A weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflection and antireflection film and a method for preparing the same

Abstract

The application discloses a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflection and antifogging film and a preparation method thereof, relates to the technical field of films, and the weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflection and antifogging film comprises a bottom layer, an intermediate layer, a top layer and a modifier layer; the bottom layer, the intermediate layer and the top layer are prepared by coating bottom layer coating sol, intermediate layer coating sol and top layer coating sol on a glass substrate in sequence and solidifying; the bottom layer coating sol, the intermediate layer coating sol and the top layer coating sol all comprise tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, water, hydrochloric acid and a template agent; and the modifier is prepared by mixing a nano cerium oxide emulsion and a substrate material emulsion. The antireflection and antifogging film provided by the application not only has excellent transmittance, but also has excellent hydrophobicity and weather resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of thin film technology, and in particular to a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective thin film and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Solar energy is a renewable and clean energy source with broad application prospects. Solar panels are devices that use photovoltaic or photochemical reactions to directly or indirectly convert absorbed solar radiation energy into electrical energy. However, during the solar energy collection process, reflection from the glass cover surface causes solar energy loss, leading to a decrease in photoelectric conversion efficiency. By modifying the surface to prepare anti-reflective films, the loss of sunlight on the glass cover surface of photoelectric devices can be reduced, thereby improving the efficiency of solar energy utilization.

[0003] Glass covers exposed to the outdoors for extended periods are prone to absorbing pollutants from the air, leading to a decrease in sunlight transmittance and affecting photoelectric conversion efficiency. Since solar panels are used for several years, the durability, hydrophobicity, and weather resistance of their surface antireflective properties are crucial factors for maintaining the high efficiency of solar cells. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To improve the hydrophobicity and weather resistance of antireflective films, this application provides a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective film and its preparation method.

[0005] This application provides a weather-resistant, hydrophobic, anti-reflective, and anti-reflective thin film, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A weather-resistant, hydrophobic, antireflective, and anti-reflective thin film includes a bottom layer, an intermediate layer, a top layer, and a modifier layer; the bottom layer, intermediate layer, and top layer are respectively prepared by sequentially coating a bottom layer coating sol, an intermediate layer coating sol, and a top layer coating sol onto a glass substrate and then curing them.

[0007] The raw materials for the bottom coating sol, intermediate coating sol, and top coating sol all include tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, water, hydrochloric acid, and template agent.

[0008] Preferably, the template agent is polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether.

[0009] Preferably, the molar ratio of the raw materials tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, water, hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether in the bottom coating sol is 1: (30-31): (5-6): (0.02-0.03): (0.00055-0.00065).

[0010] Preferably, the molar ratio of the raw materials tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, water, hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether in the intermediate layer coating sol is 1: (30-31): (5-6): (0.02-0.03): (0.0018-0.0022).

[0011] Preferably, the molar ratio of the raw materials tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, water, hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether in the top coating sol is 1: (38-39): (4.5-5): (0.45-0.5): (0.0035-0.004).

[0012] Preferably, the modifier is prepared by mixing a nano-cerium oxide emulsion and a substrate material emulsion; the mass ratio of the nano-cerium oxide emulsion to the substrate material emulsion is 1:1-1.3.

[0013] Preferably, the nano-cerium oxide emulsion is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.4-4.8 parts nano-cerium oxide, 30-60 parts anhydrous ethanol, 0.6-1.2 parts 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 4-8 parts ammonia water, and 3-6 parts epoxy resin curing agent.

[0014] The base material emulsion is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.7-1.4 parts perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, 30-60 parts anhydrous ethanol, 4-8 parts ammonia, 2.4-4.8 parts nano silica, and 6-12 parts epoxy resin.

[0015] Preferably, the preparation method of the nano-cerium oxide emulsion includes the following steps:

[0016] Nano-cerium oxide was dispersed in anhydrous ethanol under ultrasonic conditions, followed by the addition of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and ammonia. After reacting for 30-40 minutes, an epoxy resin curing agent was added and mixed evenly to obtain a nano-cerium oxide emulsion.

[0017] The method for preparing the substrate material emulsion includes the following steps:

[0018] Under ultrasonic conditions, perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane is dissolved in a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and ammonia, followed by the addition of nano-silica. After reacting for 30-40 minutes, epoxy resin is added and mixed thoroughly to obtain the substrate material emulsion.

[0019] This application provides a method for preparing a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective thin film, which adopts the following technical solution:

[0020] A method for preparing a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective thin film includes the following steps:

[0021] S1. Prepare the bottom layer coating sol, the middle layer coating sol, and the top layer coating sol respectively;

[0022] S2. Apply the bottom coating sol, the intermediate coating sol, and the top coating sol sequentially onto the cleaned glass substrate and cure them to obtain the bottom layer, the intermediate layer, and the top layer.

[0023] S3. The film is then placed in saturated ammonia vapor for 1-2 hours; followed by heat treatment at 300-350℃ for 1-2 hours.

[0024] S4. Spray the modifier evenly onto the top surface and cure it at 65-75℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain the modifier layer; finally, dry it at 150-200℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective film.

[0025] Preferably, the thickness of the bottom layer is 50-100 nm; the thickness of the intermediate layer is 100-200 nm; the thickness of the top layer is 50-100 nm; and the thickness of the modifier layer is 10-30 nm.

[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0027] 1. This application uses the sol-gel method to prepare a three-layer broadband antireflective film with different refractive indices by simply adjusting the content of the template agent polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether. The bottom, middle and top layers have appropriate refractive index gradients. The optical transmittance of the three-layer antireflective film at about 1600 nm can reach more than 99%, which has excellent optical performance.

[0028] 2. This application uses perfluorosilane polymers as the base material and cerium oxide nanoparticles as a modifier to endow the film with superhydrophobic properties, exhibiting excellent self-cleaning and antifouling capabilities. Cerium oxide is modified with 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, making it easily dispersed in the base material. The base material emulsion consists of perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane and nano-silica. After polymerization and curing, a superhydrophobic coating with a robust network structure is obtained, exhibiting strong UV resistance, abrasion resistance, and corrosion resistance, effectively improving the weather resistance of the antireflective film and extending its service life. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments.

[0030] The chemical reagents used in the preparation examples, embodiments, and comparative examples provided in this invention are all commercially available products.

[0031] Preparation Example 1, S1. Under ultrasonic conditions of 21 kHz, 2.4 g of nano-cerium oxide was dispersed in 30 g of anhydrous ethanol, followed by the addition of 0.6 g of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 4 g of ammonia water; after reacting for 30 min, 3 g of epoxy resin curing agent was added and mixed evenly to obtain nano-cerium oxide emulsion.

[0032] S2. Under ultrasonic conditions of 21 kHz, 0.7 g of perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane was dissolved in a mixture of 30 g of anhydrous ethanol and 4 g of ammonia, followed by the addition of 2.4 g of nano-silica. After reacting for 30 min, 6 g of epoxy resin was added and mixed evenly to obtain the substrate material emulsion.

[0033] S3. The nano-cerium oxide emulsion prepared by S1 and the substrate material emulsion prepared by S2 are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 and stirred at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain the modifier.

[0034] Preparation Example 2, S1. Under ultrasonic conditions of 21.5 kHz, 3.6 g of nano-cerium oxide was dispersed in 45 g of anhydrous ethanol, followed by the addition of 0.9 g of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 6 g of ammonia water; after reacting for 30 min, 4.5 g of epoxy resin curing agent was added and mixed evenly to obtain nano-cerium oxide emulsion.

[0035] S2. Under ultrasonic conditions of 21.5 kHz, 10.5 g of perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane was dissolved in a mixture of 45 g of anhydrous ethanol and 6 g of ammonia, followed by the addition of 3.6 g of nano silica. After reacting for 30 min, 9 g of epoxy resin was added and mixed evenly to obtain the substrate material emulsion.

[0036] S3. The nano-cerium oxide emulsion prepared by S1 and the substrate material emulsion prepared by S2 are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 and stirred at room temperature for 1.5 hours to obtain the modifier.

[0037] Preparation Example 3, S1. Under ultrasonic conditions of 22 kHz, 4.8 g of nano-cerium oxide was dispersed in 60 g of anhydrous ethanol, followed by the addition of 1.2 g of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and 8 g of ammonia water; after reacting for 35 min, 6 g of epoxy resin curing agent was added and mixed evenly to obtain nano-cerium oxide emulsion.

[0038] S2. Under ultrasonic conditions of 22kHz, 1.4g of perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane was dissolved in a mixture of 60g of anhydrous ethanol and 8g of ammonia, followed by the addition of 4.8g of nano-silica. After reacting for 35min, 12g of epoxy resin was added and mixed evenly to obtain the substrate material emulsion.

[0039] S3. The nano-cerium oxide emulsion prepared by S1 and the substrate material emulsion prepared by S2 are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1 and stirred at room temperature for 2 hours to obtain the modifier.

[0040] Preparation Example 4 differs from Preparation Example 1 in that the nano-cerium oxide emulsion prepared by S1 and the substrate material emulsion prepared by S2 are blended at a mass ratio of 1:1.15 in Preparation Example 4.

[0041] Preparation Example 5 differs from Preparation Example 1 in that the nano-cerium oxide emulsion prepared by S1 and the substrate material emulsion prepared by S2 are blended at a mass ratio of 1:1.3.

[0042] Preparation Example 6 differs from Preparation Example 1 in that the nano-cerium oxide emulsion prepared by S1 and the substrate material emulsion prepared by S2 are blended at a mass ratio of 1:0.85 in Preparation Example 6.

[0043] Preparation Example 7 differs from Preparation Example 1 in that the nano-cerium oxide emulsion prepared by S1 and the substrate material emulsion prepared by S2 are blended at a mass ratio of 1:1.45 in Preparation Example 7.

[0044] Example 1, S1. Prepare bottom layer coating sol, intermediate layer coating sol, and top layer coating sol respectively;

[0045] S11. The preparation method of the underlying coating sol includes the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:30:5:0.02:0.00055, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1382g of anhydrous ethanol, 90g of deionized water, 1.97g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 0.62g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; ... Tetraethyl silicate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 800 rpm for 20 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 72 hours to obtain the bottom coating sol;

[0046] S12. The preparation method of the intermediate layer coating sol includes the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:30:5:0.02:0.0018, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1382g of anhydrous ethanol, 90g of deionized water, 1.97g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 2.02g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; ... Tetraethyl silicate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 800 rpm for 20 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 72 hours to obtain the intermediate layer coating sol;

[0047] S13. The preparation method of the top coating sol includes the following steps: Weighing 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1750g of anhydrous ethanol, 81g of deionized water, 44.34g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 3.93g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) according to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) as 1:38:4.5:0.45:0.0035; Tetraethyl orthosilicate was mixed with half of anhydrous ethanol, one-quarter of deionized water and one-quarter of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 800 rpm for 14 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the top coating sol;

[0048] S2. The bottom coating sol, the middle coating sol, and the top coating sol are sequentially coated on a quartz glass substrate that has been cleaned with ethanol and deionized water and then cured to obtain a bottom layer with a thickness of 50 nm, a middle layer with a thickness of 100 nm, and a top layer with a thickness of 50 nm.

[0049] S3. The film was then placed in saturated ammonia vapor for 1 hour; followed by heat treatment at 300°C for 1 hour.

[0050] S4. The modifier prepared in Preparation Example 1 is uniformly sprayed onto the top surface and cured at 65°C for 2 hours to obtain a modifier layer with a thickness of 10 nm; finally, after drying at 150°C for 2 hours, a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective film is obtained.

[0051] Example 2, S1. Prepare the bottom layer coating sol, the middle layer coating sol, and the top layer coating sol respectively;

[0052] S11. The preparation method of the underlying coating sol includes the following steps: according to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:30.5:5.5:0.025:0.0006, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1405g of anhydrous ethanol, 90g of deionized water, 2.46g of 37% hydrochloric acid and 0.67g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; Tetraethyl orthosilicate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after stirring at 800 rpm for 20 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 72 hours to obtain the bottom coating sol;

[0053] S12. The preparation method of the intermediate layer coating sol includes the following steps: according to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:30.5:5.5:0.025:0.002, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1405g of anhydrous ethanol, 90g of deionized water, 2.46g of 37% hydrochloric acid and 2.24g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; Tetraethyl orthosilicate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after stirring at 800 rpm for 20 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 72 hours to obtain the intermediate layer coating sol;

[0054] S13. The preparation method of the top coating sol includes the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:38.5:4.75:0.475:0.00375, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1774g of anhydrous ethanol, 85.5g of deionized water, 46.8g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 4.21g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether. g; Tetraethyl orthosilicate was mixed with half of anhydrous ethanol, one-quarter of deionized water and one-quarter of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; Polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; After stirring at 800 rpm for 14 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the top coating sol;

[0055] S2. The bottom coating sol, the middle coating sol, and the top coating sol are sequentially coated on a quartz glass substrate that has been cleaned with ethanol and deionized water and then cured to obtain a bottom layer with a thickness of 50 nm, a middle layer with a thickness of 100 nm, and a top layer with a thickness of 50 nm.

[0056] S3. The film was then placed in saturated ammonia vapor for 1 hour; followed by heat treatment at 300°C for 1 hour.

[0057] S4. The modifier prepared in Preparation Example 1 is uniformly sprayed onto the top surface and cured at 65°C for 2 hours to obtain a modifier layer with a thickness of 10 nm; finally, after drying at 150°C for 2 hours, a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective film is obtained.

[0058] Example 3, S1. Prepare the bottom layer coating sol, the middle layer coating sol, and the top layer coating sol respectively;

[0059] S11. The preparation method of the underlying coating sol includes the following steps: Weighing 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1428g of anhydrous ethanol, 108g of deionized water, 2.96g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 0.73g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) according to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) as 1:31:6:0.03:0.00065; Tetraethyl orthosilicate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 800 rpm for 20 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 72 hours to obtain the bottom coating sol;

[0060] S12. The preparation method of the intermediate layer coating sol includes the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:31:6:0.03:0.0022, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1428g of anhydrous ethanol, 108g of deionized water, 2.96g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 2.47g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; ... Tetraethyl silicate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 800 rpm for 20 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 72 hours to obtain the intermediate layer coating sol;

[0061] S13. The preparation method of the top coating sol includes the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:39:5:0.5:0.004, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1977g of anhydrous ethanol, 81g of deionized water, 16.4g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 3.93g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; ... Tetraethyl acetate was stirred uniformly with half of anhydrous ethanol, one-quarter of deionized water and one-quarter of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after stirring uniformly at 800 rpm for 14 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the top coating sol;

[0062] S2. The bottom coating sol, the middle coating sol, and the top coating sol are sequentially coated on a quartz glass substrate that has been cleaned with ethanol and deionized water and then cured to obtain a bottom layer with a thickness of 50 nm, a middle layer with a thickness of 100 nm, and a top layer with a thickness of 50 nm.

[0063] S3. The film was then placed in saturated ammonia vapor for 1 hour; followed by heat treatment at 300°C for 1 hour.

[0064] S4. The modifier prepared in Preparation Example 1 is uniformly sprayed onto the top surface and cured at 65°C for 2 hours to obtain a modifier layer with a thickness of 10 nm; finally, after drying at 150°C for 2 hours, a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective film is obtained.

[0065] Example 4, S1. Prepare the bottom layer coating sol, the middle layer coating sol, and the top layer coating sol respectively;

[0066] S11. The preparation method of the underlying coating sol includes the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:29:4:0.01:0.00045, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1336g of anhydrous ethanol, 72g of deionized water, 0.99g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 0.51g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; ... Tetraethyl silicate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 800 rpm for 20 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 72 hours to obtain the bottom coating sol;

[0067] S12. The preparation method of the intermediate layer coating sol includes the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:29:4:0.01:0.0016, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1336g of anhydrous ethanol, 72g of deionized water, 0.99g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 1.8g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; ... Tetraethyl acetate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 800 rpm for 20 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 72 hours to obtain the intermediate layer coating sol;

[0068] S13. The preparation method of the top coating sol includes the following steps: Weighing 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1705g of anhydrous ethanol, 72g of deionized water, 39.42g of concentrated hydrochloric acid, and 3.37g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) according to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) as 1:37:4:0.4:0.003; Mixing tetraethyl orthosilicate with... Half of anhydrous ethanol, one-quarter of deionized water, and one-quarter of concentrated hydrochloric acid were stirred uniformly at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully. Polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid, and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution. After stirring uniformly at 800 rpm for 14 hours, the mixture was allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the top coating sol.

[0069] S2. The bottom coating sol, the middle coating sol, and the top coating sol are sequentially coated on a quartz glass substrate that has been cleaned with ethanol and deionized water and then cured to obtain a bottom layer with a thickness of 50 nm, a middle layer with a thickness of 100 nm, and a top layer with a thickness of 50 nm.

[0070] S3. The film was then placed in saturated ammonia vapor for 1 hour; followed by heat treatment at 300°C for 1 hour.

[0071] S4. The modifier prepared in Preparation Example 1 is uniformly sprayed onto the top surface and cured at 65°C for 2 hours to obtain a modifier layer with a thickness of 10 nm; finally, after drying at 150°C for 2 hours, a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective film is obtained.

[0072] Example 5, S1. Prepare the bottom layer coating sol, the middle layer coating sol, and the top layer coating sol respectively;

[0073] S11. The preparation method of the underlying coating sol includes the following steps: Weighing 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1474g of anhydrous ethanol, 126g of deionized water, 3.94g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 0.84g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) according to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) as 1:32:7:0.04:0.00075; Tetraethyl orthosilicate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 800 rpm for 20 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 72 hours to obtain the bottom coating sol;

[0074] S12. The preparation method of the intermediate layer coating sol includes the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:32:7:0.04:0.0024, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1474g of anhydrous ethanol, 126g of deionized water, 3.94g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 2.7g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; ... Tetraethyl silicate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 800 rpm for 20 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 72 hours to obtain the intermediate layer coating sol;

[0075] S13. The preparation method of the top coating sol includes the following steps: Weighing 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1843g of anhydrous ethanol, 99g of deionized water, 54.2g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 5.06g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) according to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) as 1:40:5.5:0.55:0.0045; Tetraethyl orthosilicate was mixed with half of anhydrous ethanol, one-quarter of deionized water and one-quarter of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60°C for 2 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 800 rpm for 14 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain the top coating sol;

[0076] S2. The bottom coating sol, the middle coating sol, and the top coating sol are sequentially coated on a quartz glass substrate that has been cleaned with ethanol and deionized water and then cured to obtain a bottom layer with a thickness of 50 nm, a middle layer with a thickness of 100 nm, and a top layer with a thickness of 50 nm.

[0077] S3. The film was then placed in saturated ammonia vapor for 1 hour; followed by heat treatment at 300°C for 1 hour.

[0078] S4. The modifier prepared in Preparation Example 1 is uniformly sprayed onto the top surface and cured at 65°C for 2 hours to obtain a modifier layer with a thickness of 10 nm; finally, after drying at 150°C for 2 hours, a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective film is obtained.

[0079] Example 6, S1. Prepare the bottom layer coating sol, the middle layer coating sol, and the top layer coating sol respectively;

[0080] S11. The preparation method of the underlying coating sol includes the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:30:5:0.02:0.00055, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1382g of anhydrous ethanol, 90g of deionized water, 0.73g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 0.62g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; ... Tetraethyl acetate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 65°C for 2.5 h to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 850 rpm for 22 h, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 74 h to obtain the bottom coating sol;

[0081] S12. The preparation method of the intermediate layer coating sol includes the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:30:5:0.02:0.0018, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1382g of anhydrous ethanol, 90g of deionized water, 0.73g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 2.02g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; ... Tetraethyl acetate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 65°C for 2.5 h to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 850 rpm for 22 h, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 74 h to obtain the intermediate layer coating sol;

[0082] S13. The preparation method of the top coating sol includes the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:38:4.5:0.45:0.0035, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1750g of anhydrous ethanol, 81g of deionized water, 16.4g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 3.93g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; ... Tetraethyl silicate was mixed with half of anhydrous ethanol, one-quarter of deionized water and one-quarter of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 65°C for 2.5 h to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 850 rpm for 16 h, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 26 h to obtain the top coating sol;

[0083] S2. The bottom coating sol, the middle coating sol, and the top coating sol are sequentially coated on a quartz glass substrate that has been cleaned with ethanol and deionized water and then cured to obtain a bottom layer with a thickness of 75nm, a middle layer with a thickness of 150nm, and a top layer with a thickness of 75nm.

[0084] S3. The film was then placed in saturated ammonia vapor for 1.5 h; followed by heat treatment at 325 °C for 1.5 h.

[0085] S4. The modifier prepared in Preparation Example 1 is uniformly sprayed onto the top surface and cured at 70°C for 2.5 h to obtain a modifier layer with a thickness of 20 nm; finally, after drying at 175°C for 2.5 h, a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective film is obtained.

[0086] Example 7, S1. Prepare the bottom layer coating sol, the middle layer coating sol, and the top layer coating sol respectively;

[0087] S11. The preparation method of the underlying coating sol includes the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:30:5:0.02:0.00055, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1382g of anhydrous ethanol, 90g of deionized water, 0.73g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 0.62g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; ... Tetraethyl silicate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 70°C for 3 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after stirring at 900 rpm for 24 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 76 hours to obtain the bottom coating sol;

[0088] S12. The preparation method of the intermediate layer coating sol includes the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) of 1:30:5:0.02:0.0018, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1382g of anhydrous ethanol, 90g of deionized water, 0.73g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 2.02g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; ... Tetraethyl silicate was mixed with one-fifth anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths deionized water and one-quarter concentrated hydrochloric acid at 70°C for 3 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 900 rpm for 24 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 76 hours to obtain the intermediate layer coating sol;

[0089] S13. The preparation method of the top coating sol includes the following steps: Weighing 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1750g of anhydrous ethanol, 81g of deionized water, 16.4g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and 3.93g of polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) according to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) as 1:38:4.5:0.45:0.0035; Tetraethyl orthosilicate was mixed with half of anhydrous ethanol, one-quarter of deionized water and one-quarter of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 70°C for 3 hours to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; after being stirred at 900 rpm for 18 hours, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 28 hours to obtain the top coating sol;

[0090] S2. The bottom coating sol, the middle coating sol, and the top coating sol are sequentially coated on a quartz glass substrate that has been cleaned with ethanol and deionized water and then cured to obtain a bottom layer with a thickness of 100 nm, a middle layer with a thickness of 200 nm, and a top layer with a thickness of 100 nm.

[0091] S3. The film was then placed in saturated ammonia vapor for 2 hours and then heat-treated at 350°C for 2 hours.

[0092] S4. The modifier prepared in Preparation Example 1 is uniformly sprayed onto the top surface and cured at 75°C for 3 hours to obtain a modifier layer with a thickness of 30 nm; finally, after drying at 200°C for 3 hours, a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective film is obtained.

[0093] Example 8 differs from Example 1 in that the modifier used in Example 8 was prepared from Preparation Example 2.

[0094] Example 9 differs from Example 1 in that the modifier used in Example 9 was prepared from Preparation Example 3.

[0095] The difference between Example 10 and Example 1 is that the modifier used in Example 10 was prepared from Preparation Example 4.

[0096] Example 11 differs from Example 1 in that the modifier used in Example 11 was prepared from Preparation Example 5.

[0097] Example 12 differs from Example 1 in that the modifier used in Example 12 was prepared from Preparation Example 6.

[0098] Example 13 differs from Example 1 in that the modifier used in Example 13 was prepared from Preparation Example 7.

[0099] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the film in Comparative Example 1 was not treated with a modifier.

[0100] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that the ratio of the three thin films in Comparative Example 2 is exactly the same. The specific operation is as follows:

[0101] S1. Prepare the bottom coating sol, the intermediate coating sol, and the top coating sol respectively;

[0102] S11. The preparation methods of the bottom coating sol, intermediate coating sol, and top coating sol are the same, all including the following steps: According to the molar ratio of tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, deionized water, 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5) in the proportion of 1:30:5:0.02:0.00055, weigh 264.3g of tetraethyl orthosilicate, 1382g of anhydrous ethanol, 90g of deionized water, 1.97g of 37% hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether (molecular weight 1123.5). 0.62 g of hexadecyl ether; Tetraethyl orthosilicate was mixed with one-fifth of anhydrous ethanol, two-fifths of deionized water and one-quarter of concentrated hydrochloric acid at 60 °C for 2 h to obtain a pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution, allowing the solution to react fully; Polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether was dissolved in the remaining mixture of anhydrous ethanol, concentrated hydrochloric acid and deionized water, and then slowly added to the pre-hydrolyzed silica precursor stock solution; After stirring at 800 rpm for 20 h, it was allowed to stand at room temperature for 72 h.

[0103] S2. The bottom coating sol, the middle coating sol, and the top coating sol are sequentially coated on a quartz glass substrate that has been cleaned with ethanol and deionized water and then cured to obtain a bottom layer with a thickness of 50 nm, a middle layer with a thickness of 100 nm, and a top layer with a thickness of 50 nm.

[0104] S3. The film was then placed in saturated ammonia vapor for 1 hour; followed by heat treatment at 300°C for 1 hour.

[0105] S4. The modifier prepared in Preparation Example 1 is uniformly sprayed onto the top surface and cured at 65°C for 2 hours to obtain a modifier layer with a thickness of 10 nm; finally, after drying at 150°C for 2 hours, a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective film is obtained.

[0106] Performance testing: The optical transmittance of the weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and antireflective films obtained in Examples 1-13 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was tested using an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrometer. The center wavelength of the film was set at about 1600 nm. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0107] The water contact angles of the weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective films obtained in Examples 1-13 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were measured using a Shanghai Zhongchen contact angle goniometer. The contact angles were determined by the goniometric method, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0108] Weather resistance test: The weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective films obtained in Examples 1-13 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were placed under ultraviolet light radiation (254nm, 120μWcm). -2 The film was irradiated for 80 hours, and then the transmittance of the film was tested using an ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared spectrometer. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0109] The specific test results are as follows:

[0110] Table 1 Performance Test Results

[0111]

[0112] As can be seen from the test results in Table 1, the weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective film provided in this application has an optical transmittance of over 99% at around 1600nm, indicating excellent optical transmittance. Furthermore, the optical transmittance decreases by no more than 5% after 80 hours of ultraviolet radiation, indicating that the antireflective film provided in this application has excellent weather resistance. The contact angle of the film can reach over 150°, indicating that the antireflective film provided in this application has superhydrophobic properties and can achieve a self-cleaning effect.

[0113] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of this application and is not intended to limit it. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they fall within the scope of the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A weather-resistant, hydrophobic, antireflective, and anti-reflective thin film, characterized in that: It includes a bottom layer, an intermediate layer, a top layer, and a modifier layer; the bottom layer, the intermediate layer, and the top layer are respectively prepared by coating a bottom layer coating sol, an intermediate layer coating sol, and a top layer coating sol onto a glass substrate and then curing them. The raw materials for the bottom coating sol, the middle coating sol, and the top coating sol all include tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, water, hydrochloric acid, and a template agent. The template agent is polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether; The modifier is prepared by mixing a nano-cerium oxide emulsion and a substrate material emulsion; the mass ratio of the nano-cerium oxide emulsion to the substrate material emulsion is 1:1-1.

3. The nano-cerium oxide emulsion is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2.4-4.8 parts nano-cerium oxide, 30-60 parts anhydrous ethanol, 0.6-1.2 parts 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 4-8 parts ammonia water, and 3-6 parts epoxy resin curing agent. The base material emulsion is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.7-1.4 parts perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane, 30-60 parts anhydrous ethanol, 4-8 parts ammonia, 2.4-4.8 parts nano silica, and 6-12 parts epoxy resin.

2. The weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective thin film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molar ratio of the raw materials tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, water, hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether in the undercoat sol is 1:(30-31):(5-6):(0.02-0.03):(0.00055-0.00065).

3. The weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective thin film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molar ratio of the raw materials tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, water, hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether in the intermediate layer coating sol is 1:(30-31):(5-6):(0.02-0.03):(0.0018-0.0022).

4. The weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective thin film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molar ratio of the raw materials tetraethyl orthosilicate, anhydrous ethanol, water, hydrochloric acid, and polyoxyethylene (20) hexadecyl ether in the top coating sol is 1: (38-39): (4.5-5): (0.45-0.5): (0.0035-0.004).

5. The weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective thin film according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the nano-cerium oxide emulsion includes the following steps: Nano-cerium oxide was dispersed in anhydrous ethanol under ultrasonic conditions, followed by the addition of 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and ammonia. After reacting for 30-40 minutes, an epoxy resin curing agent was added and mixed evenly to obtain a nano-cerium oxide emulsion. The method for preparing the substrate material emulsion includes the following steps: Under ultrasonic conditions, perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane is dissolved in a mixture of anhydrous ethanol and ammonia, followed by the addition of nano-silica. After reacting for 30-40 minutes, epoxy resin is added and mixed thoroughly to obtain the substrate material emulsion.

6. A method for preparing a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective thin film according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: S1. Prepare the bottom coating sol, the intermediate coating sol, and the top coating sol respectively; S2. Apply the bottom coating sol, the intermediate coating sol, and the top coating sol sequentially onto the cleaned glass substrate and cure them to obtain the bottom layer, the intermediate layer, and the top layer. S3. The film is then placed in saturated ammonia vapor for 1-2 hours; followed by heat treatment at 300-350℃ for 1-2 hours. S4. Spray the modifier evenly onto the top surface and cure it at 65-75℃ for 2-3 hours to obtain the modifier layer; Finally, after drying at 150-200℃ for 2-3 hours, a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective film is obtained.

7. The method for preparing a weather-resistant hydrophobic antireflective and anti-reflective thin film according to claim 6, characterized in that: The thickness of the bottom layer is 50-100 nm; the thickness of the middle layer is 100-200 nm; the thickness of the top layer is 50-100 nm; and the thickness of the modifier layer is 10-30 nm.

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