Electric spindle and drilling equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric spindle and drilling equipment. The electric spindle comprises a machine body; the shaft core is supported on the machine body through a bearing, and a concave cavity extending in the axial direction is formed in the front end of the shaft core; the main shaft motor assembly comprises a main shaft stator and a rotor, the main shaft stator is arranged on the machine body, and the rotor is arranged on the shaft core corresponding to the main shaft rotor; the cutter connecting seat is arranged in the concave cavity along the axial direction and can synchronously rotate along with the shaft core; and the Z-axis motor assembly comprises a Z-axis stator and a rotor, the Z-axis stator is arranged on the cavity wall of the concave cavity, the rotor is arranged on the tool connecting base corresponding to the Z-axis stator, and the Z-axis motor assembly is used for driving the tool connecting base to move in a reciprocating mode within a certain range in the axial direction. The Z-axis motor assembly is arranged in the concave cavity in the front end of the shaft core, the Z-axis motor assembly is used for directly driving the tool connecting base, and the order of magnitude of the PCB micropore machining efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric spindles, and in particular to an electric spindle and drilling equipment. Background Technology

[0002] As electronic products become thinner and lighter, and with higher density, the number of micro-holes (≤0.3mm in diameter) on PCBs has surged, making the efficiency of traditional mechanical drilling a bottleneck in the industry. Currently, mainstream PCB drilling machines adopt a separate solution of "spindle rotation + external Z-axis module drive". The Z-axis module includes a heavy backplate, spindle clamp, and cooling pipes, and the total weight of the moving parts often exceeds 10 catties (over 5 kg). The huge inertia limits the Z-axis acceleration, making it difficult to break through 1000 holes / minute in high-speed drilling.

[0003] To improve integration, existing technologies attempt to integrate Z-axis functionality into the spindle. For example, patent CN107457414A proposes a high-frequency, high-speed spindle device with integrated Z-axis, which drives the spindle through a linear motor and axial air bearing. However, displacement detection requires a transition cylinder and a grating ruler, resulting in high inertia of the moving parts and limiting rapid drilling acceleration. While existing technologies have made some optimizations in certain areas (such as thermal management and vibration suppression), they have not overcome the core contradiction of excessive mass of moving parts. As the microvia density requirements of 5G / AI chip carriers rise to hundreds of holes per square centimeter, traditional solutions can no longer balance efficiency and accuracy.

[0004] In summary, the problems existing in the relevant technologies urgently need to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide an electric spindle and drilling equipment.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: In a first aspect, an electric spindle includes: Organism; The shaft core is supported on the machine body by bearings, and the front end of the shaft core is provided with a cavity extending axially. A spindle motor assembly includes a spindle stator and a rotor, wherein the spindle stator is disposed on the machine body and the rotor is disposed on the shaft core corresponding to the spindle rotor; The tool connecting seat is axially mounted in the cavity and can rotate synchronously with the shaft core; The Z-axis motor assembly includes a Z-axis stator and a mover. The Z-axis stator is disposed on the cavity wall of the cavity, and the mover is disposed on the tool connecting seat corresponding to the Z-axis stator. The Z-axis motor assembly is used to drive the tool connecting seat to reciprocate along the axial direction within a certain range.

[0007] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the Z-axis stator is fitted to the cavity wall of the recess and forms a stator inner cavity inside it. The tool connecting seat includes a mover mounting part extending axially and a guide part disposed at the front end. The mover is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the mover mounting part and inserted axially into the stator inner cavity. The recess forms a guide surface on the axially outer side of the Z-axis stator, and the guide part cooperates with the guide surface.

[0008] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the guide surface is provided with a guide groove extending along the axial direction, and the guide portion is provided with a guide block that cooperates with the guide groove.

[0009] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the front end port of the cavity is provided with a threaded fixing block for limiting the forward movement of the guide portion.

[0010] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, an axial travel gap is formed between the bottom of the cavity and the moving part, and a buffer component is provided in the axial travel gap.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the tail end of the shaft core is provided with an adapter, the shaft core is provided with a lead hole extending from the adapter to the Z-axis stator, the lead hole is provided with multiple power lead wires, the adapter is provided with multiple conductive rings, the conductive rings are connected to the corresponding power lead wires, the conductive rings are coaxially arranged with the shaft core, the machine body is provided with multiple brushes, and the multiple brushes are in contact with the corresponding conductive rings.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the adapter has an outer peripheral surface coaxial with the shaft core, the outer peripheral surface of the adapter is provided with a plurality of annular grooves, the plurality of annular grooves are staggered along the axial direction, the conductive ring is embedded in the annular grooves, and the brush extends radially from the body toward the conductive ring.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect and the above-mentioned implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the front end of the tool connecting seat is provided with a tapered hole, the tapered hole extends axially, the electric spindle also includes a collet and a collet nut, the collet is inserted into the tapered hole axially and locked to the tool connecting seat axially by the collet nut, and the collet is provided with a drill bit insertion hole arranged axially inside.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect and the above-described implementations, in some implementations of the first aspect, the bearing includes a front radial air bearing, a rear radial air bearing, and a thrust bearing, wherein the front radial air bearing is disposed on the front side of the spindle motor assembly, and the rear radial air bearing is disposed on the rear side of the spindle motor assembly.

[0015] In a second aspect, a drilling apparatus includes an electric spindle as described in any implementation of the first aspect. One of the above technical solutions has at least one of the following advantages or beneficial effects: In the technical solution of the present invention, the Z-axis motor assembly is built into the cavity at the front end of the shaft core. The Z-axis motor assembly is used to directly drive the tool connector, thereby driving the tool to perform high-frequency micro-feed on the Z-axis. The total mass of the moving parts directly driven by the Z-axis motor assembly is greatly reduced, which can achieve an order-of-magnitude improvement in the efficiency of PCB micro-hole processing. At the same time, the present invention also eliminates the need for an external Z-axis module, reduces maintenance costs through integrated design, and is suitable for mass production. The present invention achieves structural integration and extreme lightweight motion, breaking through the traditional efficiency bottleneck. Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of the electric spindle of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the shaft core and Z-axis stator structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a tool connector structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a top view of a tool connecting seat according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the Z-axis motor assembly and tool connector structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the shaft core, adapter, and Z-axis motor assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] This section will describe in detail specific embodiments of the present invention. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. The purpose of the drawings is to supplement the textual description with graphics, so that people can intuitively and vividly understand each technical feature and overall technical solution of the present invention, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] In this invention, when directions (up, down, left, right, front, and back) are described, it is only for the purpose of describing the technical solution of this invention, and does not indicate or imply that the technical features referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0019] In this invention, "several" means one or more, "multiple" means two or more, "greater than," "less than," "exceeding," etc., are understood to exclude the stated number; "above," "below," "within," etc., are understood to include the stated number. In the description of this invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish technical features and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features, or implicitly indicating the order of the indicated technical features.

[0020] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly defined, the terms "setting," "installing," and "connecting" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrally formed connection; a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection capable of mutual communication; or the internal connection of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0021] See Figures 1-6 An embodiment of the present invention provides an electric spindle, including a body 100, a spindle core 200, a spindle motor assembly 300, a tool connector 400, and a Z-axis motor assembly 500. The spindle core 200 is supported on the body 100 by bearings. The spindle motor assembly 300 includes a spindle stator 301 and a rotor 302. The spindle stator 301 is disposed on the body 100, and the rotor 302 is disposed on the spindle core 200 corresponding to the spindle rotor 302, forming a direct-drive electric spindle. The front end of the spindle core 200 has an axially extending cavity 201. The tool connector 400 is axially mounted in the cavity 201 and can rotate synchronously with the spindle core 200.

[0022] The Z-axis motor assembly 500 includes a Z-axis stator 501 and a mover 502. The Z-axis stator 501 is disposed on the cavity wall of the cavity 201, and the mover 502 is disposed on the tool connecting seat 400 corresponding to the Z-axis stator 501. The Z-axis motor assembly 500 is used to drive the tool connecting seat 400 to reciprocate along the axial direction within a certain range, thereby realizing high-frequency feeding of the tool along the Z-axis direction.

[0023] In the technical solution of this invention, the Z-axis motor assembly 500 is built into the cavity 201 at the front end of the shaft core 200. The Z-axis motor assembly 500 is used to directly drive the tool connector 400, thereby driving the tool to perform high-frequency micro-feed in the Z-axis direction. The total mass of the moving parts directly driven by the Z-axis motor assembly 500 is greatly reduced, achieving an order-of-magnitude improvement in the efficiency of PCB micro-hole processing. Simultaneously, this invention eliminates the need for an external Z-axis module, reducing maintenance costs through integrated design and adapting to mass production. This invention achieves structural integration and extreme lightweight motion, breaking through traditional efficiency bottlenecks. In some specific embodiments, the Z-axis motor assembly 500 directly drives the tool to perform high-frequency micro-feed in the Z-axis direction (stroke 0.1–10 mm, frequency ≥ 50 Hz), with a total mass of moving parts < 200 g.

[0024] Among them, the machine body 100 can be provided with a spiral groove cooling water channel on the outside of the main spindle stator 301, and the turbulence effect of the coolant improves the heat dissipation efficiency by more than 30%.

[0025] See Figure 1 A speed sensor component 600 for detecting the rotational speed of the spindle core 200 can be installed on the machine body 100. Through the upper computer program, the spindle speed (≥150,000rpm) and the pulse action of the voice coil motor are coordinated to achieve synchronous processing with hole position accuracy ≤±2μm.

[0026] In some embodiments, see Figures 1-5 The Z-axis stator 501 fits against the cavity wall of the recess 201, forming a stator inner cavity inside. The tool connector 400 includes a mover mounting portion 401 extending axially and a guide portion 402 disposed at the front end of the mover mounting portion 401. The mover 502 is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the mover mounting portion 401 and inserted axially into the stator inner cavity. The Z-axis stator 501 and the mover 502 are directly disposed between the shaft core 200 and the tool connector 400. The Z-axis stator 501 and the mover 502 cooperate to realize high-frequency micro direct feed of the tool connector 400 along the Z-axis direction. Among them, the recess 201 forms a guide surface 202 on the axial outer side of the Z-axis stator 501. The guide portion 402 cooperates with the guide surface 202 to guide the tool connector 400 to stable high-frequency feed along the Z-axis direction.

[0027] Further, see Figure 2 , Figure 4 The guide surface 202 is provided with a guide groove 203 extending axially, and the guide part 402 is provided with a guide block 403 that cooperates with the guide groove 203. The guide block 403 cooperates with the guide groove 203 to guide in the Z-axis direction and limit rotation—ensuring that the drill bit speed is consistent with the spindle core 200. This embodiment can ensure that the tool connecting seat 400 can be guided and limited in rotation in a limited space.

[0028] It is understandable that the tool connector 400 can also be fitted with the shaft core 200 using a key or the like.

[0029] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 , Figure 5 The front end of the cavity 201 is provided with a threaded fixing block 204 for limiting the forward movement of the guide part 402. Specifically, the front edge of the guide part 402 is provided with an axial limiting groove, and a shoulder 404 is formed through the axial limiting groove. The front end of the cavity 201 is provided with an internal thread. The threaded fixing block 204 is threadedly connected to the front end of the cavity 201 and cooperates with the shoulder 404 to limit the axial displacement of the tool connecting seat 400. At the same time, the stroke of the tool connecting seat 400 can be adjusted by adjusting the tightening position of the threaded fixing block 204.

[0030] In some embodiments, see Figure 5 An axial travel clearance 209 is formed between the bottom of the cavity 201 and the mover mounting part 401, and a buffer component 405 is provided in the axial travel clearance 209. The buffer component 405 is used to buffer the axial collision between the tool connecting seat 400 and the shaft core 200, so as to buffer and suppress the transmission of high frequency vibration to the shaft core 200.

[0031] In some embodiments, in an instant Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6 The tail of the shaft core 200 is provided with an adapter 205, which is made of insulating material. The shaft core 200 has a lead hole 206 extending from the adapter 205 to the Z-axis stator 501. One or more lead holes 206 can be provided. Multiple power leads 207 are provided in the lead holes 206. There is an insulating layer between the power leads 207 and the shaft core 200. The adapter 205 is provided with multiple conductive rings 208. The conductive rings 208 are connected to the corresponding power leads 207. The conductive rings 208 are coaxially arranged with the shaft core 200. The body 100 is provided with multiple brushes 101. The brushes 101 are connected to the external circuit. The multiple brushes 101 are in contact with the corresponding conductive rings 208. External voltage can be connected to the Z-axis stator 501 through brush 101, conductive ring 208, and power lead 207. Through the contact and cooperation between brush 101 and conductive ring 208, the power connection to the Z-axis motor assembly 500 on the rotating shaft core 200 is realized, which solves the problem of power supply when the Z-axis motor assembly 500 is directly built into the shaft core 200.

[0032] Further, see Figure 1 , Figure 6The adapter 205 has an outer peripheral surface coaxial with the shaft core 200. The outer peripheral surface of the adapter 205 has multiple annular grooves, which are staggered axially. A conductive ring 208 is embedded in one of the annular grooves. A brush 101 extends radially from the body 100 towards the conductive ring 208. The brush 101 achieves conductive connection through sliding contact with the annular groove. In this embodiment, the arrangement of the conductive ring 208 in the adapter 205 can be flexibly adjusted according to the power lead 207 to meet the power supply requirements of different Z-axis motor assemblies 500.

[0033] It is understandable that the conductive ring 208 can also be disposed on the axial end face of the adapter 205, and further make contact with the brush 101 disposed along the axial direction on the body 100 to conduct electricity.

[0034] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 , Figure 5 The tool connector 400 has a tapered hole 406 at its front end, which extends axially. The electric spindle also includes a collet 407 and a collet nut 408. The collet 407 has multiple circumferentially distributed elastic clamping flaps. The collet 407 is axially inserted into the tapered hole 406 and axially locked to the tool connector 400 by the collet nut 408. The clamping force of the collet 407 on the drill bit 700 can be adjusted by adjusting the axial position of the collet nut 408. The collet 407 has an axially arranged drill bit insertion hole inside. In this embodiment, the collet 407, which cooperates with the tapered hole 406, enables quick assembly and disassembly of the drill bit.

[0035] In some embodiments, see Figure 1 The bearings include a front radial air bearing 102, a rear radial air bearing 103, and a thrust bearing 104. The front radial air bearing 102 is located on the front side of the spindle motor assembly 300, and the rear radial air bearing 103 is located on the rear side of the spindle motor assembly 300. The front radial air bearing 102, the rear radial air bearing 103, and the thrust bearing 104 provide strong rigid support for the spindle core 200, improving machining accuracy and stability, and ensuring the requirements of ultra-precision machining.

[0036] Embodiments of the present invention also provide a drilling apparatus, including the electric spindle of any of the above embodiments.

[0037] Specifically, during operation, the key workflow includes the following stages: Positioning stage: After the spindle catches the tool, the machine moves to the target XY position, and the spindle motor assembly 300 drives the shaft core 200 to rotate at high speed.

[0038] Rapid drilling stage: The host computer sends pulse commands to the Z-axis motor assembly 500, and the mover 502 drives the tool to complete the Z-axis reciprocating motion at a frequency of 500Hz. The single hole machining cycle is ≤20ms.

[0039] Collaborative management: Buffer component 405 suppresses high-frequency vibration, and spindle cooling system (body 100, stator cooling water channel and gas introduced into the spindle) maintains constant spindle temperature.

[0040] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "example," "embodiment," or "some embodiments" indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0041] Of course, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and these equivalent modifications or substitutions are all included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. An electric spindle, characterized in that, include: Organism; The shaft core is supported on the machine body by bearings, and the front end of the shaft core is provided with a cavity extending axially. A spindle motor assembly includes a spindle stator and a rotor, wherein the spindle stator is disposed on the machine body and the rotor is disposed on the shaft core corresponding to the spindle rotor; The tool connecting seat is axially mounted in the cavity and can rotate synchronously with the shaft core; The Z-axis motor assembly includes a Z-axis stator and a mover. The Z-axis stator is disposed on the cavity wall of the cavity, and the mover is disposed on the tool connecting seat corresponding to the Z-axis stator. The Z-axis motor assembly is used to drive the tool connecting seat to reciprocate along the axial direction within a certain range.

2. The electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The Z-axis stator fits against the cavity wall of the recess and forms a stator inner cavity inside. The tool connecting seat includes a mover mounting part extending axially and a guide part disposed at the front end. The mover is disposed on the outer peripheral surface of the mover mounting part and inserted axially into the stator inner cavity. The recess forms a guide surface on the axially outer side of the Z-axis stator, and the guide part cooperates with the guide surface.

3. The electric spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guide surface is provided with a guide groove extending along the axial direction, and the guide part is provided with a guide block that cooperates with the guide groove.

4. The electric spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that, The front end of the cavity is provided with a threaded fixing block for limiting the forward movement of the guide.

5. The electric spindle according to claim 2, characterized in that, An axial travel gap is formed between the bottom of the cavity and the moving part, and a buffer component is provided in the axial travel gap.

6. The electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tail end of the shaft is provided with an adapter. The shaft is provided with a lead hole extending from the adapter to the Z-axis stator. Multiple power leads are provided in the lead hole. The adapter is provided with multiple conductive rings. The conductive rings are connected to the corresponding power leads. The conductive rings are coaxially arranged with the shaft. The machine body is provided with multiple brushes. The multiple brushes are in contact with the corresponding conductive rings.

7. The electric spindle according to claim 6, characterized in that, The adapter has an outer peripheral surface coaxial with the shaft core. The outer peripheral surface of the adapter is provided with a plurality of annular grooves. The plurality of annular grooves are staggered along the axial direction. The conductive ring is embedded in the annular groove. The brush extends radially from the body towards the conductive ring.

8. The electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The front end of the tool connector is provided with a tapered hole, which extends axially. The electric spindle also includes a collet and a collet nut. The collet is inserted into the tapered hole axially and locked to the tool connector axially by the collet nut. The collet has a drill bit insertion hole arranged axially inside.

9. The electric spindle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bearing includes a front radial air bearing, a rear radial air bearing, and a thrust bearing. The front radial air bearing is located on the front side of the spindle motor assembly, and the rear radial air bearing is located on the rear side of the spindle motor assembly.

10. A drilling device, characterized in that, The electric spindle includes any one of claims 1 to 9.

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