Cryogenic distribution system for a fusion reactor cryogenic pump and nuclear fusion device

Abstract

The application relates to the field of nuclear fusion, and discloses a cryogenic distribution system of a fusion reactor cryogenic pump and a nuclear fusion device. The cryogenic distribution system of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump comprises a valve box, a cold shield, a cryogenic pump, a 4.5K helium supply pipeline, a 4.5K helium recovery pipeline, an 80K helium supply pipeline, an 80K helium recovery pipeline, a vacuum pump set, a vacuum pump and a vacuum gauge, and the cold shield is arranged on the valve box. The cryogenic pump has an adsorption plate cooling flow channel and a hot shield plate cooling flow channel. The 4.5K helium supply pipeline is connected with the inlet of the adsorption plate cooling flow channel. The 4.5K helium recovery pipeline is connected with the outlet of the adsorption plate cooling flow channel. The 80K helium supply pipeline is connected with the inlet of the hot shield plate cooling flow channel. The 80K helium recovery pipeline is connected with the outlet of the hot shield plate cooling flow channel. The vacuum pump set is arranged outside the valve box and is connected with the valve box. The application can effectively meet the medium demand of the full working condition operation of the cryogenic pump by arranging the helium source supply and recovery paths of multiple temperature levels, and ensures the reliability of the operation of the cryogenic pump.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of nuclear fusion technology, and in particular to a cryogenic distribution system for a cryogenic pump in a fusion reactor and a nuclear fusion device. Background Technology

[0002] Fusion devices are among the most complex scientific and engineering systems ever built by humankind, comprising dozens of subsystems, including vacuum and cryogenic systems. The vacuum system of a fusion device provides the thermal insulation environment for cryogenic superconductivity in the fusion reactor, a clean environment for the high-temperature plasma fusion reaction, and ensures efficient fuel recycling; it is fundamental to the continuous operation of the fusion reaction. The cryogenic pump is one of the core vacuum pumps in the vacuum system, primarily used to remove impurity gases during plasma operation, mainly including hydrogen isotopes, helium, and other impurity gases; and to provide high-speed venting for the vacuum chamber during plasma operation intervals (such as wall treatment and background evacuation stages).

[0003] Fusion cryogenic pumps, due to their high cooling capacity requirements, utilize cryogenic helium as a cold source, necessitating the supply of 4.5K liquid helium and 80K gaseous helium. Furthermore, to meet the regeneration needs of the cryogenic pump, a higher-temperature gaseous helium is also required as a regeneration gas. Currently, there is no cryogenic valve box in the relevant technology capable of achieving cryogenic distribution for fusion cryogenic pumps. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least solve one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, one objective of this invention is to provide a cryogenic distribution system for a fusion reactor cryogenic pump. This system, by setting up helium source supply and recovery paths at multiple temperature levels, can effectively meet the medium requirements of the cryogenic pump under all operating conditions, ensuring the reliability of the cryogenic pump's operation.

[0005] The present invention also aims to provide a nuclear fusion device that utilizes the cryogenic distribution system of the aforementioned fusion reactor cryogenic pump.

[0006] A cryogenic distribution system for a fusion reactor cryogenic pump according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a valve box; a cold shield disposed within the valve box and forming a receiving space; a cryogenic pump disposed outside the valve box and having an adsorption plate cooling channel and a heat shield cooling channel; a 4.5K helium supply pipeline disposed within the receiving space and connected to the inlet of the adsorption plate cooling channel; a 4.5K helium recovery pipeline disposed within the receiving space and connected to the outlet of the adsorption plate cooling channel; an 80K helium supply pipeline disposed within the receiving space and connected to the inlet of the heat shield cooling channel, the 80K helium supply pipeline having a first branch and a second branch, the first branch being connected to the inlet of the cooling channel of the cold shield, and the second branch being connected to the 4.5K helium supply pipeline; and an 80K helium recovery pipeline disposed within the receiving space and connected to the outlet of the heat shield cooling channel, the 80K helium recovery pipeline having a first branch and a second branch, the first branch being connected to the inlet of the cooling channel of the cold shield, and the second branch being connected to the 4.5K helium supply pipeline; and an 80K helium recovery pipeline disposed within the receiving space and connected to the outlet of the heat shield cooling channel, the 80K helium recovery pipeline having a first branch and a second branch, the first branch being connected to the inlet of the cooling channel of the cold shield, and the second branch being connected to the 4.5K helium supply pipeline; and an 80K helium recovery pipeline disposed within the receiving space and connected to the outlet of the cooling channel of the heat shield ... The system includes a third branch line connected to the cooling channel outlet of the cold shield, and the 80K helium recovery pipeline connected to the 4.5K helium recovery pipeline via a first pipeline; a vacuum pump assembly located outside and connected to the valve box; a vacuum pump located outside the valve box connected to the adsorption plate cooling channel via a second pipeline and to the heat shield plate cooling channel via a third pipeline; and a vacuum gauge located outside and connected to the valve box. The second branch line has a first valve, the 4.5K helium supply pipeline has a second valve, the 4.5K helium recovery pipeline has a third valve, the 80K helium supply pipeline has a fourth valve, the 80K helium recovery pipeline has a fifth valve, the first pipeline has a sixth valve, the first branch line has a seventh valve, the third branch line has an eighth valve, the second pipeline has a ninth valve, and the third pipeline has a tenth valve.

[0007] The cryogenic distribution system of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump according to an embodiment of the present invention achieves precise temperature control of the adsorption plate and thermal shield plate inside the cryogenic pump by setting up helium source supply and recovery paths at multiple temperature levels. This effectively meets the medium requirements of the cryogenic pump under all operating conditions, thereby meeting the requirement for efficient removal of impurity gases during fusion reactor operation. At the same time, through the coordinated control of various valves, different operating modes can be flexibly switched, enabling the adsorption plate to circulate adsorption and desorption of impurity gases, thus improving the reliability of the cryogenic distribution system of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump.

[0008] In some embodiments of the present invention, the cryogenic distribution system of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump further includes: a regeneration heat exchange box, located outside the valve box and having a first helium source, a second helium source, and a third helium source. The first helium source is a room temperature helium source, the temperature of the second helium source is greater than the temperature of the first helium source, and the temperature of the third helium source is greater than 80K and less than the temperature of the second helium source. The second helium source is connected to the 4.5K helium supply pipeline through a fourth pipeline, the third helium source is connected to the 4.5K helium recovery pipeline through a fifth pipeline, the first helium source is connected to the fourth pipeline through a sixth pipeline, the fourth pipeline is connected to the 80K helium supply pipeline through a seventh pipeline, and the fifth pipeline is connected to the 80K helium recovery pipeline through an eighth pipeline. The fourth pipeline, located downstream of the seventh pipeline, has an eleventh valve; the eighth pipeline has a twelfth valve; the fifth pipeline has a thirteenth valve; the seventh pipeline has a fourteenth valve; the sixth pipeline has a fifteenth valve; and the fourth pipeline, located near the second helium source, has a sixteenth valve.

[0009] In some embodiments of the present invention, the vacuum pump is connected to the third helium source via a ninth pipeline.

[0010] In some embodiments of the present invention, the first helium source is a 300K-325K helium source, the second helium source is a 420K-500K helium source, and the third helium source is a 100K-500K helium source.

[0011] In some embodiments of the present invention, the second pipeline and the third pipeline are located inside the valve box and outside the accommodating space.

[0012] In some embodiments of the present invention, the cryogenic distribution system of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump further includes a safety valve, the safety valve being connected to the valve box.

[0013] In some embodiments of the present invention, a recovery device is connected to the end of the safety valve.

[0014] According to embodiments of the present invention, a nuclear fusion device is also provided, comprising a cryogenic distribution system for a cryogenic pump of a fusion reactor as described above.

[0015] The nuclear fusion device according to embodiments of the present invention can achieve efficient and stable removal of impurity gases from the vacuum chamber of the nuclear fusion device, providing a clean vacuum environment for the stable operation of plasma and improving the reliability of the nuclear fusion device.

[0016] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0017] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily understood from the description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cryogenic distribution system of a fusion reactor cryogenic pump provided in some embodiments of the present invention.

[0019] Figure label:

[0020] 100. Cryogenic distribution system for cryogenic pumps in fusion reactors;

[0021] 10. Valve box; 20. Cold shield;

[0022] 30. Cryogenic pump; 31. Adsorption plate cooling channel; 311. Adsorption plate; 32. Heat shield plate cooling channel; 321. Heat shield plate;

[0023] 40. 4.5K helium supply line; 41. Second valve; 50. 4.5K helium recovery line; 51. Third valve;

[0024] 60, 80K helium supply pipeline; 61, first branch; 611, seventh valve; 62, second branch; 621, first valve; 63, fourth valve; 70, 80K helium recovery pipeline; 71, third branch; 711, eighth valve; 72, fifth valve; 80, vacuum pump assembly; 90, vacuum pump;

[0025] 110. Vacuum gauge; 120. First pipeline; 121. Sixth valve; 130. Second pipeline; 131. Ninth valve; 140. Third pipeline; 141. Tenth valve; 150. Regeneration heat exchanger; 151. First helium source; 152. Second helium source; 153. Third helium source; 160. Fourth pipeline; 161. Sixteenth valve; 162. Eleventh valve; 170. Fifth pipeline; 171. Thirteenth valve; 180. Sixth pipeline; 181. Fifteenth valve; 190. Seventh pipeline; 191. Fourteenth valve; 200. Eighth pipeline; 201. Twelfth valve; 210. Ninth pipeline; 220. Safety valve; 221. Recovery device. Detailed Implementation

[0026] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0027] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0028] Furthermore, features specified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the same feature, used to distinguish and describe features, without any order or distinction of importance.

[0029] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0030] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] The following is for reference. Figure 1 This describes a cryogenic distribution system 100 for a cryogenic pump in a fusion reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, the cryogenic distribution system 100 of the cryogenic pump for the fusion reactor in this embodiment of the invention includes: a valve box 10, a cold shield 20, a cryogenic pump 30, a 4.5K helium supply pipeline 40, a 4.5K helium recovery pipeline 50, an 80K helium supply pipeline 60, an 80K helium recovery pipeline 70, a vacuum pump group 80, a vacuum pump 90, and a vacuum gauge 110.

[0033] A cold shield 20 is located inside the valve box 10 and forms a receiving space. A cryogenic pump 30 is located outside the valve box 10 and has an adsorption plate cooling channel 31 and a heat shield plate cooling channel 32. A 4.5K helium supply line 40 is located within the receiving space and connects to the inlet of the adsorption plate cooling channel 31. A 4.5K helium recovery line 50 is located within the receiving space and connects to the outlet of the adsorption plate cooling channel 31. An 80K helium supply line 60 is located within the containment space and connects to the inlet of the heat shield cooling channel 32. The 80K helium supply line 60 has a first branch 61 and a second branch 62. The first branch 61 connects to the inlet of the cooling channel of the cold shield 20, and the second branch 62 connects to the 4.5K helium supply line 40. An 80K helium recovery line 70 is located within the containment space and connects to the outlet of the heat shield cooling channel 32. The 80K helium recovery line 70 has a third branch 71, which connects to the outlet of the cooling channel of the cold shield 20. The 80K helium recovery line 70 is also connected to the 4.5K helium recovery line 50 via a first line 120. A vacuum pump assembly 80 is located outside the valve box 10 and connects to the valve box 10. A vacuum pump 90 is located outside the valve box 10 and connects to the adsorption plate cooling channel 31 via a second line 130 and to the heat shield cooling channel 32 via a third line 140. Vacuum gauge 110 is located outside and connected to valve box 10; wherein, the second branch 62 is equipped with a first valve 621, the 4.5K helium supply line 40 is equipped with a second valve 41, the 4.5K helium recovery line 50 is equipped with a third valve 51, the 80K helium supply line 60 is equipped with a fourth valve 63, the 80K helium recovery line 70 is equipped with a fifth valve 72, and the first line 120 is equipped with a sixth valve 121. The first branch 61 is equipped with a seventh valve 611. The third branch 71 is equipped with an eighth valve 711, the second line 130 is equipped with a ninth valve 131, and the third line 140 is equipped with a tenth valve 141.

[0034] Valve box 10 can refer to a housing used to install internal components, and its shape can be, but is not limited to, a cylinder, a cuboid, or an irregular shape. Valve box 10 can be made of stainless steel and serves as a vacuum container to isolate gases.

[0035] The "cooling screen 20" can refer to a component that isolates the external environment from internal components and prevents heat exchange. Its structure is known to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0036] The cryogenic pump 30 refers to a component used in fusion devices to remove impurity gases during plasma operation. These impurity gases mainly include hydrogen isotope gases, helium, and other impurity gases. Simultaneously, the cryogenic pump 30 can provide high-speed pumping and venting capabilities for the vacuum chamber during plasma operation intervals (such as wall treatment and background evacuation). The cryogenic pump 30 has an adsorption plate cooling channel 31 and a heat shield cooling channel 32. The adsorption plate cooling channel 31 is equipped with an adsorption plate 311, and the heat shield cooling channel 32 is equipped with a heat shield 321. By introducing helium at appropriate temperatures into the adsorption plate cooling channel 31 and the heat shield cooling channel 32, impurity gases generated during plasma operation can be adsorbed.

[0037] The 4.5K helium supply line 40 can be a line that supplies 4.5K helium to the adsorption plate cooling channel 31, and the 4.5K helium recovery line 50 can be a line that recovers 4.5K helium from the adsorption plate cooling channel 31. The 4.5K helium supply line 40 and the 4.5K helium recovery line 50 together constitute the 4.5K helium circulation path of the adsorption plate 311.

[0038] The 80K helium supply line 60 can be a line that supplies 80K helium to the cooling channel 32 of the heat shield plate. The 80K helium supply line 60 has a first branch 61 and a second branch 62. The first branch 61 is connected to the cooling channel inlet of the cold screen 20 and can supply 80K helium to the cold screen 20 for cooling. The second branch 62 is connected to the 4.5K helium supply line 40 and can supply 80K helium to the cooling channel 31 of the adsorption plate for rapid desorption of hydrogen and its isotopes as well as fusion product helium from the adsorption plate 311.

[0039] The 80K helium recovery pipeline 70 can refer to a pipeline that recovers 80K helium from the cooling channel 32 of the heat shield plate. The 80K helium recovery pipeline 70 is provided with a third branch 71, which is connected to the cooling channel outlet of the cold screen 20 for recovering 80K helium in the cold screen 20. The 80K helium recovery pipeline 70 is also connected to the 4.5K helium recovery pipeline 50 through the first pipeline 120 for recovering 80K helium after rapid regeneration by the adsorption plate 311.

[0040] Vacuum pump assembly 80 can refer to a combined evacuation device that provides a vacuum and thermal insulation environment for valve box 10. Vacuum pump assembly 80 can also refer to a combined device consisting of multiple vacuum pumps 90, which can be connected in series and work together.

[0041] Vacuum pump 90 can refer to a component used to extract gas from the adsorption plate cooling channel 31 and the heat shield cooling channel 32. Before the first use, cryogenic pump 30 mainly extracts atmospheric gas from the adsorption plate cooling channel 31 and the heat shield cooling channel 32 and discharges it directly into the air. After regeneration, cryogenic pump 30 mainly extracts room temperature or 470K helium gas from the pipeline into the regeneration heat exchange box 150.

[0042] Vacuum gauge 110 can refer to a component used to monitor the vacuum level inside valve box 10, providing data for the start and stop of vacuum pump unit 80.

[0043] Among them, the first valve 621, the second valve 41, the third valve 51, the fourth valve 63, the fifth valve 72, the sixth valve 121, the seventh valve 611, the eighth valve 711, the ninth valve 131, and the tenth valve 141 are used to open or close the corresponding pipelines or branches.

[0044] refer to Figure 1 After the valve box 10 is manufactured and connected, the valve box 10 is evacuated to a vacuum insulated environment by the vacuum pump set 80. Pa). At this time, all cryogenic valves inside the valve box 10 are closed. After being connected to the internal pipeline of the cryogenic pump 30, the vacuum pump 90 can evacuate and flush the adsorption plate cooling channel 31 and the heat shield plate cooling channel 32 of the cryogenic pump 30 to reduce impurities other than helium.

[0045] When the cryogenic pump 30 needs to be cooled, first open the fourth valve 63, the fifth valve 72, the seventh valve 611, and the eighth valve 711 to cool the heat shield plate 321 inside the cryogenic pump 30 and the cold shield 20 inside the valve box 10. When the preset temperature is reached, open the second cryogenic valve 41 and the third valve 51 to cool the adsorption plate 311 inside the cryogenic pump 30 until the adsorption plate 311 is stable at 4.5K.

[0046] When the adsorption plate 311 inside the cryogenic pump 30 becomes saturated, it needs to be rapidly regenerated. First, close the second valve 41 and the third valve 51, and open the first cryogenic valve 621 and the sixth cryogenic valve 121 to allow 80K helium gas to rapidly regenerate the adsorption plate 311. This allows hydrogen and its isotopes, as well as the fusion product helium, to quickly desorb from the adsorption plate 311 and be drawn out from the cryogenic pump regeneration pipeline. After the rapid regeneration of the cryogenic plate of the cryogenic pump 30 is complete, close the first valve 621 and open the second valve 41 to allow 4.5K liquid helium to cool the adsorption plate 311 again. When the adsorption plate 311 reaches 4.5K, close the sixth valve 121 and open the third valve 51 to allow the cryogenic pump 30 to continue operating.

[0047] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cryogenic distribution system 100 of the cryogenic pump for a fusion reactor achieves precise temperature control of the adsorption plate 311 and the heat shield plate 321 inside the cryogenic pump 30 by setting up helium source supply and recovery paths at multiple temperature levels. This effectively meets the medium requirements of the cryogenic pump 30 under all operating conditions, thereby meeting the requirement for efficient removal of impurity gases during the operation of the fusion reactor. At the same time, through the coordinated control of various valves, different operating modes can be flexibly switched, enabling the adsorption plate 311 to cyclically adsorb and desorb impurity gases, thereby improving the reliability of the cryogenic distribution system 100 of the cryogenic pump for the fusion reactor.

[0048] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1 The cryogenic distribution system 100 of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump also includes a regeneration heat exchange box 150. The regeneration heat exchange box 150 is located outside the valve box 10 and has a first helium source 151, a second helium source 152, and a third helium source 153. The first helium source 151 is a room temperature helium source. The temperature of the second helium source 152 is higher than the temperature of the first helium source 151. The temperature of the third helium source 153 is greater than 80K and lower than the temperature of the second helium source 152. The second helium source 152 is connected to a 4.5K helium supply pipeline 40 through a fourth pipeline 160. The third helium source 153 is connected to a 4.5K helium recovery pipeline 50 through a fifth pipeline 170. The first helium source 151... The fourth pipeline 160 is connected to the sixth pipeline 180. The fourth pipeline 160 is connected to the 80K helium supply pipeline 60 via the seventh pipeline 190. The fifth pipeline 170 is connected to the 80K helium recovery pipeline 70 via the eighth pipeline 200. Among them, the fourth pipeline 160 is equipped with an eleventh valve 162 at the end of the seventh pipeline 190, the eighth pipeline 200 is equipped with a twelfth valve 201, the fifth pipeline 170 is equipped with a thirteenth valve 171, the seventh pipeline 190 is equipped with a fourteenth valve 191, the sixth pipeline 180 is equipped with a fifteenth valve 181, and the fourth pipeline 160 is equipped with a sixteenth valve 161 at the end near the second helium source 152.

[0049] Among them, the eleventh valve 162, the twelfth valve 201, the thirteenth valve 171, the fourteenth valve 191, the fifteenth valve 181, and the sixteenth valve 161 are used to open or close the corresponding pipelines. As described above, the valves mentioned in this embodiment are all kept closed under normal conditions.

[0050] The regeneration heat exchange box 150 can be a source of helium at ambient and high temperatures, and provides a regeneration gas source for the cryogenic pump 30 during regeneration and recovers the regeneration gas source through the valve box 10.

[0051] refer to Figure 1The first helium source 151 can be a 300K helium source, the second helium source 152 is a 470K helium source, and the third helium source 153 is a 100K-470K helium source. When the pumping speed of the cryogenic pump 30 decreases for easily condensable gases (excluding hydrogen and its isotopes and helium), the entire cryogenic pump 30 needs to be regenerated. The second valve 41, the third valve 51, the fourth valve 63, and the fifth valve 72 are closed, while the ambient temperature valve 151 and the cryogenic valves 111, 1201, and 141 are opened. This allows 300K helium to regenerate the adsorption plate 311 and the heat shield plate 321, enabling gases other than water vapor to be completely desorbed from inside the cryogenic pump 30 and extracted from the cryogenic pump regeneration pipeline. The regenerated loop gas from the heat shield plate 321 returns directly to the regeneration heat exchange box 150 via the twelfth valve 201. For the regenerated loop gas from the adsorption plate 311, energy-saving recycling and reuse must be considered. When the loop gas temperature (adsorption plate 311 temperature) is between 4.5K and 80K, the sixth valve 121 is opened, allowing the loop gas to enter the 80K helium loop. When the loop gas temperature is higher than 80K, the sixth valve 121 is closed, and the cryogenic valve thirteenth valve 171 is opened, allowing the loop gas to enter the regeneration heat exchange box 150. This process continues until the adsorption plate 311 and the heat shield return to room temperature of 300K, at which point the fourteenth valve 191, fifteenth valve 181, eleventh valve 162, twelfth valve 201, and thirteenth valve 171 are closed.

[0052] If the cryogenic pump 30 is exposed to air for an extended period or if there is a water leak in the fusion device, a deep regeneration of the entire cryogenic pump 30 is required before restarting. First, regenerate the entire cryogenic pump 30 as described above. After the adsorption plate 311 and the heat shield plate 321 return to room temperature of 300K, close the fifteenth valve 181 and open the room temperature valve 161 to allow 470K helium gas to regenerate the adsorption plate 311 and the heat shield plate 321. This allows all gases, including water vapor, to be completely desorbed from the inside of the cryogenic pump 30, and then extracted from the cryogenic pump regeneration pipeline. After the adsorption plate 311 and the heat shield plate 321 have stabilized at 470K for one hour, close the fourteenth valve 191, the sixteenth valve 161, the eleventh valve 162, the twelfth valve 201, and the thirteenth valve 171.

[0053] After cryogenic pump 30 has undergone regeneration and deep regeneration, vacuum pump 90 needs to be turned on to open valves 141 (tenth valve) and 131 (ninth valve) to evacuate the internal piping of cryogenic pump 30. This is to prevent a violent reaction between the cryogenic liquid and 300K or 470K gas during subsequent cooling, which could damage the internal piping and cause leaks. After evacuating for 30 minutes or until cryogenic pump 30 has cooled to room temperature, valves 141 (tenth valve), 131 (ninth valve), and vacuum pump 90 can be closed, and the normal cooling process described above can then be resumed.

[0054] In the above technical solution, when the cryogenic pump 30 needs to be regenerated for easily condensable gases (excluding hydrogen and its isotopes and helium), the first helium source 151 can be used to reheat the adsorption plate 311 and the heat shield plate 321 through the fifth pipeline 170, the eighth pipeline 200 and other paths, so as to promote the desorption of impurity gases and improve the reliability of the cryogenic distribution system 100 of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump. When the cryogenic pump 30 is exposed to air for a long time or the nuclear fusion device leaks water, and deep regeneration is required to remove stubborn gases such as water vapor, the second helium source 152 with a higher temperature can be used to introduce high temperature helium through the fourth pipeline 160 and other paths, so that all gases including water vapor can be completely desorbed from the inside of the cryogenic pump 30, further improving the reliability of the cryogenic distribution system 100 of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump. Meanwhile, the installation of the third helium source 153 and the ingenious connection between the various pipelines help to achieve the cascade utilization and recovery of energy during the regeneration process, avoid waste, and improve the energy efficiency of the cryogenic distribution system 100 of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump.

[0055] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1 Vacuum pump 90 is connected to the third helium source 153 through the ninth pipeline 210.

[0056] In the above technical solution, the vacuum pump 90 is connected to the third helium source 153 through the ninth pipeline 210. When the adsorption plate cooling channel 31 and the heat shield plate cooling channel 32 are evacuated, the residual helium in the channel can be effectively guided to the third helium source 153 for recovery, avoiding unnecessary waste of helium resources, improving the helium utilization rate of the cryogenic distribution system 100 of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump, and reducing operating costs.

[0057] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1 The first helium source 151 is a 300K-325K helium source, the second helium source 152 is a 420K-500K helium source, and the third helium source 153 is a 100K-500K helium source.

[0058] In the above technical solution, the first helium source 151 is a 300K-325K helium source, which can meet the requirement of preliminary warming of the adsorption plate 311 and the heat shield plate 321 during the routine regeneration of the cryogenic pump 30, enabling most easily condensable gases (except hydrogen and its isotopes, helium, and water vapor) to desorb. The second helium source 152 is a 420K-500K high-temperature helium source, whose temperature is significantly higher than that of the first helium source 151. It is activated when the cryogenic pump 30 needs deep regeneration due to prolonged exposure to air or water leakage in the nuclear fusion device, and can provide sufficient heat to desorb stubborn water. Impurities such as vapor are completely desorbed from the cryogenic pump 30. The temperature range of the third helium source 153 is set between 100K and 500K. This temperature range is higher than the temperature of helium at 80K but lower than the high temperature of the second helium source 152. This allows it to effectively participate in the helium recovery and heat exchange process after the adsorption plate 311 is regenerated, while avoiding adverse effects on subsequent pipelines or equipment due to excessive temperature. Through the synergistic cooperation of these three helium sources with different temperature levels, the temperature requirements of the cryogenic pump 30 in different regeneration scenarios can be accurately met, improving regeneration efficiency and thoroughness.

[0059] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1 The second pipe 130 and the third pipe 140 are located inside the valve box 10 but outside the containment space.

[0060] In the above technical solution, the second pipeline 130 and the third pipeline 140 are located inside the valve box 10 and outside the containment space, which can effectively solve the risk of high and low temperature switching when the cryogenic pump 30 is regenerated and the coolant is reintroduced, and improve the reliability of the cryogenic distribution system 100 of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump.

[0061] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1 The cryogenic distribution system 100 of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump also includes a safety valve 220, which is connected to the valve box 10.

[0062] In the above technical solution, the safety valve 220 is a safety explosion-proof device for the valve box 10. When the pipeline or valve in the valve box 10 leaks, the pressure inside the valve box 10 will change from negative pressure to positive pressure, creating a safety hazard. The function of the safety valve 220 is to automatically open when the pressure inside the valve box 10 exceeds the safety pressure of the safety valve 220, so as to discharge the leaked gas into the recovery device 221, thereby improving the reliability of the cryogenic distribution system 100 of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump.

[0063] In some embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to Figure 1 The end of the safety valve 220 is connected to a recovery device 221.

[0064] In the above technical solution, the end of the safety valve 220 is connected to a recovery device 221, which is used to discharge the leaked gas to the recovery device 221, so as to avoid the leaked gas being directly discharged into the atmosphere, causing environmental pollution and resource waste, realizing the recovery and reuse of the leaked gas, and further improving the environmental protection and economy of the cryogenic distribution system 100 of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump.

[0065] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a nuclear fusion device is also provided, including a cryogenic distribution system 100 of the cryogenic pump of the fusion reactor in any of the preceding embodiments.

[0066] The nuclear fusion device according to embodiments of the present invention can achieve efficient and stable removal of impurity gases from the vacuum chamber of the nuclear fusion device, providing a clean vacuum environment for the stable operation of plasma and improving the reliability of the nuclear fusion device.

[0067] The following is combined Figure 1 This describes a specific embodiment of the cryogenic distribution system 100 of the cryogenic pump for a fusion reactor according to the present invention.

[0068] The cryogenic distribution system 100 of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump includes: valve box 10, cold shield 20, cryogenic pump 30, 4.5K helium supply pipeline 40, 4.5K helium recovery pipeline 50, 80K helium supply pipeline 60, 80K helium recovery pipeline 70, vacuum pump group 80, vacuum pump 90, vacuum gauge 110, regeneration heat exchange box 150, safety valve 220, first pipeline 120, second pipeline 130, third pipeline 140, fourth pipeline 160, fifth pipeline 170, sixth pipeline 180, seventh pipeline 190, eighth pipeline 200, and ninth pipeline 210.

[0069] The cold shield 20 is located inside the valve box 10 and forms a receiving space.

[0070] The cryogenic pump 30 is located outside the valve box 10 and has an adsorption plate cooling channel 31 and a heat shield plate cooling channel 32.

[0071] A 4.5K helium supply line 40 is located within the containment space and is connected to the inlet of the adsorption plate cooling channel 31.

[0072] A 4.5K helium recovery pipeline 50 is located within the containment space and is connected to the outlet of the adsorption plate cooling channel 31.

[0073] An 80K helium supply line 60 is located within the containment space and is connected to the inlet of the cooling channel 32 of the heat shield plate. The 80K helium supply line 60 has a first branch 61 and a second branch 62. The first branch 61 is connected to the inlet of the cooling channel of the cold screen 20, and the second branch 62 is connected to the 4.5K helium supply line 40.

[0074] The 80K helium recovery pipeline 70 is located within the containment space and is connected to the outlet of the cooling channel 32 of the heat shield plate. The 80K helium recovery pipeline 70 is provided with a third branch 71, which is connected to the outlet of the cooling channel of the cold screen 20. The 80K helium recovery pipeline 70 is also connected to the 4.5K helium recovery pipeline 50 through the first pipeline 120.

[0075] Vacuum pump unit 80 is located outside valve box 10 and connected to valve box 10.

[0076] The vacuum pump 90 is located outside the valve box 10 and is connected to the adsorption plate cooling channel 31 via the second pipe 130 and the heat shield plate cooling channel 32 via the third pipe 140. The vacuum pump 90 is also connected to the third helium source 153 via the ninth pipe 210.

[0077] Vacuum gauge 110 is located outside valve box 10 and is connected to valve box 10.

[0078] The regeneration heat exchanger 150 is located outside the valve box 10 and has a first helium source 151, a second helium source 152, and a third helium source 153. The first helium source 151 is a 300K helium source, the second helium source 152 is a 470K helium source, and the third helium source 153 is a 100K-470K helium source. The second helium source 152 is connected to a 4.5K helium supply pipeline 40 via a fourth pipeline 160, and the third helium source 153 is connected to a 4.5K helium recovery pipeline 50 via a fifth pipeline 170. The first helium source 151 is connected to the fourth pipeline 160 via a sixth pipeline 180, the fourth pipeline 160 is connected to an 80K helium supply pipeline 60 via a seventh pipeline 190, and the fifth pipeline 170 is connected to an 80K helium recovery pipeline 70 via an eighth pipeline 200.

[0079] Among them, the second branch line 62 is equipped with a first valve 621, the 4.5K helium supply line 40 is equipped with a second valve 41, the 4.5K helium recovery line 50 is equipped with a third valve 51, the 80K helium supply line 60 is equipped with a fourth valve 63, the 80K helium recovery line 70 is equipped with a fifth valve 72, the first line 120 is equipped with a sixth valve 121; the first branch line 61 is equipped with a seventh valve 611; the third branch line 71 is equipped with an eighth valve 711; the second line 130 is equipped with a ninth valve 131; the third line 140 is equipped with a tenth valve 141; the fourth line 160, located downstream of the seventh line 190, is equipped with an eleventh valve 162; the eighth line 200 is equipped with a twelfth valve 201; the fifth line 170 is equipped with a thirteenth valve 171; the seventh line 190 is equipped with a fourteenth valve 191; the sixth line 180 is equipped with a fifteenth valve 181; and the fourth line 160, located upstream of the second helium source 152, is equipped with a sixteenth valve 161.

[0080] The second pipe 130 and the third pipe 140 are located inside the valve box 10 but outside the containment space.

[0081] Safety valve 220 is connected to valve box 10 and its end is connected to recovery device 221.

[0082] The cryogenic distribution system 100 of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump in the above embodiment, through a corresponding cryogenic valve box design, can be matched with cryogenic valve boxes suitable for future fusion cryogenic pumps. The design of the cryogenic distribution system inside the cryogenic valve box effectively meets the media requirements of the fusion cryogenic pump under all operating conditions. The design of an external vacuum pump 90 effectively solves the risk of high and low temperature switching when the cryogenic pump 30 is regenerated and then re-introduced with coolant, improving the operational reliability of the cryogenic pump 30.

[0083] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "some embodiments," "optionally," "furthermore," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0084] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A cryogenic distribution system for a fusion reactor cryogenic pump, characterized in that, include: Valve box; A cold shield is provided inside the valve box and forms a receiving space; A cryogenic pump is located outside the valve box and has an adsorption plate cooling channel and a heat shield plate cooling channel. A 4.5K helium supply line is located within the containment space and connected to the inlet of the adsorption plate cooling channel; A 4.5K helium recovery pipeline is located within the containment space and connected to the outlet of the adsorption plate cooling channel; An 80K helium supply pipeline is provided within the containment space and connected to the inlet of the cooling channel of the heat shield plate. The 80K helium supply pipeline has a first branch and a second branch. The first branch is connected to the inlet of the cooling channel of the cold shield plate, and the second branch is connected to the 4.5K helium supply pipeline. An 80K helium recovery pipeline is provided within the containment space and connected to the outlet of the cooling channel of the heat shield plate. The 80K helium recovery pipeline has a third branch, which is connected to the outlet of the cooling channel of the cold shield. The 80K helium recovery pipeline is also connected to the 4.5K helium recovery pipeline through a first pipeline. A vacuum pump assembly is located outside the valve box and connected to the valve box; A vacuum pump is located outside the valve box and is connected to the cooling channel of the adsorption plate via a second pipe and to the cooling channel of the heat shield plate via a third pipe. A vacuum gauge is located outside the valve box and is connected to the valve box; The second branch is equipped with a first valve, the 4.5K helium supply line is equipped with a second valve, the 4.5K helium recovery line is equipped with a third valve, the 80K helium supply line is equipped with a fourth valve, the 80K helium recovery line is equipped with a fifth valve, the first line is equipped with a sixth valve, the first branch is equipped with a seventh valve, the third branch is equipped with an eighth valve, the second line is equipped with a ninth valve, and the third line is equipped with a tenth valve.

2. The cryogenic distribution system of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A regenerative heat exchanger is located outside the valve box and has a first helium source, a second helium source, and a third helium source. The first helium source is a room temperature helium source. The temperature of the second helium source is greater than the temperature of the first helium source. The temperature of the third helium source is greater than 80K and less than the temperature of the second helium source. The second helium source is connected to the 4.5K helium supply pipeline through a fourth pipeline. The third helium source is connected to the 4.5K helium recovery pipeline through a fifth pipeline. The first helium source is connected to the fourth pipeline through a sixth pipeline. The fourth pipeline is connected to the 80K helium supply pipeline through a seventh pipeline. The fifth pipeline is connected to the 80K helium recovery pipeline through an eighth pipeline. The fourth pipeline is equipped with an eleventh valve at the downstream end of the seventh pipeline, the eighth pipeline is equipped with a twelfth valve, the fifth pipeline is equipped with a thirteenth valve, the seventh pipeline is equipped with a fourteenth valve, the sixth pipeline is equipped with a fifteenth valve, and the fourth pipeline is equipped with a sixteenth valve at the upstream end near the second helium source.

3. The cryogenic distribution system of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump according to claim 2, characterized in that, The vacuum pump is connected to the third helium source via the ninth pipeline.

4. The cryogenic distribution system of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first helium source is a 300K-325K helium source, the second helium source is a 420K-500K helium source, and the third helium source is a 100K-500K helium source.

5. The cryogenic distribution system of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second pipeline and the third pipeline are located inside the valve box and outside the accommodating space.

6. The cryogenic distribution system of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A safety valve, which is connected to the valve box.

7. The cryogenic distribution system of the fusion reactor cryogenic pump according to claim 6, characterized in that, The safety valve is connected to a recovery device at its end.

8. A nuclear fusion device, characterized in that, A cryogenic distribution system including a cryogenic pump for a fusion reactor as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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