement module to make it precisely mesh with the polishing head.

[0045] S4. Set the cylinder pressure. In this embodiment, the cylinder pressure is set to 0.2 MPa. The cylinder drives the polishing head to mesh with the gear being polished and applies polishing pressure.

[0046] S5. Set the process parameters such as the rotational speed of the gear to be polished, the reciprocating speed and stroke of the Z-axis of the polishing head, the flow rate of the polishing fluid, and the single polishing time. In this embodiment, the rotational speed of the gear to be polished is set to 200 rpm, the reciprocating speed of the Z-axis of the polishing head is 2 mm / s, the reciprocating stroke of the Z-axis of the polishing head is 2 mm, the flow rate of the polishing fluid is 25 mL / min, and the single polishing time is 5 min. Start polishing. The spindle motor of the polishing module drives the gear to be polished to rotate, and drives the polishing head to rotate through meshing. At the same time, the polishing displacement module drives the polishing head to reciprocate along the Z-axis, thereby achieving synchronous and uniform contact of multiple tooth surfaces. Combined with the synergistic effect of oxidation and complexation of the polishing fluid, as well as the synergistic effect of chemical and mechanical processes, high-quality and efficient polishing of the gear working surface is achieved.

[0047] S6. After polishing, set the cylinder pressure to negative pressure. In this embodiment, the cylinder pressure is set to -0.2 MPa. The polishing head separates from the gear being polished. After reaching the designated position, turn off the gas from the three-jaw chuck, release the fixation, remove the gear being polished, and check if the surface quality meets the requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, repeat the above steps until the requirements are met. In this embodiment, the above steps are repeated 7 times. Figure 6As shown, before polishing, the surface quality of the gear working surface is poor, and the "CMP" pattern cannot be clearly mapped on the surface. After polishing with the polishing device and method proposed in this invention, the surface quality of the gear working surface is significantly improved, and the "CMP" pattern can be clearly mapped on the surface.

[0048] In summary, this invention proposes designing the polishing head with a tooth profile that meshes with the gear being polished. Simultaneously, the polishing head reciprocates along the Z-axis during polishing, achieving synchronous and uniform contact across multiple tooth surfaces. This results in a large contact area and high polishing efficiency. Furthermore, the polishing head exhibits low wear, a stable removal function, and high polishing stability. Combined with a polishing slurry that exhibits synergistic oxidation and complexation effects, this invention dynamically balances chemical reactions and mechanical forces, resulting in high-quality polishing and ultimately achieving stable, high-quality, and efficient polishing of the gear's working surface.

[0049] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the embodiments described herein are intended to help the reader understand the principles of the invention, and should be understood that the scope of protection of the invention is not limited to such specific statements and embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various other specific modifications and combinations based on the technical teachings disclosed in this invention without departing from the spirit of the invention, and these modifications and combinations are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A high-quality and high-efficiency polishing device for meshing-driven gears, characterized in that: The device includes a polishing module (1), a polishing displacement module (2), a polishing base (3), and a control system (4). The polishing head (106) of the polishing module (1) is designed with a tooth shape that meshes with the gear being polished. The polishing displacement module (2) drives the gear being polished to accurately reach the polishing station. The cylinder (101) of the polishing module (1) drives the polishing head (106) to move and mesh with the gear being polished, applying polishing pressure. The spindle motor (108) of the polishing module (1) drives the gear being polished to rotate and drives the polishing head (106) to rotate through meshing. At the same time, the polishing displacement module (2) drives the polishing head (106) to reciprocate along the Z-axis, thereby achieving synchronous and uniform contact of multiple tooth surfaces. Combined with a polishing liquid with synergistic effects of oxidation and complexation, the working surface of the gear is polished with high quality and efficiency. Compared with the prior art, the present invention utilizes the synergistic effect of chemical and mechanical processes, resulting in high polishing quality; a large contact area of ​​the polishing head, resulting in high polishing efficiency; and low wear of the polishing head, resulting in high polishing stability.

2. The high-quality and high-efficiency polishing device for meshing-driven gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polishing module (1) includes a cylinder (101), a cylinder fixing plate (102), a Z-axis base plate (103), a polishing liquid pipe (104), a polishing waste liquid pool (105), a polishing head (106), a three-jaw chuck (107), a spindle motor (108), a hollow rotary platform (109), a rotary platform flange (110), an X-axis base plate (111), a polishing head slider (112), a polishing head guide rail (113), and a polishing head fixing cavity (114). The cylinder (101) is bolted to the cylinder fixing plate. (102) Connection: The polishing fluid pipe (104) is located above the polishing head (106) and is used to transport polishing fluid to the polishing head (106). The polishing waste liquid pool (105) is connected to the X-axis base plate (111) by bolts and is used to collect polishing waste liquid generated during polishing. The three-jaw chuck (107) is connected to the rotating platform flange (110) by bolts. The rotating platform flange (110) is connected to the hollow rotating platform (109) by bolts. The hollow rotating platform (109) is used to realize fixing, rotation and deceleration. The hollow rotary platform (109) is connected to the X-axis base plate (111) by bolts, and the main spindle motor (108) is connected to the hollow rotary platform (109) by bolts. Under the action of gas, the three-jaw chuck (107) fixes the polished gear. The main spindle motor (108) sequentially drives the hollow rotary platform (109), the three-jaw chuck (107) and the fixed polished gear to rotate. The polishing head guide rail (113) is connected to the cylinder fixing plate (102) by bolts. The polishing head slider (11... 2) It moves in a directional manner in conjunction with the polishing head guide rail (113). The polishing head fixing cavity (114) is connected to the polishing head slider (112) by bolts. The polishing head (106) is connected to the polishing head fixing cavity (114) by bolts. The push rod of the cylinder (101) is connected to the polishing head fixing cavity (114) by bolts. Under the action of gas, the push rod of the cylinder (101) drives the polishing head fixing cavity (114) to move, thereby driving the polishing head (106) to move, meshing with the polished gear, and applying polishing pressure.

3. The high-quality and high-efficiency polishing device for meshing-driven gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polishing head (106) is made of a porous flexible material and is used to transport polishing liquid to the contact area between the polishing head (106) and the gear being polished. The polishing head (106) is designed with a tooth shape that meshes with the gear being polished, but the tooth width of the polishing head (106) is greater than the tooth width of the gear being polished. When the gear being polished rotates actively, it drives the polishing head (106) to rotate through the meshing action, thereby achieving synchronous contact of multiple tooth surfaces and improving polishing efficiency.

4. The high-quality and high-efficiency polishing device for meshing-driven gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polishing displacement module (2) includes an X-axis moving module (201), a Z-axis moving module (202), a Y-axis moving module (203), a Y-axis guide rail (204), a Y-axis slider (205), and an X-axis support plate (206). The X-axis base plate (111) is connected to the X-axis moving module (201) of the polishing displacement module (2) by bolts, further realizing the X-axis directional movement of the polished gear. The X-axis moving module (201) is connected to the Y-axis moving module (203) by bolts. Under the combined action of the assembly (203), the Y-axis guide rail (204), and the Y-axis slider (205), the polished gear is further moved in the Y-axis direction. The Z-axis moving module (202) is fixedly connected to the polishing base (3) by bolts. The cylinder fixing plate (102) is connected to the Z-axis base plate (103) by bolts. The Z-axis base plate (103) is connected to the Z-axis moving module (202) by bolts, which further enables the polishing head (106) to reciprocate along the Z-axis, thereby achieving synchronous and uniform contact of multiple tooth surfaces.

5. The high-quality and high-efficiency polishing device for meshing-driven gears according to claim 1, characterized in that: The polishing base (3) includes a height adjuster (301), a steel frame (302), a level adjuster (303), and an optical platform (304). The height adjuster (301) is connected to the steel frame (302) by a thread. The overall height of the polishing base (3) is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the height adjuster (301) embedded in the steel frame (302). One end of the level adjuster (303) is connected to the steel frame (302) by a thread, and the other end is an anti-slip surface. The optical platform (304) is a honeycomb structure vibration isolation platform plate, which is placed on the anti-slip surface of the level adjuster (303). The overall levelness of the polishing base (3) is adjusted by adjusting the depth of the level adjuster (303) embedded in the steel frame (302), thereby ensuring the reliability of the polishing device.

6. A high-quality and high-efficiency polishing method for meshing-driven gears according to any one of claims 1-5, comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare a polishing solution. The polishing solution components include deionized water, abrasive particles, oxidant, and complexing agent. The pH value is acidic. The abrasive particles are one or more of diamond, alumina, silicon dioxide, and cerium oxide. The oxidant is one or more of hydrogen peroxide, potassium iodate, potassium periodate, sodium hypochlorite, sodium chlorate, potassium chlorate, potassium perchlorate, potassium permanganate, potassium persulfate, and ferric nitrate. The complexing agent is one or more of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, hexanoic acid, heptanoic acid, octanoic acid, nonanoic acid, decanoic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, octanoic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid, and citric acid. S2. Place the gear to be polished on the three-jaw chuck, and fix the gear to be polished in place under the action of gas. S3. Adjust the position of the gear to be polished on the X and Y axes through the polishing displacement module so that it can precisely mesh with the polishing head. S4. Set the cylinder pressure, and the cylinder drives the polishing head to mesh with the gear being polished, applying polishing pressure. S5. Set the process parameters such as the rotational speed of the gear being polished, the reciprocating speed and stroke of the polishing head along the Z-axis, the flow rate of the polishing fluid, and the single polishing time. Start polishing. The spindle motor of the polishing module drives the gear being polished to rotate and drives the polishing head to rotate through meshing. At the same time, the polishing displacement module drives the polishing head to reciprocate along the Z-axis, thereby achieving synchronous and uniform contact of multiple tooth surfaces. Combined with the synergistic effect of oxidation and complexation of the polishing fluid, as well as the synergistic effect of chemical and mechanical processes, high-quality and efficient polishing of the gear working surface is achieved. S6. After polishing is completed, set the cylinder pressure to negative pressure, separate the polishing head from the gear being polished, and after reaching the designated position, turn off the gas of the three-jaw chuck to release the fixation, remove the gear being polished, and check whether the surface quality meets the requirements. If it does not meet the requirements, repeat the above steps until the requirements are met.

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