A wheel hub turning lathe

Abstract

The application discloses a hub turning lathe, which comprises a rack, a clamping mechanism and a delivery mechanism, and further comprises an integrated protection and chip removal drilling mechanism, wherein the integrated protection and chip removal drilling mechanism comprises a drilling unit, a protective cover, a negative pressure chip removal system and a cooling system; the negative pressure chip removal system and the cooling system work cooperatively to make the coolant and the chips mixed in a machining chamber and then discharged through the negative pressure chip removal system. When the hub turning lathe is used to drill the hub structure with a middle part inwardly recessed at the connecting position of the spoke and the mounting disc, the protective cover surrounds the drill bit, limits the splashing of the chips and the coolant, and improves the operation safety; the cooling system sprays the coolant, which is mixed with the chips generated by drilling in the machining chamber; the negative pressure chip removal system then discharges the mixture through negative pressure, effectively avoids the machining defects caused by the accumulation of the chips at the recessed position of the spoke, and improves the machining efficiency and quality.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of hub turning lathe, more particularly, to a hub turning lathe. BACKGROUND

[0002] The hub is one of the most important safety parts on the automobile, which mainly includes the rim, the spoke and the mounting disc. In order to avoid the stress concentration points and potential weak points caused by welding, bolt connection and other processes, the rim, the spoke and the mounting disc are usually integrally formed. In the processing of the hub, the bolt hole is often turned on the mounting disc. The traditional hub turning lathe usually fixes the hub blank on the rotary worktable of the lathe through a special fixture, then controls the longitudinal feed of the lathe, and drills the mounting disc.

[0003] However, for the hub structure with the spoke and the mounting disc connected at the middle part of the hub, when the drill bit drills through the mounting disc, the long strip-shaped chips generated are driven outward by the spiral groove of the drill bit, and under the action of centrifugal force, the chips will hit the concave spoke side wall horizontally, causing scratches. In addition, the broken chips and cutting fluid splash and accumulate in the concave spoke due to the limitation of the concave area, which is not easy to discharge. Therefore, it is necessary to improve it. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a hub turning lathe to solve the problems raised in the background.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme:

[0006] A hub turning lathe, comprising a rack, a clamping mechanism and a delivery mechanism, further comprising an integrated protection and chip removal drilling mechanism, the integrated protection and chip removal drilling mechanism comprising:

[0007] a drilling unit driven by the delivery mechanism to approach or move away from the hub fixed by the clamping mechanism, and comprising a second power member and a drill bit;

[0008] a protective cover integrated on the drilling unit, having a processing chamber inside the protective cover for limiting the drill bit, and having a drill sleeve coaxial with the drill bit at the end away from the hub;

[0009] a negative pressure chip removal system integrated inside the protective cover, comprising a suction groove opened in the inner bottom wall of the protective cover, a discharge channel communicated with the suction groove and a vacuum quick connector;

[0010] a cooling system integrated inside the protective cover, comprising a cooling liquid channel arranged in the protective cover, a cooling liquid quick connector communicated with the cooling liquid channel and a cooling liquid nozzle for spraying cooling liquid to the drill bit;

[0011] The negative pressure chip removal system and the cooling system work together to mix the coolant and chips in the machining chamber and then discharge them together through the negative pressure chip removal system.

[0012] Preferably, the protective cover is connected to the second power component driving the drill bit via an elastic element, and the inner diameter of the drill sleeve is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the drill bit.

[0013] Preferably, the drill bushing includes a guide section and a variable diameter section. The inner diameter of the guide section is the same as the outer diameter of the drill bit, and the inner diameter of the variable diameter section is larger than the inner diameter of the guide section. The inner diameter of the variable diameter section gradually increases from the guide section towards the hub direction, and a chip accumulation cavity is formed between the variable diameter section and the drill bit.

[0014] Preferably, the inner wall of the variable diameter section is provided with a reverse spiral groove, and the outer wall of the drill bit is provided with a chip removal groove, wherein the spiral direction of the reverse spiral groove is opposite to that of the chip removal groove.

[0015] Preferably, the free end of the variable diameter section has a sharp point for guiding and cutting long chips.

[0016] Preferably, a flexible sealing ring is fixedly connected to the open end of the protective cover.

[0017] Preferably, the clamping mechanism includes a base fixedly connected to the surface of the frame, a plurality of clamping rods rotatably connected to the surface of the base, clamping wheels fixedly connected to the clamping rods, and an adjusting component installed inside the base. The adjusting component is used to synchronously drive the plurality of clamping rods to rotate so that the wheel hub is positioned and clamped between the plurality of clamping wheels.

[0018] Preferably, the adjusting component includes a first motor fixed to the surface of the frame, a main gear fixedly connected to the output end of the first motor, an internal gear ring and a plurality of driven wheels rotatably connected to the bottom of the base, the driven wheels being fixedly connected to corresponding clamping rods, and the main gear and driven wheels meshing with the internal gear ring.

[0019] Preferably, the drilling unit further includes a divider module and a drill chuck. The divider module is fixedly mounted on the delivery mechanism. The second power component is fixedly connected to the divider module. The drill chuck is fixedly connected to the output end of the second power component. The drill bit is detachably connected to the drill chuck.

[0020] Preferably, the coolant in the cooling system is a nanofluid containing phase change microcapsules, and the spray direction of the coolant nozzle is such that the coolant flows through the cutting edge of the drill bit.

[0021] By adopting the aforementioned technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. When drilling into a hub structure with a central inward concavity at the connection between the spokes and the mounting plate, the protective cover surrounds the drill bit, limiting the splashing of chips and coolant, thus improving operational safety. It also prevents long, thin chips from scratching the concave spoke sidewalls. Furthermore, the cooling system sprays coolant, which mixes with the chips generated during drilling within the machining chamber. The negative pressure chip removal system then uses negative pressure to expel the mixture, effectively preventing machining defects caused by chip accumulation in the spoke concavity and improving machining efficiency and quality.

[0023] 2. During the drilling feed process, the drill bit rotates at high speed, and its chip-removing grooves push the chips upwards. The stationary reverse spiral grooves, with their edges forming reverse interference with the moving chips, first process most of the chips. The reverse spiral grooves perform powerful crushing inside, while the sharp tip performs finishing and weakening at the end. The two work together, one inside and one outside, to deliver the first round of combined impact on the chips. During the retraction process, the chip accumulation cavity and complex flow channels formed between the reverse spiral grooves and the drill bit can restrict and interfere with the movement of the chips. This restriction can prevent the chips from swinging wildly and disorderly, thereby indirectly helping to guide or position the chips to the most effective shearing area of ​​the sharp tip, ensuring the reliability of the shearing action, and enabling the sharp tip to perform the final static shearing.

[0024] 3. When coolant is sprayed from the coolant nozzle onto the high-temperature drill bit cutting edge, the nanoparticles suspended in the fluid have extremely high specific surface area and thermal conductivity, which quickly remove the heat from the drill bit surface, reducing the base temperature and achieving basic cooling of the cutting zone. When the local temperature of the drill bit cutting edge rises to the phase change temperature of the phase change material inside the microcapsules, a large number of microcapsules undergo phase change simultaneously, absorbing a huge amount of heat, effectively suppressing the rapid rise in temperature in that area and preventing drill bit annealing. At the same time, since the phase change heat absorption occurs at a specific temperature, it can stabilize the temperature of the most critical cutting edge area of ​​the drill bit within a relatively safe range, avoiding drastic temperature fluctuations. Attached Figure Description

[0025] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with their description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a wheel hub turning lathe structure in one embodiment;

[0027] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the diagram;

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism structure in one embodiment;

[0029] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the adjusting component structure in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the delivery mechanism structure in one embodiment;

[0031] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a drilling unit structure in one embodiment;

[0032] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the integrated protection and chip removal drilling mechanism in one embodiment;

[0033] Figure 8 This is a partial structural diagram of the integrated protection and chip removal drilling mechanism in one embodiment;

[0034] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the protective cover in one embodiment;

[0035] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the drill sleeve structure in one embodiment;

[0036] Figure 11 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the protective cover in one embodiment.

[0037] Figure label:

[0038] 100. Frame; 110. Flow channel; 120. Collection box; 200. Clamping mechanism; 210. Base; 220. Clamping rod; 230. Clamping wheel; 240. Adjusting component; 241. First motor; 242. Main gear; 243. Internal gear ring; 244. Driven wheel; 300. Delivery mechanism; 310. First power component; 311. Second motor; 312. Ball screw; 313. Nut seat; 314. Guide rod; 320. Slide table; 400. Integrated protection and chip removal drilling mechanism; 410. Drilling unit; 411. Second power component; 412. Drill bit; 413. 414. Chip removal groove; 415. Divider module; 416. Drill chuck; 417. Third motor; 420. Reducer; 421. Protective cover; 422. Machining chamber; 423. Drill sleeve; 424. Elastic element; 425. Guide section; 426. Variable diameter section; 427. Chip accumulation chamber; 428. Reverse spiral groove; 429. Sharp part; 430. Flexible sealing ring; 431. Negative pressure chip removal system; 432. Suction groove; 433. Discharge channel; 440. Vacuum quick connector; 441. Cooling system; 442. Coolant quick connector; 443. Coolant nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0039] Various exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values ​​of the components and steps set forth in these embodiments do not limit the scope of the invention.

[0040] The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the invention or its application or use.

[0041] Techniques, methods, and equipment known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and equipment should be considered part of the specification.

[0042] In all the examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values ​​should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values.

[0043] like Figures 1-11 As shown, a wheel hub turning lathe includes a frame 100, a clamping mechanism 200 and a delivery mechanism 300. The wheel hub turning lathe also includes an integrated protection and chip removal drilling mechanism 400.

[0044] For details, please refer to Figure 2 The integrated protection and chip removal drilling mechanism 400 includes a drilling unit 410, a protective cover 420, a negative pressure chip removal system 430, and a cooling system 440.

[0045] Please refer to Figure 3 The clamping mechanism 200 includes a base 210 fixedly connected to the surface of the frame 100. Multiple clamping rods 220 are rotatably connected to the surface of the base 210. Clamping wheels 230 are fixedly connected to the clamping rods 220. An adjusting member 240 is installed inside the base 210. The adjusting member 240 is used to synchronously drive the multiple clamping rods 220 to rotate so that the wheel hub is positioned and clamped between the multiple clamping wheels 230.

[0046] It should be noted that there are at least three clamping wheels 230, and each clamping wheel 230 corresponds to a clamping rod 220.

[0047] The adjusting component 240 synchronously drives all the clamping rods 220 to rotate, causing the clamping wheels 230 to move centripetally at the same time, positioning and clamping the hub between multiple clamping wheels 230, ensuring uniform distribution of clamping force, avoiding hub skew, and improving processing stability.

[0048] For details, please refer to Figure 4The adjusting component 240 includes a first motor 241 fixed on the surface of the frame 100. The output end of the first motor 241 is fixedly connected to a main gear 242. The bottom of the base 210 is rotatably connected to an internal gear ring 243 and a plurality of driven wheels 244. The driven wheels 244 are fixedly connected to the corresponding clamping rods 220. The main gear 242 and the driven wheels 244 are both meshed with the internal gear ring 243.

[0049] The first motor 241 drives the main gear 242 to rotate, which in turn drives the internal gear ring 243 to rotate. The internal gear ring 243 simultaneously drives all driven wheels 244 to rotate synchronously, thereby making the clamping rod 220 and the clamping wheel 230 move synchronously. This gear transmission system ensures consistent clamping force and improves clamping accuracy and reliability.

[0050] It should be noted that, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 5 Both the base 210 and the frame 100 are provided with flow channels 110. The frame 100 is provided with a collection box 120, which is located directly below the flow channel 110. This allows residual coolant and debris mixture to flow from the flow channel 110 into the collection box 120 during the drilling process, further preventing the coolant and debris mixture from accumulating in the spoke recess.

[0051] For details, please refer to Figure 5 The delivery mechanism 300 includes a first power member 310 and a slide 320. The first power member 310 is fixedly mounted on the frame 100 and is used to drive the slide 320 to move on the hub axis.

[0052] The first power component 310 includes a second motor 311 fixedly mounted on the frame 100. A ball screw 312 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second motor 311. A nut seat 313 is threadedly connected to the ball screw 312. A slide table 320 is fixedly connected to the nut seat 313. Guide rods 314 are symmetrically fixedly connected to the frame 100. The guide rods 314 pass through the slide table 320, and the slide table 320 is slidably connected to the guide rods 314.

[0053] The working process of this delivery agency 300 is as follows:

[0054] 1. Feeding process (driving drilling unit 410 close to the hub)

[0055] Power start: When drilling is required, the second motor 311, which is fixedly mounted on the frame 100, starts and drives the ball screw 312, which is fixedly connected to its output end, to rotate.

[0056] Linear motion conversion: The nut seat 313, which is threadedly connected to the ball screw 312, converts the rotational motion of the ball screw 312 into precise linear motion, and the nut seat 313 moves along the axial direction of the ball screw 312.

[0057] Slide 320 drive: The slide 320 is fixedly connected to the nut seat 313, so the linear motion of the nut seat 313 directly drives the slide 320 to move together.

[0058] Guiding and Stabilization: During the movement of the slide table 320, guide rods 314, symmetrically fixed to the frame 100, pass through the slide table 320 and form a sliding connection with it. The functions of the guide rods 314 are: precise guidance: ensuring that the slide table 320 and all its components move strictly along the hub axis without deflection or wobbling; and torque bearing: resisting the radial and tangential torques generated by the drilling unit 410 to ensure smooth operation.

[0059] Drilling execution: Finally, the linear feed motion of the slide 320 is precisely transmitted to the entire integrated protection and chip removal drilling mechanism 400 it carries, so that the drill bit 412 therein can smoothly and accurately approach and be pressed into the hub workpiece to complete the drilling.

[0060] 2. Retraction process (driving drilling unit 410 away from the hub)

[0061] Power reversal: After the drilling process is completed, the second motor 311 rotates in the reverse direction.

[0062] Reverse motion: The second motor 311 drives the ball screw 312 to rotate in the opposite direction, thereby driving the nut seat 313 and the slide 320 fixed thereon to retract in a straight line along a path opposite to the feed direction.

[0063] Reset: Guided by the guide rod 314, the slide 320 smoothly retracts to the initial position, so that the drill bit 412 is completely disengaged from the hub workpiece, preparing for the next processing or workpiece replacement.

[0064] For details, please refer to Figure 6 The drilling unit 410 is driven by the delivery mechanism 300 to approach or move away from the hub fixed by the clamping mechanism 200, and the drilling unit 410 includes a second power member 411 and a drill bit 412.

[0065] In addition, the drilling unit 410 also includes a divider module 414 and a drill chuck 415. The divider module 414 is fixedly mounted on the delivery mechanism 300. The second power member 411 is fixedly connected to the divider module 414. The drill chuck 415 is fixedly connected to the output end of the second power member 411. The drill bit 412 is detachably connected to the drill chuck 415.

[0066] The main core structure of the divider module 414 includes a housing, a drive motor fixedly mounted on the housing, a drive shaft fixed to the output end of the drive motor, a cam mounted on the drive shaft with a special profile, an output shaft rotatably connected to the housing, an indexing plate with multiple roller bearings mounted on the output shaft, and a turntable fixed to the output end of the output shaft.

[0067] It should be noted that the housing and drive motor are fixed to the surface of the slide table 320, the turntable is rotatably connected to the bottom of the slide table 320, and the second power component 411 is fixed to the bottom of the turntable.

[0068] The indexing module 414 operates based on the interaction between a cam and a roller, forming a cycle of rotation, indexing, and locking.

[0069] Indexing period (rotation): When the drive motor drives the drive shaft and cam to rotate, the curved surface of the cam engages with and pushes a roller on the indexing plate. This process causes the output shaft to rotate smoothly by a preset, precise angle; for example, rotating 72 degrees to machine 5 holes.

[0070] Stationary Period (Locking and Machining): Once the output shaft reaches the target position, the cam's curved surface simultaneously engages multiple rollers, firmly locking the indexing plate and output shaft, providing immense rigidity. At this time, drill bit 412 performs drilling operations, and the locking force of the indexer ensures zero movement during machining.

[0071] Repeated cycle: After one hole is machined, drill bit 412 retracts, the divider indexes again, aligns the next hole position of the hub with drill bit 412, and then locks it again for machining.

[0072] It should be noted that the second power component 411 includes a third motor 416 and a reducer 417. The third motor 416 is fixed to the input end of the reducer 417, and the reducer 417 is fixed to the bottom of the turntable of the divider module 414.

[0073] Please refer to Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 The protective cover 420 is integrated on the drilling unit 410. The protective cover 420 is horn-shaped. The interior of the protective cover 420 has a processing chamber 421 that defines the drill bit 412, and the end of the protective cover 420 away from the hub has a drill sleeve 422 that is coaxial with the drill bit 412.

[0074] When drilling into a hub structure with a central inward concavity at the connection between the spokes and the mounting plate, the protective cover 420 first contacts the mounting plate, serving a positioning function. Furthermore, throughout the drilling process, the protective cover 420 surrounds the drill bit 412, limiting the splashing of debris and coolant, improving operational safety. It also prevents long, thin chips from scratching the concave spoke sidewalls. The drill bushing 422 is coaxial with the drill bit 412, serving a guiding function to ensure drilling accuracy.

[0075] The protective cover 420 is connected to the reducer 417 housing on the second power component 411 via an elastic element 423, allowing the protective cover 420 to float relative to the drill bit 412. When the protective cover 420 contacts the hub surface, the elastic element 423 provides cushioning to prevent hard contact from damaging the workpiece or the protective cover 420. It adapts to uneven surfaces and improves the adaptability of the mechanism.

[0076] The inner diameter of the drill bushing 422 is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the drill bit 412, ensuring that the drill bit 412 can move freely during drilling. At the same time, the drill bushing 422 guides the drill bit 412, ensuring the straightness and accuracy of the drilling. The elastic element 423 allows the protective cover 420 to self-adjust. The size design of the drill bushing 422 avoids interference with the drill bit 412, thus improving the stability and quality of drilling.

[0077] For details, please refer to Figure 10 The drill bushing 422 includes a guide section 424 and a variable diameter section 425. The inner diameter of the guide section 424 is the same as the outer diameter of the drill bit 412, providing tight guidance to ensure that the drill bit 412 remains vertical in the early stage of drilling and improves drilling accuracy.

[0078] The inner diameter of the variable diameter section 425 is larger than the inner diameter of the guide section 424. The inner diameter of the variable diameter section 425 gradually increases from the guide section 424 toward the hub. A chip accumulation cavity 426 is formed between the variable diameter section 425 and the drill bit 412. The chip accumulation cavity 426 can accommodate a small amount of broken chips, preventing them from being immediately sucked into the negative pressure chip removal system 430 and causing blockage. It plays a role in buffering and initial chip collection.

[0079] The inner wall of the variable diameter section 425 is provided with a reverse spiral groove 427, and the outer wall of the drill bit 412 is provided with a chip removal groove 413. The spiral direction of the reverse spiral groove 427 is opposite to that of the chip removal groove 413.

[0080] The long, ribbon-like chips produced during drilling enter the chip removal groove 413 of the drill bit 412. Due to the rotation of the drill bit 412, the chips are captured by the chip removal groove 413 and forced to move in its helical direction, i.e., the chips are pushed upwards. When the chips are pushed upwards, they immediately enter the space of the diameter-reducing section 425 and come into contact with the reverse helical groove 427 on the inner wall. Since the helical direction of the reverse helical groove 427 is opposite to that of the chip removal groove 413, its groove orientation forms a reverse slope or obstacle for the upward-moving chips.

[0081] The chip removal groove 413 on the drill bit 412 attempts to push the chips upward at a high speed, while the ridge of the stationary reverse spiral groove 427 generates a reverse resistance or downward guiding effect on the chips. This creates two opposing forces on the chips: an upward pushing force and a downward resistance or frictional force. These opposing forces generate shear stress and torsional effects on the chips. When the tensile strength of the chip material is insufficient to withstand this shearing and torsional effect, it will be pulled or sheared, thus breaking the continuous long chips into shorter segments. This fundamentally eliminates the possibility of chips getting tangled on the drill bit 412 or the workpiece. In addition, the short chips are more easily carried away by the suction generated by the negative pressure chip removal system 430, mixed with the coolant, and smoothly discharged through the discharge channel 432, ensuring the continuity and stability of the processing.

[0082] The free end of the variable diameter section 425 has a sharp point 428 for guiding and cutting long chips, the sharp point 428 being made of cemented carbide material.

[0083] The cutting action of the chip removal groove 413 and the sharp point 428 does not occur simultaneously, but rather at different stages of the drilling process, achieved through the relative movement between the drill bit 412 and the workpiece, and between the drill bit 412 and the protective cover 420. Its principle can be broken down into the following two main stages:

[0084] Phase 1: During the drilling process (the curling and guiding function of the chip removal groove 413)

[0085] At this stage, the chip removal groove 413 is the main component, while the pointed part 428 plays a supporting role, mainly serving as a guide and preparation.

[0086] The basic function of the chip removal groove 413: When the drill bit 412 rotates and feeds, its cutting edge cuts the metal, producing ribbon-like chips. The main function of the chip removal groove 413 is to serve as a channel for chip discharge. Due to its helical structure, it generates an upward conveying force on the chips, guiding them out from the bottom of the hole.

[0087] Curling effect and stress concentration: The helix angle and groove shape of the chip discharge groove 413 cause the chips to curl naturally during the discharge process. The chips are not straight ribbons, but are curled into a spiral or C-shape. This curling process itself generates bending stress inside the chips. When continuous long chips curl repeatedly, stress concentration occurs at certain weak points, creating conditions for subsequent fracture.

[0088] Initial Intervention of the Sharp Point 428: During drilling, the generated chips will be discharged upward from the gap between the drill bit 412 and the workpiece surface, and are likely to come into contact with the sharp point 428. At this time, due to the continuous feed of the drill bit 412, the chips are subjected to an upward thrust. The cutting edge of the sharp point 428 will have a scraping and obstructing effect on the moving chips. This continuous interference will further aggravate the deformation and stress concentration of the chips, which may cut off excessively long chips, or at least scratch and weaken their surface.

[0089] At this stage, the chip groove 413 prepares the chip breaking point by guiding the chip movement and curling it, while the sharp point 428 attempts to break the chip by interfering with it.

[0090] Phase Two: During the retraction process (active shearing action of the sharp tip 428)

[0091] When drilling of a hole is completed, the drill bit 412 stops rotating and begins to retract, the roles of the pointed end 428 and the chip removal groove 413 are reversed, and they work together to complete the shearing action.

[0092] If drilling is completed, but the last round of cut chips may still have their ends attached to the workpiece, or long chips may still be wrapped around the drill bit 412, then the delivery mechanism 300 drives the entire drilling unit 410 to retract, and the drill bit 412 withdraws from the hole.

[0093] Relative motion produces shear:

[0094] Drill bit 412 and chip flue 413: Although the drill bit 412 stops rotating, the geometry of the chip flue 413 still exists. The chips that were previously left in the chip flue 413 or wrapped around the drill bit 412 move away from the workpiece along with the drill bit 412.

[0095] Point 428: The protective cover 420 is pressed against the workpiece surface by the elastic element 423, so it remains stationary at the initial moment of retraction. Therefore, the point 428 is stationary relative to the retracting drill bit 412 and chips.

[0096] The shearing action occurs as the drill bit 412 retracts, carrying the chips upwards. The stationary, extremely sharp tip 428 is positioned precisely in the path of the moving chips, acting like a fixed scissor blade. When the chips are pulled upwards by the drill bit 412 through the tip 428, the cutting edge of the tip 428 hooks or blocks the chips.

[0097] A significant relative motion is generated between the upward-moving chip and the stationary tip 428. The cutting edge of tip 428 applies a huge shearing force to the chip, cleanly and efficiently cutting it off.

[0098] The synergistic effect between the sharp point 428, the reverse spiral groove 427, and the chip removal groove 413 is as follows:

[0099] Phase 1: Drilling Feed Process (Internal Crushing and Pretreatment)

[0100] At this stage, drill bit 412 rotates and penetrates deeper into the workpiece, producing continuous long chips.

[0101] The dominant function of the reverse spiral groove 427: internal shearing and crushing.

[0102] Location of action: Located on the inner wall of the variable diameter section 425 of the drill sleeve 422.

[0103] Mechanism of action: The drill bit 412 rotates at high speed, and its chip-removing grooves 413 push the chips upward. The stationary reverse spiral grooves 427 have edges that interfere with the moving chips in opposite directions. Because the spiral directions are opposite, this interference produces a strong torsional and shearing effect, which can break most of the long chips into shorter segments.

[0104] Synergistic effect: Reduces the burden on the tip of 428

[0105] The reverse spiral groove 427 first processes the vast majority of the chips. After being broken by it, the length and toughness of the chips are greatly reduced, significantly alleviating the processing pressure on the subsequent sharp tip 428.

[0106] The auxiliary function of the pointed part 428: end scraping and weakening

[0107] Location of function: Located at the free end of the reducing section 425 of the drill sleeve 422, it is the doorway for chip discharge.

[0108] Mechanism of action: Even after being broken by the reverse spiral groove 427, some of the tougher chips may still continue to move upward in a longer shape.

[0109] As these chips are expelled, they scrape against the cutting edge of the pointed part 428. The pointed part 428 acts like a fixed scraper, scraping and scratching the moving chips, creating stress concentration points on their surface, and further weakening their structure.

[0110] The reverse spiral groove 427 performs powerful crushing inside, while the sharp part 428 performs finishing and weakening at the end. The two work together, one inside and one outside, to deliver the first round of combined attack on the chips.

[0111] Phase Two: Retraction Process (Final Cleanup and Protection)

[0112] When drilling is complete, drill bit 412 stops rotating and begins to retract.

[0113] The dominant function of the tip 428: static shearing.

[0114] Mechanism of Action: As the drill bit 412 retracts, any chips still wrapped around or hanging on it are carried backward. At this moment, the protective cover 420 remains pressed against the workpiece surface by the pressure of the elastic element 423, causing the pointed tip 428 to momentarily remain stationary. Thus, a shearing action occurs between the upward-moving chip and the sharp edge of the stationary pointed tip 428. The pointed tip 428, like a fixed blade, cleanly and decisively cuts the chip completely.

[0115] The auxiliary function of the reverse spiral groove 427 is to limit and position.

[0116] Mechanism of action: During the retraction process, the chip accumulation cavity 426 and complex flow channel formed between the structure of the reverse spiral groove 427 and the drill bit 412 can restrict and interfere with the movement of the chips. This restriction can prevent the chips from swinging wildly and disorderly, thereby indirectly helping to guide or position the chips within the most effective shearing area of ​​the sharp point 428, ensuring the reliability of the shearing action.

[0117] During retraction, the pointed tip 428 performs the final static shearing; while the reverse spiral groove 427 and its surrounding structure provide auxiliary positioning to ensure successful shearing.

[0118] Please refer to Figure 11 A flexible sealing ring 429 is fixedly connected to the open end of the protective cover 420. When the protective cover 420 contacts the hub, the flexible sealing ring 429 deforms and fits against the workpiece surface to form a seal. The flexible sealing ring 429 enhances the airtightness of the machining chamber 421, preventing coolant and debris from leaking from the gap between the protective cover 420 and the workpiece, ensuring that the negative pressure chip removal system 430 can efficiently remove the mixture, reducing environmental pollution and coolant waste.

[0119] Please refer to Figure 9 and Figure 11 The negative pressure chip removal system 430 is integrated inside the protective cover 420, and the negative pressure chip removal system 430 includes a suction groove 431 opened in the bottom wall of the protective cover 420, a discharge channel 432 communicating with the suction groove 431, and a vacuum quick connector 433.

[0120] The cooling system 440 is integrated inside the protective cover 420, and the cooling system 440 includes a coolant channel 441 disposed inside the protective cover 420, a coolant quick connector 442 communicating with the coolant channel 441, and a coolant nozzle 443. The coolant nozzle 443 is used to spray coolant onto the drill bit 412.

[0121] Specifically, the coolant in the cooling system 440 is a nanofluid containing phase change microcapsules, and the spray direction of the coolant nozzle 443 is such that the coolant flows through the cutting edge of the drill bit 412.

[0122] The negative pressure chip removal system 430 and the cooling system 440 work together to mix the coolant and chips in the machining chamber 421 and then discharge them together through the negative pressure chip removal system 430.

[0123] It should be further explained that nanofluids containing phase change microcapsules are suspensions formed by uniformly dispersing nanoscale (1-100 nm) solid particles in a base coolant (such as water, ethylene glycol, or oil). Commonly used nanomaterials include metal nanoparticles (such as copper and silver), metal oxide nanoparticles (such as alumina, copper oxide, and silicon dioxide), or carbon nanotubes, etc., whose main function is to significantly improve the thermal conductivity of the base liquid. Phase change microcapsules are miniature spherical containers encapsulating phase change materials (such as paraffin wax and hydrated salts), with the outer shell usually made of polymers (such as melamine resin), providing good sealing and strength, and their size is on the micrometer scale. Phase change materials can undergo a phase change at a specific temperature (such as melting from a solid to a liquid state). During this process, they absorb a large amount of heat while their own temperature remains almost constant.

[0124] The working principle of the nanofluid containing phase change microcapsules in the cooling system 440 is as follows:

[0125] 1. High-efficiency heat conduction stage (the first cooling effect of nanofluids)

[0126] When coolant is sprayed from coolant nozzle 443 onto the hot cutting edge of drill bit 412, the nanofluid, as a continuous medium, comes into play first.

[0127] Because the nanoparticles suspended in the fluid have extremely high specific surface area and thermal conductivity, the thermal transfer rate of the fluid from the drill bit 412 to the liquid body is greatly enhanced.

[0128] Effect: Quickly removes heat from the surface of drill bit 412, reducing the base temperature and achieving basic cooling of the cutting zone.

[0129] 2. Intelligent heat absorption and temperature control stage (the second cooling effect of phase change microcapsules)

[0130] When the local temperature of the cutting edge of drill bit 412 rises to the phase transition temperature of the phase change material inside the microcapsule (for example, the set phase transition temperature is 60°C), the phase change microcapsule begins to exert its unique function.

[0131] Phase change endothermic: The phase change material inside the microcapsule changes from a solid to a liquid state, a process that absorbs a huge amount of latent heat of phase change. Unlike ordinary temperature rise, latent heat absorption occurs under almost isothermal conditions.

[0132] Preventing localized overheating: In the cutting edge area where heat is most concentrated, a large number of microcapsules undergo phase transitions simultaneously, absorbing a huge amount of heat and effectively suppressing the rapid temperature rise in this area, thus avoiding the 412 annealing of the drill bit.

[0133] Maintaining cooling stability: Since the phase change heat absorption occurs at a specific temperature, the temperature of the most critical cutting edge area of ​​drill bit 412 can be stabilized within a relatively safe range, avoiding drastic temperature fluctuations.

[0134] 3. Synergistic effect and enhanced boiling heat transfer

[0135] The presence of nanoparticles not only improves the basic thermal conductivity, but also changes the boiling characteristics of fluids at high-temperature surfaces, potentially enhancing the efficiency of boiling heat transfer.

[0136] After absorbing heat, the phase change microcapsules also enhance the heat exchange between their shells and the surrounding nanofluids.

[0137] Phase change microcapsules absorb heat during phase change at high temperatures, and nanofluids enhance thermal conductivity, providing excellent cooling performance, reducing the temperature of drill bit 412, and reducing tool wear.

[0138] While specific embodiments of the invention have been described in detail by way of examples, those skilled in the art should understand that the examples are for illustrative purposes only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can be made to the above embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A wheel hub turning lathe, comprising a frame (100), a clamping mechanism (200), and a delivery mechanism (300), characterized in that, It also includes an integrated protective and chip removal drilling mechanism (400), which comprises: The drilling unit (410) is driven by the delivery mechanism (300) to approach or move away from the hub fixed by the clamping mechanism (200), and includes a second power member (411) and a drill bit (412). A protective cover (420) is integrated into the drilling unit (410) and has a machining chamber (421) that defines the drill bit (412) inside. At its end away from the hub, it has a drill sleeve (422) coaxial with the drill bit (412). The drill sleeve (422) includes a guide section (424) and a variable diameter section (425). The inner diameter of the guide section (424) is the same as the outer diameter of the drill bit (412), and the inner diameter of the variable diameter section (425) is larger than that of the guide section (424). The inner diameter of the section (424) is gradually increased from the guide section (424) towards the hub direction. A chip accumulation cavity (426) is formed between the section (425) and the drill bit (412). A reverse spiral groove (427) is provided on the inner wall of the section (425), and a chip removal groove (413) is provided on the outer wall of the drill bit (412). The direction of rotation of the reverse spiral groove (427) is opposite to that of the chip removal groove (413). The negative pressure chip removal system (430) is integrated inside the protective cover (420) and includes a suction groove (431) opened on the bottom wall of the protective cover (420), a discharge channel (432) communicating with the suction groove (431) and a vacuum quick connector (433). The cooling system (440) is integrated inside the protective cover (420) and includes a coolant channel (441) disposed inside the protective cover (420), a coolant quick connector (442) communicating with the coolant channel (441), and a coolant nozzle (443), the coolant nozzle (443) being used to spray coolant onto the drill bit (412); The negative pressure chip removal system (430) and the cooling system (440) work together to mix the coolant and the chips in the processing chamber (421) and then discharge them together through the negative pressure chip removal system (430).

2. The wheel hub turning lathe according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protective cover (420) is connected to the second power component (411) of the drive drill bit (412) via an elastic element (423), and the inner diameter of the drill sleeve (422) is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the drill bit (412).

3. The wheel hub turning lathe according to claim 2, characterized in that, The free end of the variable diameter section (425) has a sharp point (428) for guiding and cutting long chips.

4. A wheel hub turning lathe according to claim 3, characterized in that, The protective cover (420) has a flexible sealing ring (429) fixedly connected to its open end.

5. A wheel hub turning lathe according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The clamping mechanism (200) includes a base (210) fixedly connected to the surface of the frame (100). Multiple clamping rods (220) are rotatably connected to the surface of the base (210). Clamping wheels (230) are fixedly connected to the clamping rods (220). An adjusting member (240) is installed inside the base (210). The adjusting member (240) is used to synchronously drive the multiple clamping rods (220) to rotate so that the wheel hub is positioned and clamped between the multiple clamping wheels (230).

6. A wheel hub turning lathe according to claim 5, characterized in that, The adjusting component (240) includes a first motor (241) fixed on the surface of the frame (100). The output end of the first motor (241) is fixedly connected to a main gear (242). The bottom of the base (210) is rotatably connected to an internal gear ring (243) and a plurality of driven wheels (244). The driven wheels (244) are fixedly connected to the corresponding clamping rods (220). The main gear (242) and the driven wheels (244) are both meshed with the internal gear ring (243).

7. A wheel hub turning lathe according to claim 6, characterized in that, The drilling unit (410) further includes a divider module (414) and a drill chuck (415). The divider module (414) is fixedly mounted on the delivery mechanism (300). The second power unit (411) is fixedly connected to the divider module (414). The drill chuck (415) is fixedly connected to the output end of the second power unit (411). The drill bit (412) is detachably connected to the drill chuck (415).

8. A wheel hub turning lathe according to claim 7, characterized in that, The coolant in the cooling system (440) is a nanofluid containing phase change microcapsules, and the spray direction of the coolant nozzle (443) is such that the coolant flows through the cutting edge of the drill bit (412).

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