Organic mineral fertilizer and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides an organic mineral fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation. The organic mineral fertilizer is prepared from fermented organic matters, an inorganic nitrogen source, a slow-release phosphorus and potassium source, medium trace elements, a slow-release matrix and a functional microbial agent according to a specific ratio. The composition of the fertilizer is adjusted, the slow-release phosphorus and potassium sources are adopted as raw materials, slow release of phosphorus and potassium is achieved through the slow-release effect of the slow-release phosphorus and potassium sources, and the overall slow-release effect of the fertilizer is achieved through the slow-release matrix. According to the present invention, the organic matter and the mineral element are deeply fused by adjusting the process, the prepared fertilizer has characteristics of comprehensive nutrition, slow release, high efficiency, soil improving, and fertilizer utilization rate increasing, the resource utilization of the agricultural waste is achieved, and the green and environmental protection modern agriculture requirements are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fertilizer preparation technology, and in particular to an organic mineral fertilizer and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Vegetables are an indispensable part of people's daily lives. During the decomposition process, organic fertilizers release their nutrients continuously through mineralization, providing the nutrients needed for vegetable growth and development. They provide various mineral and organic nutrients that vegetables need, which not only improves the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity, but also promotes the formation of soil aggregates, improves soil physical properties, and provides organic carbon sources, which can promote the activity of soil microorganisms.

[0003] Organic fertilizers are generally obtained by composting and fermenting crop straw or farmyard manure. Conventional organic fertilizers are usually applied directly to vegetable fields, often resulting in sufficient fertility in the early stages but insufficient fertility in the later stages. Topdressing is then used to supplement the fertilizer needed for later growth. Therefore, the emergence of slow-release fertilizers allows for the storage and slow release of organic fertilizers, improving their effective utilization rate. Since straw's main components are cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, it has a large specific surface area and many hydrophilic hydroxyl groups on its molecular chains, giving it a certain adsorption capacity and greatly improving fertilizer absorption and slow-release performance. However, most crop straw surfaces have a smooth, waxy film formed by higher aliphatic derivatives, which affects the absorption and slow release of fertilizer and water. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the wettability of the straw surface and enhance its reactivity, allowing micronutrient liquid fertilizers to be better loaded onto the straw and released slowly in the later stages.

[0004] Compound organic fertilizers can have some beneficial nutrients added to them, which can further make up for some nutrients that plants and animals do not have, thus making the organic fertilizer more effective.

[0005] However, compound fertilizers, which are simply a mixture of organic and chemical fertilizers, have the following drawbacks:

[0006] Uneven physical mixing: The large differences in density and particle size between organic matter and inorganic particles make them prone to separation during transportation and use, resulting in uneven fertility.

[0007] Poor chemical synergy: Simple physical mixing cannot achieve effective complexation or chelation of organic matter and mineral nutrients, and nutrients are easily fixed or leached by the soil, resulting in low utilization.

[0008] Single function: Most products only focus on macroelements such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and lack comprehensive consideration of microelements and soil microbial communities. Summary of the Invention

[0009] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an organic mineral fertilizer that is nutrient-rich, structurally stable, and can effectively improve soil and increase fertilizer utilization.

[0010] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0011] An organic mineral fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts fermented organic matter, 10-20 parts inorganic nitrogen source, 10-25 parts slow-release phosphorus and potassium source, 2-8 parts trace elements, 5-15 parts slow-release matrix, and 0.5-2 parts functional microbial agent.

[0012] Preferably, the fermented organic matter contains ≥45% organic matter and ≤30% moisture.

[0013] Preferably, the inorganic nitrogen source is at least one of urea and ammonium sulfate.

[0014] Preferably, the slow-release phosphorus and potassium source is a mixture of ammonium polyphosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite), and potassium silicate.

[0015] Preferably, the trace elements are one or more of zinc sulfate, borax, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, and ammonium molybdate.

[0016] Preferably, the slow-release matrix is ​​a mixture of humic acid, sodium alginate, and attapulgite.

[0017] Preferably, the functional bacterial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

[0018] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing organic mineral fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

[0019] (1) The inorganic nitrogen source, slow-release phosphorus and potassium source and trace elements are respectively pulverized to below 100 mesh;

[0020] (2) The fermented organic matter is crushed and sieved to control the particle size to below 2 mm;

[0021] (3) Mix fermented organic matter, inorganic nitrogen source, slow-release phosphorus and potassium source, trace elements, slow-release matrix and functional microbial agent in proportion, and stir at 40-50℃ for 15-20 minutes to obtain a mixture; this low-temperature activation step helps organic matter and mineral nutrients to carry out preliminary complexation reaction.

[0022] (4) The mixture is fed into a granulator, and while stirring, an aqueous solution containing a slow-release matrix is ​​sprayed to obtain wet granules. The key is to control the kneading force and time during the granulation process to ensure that the material is fully squeezed and kneaded so that the organic matter, binder and mineral particles are tightly combined to form a dense "agglomerate structure". This physical structure itself can prevent the rapid intrusion of water and the rapid dissolution of nutrients.

[0023] (5) Dry the wet granules at 60-80℃, and then age them at room temperature and in a dry environment for 24-48 hours to obtain organic mineral fertilizer. This process helps to balance the internal moisture and stabilize the internal structure of the fertilizer granules, and further consolidates the slow-release performance.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0025] This invention provides an organic mineral fertilizer and its preparation method. The organic mineral fertilizer is made from fermented organic matter, inorganic nitrogen source, slow-release phosphorus and potassium source, trace elements, slow-release matrix, and functional microbial agent in a specific ratio. This invention adjusts the fertilizer composition, using slow-release phosphorus and potassium sources as raw materials, utilizing their inherent slow-release properties to achieve the slow release of phosphorus and potassium, and achieving an overall slow-release effect of the fertilizer, especially the slow-release effect of nitrogen, through the slow-release matrix. This invention adjusts the process to deeply integrate organic matter and mineral elements, resulting in a fertilizer that is not only nutrient-rich but also features slow-release efficiency, soil improvement, and increased fertilizer utilization. Simultaneously, it realizes the resource utilization of agricultural waste, meeting the needs of green and environmentally friendly modern agriculture. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 The cumulative nitrogen release rate during days 30-80 in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5;

[0027] Figure 2 The cumulative release rate of potassium from day 30 to 80 in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5. Detailed Implementation

[0028] This invention provides an organic mineral fertilizer, which is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-60 parts fermented organic matter, 10-20 parts inorganic nitrogen source, 10-25 parts slow-release phosphorus and potassium source, 2-8 parts trace elements, 5-15 parts slow-release matrix, and 0.5-2 parts functional microbial agent.

[0029] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing the fermented organic matter is as follows:

[0030] Step 1: Take 700 kg of fresh pig manure and mix it with 300 kg of crushed corn stalks. The initial carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is approximately 28:1, and the moisture content is approximately 60%.

[0031] Step 2: Evenly sprinkle 3 kg of compound fermentation agent (composed of thermophilic cellulose-decomposing bacteria and actinomycetes in a mass ratio of 1:1) into the mixture, mix well, and then stack the mixture to a height of 1.5 m and a width of 2.5 m.

[0032] Step 3: Turn the pile over once a day. During fermentation, the temperature of the pile will rise above 65℃ on the second day. Then, turn the pile over to stabilize the temperature between 60-70℃ and continue fermenting for 18 days.

[0033] Step 4: Transfer the material to an aging chamber and pile it up for 25 days, turning it over 3 times during this period. After aging, the material temperature should be the same as the ambient temperature. The fermented organic matter contains 47% organic matter and 28% moisture.

[0034] The inorganic nitrogen source is at least one of urea and ammonium sulfate.

[0035] The slow-release phosphorus and potassium source is a mixture of ammonium polyphosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, and potassium silicate. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the slow-release phosphorus and potassium source is a mixture of ammonium polyphosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, and potassium silicate in a mass ratio of 2:3:1.

[0036] The trace elements are one or more selected from zinc sulfate, borax, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, and ammonium molybdate. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the trace elements are obtained by mixing zinc sulfate, borax, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, and ammonium molybdate in a mass ratio of 1:2:1:3:1.

[0037] The slow-release matrix is ​​a mixture of humic acid, sodium alginate, and attapulgite. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the slow-release matrix is ​​obtained by mixing humic acid, sodium alginate, and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 3:2:5.

[0038] The functional microbial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the functional microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a mass ratio of 1:1:1. All of these Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are commercially available products, and the total number of viable bacteria in the functional microbial agent is ≥150 million CFU / g.

[0039] The method for preparing the organic mineral fertilizer of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0040] (1) The inorganic nitrogen source, slow-release phosphorus and potassium source and trace elements are pulverized to below 100 mesh;

[0041] (2) The fermented organic matter is crushed and sieved to control the particle size to below 2 mm;

[0042] (3) Mix fermented organic matter, inorganic nitrogen source, slow-release phosphorus and potassium source, trace elements, slow-release matrix and functional microbial agent in proportion, and stir at 40-50℃ for 15-20 minutes to obtain a mixture; this low-temperature activation step helps organic matter and mineral nutrients to carry out preliminary complexation reaction.

[0043] (4) The mixture is fed into a granulator, and while stirring, an aqueous solution containing a slow-release matrix is ​​sprayed to obtain wet granules. The key is to control the kneading force and time during the granulation process to ensure that the material is fully squeezed and kneaded so that the organic matter, binder and mineral particles are tightly combined to form a dense "agglomerate structure". This physical structure itself can prevent the rapid intrusion of water and the rapid dissolution of nutrients.

[0044] (5) Dry the wet granules at 60-80℃, and then age them at room temperature and in a dry environment for 24-48 hours to obtain organic mineral fertilizer. This process helps to balance the internal moisture and stabilize the internal structure of the fertilizer granules, and further consolidates the slow-release performance.

[0045] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments.

[0046] Examples 1-3

[0047] An organic mineral fertilizer, the raw material composition (parts by weight) is shown in Table 1.

[0048] The trace elements mentioned are one or more of zinc sulfate, borax, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, and ammonium molybdate.

[0049] The slow-release matrix is ​​a mixture of humic acid, sodium alginate, and attapulgite. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the slow-release matrix is ​​obtained by mixing humic acid, sodium alginate, and attapulgite in a mass ratio of 3:2:5.

[0050] The functional microbial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the functional microbial agent is obtained by mixing Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a mass ratio of 1:1:1. All of these Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens are commercially available products, and the total number of viable bacteria in the functional microbial agent is ≥150 million CFU / g.

[0051] The method for preparing the organic mineral fertilizer of the present invention includes the following steps:

[0052] (1) The inorganic nitrogen source, slow-release phosphorus and potassium source and trace elements are pulverized to below 100 mesh;

[0053] (2) The fermented organic matter is crushed and sieved to control the particle size to below 2 mm;

[0054] (3) Mix fermented organic matter, inorganic nitrogen source, slow-release phosphorus and potassium source, trace elements, slow-release matrix and functional microbial agent in proportion, and stir at 45°C for 20 minutes to obtain a mixture;

[0055] (4) The mixture is fed into a granulator, and while stirring, an aqueous solution containing a slow-release matrix (mass concentration of 20%) is sprayed to obtain wet granules;

[0056] (5) Dry the wet granules at 70°C and then age them at room temperature and in a dry environment for 40 hours to obtain organic mineral fertilizer.

[0057] Table 1

[0058]

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] An organic mineral fertilizer, the raw material composition and preparation method are the same as in Example 1, except that in Comparative Example 1, the slow-release phosphorus and potassium source is replaced with a mixture of superphosphate and potassium chloride in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0061] Comparative Example 2

[0062] An organic mineral fertilizer, the raw material composition and preparation method are the same as in Example 1, except that Comparative Example 2 does not add a slow-release matrix.

[0063] Comparative Example 3

[0064] An organic mineral fertilizer, the raw material composition and preparation method are the same as in Example 1, except that the slow-release matrix of Comparative Example 2 contains only sodium alginate and attapulgite.

[0065] Comparative Example 4

[0066] An organic mineral fertilizer, the raw material composition and preparation method are the same as in Example 1, except that the trace elements in Comparative Example 3 do not contain ammonium molybdate.

[0067] Comparative Example 5

[0068] An organic mineral fertilizer, the raw material composition and preparation method are the same as in Example 1, except that in Comparative Example 3, ammonium molybdate is replaced with ammonium chloride.

[0069] The following experiments were conducted using the organic mineral fertilizers from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5:

[0070] Culture boxes measuring 40.0 cm in length, 27.5 cm in width, and 20 cm in height were used, each containing 30 kg of soil. Loose-leaf lettuce was planted in each box, and eight different treatments (using different fertilizers) were conducted, with three replicates for each treatment. Fertilization was applied as topdressing at three stages: seedling stage (0.2 g per culture box), growth stage (0.5 g per culture box), and maturity stage (0.5 g per culture box).

[0071] After 80 days of treatment in pots, plant growth and soil nutrient levels were observed. Mature lettuce roots were rinsed with tap water to remove soil from the root system. Root data and soil pH changes were recorded using measuring tools. The results are shown in Tables 2 and 3.

[0072] Table 2

[0073]

[0074] Table 3

[0075]

[0076] As can be seen from Tables 2 and 3, the slow-release fertilizer prepared in the examples has advantages such as slowing down fertilizer nutrient loss, conditioning the soil environment, and increasing crop yield. Furthermore, compared with the comparative examples, the examples significantly reduce the concentrations of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the soil. Therefore, the organic mineral fertilizer prepared in this application has advantages in controlled release of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

[0077] The cumulative release rates of nitrogen and potassium in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-5 were recorded from day 30 to 80. The results are as follows: Figures 1-2 .

[0078] from Figures 1-2 It can be seen that the slow-release fertilizer prepared in the embodiments of this application has a significant slow-release effect.

[0079] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An organic mineral fertilizer, characterized in that, The raw materials include the following parts by weight: 40-60 parts fermented organic matter, 10-20 parts inorganic nitrogen source, 10-25 parts slow-release phosphorus and potassium source, 2-8 parts trace elements, 5-15 parts slow-release matrix, and 0.5-2 parts functional microbial agent.

2. The organic mineral fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fermented organic matter contains ≥45% organic matter and ≤30% moisture.

3. The organic mineral fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inorganic nitrogen source is at least one of urea and ammonium sulfate.

4. The organic mineral fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slow-release phosphorus and potassium source is a mixture of ammonium polyphosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, and potassium silicate.

5. The organic mineral fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The trace elements mentioned are one or more of zinc sulfate, borax, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, and ammonium molybdate.

6. The organic mineral fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slow-release matrix is ​​a mixture of humic acid, sodium alginate, and attapulgite.

7. The organic mineral fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The functional microbial agent is a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.

8. The method for preparing the organic mineral fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) The inorganic nitrogen source, slow-release phosphorus and potassium source and trace elements are respectively pulverized to below 100 mesh; (2) The fermented organic matter is crushed and sieved to control the particle size to below 2 mm; (3) Mix fermented organic matter, inorganic nitrogen source, slow-release phosphorus and potassium source, trace elements, slow-release matrix and functional microbial agent in proportion, and stir at 40-50℃ for 15-20 minutes to obtain a mixture; (4) The mixture is fed into a granulator, and while stirring, an aqueous solution containing a slow-release matrix is ​​sprayed to obtain wet granules. (5) Dry the wet granules at 60-80℃, and then age them at room temperature and in a dry environment for 24-48 hours to obtain organic mineral fertilizer.

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