Device for in situ determination of iron-oxidizing ammonia rates in sediments and overlying water of tidal estuaries

Abstract

The application discloses a device for in-situ determination of iron ammonia oxidation rate of tidal estuary sediment and overlying water, comprising: a bottomless hollow experimental bin, the lower part of which is arranged in the sediment, the upper part of which is immersed in the overlying water, the top of which is provided with an exhaust port closed by a sliding cover, the outside of which is provided with a liquid injection device, the injection port being in the experimental bin, the outside of which is further provided with a helium gas channel, the outlet of the channel being arranged at the interface between the sediment and the overlying water in the experimental bin, the upper part of which is provided with an overlying water sampling port connected with an overlying water sampler outside, the lower part of which is provided with a pore water sampling port connected with a pore water sampler through a hose, and the upper part of which is further provided with a plurality of probes in communication connection with a signal receiver. The application has strong applicability, simple operation, can realize in-situ synchronous determination of iron ammonia oxidation rate of tidal estuary sediment and overlying water, and has high practical value and broad popularization prospect for deep understanding and mastering of the iron ammonia oxidation process of the tidal estuary rich in nitrogen and iron.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an in-situ experimental apparatus for measuring the iron ammonia oxidation rate of sediments and overlying water, and more particularly to an apparatus for in-situ determination of the iron ammonia oxidation rate of sediments and overlying water in tidal estuaries. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation are considered the main methods of nitrogen removal in aquatic ecosystems, achieving permanent nitrogen removal through microbial reactions that generate N2 and N2O. Denitrification accounts for over 50% of nitrogen removal in aquatic ecosystems, while anaerobic ammonium oxidation accounts for approximately 0-35%. Recent research has revealed that under anaerobic conditions, Fe(III) reduction coupled with ammonium oxidation (known as ferroammonia oxidation) can also achieve nitrogen removal; that is, Fe(III) acts as an electron acceptor, converting NH4+ into nitrogen. + Oxidation produces N2 and NO3 - and NO2 - N2 is the main product of this biochemical process, indicating that the iron-ammonia oxidation process has potential denitrification capabilities. Furthermore, related studies have also found that the iron-ammonia oxidation process affects NH4+. + The removal capacity of ferric ammonium oxidation (FMO) may be higher than that of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAO). Therefore, the ferric ammonium oxidation process is more effective at removing NH4+. + The contribution of removal is also gradually gaining attention.

[0003] As a crucial transitional zone between inland waters and the ocean, tidal estuaries receive concentrated inputs of industrial and agricultural pollutants from upstream basins. Consequently, these areas are reported to possess relatively abundant iron and nitrogen, providing ample substrates for the iron-ammonia oxidation (FeO) process. However, since FeO is a newly discovered denitrification process mediated by iron-reducing bacteria, sediment or overlying water samples are typically collected and brought back to the laboratory for FeO rate determination. This process fundamentally alters the physicochemical environment of the sediments (e.g., dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, TOC, ammonia nitrogen), leading to significant uncertainties in the accuracy of the measurements. Furthermore, simultaneously differentiating the contribution ratio of FeO to in-situ sediments and the abundance of FeO-oxidizing microorganisms in the overlying water presents another challenge. Therefore, objectively reflecting the changes in FeO rates and FeO-oxidizing microbial abundance in in-situ sediments and overlying water in estuaries remains a significant challenge in the field of nitrogen cycling. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problems in the prior art, this invention designs an apparatus for in-situ determination of the iron-ammonia oxidation rate in tidal estuary sediments and overlying water. It can serve as an experimental device for in-situ determination of the iron-ammonia oxidation rate and microbial abundance in tidal estuary sediments and overlying water, and provides scientific guidance for estimating nitrogen balance in estuarine sediments and overlying water, and for nitrogen management in upstream watersheds.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] An apparatus for in-situ determination of the iron ammonia oxidation rate in tidal estuary sediments and overlying water, comprising:

[0007] A bottomless, hollow experimental chamber 14 is provided, with its lower part situated in sediment and its upper part submerged in overlying water. An exhaust vent is located at the top of the experimental chamber 14 and is sealed by a sliding cover 9.

[0008] A liquid injection device 25 is provided on the outside of the experimental chamber 14, and the injection port 26 of the liquid injection device 25 is located inside the experimental chamber 14.

[0009] The experimental chamber 14 is also equipped with a helium gas channel on its exterior, and the outlet 18 of the helium gas channel is located at the interface between the sediment and the overlying water inside the experimental chamber 14.

[0010] The upper part of the experimental chamber 14 is provided with an overlying water sampling port 16, and the overlying water sampling port 16 is connected to an overlying water sampler 17 disposed on the outer surface of the experimental chamber 14.

[0011] The lower part of the experimental chamber 14 is provided with a pore water sampling port 21, which is connected to a pore water sampler 19 located outside the experimental chamber 14 via a flexible tube.

[0012] Several probes are also installed in the upper part of the experimental chamber 14, and the probes are communicatively connected to a signal receiver.

[0013] The liquid injection device 25 contains ammonia nitrogen isotopes.

[0014] The pore water sampling port 21 is connected to the pore water sampler via a flexible tube, which can reduce the resistance during the insertion of the columnar experimental chamber 14 into the sediment and avoid damage to the sampling tube.

[0015] Furthermore, the pore water sampling port 21 is connected to a high-permeability porous ceramic head 20 inside the experimental chamber 14, and the porous ceramic head 20 is connected to the inner wall of the experimental chamber 14 at an acute angle. The angled ceramic head makes it easier for the experimental chamber to be inserted into the sediment, while the porous ceramic head facilitates the extraction of pore water.

[0016] Furthermore, the overlying water sampler 17 or the pore water sampler 19 includes a sampling tube 27. The overlying water sampling port 16 or the pore water sampling port 21 is connected to the sampling tube 27 via a sampling pump 33. The sampling tube 27 is equipped with a filter membrane 29 and a check valve 31 at its inlet. The filter membrane is used to filter suspended particulate matter in the pore water of the overlying water and sediment, and to characterize the amount of iron ions adsorbed by the suspended particulate matter and the abundance of iron-oxidizing microorganisms on the particulate matter. The check valve is used to prevent filtrate backflow and "contamination" of the filter membrane.

[0017] Furthermore, a stop liquid injection device 32 is provided on the outside of the sampling tube 27, and the injection port of the stop liquid injection device 32 is located inside the sampling tube 27.

[0018] Furthermore, a cooling ring 30 is provided at the edge of the filter membrane 29, and liquid nitrogen is disposed within the cooling ring 30. This is used to reduce the activity of microorganisms on the filter membrane, facilitating subsequent detection of the abundance of iron-ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms.

[0019] Furthermore, there are multiple overlying water sampling ports 16 or pore water sampling ports 21, which are respectively connected to overlying water sampler 17 or pore water sampler 19. Multiple samplers can sample samples at different times.

[0020] Furthermore, the sliding cover 9 is connected to a telescopic push rod 10. The telescopic push rod 10 meshes with a gear 102 controlled by a motor 103 via a transmission gear 101 fixedly connected thereto. The motor 103 is communicatively connected to the control system. The sliding cover can be slid by controlling the telescopic push rod through the control system, thereby opening or closing the exhaust port.

[0021] Furthermore, a placement rod 5 is connected to the top of the experimental chamber 14, with the upper part of the placement rod 5 above the water surface. The placement rod is used to insert the experimental chamber into the sediment.

[0022] Furthermore, a power supply device 2 is provided on the upper part of the placement rod 5, which supplies power to the probe. The power supply device 2 can also supply power to the liquid injection device 25, the motor 103, the indicator light 6, the sampling pump 33, and the stop liquid injection device 32.

[0023] Furthermore, a data storage device 3 is provided on the upper part of the placement rod 5. The data storage device 3 contains a signal receiving module, which is communicatively connected to the probe. The data storage device 3 also includes a physical data transmission interface. The data storage device can store water quality index data of dissolved oxygen, ferrous iron, total iron, pH, TOC, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen measured in situ, and is equipped with a physical data transmission interface, which allows water quality data to be exported via a line connection after the experiment.

[0024] Furthermore, a signal light 6 is provided on the upper part of the placement rod 5 to facilitate the experimenter's quick location and retrieval of the entire device.

[0025] Furthermore, the placement rod 5 is also connected to a crossbar 7, one end of which is connected to a snap ring 8. This is used to further secure the in-situ experimental device according to the on-site experimental conditions.

[0026] Furthermore, the placement rod 5 is a hollow screw, which serves as a helium gas channel. The hollow screw is multi-sectioned for easy disassembly and transport, and its length can be extended according to the required water depth to insert the cylindrical experimental chamber 14 into the riverbed sediment.

[0027] Furthermore, the probe is one or more of the following: dissolved oxygen probe 15, ferrous iron probe 11, total iron probe 12, pH probe 13, ammonia nitrogen probe 22, nitrate nitrogen probe 23, or TOC probe 24.

[0028] Furthermore, the top of the placement rod 5 is also equipped with an experimental end remote transmission signal antenna 1, which is communicatively connected to the signal receiver and the probe. The experimental end remote transmission signal antenna is used to remotely transmit in-situ water quality data during the in-situ experiment.

[0029] The pushing structure of the aforementioned termination liquid injection device 32 and liquid injection device 25 is the same as the pushing structure of the telescopic push rod 10.

[0030] During the experiment, the device was placed in the sediment and overlying water. The operator first operated the sliding cover to open the vent (to ensure that the overlying water quickly enters the experimental chamber). In areas with weak tides or shallow waters, the in-situ experimental device can be directly inserted into the shallow water near the shore or into the bottom sediment of the estuary. In addition, to ensure that the device is applicable to more scenarios, in areas or periods with fast tidal currents, the device can be fixed at the hydrological observation station at the tidal estuary using crossbars and locking rings. Helium gas is then pumped in through the helium channel and enters the experimental chamber, creating an oxygen-deficient environment. Excess helium gas is automatically discharged through the vent, and then the sliding cover is operated to close the vent. At this point, the liquid injection device is activated to inject ammonia nitrogen isotopes into the experimental chamber. Simultaneously, the dissolved oxygen probe, ferrous iron probe, total iron probe, pH probe, TOC probe, nitrate nitrogen probe, and ammonia nitrogen probe are activated to monitor and record changes in key water quality indicators within the columnar experimental chamber. According to the experimental timeframes for the iron-ammonia oxidation rate, the termination liquid injection device is activated in stages. For example, at time 0h, after collecting samples of overlying water, pore water, and filter membrane from the selected overlying water sampler and pore water sampler, respectively, the termination liquid injection device is activated to inject zinc chloride termination reaction solution into the sampling tube. Similarly, at 2h, 4h, or any other time, sampling and termination liquid injection are performed sequentially for the other samplers in the experimental chamber. During the in-situ iron-ammonia oxidation rate experiment, key water quality indicators of the overlying water are synchronously stored in the data storage device according to the set time steps. Operators can quickly locate the in-situ experimental device using the indicator lights on the top. After the experiment, operators can quickly export the key water quality data through the data physical transmission interface. Finally, the operators lifted the in-situ experimental setup, retrieving the sampling tubes of the overlying water sampler, the pore water sampler, and the filter membrane for further analysis. 30 The nitrogen content and the abundance of iron-ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms were used to calculate the iron-ammonia oxidation rate and the abundance of iron-ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the in-situ sediments and overlying water.

[0031] This device is modularly assembled, highly adaptable, and relatively simple to operate. It can achieve in-situ simultaneous measurement of the iron ammonia oxidation rate in tidal estuary sediments and overlying water, solving the current problem of difficulty in in-situ measurement of iron ammonia oxidation rate and distinguishing the respective contributions of in-situ sediments and overlying water to iron ammonia oxidation. It can provide strong support for a deeper understanding and mastery of the iron ammonia oxidation process in nitrogen- and iron-rich tidal estuaries, and has high practical value and broad prospects for promotion. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this application, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings:

[0033] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the device for in-situ measurement of the iron ammonia oxidation rate in tidal estuary sediments and overlying water in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the overlying water sampler or pore water sampler in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the telescopic push rod and its pushing device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the porous ceramic head in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1 is the experimental end remote signal antenna; 2 is the power supply device; 3 is the data storage device; 4 is the helium gas inlet; 5 is the placement rod; 6 is the indicator light; 7 is the crossbar; 8 is the buckle ring; 9 is the sliding cover; 10 is the telescopic push rod; 11 is the ferrous iron probe; 12 is the total iron probe; 13 is the pH probe; 14 is the experimental chamber; 15 is the dissolved oxygen probe; 16 is the overlying water sampling port; 17 is the overlying water sampler; 18 is the helium gas channel outlet; 19 is the pore. Water sampler, 20 is a porous ceramic head, 21 is a pore water sampling port, 22 is an ammonia nitrogen probe, 23 is a nitrate nitrogen probe, 24 is a TOC probe, 25 is a liquid injection device, 26 is the injection port of liquid injection device 25, 27 is a sampling tube, 28 is a filter membrane fixing device, 29 is a filter membrane, 30 is a cooling ring, 31 is a check valve, 32 is a stop liquid injection device, 33 is a sampling pump, 101 is a transmission gear, 102 is a gear, and 103 is a motor. Detailed Implementation

[0038] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] like Figures 1-4An apparatus for in-situ determination of the iron ammonia oxidation rate in tidal estuary sediments and overlying water is shown, comprising: a bottomless, hollow experimental chamber 14, the lower part of which is disposed in the sediment, and the upper part of which is submerged in the overlying water; an exhaust port on the top of the experimental chamber 14, which is closed by a sliding cover 9; a liquid injection device 25 disposed outside the experimental chamber 14, the injection port 26 of which is disposed inside the experimental chamber 14; and a helium gas channel disposed outside the experimental chamber 14. The outlet 18 of the channel is located at the interface between the sediment and the overlying water within the experimental chamber 14. An overlying water sampling port 16 is located at the upper part of the experimental chamber 14, connected to an overlying water sampler 17 disposed on the outer surface of the experimental chamber 14. A pore water sampling port 21 is located at the lower part of the experimental chamber 14, connected via a flexible tube to a pore water sampler 19 disposed outside the experimental chamber 14. Several probes are also installed inside the upper part of the experimental chamber 14, and these probes are communicatively connected to a signal receiver. The liquid injection device 25 contains ammonia nitrogen isotopes.

[0041] The pore water sampling port 21 is connected to the pore water sampler via a flexible tube, which can reduce the resistance during the insertion of sediment into the experimental chamber 14 and avoid damage to the sampling tube.

[0042] The pore water sampling port 21 is connected to a high-permeability porous ceramic head 20 inside the experimental chamber 14. The porous ceramic head 20 is connected to the inner wall of the experimental chamber 14 at an acute angle. The angled ceramic head makes it easier for the experimental chamber to be inserted into the sediment, while the porous ceramic head facilitates the extraction of pore water.

[0043] The overlying water sampler 17 or the pore water sampler 19 includes a sampling tube 27. The overlying water sampling port 16 or the pore water sampling port 21 is connected to the sampling tube 27 via a sampling pump 33. A filter membrane 29 and a check valve 31 are installed at the inlet of the sampling tube 27. The filter membrane is used to filter suspended particulate matter in the pore water of the overlying water and sediment, and to characterize the amount of iron ions adsorbed by the suspended particulate matter and the abundance of iron-oxidizing microorganisms on the particulate matter. The check valve is used to prevent backflow of the filtrate and "contamination" of the filter membrane.

[0044] A stop solution injection device 32 is provided on the outside of the sampling tube 27, and the injection port of the stop solution injection device 32 is located inside the sampling tube 27.

[0045] A cooling ring 30 is provided at the edge of the filter membrane 29, and liquid nitrogen is disposed inside the cooling ring 30. This is used to reduce the activity of microorganisms on the filter membrane, facilitating subsequent detection of the abundance of iron-ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms.

[0046] There are multiple overlying water sampling ports 16 or pore water sampling ports 21, which are respectively connected to overlying water sampler 17 or pore water sampler 19. Multiple samplers can collect samples at different times.

[0047] The sliding cover 9 is connected to a telescopic push rod 10. The telescopic push rod 10 meshes with a gear 102 controlled by a motor 103 via a transmission gear 101 fixedly connected thereto. The motor 103 is communicatively connected to the control system. The sliding cover can be slid by controlling the telescopic push rod through the control system, thereby opening or closing the exhaust port.

[0048] The experimental chamber 14 is connected to a placement rod 5 at its top, with the upper part of the placement rod 5 above the water surface. The placement rod is used to insert the experimental chamber 14 into the sediment.

[0049] A power supply device 2 is provided on the upper part of the placement rod 5, which supplies power to the probe. The power supply device 2 can also supply power to the liquid injection device 25, the motor 103, the indicator light 6, the sampling pump 33, and the stop liquid injection device 32.

[0050] A data storage device 3 is installed on the upper part of the placement rod 5. The data storage device 3 contains a signal receiving module, which is communicatively connected to the probe. The data storage device 3 also includes a physical data transmission interface. The data storage device can store water quality index data of dissolved oxygen, ferrous iron, total iron, pH, TOC, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen measured in situ, and is equipped with a physical data transmission interface, which allows water quality data to be exported via line connection after the experiment.

[0051] A signal light 6 is installed on the upper part of the placement rod 5 to facilitate the experimenter's quick location and retrieval of the entire device.

[0052] The placement rod 5 is also connected to a crossbar 7, one end of which is connected to a buckle ring 8. This is used to further secure the in-situ experimental device according to the on-site experimental conditions.

[0053] The placement rod 5 is a hollow screw, which serves as a helium gas channel. The hollow screw is multi-sectioned for easy disassembly and transport, and its length can be extended according to the required water depth to insert the cylindrical experimental chamber 14 into the riverbed sediment.

[0054] The probe is one or more of the following: dissolved oxygen probe 15, ferrous iron probe 11, total iron probe 12, pH probe 13, ammonia nitrogen probe 22, nitrate nitrogen probe 23, or TOC probe 24.

[0055] The top of the placement rod 5 is also equipped with an experimental end remote transmission signal antenna 1, which is communicatively connected to the signal receiver and the probe. The experimental end remote transmission signal antenna is used to remotely transmit in-situ water quality data during the in-situ experiment.

[0056] The pushing structure of the aforementioned termination liquid injection device 32 and liquid injection device 25 is the same as the pushing structure of the telescopic push rod 10.

[0057] During the experiment, the operator first operates the sliding cover to open the vent (to ensure that the overlying water quickly enters the experimental chamber), and places the device in the sediment and overlying water. For areas with weak tides or shallow waters, the in-situ experimental device can be directly inserted into the shallow water near the shore or into the bottom sediment of the estuary. In addition, to ensure that the device is applicable to more scenarios, in areas or periods with faster tidal currents, the device can be fixed to the hydrological observation station at the tidal estuary using crossbars and locking rings. Helium is then pumped in through the helium channel, and the helium enters the experimental chamber through the helium channel, creating an oxygen-deficient environment inside the chamber. Excess helium is automatically discharged through the vent, and then the sliding cover is operated to close the vent. At this point, the liquid injection device is activated to inject ammonia nitrogen isotopes into the experimental chamber. Simultaneously, the dissolved oxygen probe, ferrous iron probe, total iron probe, pH probe, TOC probe, nitrate nitrogen probe, and ammonia nitrogen probe are activated to monitor and record changes in key water quality indicators within the columnar experimental chamber. According to the experimental timeframes for the iron-ammonia oxidation rate, the termination liquid injection device is activated in stages. For example, at time 0h, after collecting samples of overlying water, pore water, and filter membrane from the selected overlying water sampler and pore water sampler, respectively, the telescopic push rod of the termination liquid injection device is activated to inject zinc chloride termination reaction solution into the sampling tube. Similarly, at 2h, 4h, or any other time, sampling and termination liquid injection are performed sequentially from other samplers in the experimental chamber. During the in-situ iron-ammonia oxidation rate experiment, key water quality indicators of the overlying water are synchronously stored in the data storage device according to the set time steps. Operators can quickly locate the in-situ experimental device using the indicator lights on the top. After the experiment, operators can quickly export the key water quality data through the data physical transmission interface. Finally, the operators lifted the in-situ experimental setup, retrieving the sampling tubes of the overlying water sampler, the pore water sampler, and the filter membrane for further analysis. 30The device measures N2 content and the abundance of iron-ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms, and calculates the iron-ammonia oxidation rates in in-situ sediments and overlying water based on this data. Operators can combine this data with key water quality data exported from the in-situ experimental device to analyze the iron-ammonia oxidation rates and key influencing indicators in sediments and overlying water in tidal estuaries. Overall, this device possesses a certain level of automation, a modular design, and a wider range of applications. It solves the challenges of conducting in-situ iron-ammonia oxidation rate measurements and separately quantifying the contribution of iron-ammonia oxidation in in-situ sediments and overlying water in tidal estuaries. It also overcomes the uncertainty of experimental results caused by changes in the composition of key iron oxides and nitrogen in the samples brought back from sediments and overlying water, making it easier to operate in-situ and widely apply.

[0058] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any simple modifications or substitutions made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, but can cover the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A device for in situ determination of iron ammonia oxidation rates in tidal estuarine sediments and overlying water, characterized in that, The application relates to a bottomless hollow experimental bin (14), the lower part of the experimental bin (14) is arranged in a sediment, the upper part of the experimental bin (14) is arranged in overlying water, the top of the experimental bin (14) is provided with an exhaust port, the exhaust port is closed by a sliding cover (9), the outside of the experimental bin (14) is provided with a liquid injection device (25), the injection port (26) of the liquid injection device (25) is arranged in the experimental bin (14), the outside of the experimental bin (14) is further provided with a helium gas channel, the outlet (18) of the helium gas channel is arranged at the interface between the sediment and the overlying water in the experimental bin (14), the upper part of the experimental bin (14) is provided with an overlying water sampling port (16), the overlying water sampling port (16) is connected with an overlying water sampler (17) arranged on the surface of the experimental bin (14), the lower part of the experimental bin (14) is provided with a pore water sampling port (21), the pore water sampling port (21) is connected with a pore water sampler (19) arranged outside the experimental bin (14) through a hose, a plurality of probes are further arranged in the upper part of the experimental bin (14) and are in communication connection with a signal receiver. The pore water sampling port (21) is connected with a high-permeability porous ceramic head (20) in the experimental bin (14), and the porous ceramic head (20) is connected with the inner wall of the experimental bin (14) at an acute angle. The overlying water sampler (17) or the pore water sampler (19) comprises a sampling pipe (27), the overlying water sampling port (16) or the pore water sampling port (21) is connected with the sampling pipe (27) through a sampling pump (33), and the pipe opening of the sampling pipe (27) is provided with a filter membrane (29) and a check valve (31). The outer part of the sampling pipe (27) is provided with a quenching liquid injection device (32), and the injection port of the quenching liquid injection device (32) is arranged in the sampling pipe (27). The edge of the filter membrane (29) is provided with a cooling ring (30), and liquid nitrogen is arranged in the cooling ring (30). The overlying water sampling port (16) or the pore water sampling port (21) is multiple and is connected with overlying water samplers (17) or pore water samplers (19) respectively. The sliding cover (9) is connected with a telescopic push rod (10), the telescopic push rod (10) is engaged with a gear (102) controlled by a motor (103) through a transmission tooth (101) fixedly connected to the telescopic push rod (10), and the motor (103) is in communication connection with a control system.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The top of the experimental bin (14) is connected with a placing rod (5), and the upper part of the placing rod (5) is located above the water surface.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The upper part of the placing rod (5) is provided with a power supply device (2) for supplying power to the probes, and the upper part of the placing rod (5) is provided with a data storage device (3) containing a signal receiving module, and the signal receiving module is in communication connection with the probes.

4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein, The placing rod (5) is further connected with a cross rod (7), and one end of the cross rod (7) is connected with a buckle ring (8).

5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein, ​ 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, ​ 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, ​ 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, ​ 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein, ​ 10. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein, ​ 11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein, The placing rod (5) is a hollow screw rod, which is used as a helium passage.

12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The probe is one or more of a dissolved oxygen probe (15), a ferrous iron probe (11), a total iron probe (12), a pH probe (13), an ammonia nitrogen probe (22), a nitrate nitrogen probe (23), or a TOC probe (24).

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