A multi-flow battery stack system and a control method thereof

Abstract

The application mainly relates to the technical field of batteries. The application discloses a multi-liquid flow battery stack system and a control method thereof, and is used for controlling multiple battery stacks. The method comprises the following steps: detecting each battery stack to obtain health state information of each battery stack; determining the priority of each battery stack based on each health state information; screening multiple target battery stacks according to the required number of battery stacks of the load power consumption and the priority of each battery stack, and outputting electric energy by using the multiple target battery stacks; and adjusting the target battery stacks when the target battery stacks output electric energy, so that the target battery stacks are maintained in the best efficiency interval while meeting the output power demand. The application can regulate and control multiple liquid flow battery stacks, is beneficial to each battery stack to provide sufficient power output in the best efficiency condition, and thus improves the power supply efficiency of the whole battery system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery technology, specifically to a multi-flow battery stack system and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the large-scale development and utilization of renewable energy, the importance of energy storage technology is becoming increasingly prominent. Flow batteries, as an energy storage device with advantages such as high energy density, deep charge / discharge capability, and long cycle life, have shown enormous application potential in the energy storage field. Flow battery stacks are the core unit constituting a flow battery system. To meet the power and energy demands of large-scale energy storage systems, multiple flow battery stacks are often combined and operated in parallel.

[0003] However, problems gradually emerge in actual parallel operation scenarios. Since battery stacks are assembled from numerous materials and components, it's difficult to achieve perfect consistency in assembly precision during manufacturing. Even minor differences can impact stack performance. For example, variations in electrode assembly tightness, ion exchange membrane flatness, and electrolyte flow channel processing accuracy can lead to differences in initial performance parameters such as internal resistance and active material utilization. As operation time increases, the thermal environment of each parallel-operated stack becomes inconsistent. Inadequate design and operation of the thermal management system, such as improper layout or uneven cooling medium distribution, can result in poor heat dissipation in some stacks while others experience over- or under-cooling. This affects key performance indicators like chemical reaction rates and ion transport speeds, further exacerbating performance differences between stacks. Poor-performing battery stacks may operate under overload or inefficient conditions for a long time, while high-performing battery stacks may not be fully utilized. Moreover, this difference will accumulate over time, leading to significant differences in the aging degree between battery stacks. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a multi-flow battery stack system and its control method, which can regulate multiple flow battery stacks, enabling each stack to provide sufficient power output under optimal efficiency, thereby improving the power supply efficiency of the entire battery system.

[0005] This invention provides a control method for a multi-flow battery stack system, used to control multiple battery stacks, the method comprising:

[0006] The health status information of each battery stack is obtained by detecting each of the battery stacks;

[0007] Based on each of the health status information, the priority of each battery stack is determined;

[0008] Based on the number of battery stacks required for the load power consumption and the priority of each battery stack, multiple target battery stacks are selected, and the power is output using the multiple target battery stacks.

[0009] When the target battery stack outputs electrical energy, the target battery stack is adjusted so that it maintains its optimal efficiency range while meeting the output power requirements.

[0010] Optionally, the battery stacks other than the target battery stack among the plurality of battery stacks are backup battery stacks;

[0011] The control method for the multi-flow battery stack system further includes:

[0012] The operating status of each target battery stack is detected. When the operating status of the first target battery stack is detected to be abnormal, a power adjustment operation is performed on the first target battery stack. The power adjustment operation is to reduce the output power of the first target battery stack or control the first target battery stack to stop working.

[0013] After performing the power adjustment operation, the required power value of the multi-flow battery stack system is determined;

[0014] If the backup battery stack exists, at least one of the backup battery stacks is activated to replace the first target battery stack for power supply according to the required power value;

[0015] If the backup battery stack does not exist, a second target battery stack is selected from the plurality of target battery stacks based on the required power value, and the output power is increased.

[0016] Optionally, the multi-flow battery stack system further includes multiple electrolyte storage components, each of which is paired with one of the battery stacks;

[0017] The control method for the multi-flow battery stack system further includes:

[0018] When the state of charge value of the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target battery stack is detected to be lower than the first preset threshold, the target backup battery stack is selected from the multiple backup battery stacks based on the charge state of the electrolyte, and the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target backup battery stack is used as the electrolyte supply source.

[0019] The electrolyte from the electrolyte supply source is replaced with the electrolyte from the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target battery stack in equal amounts until the state of charge value of the electrolyte supply source is lower than a second preset threshold.

[0020] Optionally, when the state of charge (SOC) value of the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target battery stack is detected to be lower than a first preset threshold, the step of selecting a target backup battery stack from among the multiple backup battery stacks based on the SOC charge state, and using the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target backup battery stack as an electrolyte supply source, includes:

[0021] When the state of charge value of the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target battery stack is detected to be lower than a first preset threshold, each of the backup battery stacks is sorted according to the charge state of the electrolyte.

[0022] Each backup battery stack is sequentially screened according to its serial number until the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target backup battery stack is selected as the electrolyte supply source, wherein the state of charge value of the target backup battery stack is higher than a third preset threshold.

[0023] Optionally, the step of detecting each of the battery stacks to obtain the health status information of each battery stack includes:

[0024] Multiple data sets are obtained by testing each of the battery stacks, and each data set includes the evaluation index value of each battery stack.

[0025] Based on the preset weight value corresponding to each data group, the total evaluation index value of each battery stack is determined, wherein the total evaluation index value is equal to the sum of the evaluation index values ​​of different data groups of the same battery stack;

[0026] When the total evaluation index value of the battery stack is lower than the preset warning value, the battery stack is determined to be in a fault state, and the battery stack is controlled to stop working.

[0027] Optionally, the plurality of data groups include at least a voltage data group, and the method for obtaining the voltage evaluation index value of each battery stack in the voltage data group includes:

[0028] The actual voltage value is obtained by detecting the battery stack.

[0029] The actual voltage value is compared with the standard voltage value in the factory configuration data of the battery stack to determine the voltage evaluation index value of the battery stack.

[0030] Optionally, the multi-flow battery stack system further includes multiple electrolyte storage components, each of which is paired with one of the battery stacks;

[0031] The plurality of data groups includes at least an electrolyte state data group, and the method for obtaining the electrolyte state evaluation index value of each battery stack in the electrolyte state data group includes:

[0032] The state of charge, temperature, and concentration uniformity values ​​of the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the battery stack are obtained by detection.

[0033] The state of charge value, the temperature value, and the concentration uniformity value are weighted and calculated according to preset sub-weighting coefficients to obtain the electrolyte state evaluation index value of the battery stack.

[0034] Optionally, the plurality of data groups include at least an impedance data group, and the method for obtaining the impedance evaluation index value of each battery stack in the impedance data group includes:

[0035] The actual impedance value was obtained by testing the battery stack.

[0036] The actual impedance value is compared with the standard impedance value in the factory configuration data of the battery stack to determine the impedance evaluation index value of the battery stack.

[0037] The present invention also provides a multi-flow battery stack system, the system comprising a battery stack module, a control module and a monitoring module;

[0038] The battery stack module includes multiple battery stacks, each of which is used to output electrical energy to the load;

[0039] The control module is used to detect the battery stack module through the monitoring module and execute the control method of any of the above-described multi-flow battery stack systems.

[0040] Optionally, the battery stack module further includes multiple electrolyte storage units;

[0041] Each of the electrolyte storage units forms a battery stack group with one of the battery stacks, and each electrolyte storage unit includes an electrolyte storage component;

[0042] The electrolyte storage assembly includes a first storage tank and a second storage tank;

[0043] In each of the battery stacks, one end of the first liquid storage tank is connected to one end of the first electrode of the battery stack, and the other end of the first liquid storage tank is connected to the other end of the first electrode of the battery stack to form a first circuit; and one end of the second liquid storage tank is connected to one end of the second electrode of the battery stack, and the other end of the second liquid storage tank is connected to the other end of the second electrode of the battery stack to form a second circuit.

[0044] In every two battery stacks, the first liquid storage tank of the first battery stack is connected to the first liquid storage tank of the second battery stack, and the second liquid storage tank of the first battery stack is connected to the second liquid storage tank of the second battery stack.

[0045] The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0046] First, the health status information of each battery stack is obtained through testing, laying the foundation for subsequent precise control. Based on this health status information, the priority of each battery stack is determined; higher-priority stacks typically have better health and performance. Then, target battery stacks are selected based on the number of stacks required for the load's power consumption and their priorities, ensuring that the selected stacks meet both power demands and good performance. When the target battery stacks output power, adjustments are made to maintain them within their optimal efficiency range while meeting power requirements. This avoids energy waste due to overload or inefficient operation, fully leveraging the performance advantages of each battery stack. Ultimately, this achieves sufficient power output from each battery stack at optimal efficiency, improving the overall power supply efficiency of the battery system and effectively solving the efficiency optimization problem when multiple battery stacks work together. Attached Figure Description

[0047] The accompanying drawings are provided to further understand the technical solutions of the present invention and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to explain the technical solutions of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0048] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a control method for a multi-flow battery stack system.

[0049] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps involved in adjusting the efficiency of a multi-flow battery stack by regulating the electrolyte capacity in a control method for a multi-flow battery stack system.

[0050] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of step S101 in a control method for a multi-flow battery stack system.

[0051] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a multi-flow battery stack system.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a battery stack module in a multi-flow battery stack system. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0054] In this technical field, flow battery stacks are the core unit of flow battery systems. To meet the power and energy demands of large-scale energy storage systems, multiple flow battery stacks are often used in parallel operation. Traditional parallel operation control strategies often employ a simple average distribution method, applying the same current or power to each stack in an attempt to achieve uniform operation. However, this approach ignores the differences in performance and aging levels among the stacks, failing to fully utilize the advantages of higher-performing stacks and unable to effectively regulate lower-performing stacks. Consequently, lower-performing stacks may operate under overload or inefficient conditions for extended periods, while higher-performing stacks remain underutilized, accelerating performance degradation and impacting the overall system's lifespan and reliability. This hinders further performance improvements and stable, reliable operation of flow battery energy storage systems in large-scale applications. To address these technical problems, this solution provides a multi-flow battery stack system and its control method, capable of regulating multiple flow battery stacks to ensure each stack provides sufficient power output at optimal efficiency, thereby improving the overall power supply efficiency of the battery system. The following are various embodiments of this technical solution.

[0055] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps of a control method for a multi-flow battery stack system.

[0056] This embodiment provides a control method for a multi-flow battery stack system, used to control multiple battery stacks. The method includes:

[0057] S101. Detect each battery stack to obtain the health status information of each battery stack.

[0058] S102. Based on each health status information, determine the priority of each battery stack.

[0059] S103. Based on the number of battery stacks required for the load power consumption and the priority of each battery stack, select multiple target battery stacks and use multiple target battery stacks to output power.

[0060] S104. When the target battery stack outputs electrical energy, the target battery stack is adjusted so that it maintains its optimal efficiency range while meeting the output power requirements.

[0061] Understandably, in this embodiment, each battery stack is first tested to obtain its health status information, which lays the foundation for subsequent precise control. Based on the health status information, the priority of each battery stack is determined; higher-priority battery stacks generally have better health and performance. Then, target battery stacks are selected by combining the number of battery stacks required for the load power consumption and the priority, ensuring that the selected battery stacks can meet the power requirements and have good performance. When the target battery stack outputs power, it is adjusted to maintain it within the optimal efficiency range while meeting the output power requirements, avoiding energy waste due to overload or inefficient operation, fully utilizing the performance advantages of each battery stack, and ultimately achieving sufficient power output from each battery stack under optimal efficiency conditions, improving the power supply efficiency of the entire battery system, and effectively solving the efficiency optimization problem when multiple battery stacks work together.

[0062] In some embodiments, a control method for a multi-flow battery stack system includes:

[0063] The operating status of each target battery stack is monitored. When the operating status of the first target battery stack is detected to be abnormal, a power adjustment operation is performed on the first target battery stack. The power adjustment operation is to reduce the output power of the first target battery stack or control the first target battery stack to stop working. After the power adjustment operation is performed, the required power value of the multi-flow battery stack system is determined. If a backup battery stack exists, at least one backup battery stack is activated to replace the first target battery stack for power supply based on the required power value. If no backup battery stack exists, a second target battery stack is selected from multiple target battery stacks based on the required power value and its output power is increased.

[0064] Understandably, the new technologies added to the existing technical solution further enhance the reliability and stability of the multi-flow battery stack system. By monitoring the operating status of the target battery stack, anomalies are detected promptly and power adjustments are made to prevent abnormal battery stacks from causing greater impact on the system. Simultaneously, based on the required power value, backup battery stacks are flexibly activated, or the output power of other target battery stacks is re-selected and increased, ensuring that the system can still provide stable and efficient power supply under abnormal conditions. This dynamic adjustment and backup mechanism effectively improves the system's fault tolerance and power supply continuity, further optimizing the performance and efficiency of the entire battery system.

[0065] Please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the steps involved in adjusting the efficiency of a multi-flow battery stack system by regulating the electrolyte capacity.

[0066] In some embodiments, a control method for a multi-flow battery stack system includes:

[0067] S201. When the state of charge value of the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target battery stack is detected to be lower than the first preset threshold, the target backup battery stack is selected from multiple backup battery stacks based on the charge state of the electrolyte, and the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target backup battery stack is used as the electrolyte supply source.

[0068] S202, perform an equal-volume replacement operation between the electrolyte from the electrolyte supply source and the electrolyte from the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target battery stack, until the state of charge value of the electrolyte supply source is lower than the second preset threshold.

[0069] In this embodiment, the equal-volume replacement operation specifically involves: replenishing the high-charge state electrolyte in the supply source storage tank to the target battery stack operating at high power, while simultaneously returning the low-charge state electrolyte replaced by the target battery stack to the supply source storage tank.

[0070] Understandably, the new technologies added to the existing technical solution further enhance the stability and lifespan of the multi-flow battery stack system. By selecting a target backup battery stack based on the electrolyte's state of charge (SOC) when it falls below a threshold and performing an equal-volume electrolyte replacement, the problem of insufficient electrolyte is effectively solved, ensuring a continuous and stable power supply to the target battery stack. Simultaneously, this replacement operation avoids excessive electrolyte consumption, extends electrolyte lifespan, and reduces system maintenance costs. Furthermore, the SOC-based selection mechanism further optimizes the backup battery stack usage strategy, improving the overall system performance and reliability.

[0071] In some embodiments, if the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the operating battery stack is used as the electrolyte supply source, the target battery stack and the battery stack corresponding to the electrolyte supply source share the electrolyte from the electrolyte supply source.

[0072] In some embodiments, step S201 includes:

[0073] When the state of charge (SOC) of the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target battery stack is detected to be lower than the first preset threshold, each backup battery stack is sorted according to the charge state of the electrolyte; each backup battery stack is then filtered according to its serial number until the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target backup battery stack is selected as the electrolyte supply source, wherein the SOC of the target backup battery stack is higher than the third preset threshold.

[0074] Understandably, the additional methods added to the original technical solution further optimize the selection process for backup battery stacks. By sorting and sequentially selecting backup battery stacks based on their health status information when the electrolyte state of charge is below a threshold, it ensures that the selected target backup battery stacks not only have a state of charge value higher than a third preset threshold but also have a good health condition. This further improves the reliability of electrolyte replacement, ensures the stable operation of the system, enhances resource utilization efficiency, and strengthens the overall performance and adaptability of the system.

[0075] Please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a flowchart of step S101 in a control method for a multi-flow battery stack system.

[0076] In some embodiments, step S101 includes:

[0077] S301. Test each battery stack to obtain multiple data sets, each data set including the evaluation index value of each battery stack.

[0078] S302. Based on the preset weight value corresponding to each data group, determine the total evaluation index value for each battery stack, wherein the total evaluation index value is equal to the sum of the evaluation index values ​​of different data groups for the same battery stack.

[0079] S303. When the total evaluation index value of the battery stack is lower than the preset warning value, the battery stack is determined to be in a fault state, and the battery stack is controlled to stop working.

[0080] Understandably, the additional methods added to the existing technical solution further enhance the accuracy and reliability of battery stack health status detection. By detecting multiple data sets for each battery stack and calculating a total evaluation index value based on preset weight values, the health status of the battery stack can be comprehensively assessed by integrating data from multiple dimensions. When the total evaluation index value is lower than the preset warning value, the battery stack is determined to be in a faulty state and stops working, effectively avoiding the impact of faulty battery stacks on the system and enhancing system stability. This multi-dimensional detection and weighted evaluation method makes the judgment of battery stack health status more scientific and accurate, further improving the operating efficiency and safety of the entire multi-flow battery stack system.

[0081] In some embodiments, the plurality of data groups include at least a voltage data group, and the voltage evaluation index value of each battery stack in the voltage data group is obtained in the following ways:

[0082] The actual voltage value of the battery stack is obtained by testing; the actual voltage value is compared with the standard voltage value in the factory configuration data of the battery stack to determine the voltage evaluation index value of the battery stack.

[0083] In some embodiments, the plurality of data groups include at least an electrolyte state data group, and the method for obtaining the electrolyte state evaluation index value of each battery stack in the electrolyte state data group includes:

[0084] The state of charge (SOC), temperature, and concentration uniformity values ​​of the electrolyte storage components corresponding to the battery stack are obtained by testing. The SOC, temperature, and concentration uniformity values ​​are then weighted according to preset sub-weighting coefficients to obtain the electrolyte state evaluation index value of the battery stack.

[0085] In some embodiments, the plurality of data groups includes at least an impedance data group, and the impedance evaluation index value of each battery stack in the impedance data group is obtained in the following ways:

[0086] The actual impedance value of the battery stack is obtained by testing; the actual impedance value is compared with the standard impedance value in the factory configuration data of the battery stack to determine the impedance evaluation index value of the battery stack.

[0087] This application also provides a specific embodiment of a control method for a multi-flow battery stack system in a practical scenario. In this specific embodiment, the method for obtaining the health assessment results of the multi-flow battery stack system is as follows:

[0088] Three data sets were obtained from testing each battery stack: voltage data set, electrolyte state data set, and impedance data set.

[0089] Based on a comparison of the factory reference polarization curve characteristics and actual output voltage of each fuel cell stack, voltage evaluation indicators are obtained. Where U0 is the factory default parameter, U act This represents the actual output voltage. U act The closer the value is to U0, the better the performance of the fuel cell stack. Periodic calculations should be performed to assess the performance of each flow battery stack.

[0090] Secondly, the electrolyte state in each fuel cell stack's electrolyte storage tank is monitored, including parameters such as charge state value, temperature value, and concentration uniformity value. An electrolyte state evaluation index λ2 is obtained based on preset weights.

[0091] Real-time monitoring of the stack impedance, and obtaining the impedance evaluation index λ3 based on the impedance condition:

[0092] ,

[0093] Where R0 is the factory parameter, R act This is the actual measured impedance. R act The smaller the increase, the better the performance of the fuel cell stack. Impedance is measured periodically to assess the performance of each flow battery stack.

[0094] Based on the above evaluation indicators, the preset weight values ​​for each indicator are: w1=70%, w2=5%, w3=25%. These are used to determine the health level of each fuel cell stack; for example, the health indicators for flow battery stack 1... HI0 is set as the health warning value. When the value of HI1 of the fuel cell stack is less than HI0, the fuel cell stack is considered to be faulty and not suitable for startup.

[0095] When the above-mentioned multi-flow battery stack system is in operation, its control method is as follows:

[0096] Step 1: Based on the real-time health assessment results, start up the fuel cell stacks in order of their health status from best to worst, prioritizing the fuel cell stacks with the best health status, and ensuring that each operating fuel cell stack always operates in the optimal efficiency and power range; dynamically calculate and determine the number of fuel cell stacks that need to be put into operation based on the current load demand.

[0097] Step 2: Monitor the operating status of the fuel cell stacks in real time. When the system detects that a fuel cell stack is not operating well, reduce its power or stop its operation to avoid irreversible damage. At the same time, if there are any non-operating fuel cell stacks, start them to make up for the insufficient power; if there are no spare fuel cell stacks, increase the power of healthy fuel cell stacks to make up for the insufficient power output.

[0098] Step 3: Real-time monitoring of the valence state distribution and SOC of the electrolyte in the storage tanks of each fuel cell stack. When the SOC of the electrolyte in a high-power operating stack is detected to be lower than a preset threshold, based on the real-time health assessment results, the fuel cell stack with the worst health status and whose storage tank has a compliant SOC is prioritized as the supply source. Its high-SOC electrolyte is then added to the high-power operating stack, while the low-SOC electrolyte is returned to the storage tank of the supply source stack. This process continues until the SOC of the electrolyte in the storage tank of the fuel cell stack with the worst health status falls below the threshold, achieving intelligent optimization and recycling of electrolyte resources. If the SOC of the supply source is insufficient, the fuel cell stack with the second worst health status is selected as the supply source in order of health status ranking. Dynamic optimization and replacement of the electrolyte can significantly extend the system's operating time in the high-efficiency region.

[0099] It is understandable that the specific embodiments described above, based on the weight coefficient adjustment of a multi-objective optimization model, ensure that each fuel cell stack always operates within its optimal efficiency and power range, resulting in high efficiency for the entire power supply system. Furthermore, evaluating the flow battery through fuel cell stack performance and electrolyte status allows for real-time assessment of the stack's health and timely detection of performance degradation, preventing irreversible damage, extending system lifespan, and reducing maintenance costs. Additionally, timely isolation of poorly performing fuel cell stacks can prevent significant fluctuations in system output.

[0100] Please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of a multi-flow battery stack system.

[0101] This embodiment provides a multi-flow battery stack system, which includes a battery stack module 401, a control module 402, and a monitoring module 403.

[0102] The battery stack module 401 includes multiple battery stacks, each of which is used to output electrical energy to a load.

[0103] The control module 402 is used to detect the battery stack module through the monitoring module 403 and execute the control method of any of the above-mentioned multi-flow battery stack systems.

[0104] In some embodiments, battery stacks other than the target battery stack are backup battery stacks among a plurality of battery stacks.

[0105] In some embodiments, the multi-flow battery stack system further includes multiple electrolyte storage components, each of which is paired with a battery stack.

[0106] In some embodiments, the battery stack module further includes a plurality of electrolyte storage units; each electrolyte storage unit forms a battery stack group with a battery stack, and each electrolyte storage unit includes an electrolyte storage component; the electrolyte storage component includes a first storage tank and a second storage tank.

[0107] In each battery stack, one end of the first liquid storage tank is connected to one end of the first electrode of the battery stack, and the other end of the first liquid storage tank is connected to the other end of the first electrode of the battery stack to form a first circuit. Also, one end of the second liquid storage tank is connected to one end of the second electrode of the battery stack, and the other end of the second liquid storage tank is connected to the other end of the second electrode of the battery stack to form a second circuit.

[0108] In every two battery stacks, the first liquid storage tank of the first battery stack is connected to the first liquid storage tank of the second battery stack, and the second liquid storage tank of the first battery stack is connected to the second liquid storage tank of the second battery stack.

[0109] Please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a battery stack module in a multi-flow battery stack system.

[0110] As shown in the figure, a system consists of three battery stack modules, each module including a battery stack and two electrolyte storage units. According to the image, each battery stack module consists of an anode electrolyte storage tank and a cathode electrolyte storage tank, which are connected to the anode and cathode of the battery stack, respectively.

[0111] In the first battery stack (battery stack module 1), the first end of the anode electrolyte storage tank 1 is connected to the first end of the anode of the battery stack module 1, and the second end of the anode electrolyte storage tank 1 is connected to the second end of the anode of the battery stack module 1, forming a first circuit. Similarly, the first end of the cathode electrolyte storage tank 1 is connected to the first end of the cathode of the battery stack module 1, and the second end of the cathode electrolyte storage tank 1 is connected to the second end of the cathode of the battery stack module 1, forming a second circuit.

[0112] In the second battery stack (battery stack module 2), the first end of the anode electrolyte storage tank 2 is connected to the first end of the anode of the battery stack module 2, and the second end of the anode electrolyte storage tank 2 is connected to the second end of the anode of the battery stack module 2, forming a first circuit. The first end of the cathode electrolyte storage tank 2 is connected to the first end of the cathode of the battery stack module 2, and the second end of the cathode electrolyte storage tank 2 is connected to the second end of the cathode of the battery stack module 2, forming a second circuit.

[0113] In the third battery stack (battery stack module N), the connection method is the same as the first two modules.

[0114] Between two battery stacks, such as the first and second battery stacks, anolyte reservoir 1 is connected to anolyte reservoir 2, and cathode electrolyte reservoir 1 is connected to cathode electrolyte reservoir 2. This connection allows electrolyte to flow between adjacent battery stacks to balance electrolyte distribution and maintain stack performance.

[0115] In the diagram, the electrolyte transport process can be represented by arrows. The electrolyte flows from the anode electrolyte reservoir to the anode of the battery stack, and then, through chemical reactions within the stack, flows from the cathode back to the cathode electrolyte reservoir. Between two battery stacks, the electrolyte can also flow between the anode and cathode reservoirs via connecting pipes to achieve electrolyte circulation and balancing.

[0116] The entire system is connected to the load via a DC / DC converter to provide the required electrical energy. In this way, each battery stack module can independently manage the electrolyte and operate the battery stack, while the interconnection of the electrolyte enables collaborative operation between modules.

[0117] Understandably, this embodiment provides more comprehensive management and control capabilities for the multi-flow battery stack system. The battery stack module 401 is responsible for outputting electrical energy to the load, and the control module 402 monitors the battery stack module in real time through the monitoring module 403, executing control strategies based on the monitoring data. This design enables the system to dynamically adjust the battery stack's operating state according to its health status and load requirements, ensuring the system operates at optimal efficiency.

[0118] The introduction of the electrolyte storage unit, through the connection of the first and second storage tanks to the battery stack electrodes, forms a stable electrolyte circulation loop, ensuring the continuous chemical reaction within the battery stack. The connection of storage tanks between adjacent battery stacks enables electrolyte balancing and redistribution, improving the system's flexibility and reliability.

[0119] Overall, this technical solution improves the power supply efficiency and stability of multi-flow battery stack systems by integrating control, monitoring, and electrolyte management, extends the lifespan of the battery stack, reduces maintenance costs, and enhances the system's adaptability and scalability, providing an efficient and reliable solution for large-scale energy storage applications.

[0120] It is understood that the content of the above method embodiments is applicable to this system embodiment. The specific functions implemented in this system embodiment are the same as those in the above method embodiments, and the beneficial effects achieved are also the same as those achieved in the above method embodiments.

[0121] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of this application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, apparatus, product, or device that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or devices. It should be understood that in this application, “at least one” means one or more, and “more than one” means two or more.

[0122] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus, devices, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another device, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices, or units, and may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0123] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0124] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0125] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0126] Although the description of this application has been quite detailed and particularly focused on several of the described embodiments, it is not intended to limit itself to any of these details or embodiments or any particular embodiment. Rather, it should be considered as effectively covering the intended scope of this application by referring to the appended claims and taking into account the prior art, which provides for a broad possible interpretation of these claims. Furthermore, the foregoing description of this application with respect to embodiments foreseeable by the inventors is intended to provide a useful description, and non-substantial modifications to this application that have not yet been foreseen may still represent equivalent modifications.

Claims

1. A control method for a multi-flow battery stack system, characterized in that, The method for controlling multiple battery stacks includes: The health status information of each battery stack is obtained by detecting each of the battery stacks; Based on each of the health status information, the priority of each battery stack is determined; Based on the number of battery stacks required for the load power consumption and the priority of each battery stack, multiple target battery stacks are selected, and the power is output using the multiple target battery stacks. When the target battery stack outputs electrical energy, the target battery stack is adjusted so that it maintains its optimal efficiency range while meeting the output power requirements. Among the multiple battery stacks, the battery stacks other than the target battery stack are backup battery stacks; The method further includes: The operating status of each target battery stack is detected. When the operating status of the first target battery stack is detected to be abnormal, a power adjustment operation is performed on the first target battery stack. The power adjustment operation is to reduce the output power of the first target battery stack or control the first target battery stack to stop working. After performing the power adjustment operation, the required power value of the multi-flow battery stack system is determined; If the backup battery stack exists, at least one of the backup battery stacks is activated to replace the first target battery stack for power supply according to the required power value; If the backup battery stack does not exist, then based on the required power value, a second target battery stack is selected from the plurality of target battery stacks and the output power is increased; The multi-flow battery stack system also includes multiple electrolyte storage components, each of which is paired with one of the battery stacks. The method further includes: When the state of charge value of the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target battery stack is detected to be lower than the first preset threshold, the target backup battery stack is selected from the multiple backup battery stacks based on the charge state of the electrolyte, and the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target backup battery stack is used as the electrolyte supply source. The electrolyte from the electrolyte supply source is replaced with the electrolyte from the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target battery stack in equal amounts until the state of charge value of the electrolyte supply source is lower than a second preset threshold.

2. The control method for a multi-flow battery stack system according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the state of charge (SOC) value of the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target battery stack is detected to be lower than a first preset threshold, based on the SOC charge state, a target backup battery stack is selected from a plurality of backup battery stacks, and the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target backup battery stack is used as an electrolyte supply source, including: When the state of charge value of the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target battery stack is detected to be lower than a first preset threshold, each of the backup battery stacks is sorted according to the charge state of the electrolyte. Each backup battery stack is sequentially screened according to its serial number until the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the target backup battery stack is selected as the electrolyte supply source, wherein the state of charge value of the target backup battery stack is higher than a third preset threshold.

3. The control method for a multi-flow battery stack system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of detecting each of the battery stacks to obtain the health status information of each battery stack includes: Multiple data sets are obtained by testing each of the battery stacks, and each data set includes the evaluation index value of each battery stack. Based on the preset weight value corresponding to each data group, the total evaluation index value of each battery stack is determined, wherein the total evaluation index value is equal to the sum of the evaluation index values ​​of different data groups of the same battery stack; When the total evaluation index value of the battery stack is lower than the preset warning value, the battery stack is determined to be in a fault state, and the battery stack is controlled to stop working.

4. The control method for a multi-flow battery stack system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The plurality of data groups includes at least a voltage data group, and the method for obtaining the voltage evaluation index value of each battery stack in the voltage data group includes: The actual voltage value is obtained by detecting the battery stack. The actual voltage value is compared with the standard voltage value in the factory configuration data of the battery stack to determine the voltage evaluation index value of the battery stack.

5. The control method for a multi-flow battery stack system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-flow battery stack system also includes multiple electrolyte storage components, each of which is paired with one of the battery stacks. The plurality of data groups includes at least an electrolyte state data group, and the method for obtaining the electrolyte state evaluation index value of each battery stack in the electrolyte state data group includes: The state of charge, temperature, and concentration uniformity values ​​of the electrolyte storage component corresponding to the battery stack are obtained by detection. The state of charge value, the temperature value, and the concentration uniformity value are weighted and calculated according to preset sub-weighting coefficients to obtain the electrolyte state evaluation index value of the battery stack.

6. The control method for a multi-flow battery stack system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The plurality of data groups includes at least an impedance data group, and the method for obtaining the impedance evaluation index value of each battery stack in the impedance data group includes: The actual impedance value was obtained by testing the battery stack. The actual impedance value is compared with the standard impedance value in the factory configuration data of the battery stack to determine the impedance evaluation index value of the battery stack.

7. A multi-flow battery stack system, characterized in that, The system includes a battery stack module, a control module, and a monitoring module; The battery stack module includes multiple battery stacks, each of which is used to output electrical energy to the load; The control module is used to detect the battery stack module through the monitoring module and execute the control method of the multi-flow battery stack system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A multi-flow battery stack system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The battery stack module also includes multiple electrolyte storage units; Each of the electrolyte storage units forms a battery stack group with one of the battery stacks, and each electrolyte storage unit includes an electrolyte storage component; The electrolyte storage assembly includes a first storage tank and a second storage tank; In each of the battery stacks, one end of the first liquid storage tank is connected to one end of the first electrode of the battery stack, and the other end of the first liquid storage tank is connected to the other end of the first electrode of the battery stack to form a first circuit; and one end of the second liquid storage tank is connected to one end of the second electrode of the battery stack, and the other end of the second liquid storage tank is connected to the other end of the second electrode of the battery stack to form a second circuit. In every two battery stacks, the first liquid storage tank of the first battery stack is connected to the first liquid storage tank of the second battery stack, and the second liquid storage tank of the first battery stack is connected to the second liquid storage tank of the second battery stack.

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