Integrated absorption and degradation device based on carbon capture absorbent, use method and absorbent efficiency determination method

Abstract

The invention provides an integrated absorption and degradation device based on a carbon capture absorbent, a use method and an absorbent efficiency determination method. The integrated absorption and degradation device comprises a control panel, a condensing device, an absorption tank and a degradation reaction kettle, the condensing device comprises a condensing cavity and a condensing device, and the condensing device is connected to the condensing cavity; the absorption tank comprises an absorption device water cavity and an absorption device absorbent cavity; the condensation cavity is respectively connected with the absorption device water cavity and the absorption device absorbent cavity through pipelines; the degradation reaction kettle comprises a pressure gauge, a degradation reaction kettle body, a gas ball valve, a liquid phase ball valve and a magnetic stirrer; the gas ball valve and the pressure gauge are connected to the degradation reaction kettle, and the magnetic stirrer is arranged at the bottom of the degradation reaction kettle. The two degradation reaction kettles of the integrated absorption and degradation device provided by the embodiment of the invention can be used for respectively carrying out thermal degradation and oxidative degradation treatment on barren liquor and rich liquor which are subjected to absorption and layering, so that the whole-process operation of degrading two carbon capture absorbents is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of carbon capture technology, specifically to an integrated absorption and degradation device based on a carbon capture absorbent, its usage method, and a method for determining the absorbent's effectiveness. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) has become an international consensus for rapidly reducing carbon dioxide emissions in a short period. Carbon capture technology has received widespread attention due to its excellent ability to mitigate climate change. Post-combustion capture technology, requiring only the addition of a CO2 capture device after the existing system with minimal changes, is highly anticipated for its suitability for flue gas capture in existing coal-fired power plants and is a crucial technology and indispensable component for achieving carbon neutrality and net-zero carbon emissions. The core advantage of chemical absorption for CO2 capture lies in its high capture efficiency and selectivity, achieving a capture rate of over 90% even for low-concentration flue gas and producing high-purity CO2. With its mature technological foundation and large-scale application capabilities, this method has become one of the most practically feasible carbon capture technologies currently available. The main advantages of chemical absorbents (such as MEAs) are their high reactivity and absorption capacity, enabling rapid and efficient CO2 capture. However, a significant drawback is their susceptibility to degradation, readily reacting with oxygen and SO2 in flue gas. x Impurities can undergo irreversible reactions, leading to absorbent failure, equipment corrosion, and increased operating costs. Therefore, investigating the thermal and oxidative degradation characteristics of absorbents is crucial for revealing the mechanisms underlying the decline in their CO2 capture capacity. Such research can not only elucidate the performance evolution of absorbents during the capture process but also, through analysis of reaction pathways, conversion products, and reaction kinetics, provide in-depth insights into their degradation reaction mechanisms.

[0003] Currently, carbon capture, absorption, and storage (CVC) technologies typically separate CO2 absorption and absorbent degradation / deposition processes within CVC experimental apparatus. However, this separation is complex, and absorbent contamination can occur during the transfer of the stratified lean / rich solutions. Therefore, a more integrated design is needed, integrating the absorption and degradation / deposition processes within the CVC system. Maintaining low pressure minimizes external gas interference, ensuring stable reactions within the tank and reducing fluctuations.

[0004] The existing technology has the following problems: (1) The absorption device is mostly made of metal or opaque material, forming a non-visual "black box system". Experimenters cannot directly observe the color change of the absorbent, the key dynamic stratification of the poor / rich liquid, etc. They can only rely on sensor information to distinguish the experimental situation based on experience, which lacks a lot of real-time information.

[0005] (2) Many existing devices use simple external heating tape or built-in heating rods, which have problems such as uneven temperature distribution, poor temperature control accuracy, and local overheating, affecting the repeatability and accuracy of absorption and degradation reactions.

[0006] (3) In terms of existing technology system integration, traditional systems are composed of various decentralized systems, lacking unified integration and central control. Experimenters need to manually adjust various parameters, and the repeatability and stability of data are difficult to guarantee.

[0007] (4) Most systems are equipped with only a single reaction vessel. When conducting the two key studies of thermal degradation and oxidative degradation, they need to be carried out in sequence, which greatly prolongs the experimental cycle.

[0008] Existing technologies CN202511199733.7 discloses a detection method for evaluating the interfacial oxidative degradation process of carbon capture chemical absorbents, and CN202510561300.5 discloses a method and measuring device for evaluating the degradation performance of carbon capture absorbents. Neither of these methods has a scheme that coordinates the design of a dual parallel degradation reactor (parallel processing of lean and rich liquids), a visualized quartz absorption tank, water bath circulating heating and integrated pressure / temperature control with a multi-dimensional weighted performance evaluation of CO2 capture rate, absorbent CO2 load, and lean and rich liquid degradation rate. Summary of the Invention In view of this, the embodiments of this specification provide an integrated absorption and degradation device based on a carbon capture absorbent, a method of use, and a method for determining the efficiency of the absorbent, so as to achieve the purpose of effectively absorbing and degrading CO2.

[0009] The embodiments in this specification provide the following technical solutions: An integrated absorption and degradation device based on a carbon capture and absorbent includes: Control panel, condenser, absorption tank, and degradation reactor; The condensing device includes a condensing chamber and a condensing device, with the condensing device connected to the condensing chamber; The absorption tank includes a water chamber for the absorption device and an absorbent chamber for the absorption device; The condensation chamber is connected to the water chamber and the absorbent chamber of the absorption device via pipelines. The degradation reactor includes a pressure gauge, a degradation reactor, a gas ball valve, a liquid ball valve, and a magnetic stirrer; The gas ball valve, gas ball valve and pressure gauge are all connected to the degradation reactor, and the magnetic stirrer is located at the bottom of the degradation reactor.

[0010] Furthermore, the integrated absorption and degradation device also includes a water bath heating device; The absorbent chamber of the absorption device is made of quartz material and includes an inner chamber and an outer chamber. The water bath heating device is connected to the cavity between the inner and outer cavities, and continuously pumps hot water into the cavity to circulate and heat the absorbent cavity of the absorption device.

[0011] Furthermore, the degradation reactor includes lean-liquid degradation reactors and rich-liquid degradation reactors connected in parallel. The rich liquid degradation reactor is used to store the rich liquid generated from the absorbent chamber of the absorption device after the absorbent undergoes phase change separation. The lean liquor degradation reactor is used to store the lean liquor generated from the absorbent chamber of the absorption device after the absorbent undergoes phase change separation.

[0012] Furthermore, the control panel includes a first pressure gauge, a second pressure gauge, a third pressure gauge, and an air circuit switch; Both the first pressure gauge and the third pressure gauge are connected to the water chamber of the absorption device. The first pressure gauge is used to monitor the pressure of N2 in the water chamber of the absorption device in real time, and the third pressure gauge is used to monitor the pressure of CO2 in the water chamber of the absorption device in real time. The second and third pressure gauges are both connected to the degradation reactor and are used to monitor the pressure of O2 and CO2 in the degradation reactor in real time. Gas circuit switches are installed at the inlet and outlet of the absorption tank, water bath heating device, and degradation reaction vessel.

[0013] A method for using an integrated absorption and degradation device to degrade CO2 includes the following steps: A mixture of N2 and CO2 is introduced into the water chamber of the absorption device to generate wet saturated gas. Wet saturated gas is introduced into the absorbent chamber of the absorption device, and the absorbent chamber is heated by a water bath heating device. CO2 is absorbed by the two-phase absorbent. The degree of CO2 absorption is detected by connecting the condensed water vapor from the condensation device to an external CO2 analyzer. The generated lean solution is fed into the lean solution degradation reactor, and the generated rich solution is fed into the rich solution degradation reactor.

[0014] A method for determining the effectiveness of an absorbent, comprising the following steps, using an integrated absorption and degradation device to assess the effectiveness of the absorbent: After placing the two-phase absorbent in the absorbent chamber of the absorption device in the absorption tank, start the integrated absorption and degradation device; Data were collected at the inlet and outlet of the absorbent chamber of the absorption device, and the CO2 capture rate was calculated. ,in, This represents the volume concentration of CO2 gas at the inlet. This represents the volume concentration of CO2 gas at the outlet. The absolute temperature of the inlet gas. The absolute temperature of the outlet gas; Calculate the CO2 loading of the absorbent solution , C represents the maximum solubility volume of CO2 in a given amine solvent. HCl This refers to the concentration of hydrochloric acid. The volume of hydrochloric acid used when the solution changes color is t, where t is room temperature; Calculate the degradation rate of the rich solution separately. and the degradation rate of the lean solution ,in, ; The CO2 capture rate, CO2 loading of the absorbent solution, and degradation rate of the rich solution were used to determine the optimal parameters. and the degradation rate of the lean solution Calculate the effectiveness of the absorbent.

[0015] Furthermore, the degradation rate of the rich solution was calculated separately. and the degradation rate of the lean solution ,include: ,in, The degradation rate of the absorbent in the rich solution. This refers to the concentration of the effective components in the absorbent rich solution after dilution 5000 times. Degradation after dilution 5000 times i The concentration of effective components in the absorbent solution after one week; ,in, The degradation rate of the absorbent in a lean solution. This represents the concentration of the effective components in the lean absorbent solution after dilution 5000 times. Degradation after dilution 5000 times i The concentration of effective components in the absorbent solution after one week.

[0016] Furthermore, the CO2 capture rate, CO2 loading of the absorbent solution, and degradation rate of the rich solution were analyzed. and the degradation rate of the lean solution Calculating the effectiveness of the absorbent includes: Obtain CO2 capture rate baseline value E 0. CO2 load baseline value β 0. Baseline value of degradation rate in rich liquid rich 0 and baseline values ​​for lean solution degradation rate poor 0; Set capture rate weights separately W 1. Load weight W 2. Weighting of degradation rate in rich liquid W 3 and weighting of degraded solution rate W 4; The effectiveness of the absorbent =W 1×( E CO2 / E 0) +W 2×( β / β 0)- W 3×( / rich 0)- W 4×( / poor 0).

[0017] Furthermore, it also includes: The effectiveness of the absorbent is determined by the degradation rates of the rich solution and the poor solution, including the following steps: In a rich liquid degradation reactor, thermal degradation and oxidative degradation reactions were carried out on the rich liquid to obtain the thermal degradation rate and oxidative degradation rate of the rich liquid. In a lean liquor degradation reactor, thermal degradation and oxidative degradation reactions were carried out on the lean liquor to obtain the thermal degradation rate and oxidative degradation rate of the lean liquor. The performance of the absorbent is determined by the thermal degradation rate of the rich solution, the oxidative degradation rate of the rich solution, the thermal degradation rate of the poor solution, the oxidative degradation rate of the poor solution, and the CO2 loading of the rich solution.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that at least one technical solution adopted in the embodiments of this specification can achieve include at least: The integrated absorption and degradation device of this invention is equipped with two degradation reaction vessels, which can simultaneously perform thermal degradation or oxidative degradation on the lean and rich solutions after absorption and stratification, realizing two carbon capture and degradation operations. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the integrated absorption and degradation device provided in this embodiment of the invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the absorbent chamber of the absorption device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the degradation reactor provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a structural block diagram of the integrated absorption and degradation device provided in the embodiments of the present invention; Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the CO2 degradation method and the method for determining the effectiveness of the absorbent provided in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] The attached diagram is labeled as follows: 1. Control panel; 11. First pressure gauge; 12. Second pressure gauge; 13. Third pressure gauge; 14. Gas line interface; 15. First gas line switch; 16. Display screen; 17. Second gas line switch; 2. Condensation device; 21. Condensation chamber; 22. Condensation device; 3. Absorption tank; 31. Water chamber of absorption device; 32. Absorbent chamber of absorption device; 321. Inner cavity; 322. Outer cavity; 4. Water bath heating device; 5. Degradation reactor; 51. Pressure gauge; 52. Degradation reactor; 53. Gas ball valve; 54. Liquid phase ball valve; 55. Magnetic stirrer; 6. Support frame. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0024] The embodiments of the present invention address the aforementioned pain points by constructing an intuitive, accurate, efficient, and reliable modern research platform through a series of means such as visual design, precise environmental simulation, integrated intelligent control, and parallel degradation experiments. This achieves a fundamental leap from the traditional "black box" experience model to the "white box" quantitative analysis model.

[0025] like Figure 1 As shown, an integrated carbon capture, absorption, and degradation device is provided. The device includes a control panel 1, a condensation device 2, an absorption tank 3, a water bath heating device 4, a degradation reaction vessel 5, and a support frame 6.

[0026] Control panel 1 is fixed on support frame 6 and placed on the left half of the system. It is directly connected to the gas circuit and controls the switch of each gas circuit. The internal pressure gauge directly displays the pressure of the mixed gas in absorption tank 3 and degradation reactor 5. The display screen can show the temperature in real time.

[0027] The first pressure gauge 11 and the third pressure gauge 13 are connected to the water chamber 31 of the absorption device, and can monitor the pressure of N2+CO2 in the water chamber 31 of the absorption device in real time.

[0028] The second pressure gauge 12 and the third pressure gauge 13 are connected to the degradation reactor 52 (lean solution degradation reactor and rich solution degradation reactor) and can monitor the pressure of O2+CO2 in the degradation reactor 52 in real time.

[0029] Gas interface 14 is the external gas port of the device, including O2 input port, CO2 input port, N2 input port, and CO2 output port after absorption.

[0030] The first gas circuit switch 15 includes an N2 switch, an O2 switch, a CO2 discharge switch, and an O2 switch.

[0031] The display screen 16 can monitor in real time the temperature of the water chamber 31 of the absorption device, the temperature of the absorbent chamber 32 of the absorption device, the temperature of the lean liquid degradation reactor and the rich liquid degradation reactor of the degradation reactor 52, and the temperature of the condensation chamber 21.

[0032] The second gas circuit switch 17 includes a water chamber circulating water pump switch, a water chamber temperature control switch, an absorbent chamber circulating water pump switch, an absorbent chamber temperature control switch, a condenser chamber circulating water pump switch, a condenser chamber refrigeration temperature control switch, a lean liquid degradation reactor temperature control switch, and a rich liquid degradation reactor temperature control switch.

[0033] The condenser 2 is fixed on the support frame 6 and is connected to the water chamber 31 and absorbent chamber 32 of the absorption device through pipelines.

[0034] The working process of condenser 2 is as follows: During CO2 absorption, the gas from the absorption unit is introduced into the condensation chamber 21. After being cooled by the condensation device 22, the moisture in the gas is condensed and precipitated, thus ensuring the dryness of the discharged gas. Subsequently, the dried and cooled gas is sent to an external CO2 analyzer for concentration detection. When the outlet CO2 concentration measured by the analyzer remains stable and no longer changes, it can be determined that the absorbent has reached saturation.

[0035] The water chamber 31 and absorbent chamber 32 of the absorption device are fixed on the support frame 6. The water chamber 31 mixes and absorbs N2 and CO2 until it reaches a wet saturation state, then introduces the absorbent chamber 32. Here, the wet saturated gas is absorbed using a laboratory-provided absorbent. The complete absorption within the absorption chamber is detected by monitoring the CO2 concentration. The absorbent chamber 32 is made of quartz, whose transparency allows for direct observation of the stratification of the lean / rich solution after absorption. Figure 2 As shown, the absorbent chamber 32 of the absorption device has a jacket structure, including an inner chamber 321 and an outer chamber 322. The heating system is provided by an external water bath heating device 4, which continuously pumps hot water into the outer chamber 322 of the jacket for circulating heating and discharges cooling water.

[0036] like Figure 3 As shown, the degradation reactor 5 includes a pressure gauge 51, a degradation reactor 52, a gas ball valve 53, a liquid ball valve 54, and a magnetic stirrer 55.

[0037] The degradation reactor 52 (comprising a lean-liquid degradation reactor and a rich-liquid degradation reactor) receives the rich liquid after complete absorption by the absorbent chamber 32 of the absorption device. The liquid is then piped to the lean-liquid and rich-liquid degradation reactors, respectively, controlled by ball valves. Oxygen is introduced into the reactors to initiate an oxidation degradation reaction. The internal pressure is monitored by a second pressure gauge 12 and a third pressure gauge 13, which observe the pressure when oxygen is introduced. A first gas circuit switch 15 controls whether oxygen is introduced. Pressure gauge 51 directly observes the internal pressure of the lean-liquid and rich-liquid degradation reactors. These components work together to maintain stable internal pressure. The internal temperature is observed on the display screen 16, and a second gas circuit switch 17 helps maintain temperature stability. After a fixed time has elapsed since the degradation reaction began, the degraded gas is collected by a gas ball valve 53. A magnetic stirrer 55 is connected to the lower end of the reactor. The high-speed magnetic stirrer enhances the turbulence of the fluid inside the reactor, greatly increases the effective contact area between the reactants, and ensures the uniformity of concentration, thereby making the degradation reaction rate faster. The liquid phase ball valve 54 collects the upper and lower degradation liquids after degradation.

[0038] The degradation reactor 52 is fixed on the support frame 6 and connected to the absorbent chamber 32 of the absorption device. It is used to degrade the lean / rich solutions that have been completely absorbed and separated. During the degradation process, the pressure inside the degradation reactor 5 is monitored in real time by the pressure gauge 51 to ensure constant pressure. After the degradation reaction is completed, the generated gas is collected through the gas ball valve 53. The magnetic stirrer 55 enhances the turbulence of the fluid inside the reactor through high-speed operation, greatly increasing the effective contact area between reactants and ensuring concentration uniformity, thereby making the degradation reaction rate faster. The upper and lower layers of degradation liquid are collected separately through the liquid phase ball valve 54. The collected degradation liquid is diluted 5000 times and sent to a cation exchange chromatograph for detection.

[0039] The support frame 6, made of aluminum alloy, serves as the core load-bearing structure of the entire system. The main equipment, including the control panel 1, condensation device 2, absorption tank 3, water bath heating device 4, and degradation reaction vessel 5, are all mounted on the support frame 6 using specialized fixing devices, ensuring the overall stability of the equipment during operation.

[0040] like Figure 4 As shown, the integrated control module serves as the core of the system, uniformly regulating the operation of each unit. The water chamber of the absorption unit first cools and pre-treats the gas, while the absorbent chamber uses a specific chemical solvent to capture CO2. The gas then enters a condenser for purification, and its concentration is monitored in real-time by a CO2 analyzer. The gas that meets the standards enters the degradation reactor, where the degradation of the absorbent is investigated under set conditions. The system is equipped with a sampling device that can periodically monitor the absorbent's state and reaction efficiency, obtaining detailed data on the dynamic evolution of the absorbent during CO2 degradation and deposition. Exploring the degradation reaction mechanism of the absorbent provides important theoretical support for CO2 emission treatment.

[0041] like Figure 5 As shown, the degradation device adopts an integrated central control design, covering the entire process from gas pretreatment, absorption reaction, absorption effect monitoring to absorbent degradation reaction and degradation monitoring, with a clear operation flow. At the beginning of the experiment, a pre-prepared mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide is introduced into the water chamber of the absorption device, ensuring full contact with water to form a wet saturated gas. Subsequently, the wet saturated gas is introduced into the absorbent chamber of the absorption device. Under constant temperature water bath heating conditions, the absorbent reacts with the wet saturated gas containing carbon dioxide. Water bath heating not only maintains the stability of the reaction system temperature but also helps promote the dissolution and reaction rate of the gas in the absorbent, improving the carbon dioxide capture efficiency. The absorbed gas enters a condenser to remove the water vapor it carries, preventing water vapor from interfering with subsequent detection. The condensed dry gas is monitored in real time by an external carbon dioxide analyzer. After the absorbent forms lean / rich liquid stratification, it is introduced into a degradation reaction vessel for oxidative degradation experiments to simulate the stability of the absorbent under oxidative conditions; another reaction vessel is used for thermal degradation experiments to examine the degradation behavior of the absorbent under high temperature conditions. During the experiment, samples were taken periodically to monitor the degradation of the degradation agent over time.

[0042] The core focus of chemical absorption carbon capture is the use of absorbents. Currently, absorbents for chemical absorption have undergone three generations of evolution. Third-generation absorbents include various two-phase absorbents such as DEEA (diethylenetriamine) / MAPA (3-methylaminopropylamine), DBN (1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene), diethylenetriamine (DETA), and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC). All of these absorbents exhibit phase separation after complete CO2 absorption.

[0043] Current research primarily focuses on the oxidative or thermal degradation of the rich phase after phase separation, calculating regeneration heat consumption for the rich phase, and investigating the degradation reaction mechanism of the absorbent. In this invention's dual-degradation vessel structure, after the absorbent undergoes phase change separation, the lean and rich solutions are introduced into two separate degradation vessels for thermal and oxidative degradation experiments.

[0044] The capture rate is used to measure the absorption effect of the absorbent. Constant pressure control is used, ensuring the inlet and outlet pressures are approximately equal. ), then the CO2 capture rate ( ) is defined as: CO2 capture rate In the formula, The volume concentration of CO2 gas at the inlet, in ppm; This represents the volumetric concentration of CO2 gas at the outlet, in ppm. , The absolute temperatures of the inlet and outlet gases, respectively. K ), .

[0045] Based on CO2 capture rate ( This allows us to determine how much CO2 a unit volume of absorbent can absorb.

[0046] When using the amine method to capture CO2 from industrial exhaust gases, CO2 loading is generally used to measure the amount of CO2 dissolved per mole of absorbent. At a given temperature and pressure, the maximum amount of CO2 that dissolves in a given amount of amine solvent is the equilibrium solubility of the absorbent. The formula for calculating the CO2 loading in the absorption solution (using standard hydrochloric acid titration to determine the CO2-rich load of the absorbent) is as follows: In the formula, The CO2 loading of the absorbent solution is expressed in mol CO2 / mol amine. This represents the volume of hydrochloric acid used when the solution changes color, expressed in liters (L).

[0047] CHCl The concentration is hydrochloric acid, in mol / L. Under standard temperature conditions, the measured CO2 volume is converted into moles. t Room temperature, in °C. This represents the maximum dissolution volume of CO2 in a given amine solvent.

[0048] During the absorption process, the smaller the CO2 load of the lean solution and the larger the CO2 load of the rich solution (to make the CO2 capacity of the solution as close to saturation as possible), the greater the amount of CO2 absorbed per unit volume of solution, which is more conducive to reducing the circulation of the absorbent.

[0049] For example, in studying two-phase absorbents of diethylenetriamine (DETA) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC), 50 ml of DETA and DMAC are placed in the absorbent container, and CO2 gas is introduced to maintain the CO2 atmosphere, allowing the absorbent to fully absorb the CO2. The CO2 volume concentration at the inlet and outlet is measured, and the CO2 capture rate (ECO2) formula is used to calculate how much CO2 per unit volume of absorbent can absorb. The CO2 loading calculation formula (using standard hydrochloric acid titration to determine the CO2 loading of the absorbent-rich solution) involves taking a small sample and using the "acid-subtraction method" to measure the amount of carbon dioxide in the solution. First, the alkaline liquid sample that has absorbed carbon dioxide is mixed with excess standard hydrochloric acid, allowing the acid to neutralize all the alkalinity produced by the carbon dioxide. At this point, the acid is in excess. Then, it is titrated with standard sodium hydroxide solution to determine the remaining acid. Subtracting the amount of acid remaining from the initial total amount added gives the amount of acid used to neutralize the carbon dioxide. Based on this acidity level, the carbon dioxide content in the sample, i.e., the enriched phase loading, can be accurately calculated. ).

[0050] The condenser 2 is used to monitor whether CO2 absorption is saturated. It is connected to the condenser chamber 21 through a pipeline. The condenser chamber, through the condenser 22, produces a condensation effect, and the moisture in the gas is condensed and precipitated, thus ensuring the dryness of the discharged gas. Afterward, the dried and cooled gas is sent to an external CO2 analyzer for concentration detection. The outlet CO2 concentration is measured until it remains constant, indicating that the absorbent has reached CO2 saturation.

[0051] Two degradation reactors 52 (a lean solution degradation reactor and a rich solution degradation reactor) receive the rich solution after complete absorption in the absorbent chamber 32 of the absorption device. The solution is then piped to the lean solution degradation reactor and the rich solution degradation reactor respectively, controlled by ball valves. Oxygen is introduced into the degradation reactor 52 to initiate an oxidation degradation reaction. The pressure during oxygen introduction is observed using a second pressure gauge 12 and a third pressure gauge 13. A first gas circuit switch 15 controls whether oxygen is introduced. Pressure gauge 51 directly observes the pressure inside the lean solution degradation reactor and the rich solution degradation reactor. These components work together to maintain stable internal pressure. The internal temperature is observed on the display screen 16, and a second gas circuit switch 17 helps maintain temperature stability. After a fixed time has elapsed since the degradation reaction began, the degraded gas is collected by a gas ball valve 53. A magnetic stirrer 55 is connected to the lower end of the reactor. The high-speed operation of the magnetic stirrer enhances the turbulence of the fluid inside the reactor, greatly increasing the effective contact area between reactants and ensuring concentration uniformity, thereby accelerating the degradation reaction rate. A liquid phase ball valve 54 collects the upper and lower degradation liquids after degradation. After dilution 5000 times, the solutions are sent to a cation exchange chromatography system for detection. The degradation rate of the rich solution is calculated based on the detection results (the loss of the effective components of the absorbent is used to visually study the degradation behavior of the absorbent). ; In the formula: The degradation rate of the absorbent in the rich solution (%) The effective component concentration (mg / L) of the absorbent rich solution after dilution 5000 times. The concentration (mg / L) of the effective component in the absorbent rich solution after 5000-fold dilution and degradation for one week.

[0052] The degradation rate formula yields the CO2 degradation status over time.

[0053] Because the chemical compositions of the lean and rich phases of the two-phase absorbents differ, two degradation reactors are used to study the degradation in both phases. For example, with diethylenetriamine (DETA) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAC) two-phase absorbents, the rich phase degradation products include 1-(2-aminoethyl)imidazole, organic degradation products (such as various amines and amides), inorganic ions (such as nitrites, acetates, and ammonium salts), and acetic acid. The lean phase degradation products include trace amounts of nitrites, formates, acetates, and trace amounts of acetic acid produced by the decomposition of DMAC. Therefore, the lean / rich phase degradation products are different, hence the use of a dual degradation reactor setup. Samples of the lean / rich phases are taken at fixed degradation times. First, the absorbent lean / rich phases are diluted 5000 times, and the concentration of the active ingredient is determined using cation chromatography. By comparing the changes in the concentration of the active ingredient at different time points (e.g., weekly), the degradation rate of the absorbent is calculated. and The specific calculation is performed using the following formula: Degradation rate (%) = (Initial concentration - Post-degradation concentration) / Initial concentration × 100%. This calculation result can intuitively reflect the stability of the absorbent during the CO2 absorption process. The higher the degradation rate, the faster the loss of the effective components of the absorbent and the worse its stability.

[0054] Therefore, judging the effectiveness of the absorbent through an integrated absorption and degradation device includes the following steps: After placing the two-phase absorbent in the absorbent chamber 32 of the absorption device in the absorption tank 3, start the integrated absorption and degradation device; Data are collected at the inlet and outlet of the absorbent chamber 32 of the absorption device, and the CO2 capture rate is calculated. Calculate the CO2 loading of the absorbent solution; Calculate the degradation rate of the rich solution separately. and the degradation rate of the lean solution ; The CO2 capture rate, CO2 loading of the absorbent solution, and degradation rate of the rich solution were used to determine the optimal parameters. and the degradation rate of the lean solution Calculate the effectiveness of the absorbent.

[0055] Specifically, this is achieved through factors such as CO2 capture rate, CO2 loading of the absorbent solution, and degradation rate of the rich solution. and the degradation rate of the lean solution Calculating the effectiveness of the absorbent includes: Obtain CO2 capture rate baseline value E 0. CO2 load baseline value β 0. Baseline value of degradation rate in rich liquid rich 0 and baseline values ​​for lean solution degradation rate poor 0; Set capture rate weights separately W 1. Load weight W 2. Weighting of degradation rate in rich liquid W 3 and weighting of degraded solution rate W 4; The effectiveness of the absorbent = W 1×( E CO2 / E 0) +W 2×( β / β 0)- W 3×( / rich 0)- W 4×( / poor 0).

[0056] Meanwhile, in another embodiment of the present invention, the effectiveness of the absorbent can also be determined by the degradation rate of the rich solution and the degradation rate of the poor solution, specifically including the following steps: In a rich liquid degradation reactor, thermal degradation and oxidative degradation reactions were carried out on the rich liquid to obtain the thermal degradation rate and oxidative degradation rate of the rich liquid. In a lean liquor degradation reactor, thermal degradation and oxidative degradation reactions were carried out on the lean liquor to obtain the thermal degradation rate and oxidative degradation rate of the lean liquor. The performance of the absorbent is determined by the thermal degradation rate of the rich solution, the oxidative degradation rate of the rich solution, the thermal degradation rate of the poor solution, the oxidative degradation rate of the poor solution, and the CO2 loading of the rich solution.

[0057] The five indicators mentioned above (thermal degradation rate of rich liquor, oxidative degradation rate of rich liquor, thermal degradation rate of lean liquor, oxidative degradation rate of lean liquor, and CO2 load of rich liquor) are used as five dimensions. A baseline value and a critical value are set for each indicator.

[0058] The thermal degradation rate of rich solution, the oxidative degradation rate of rich solution, the thermal degradation rate of lean solution, and the oxidative degradation rate of lean solution are linearly mapped to 0-1 between the benchmark value and the critical value. The value below the benchmark value is high score, and the value above the critical value is 0 score (that is, the smaller the value of the degradation rate index, the better).

[0059] For CO2 load in rich solutions, the benchmark load is the full score, and the score is proportional. If the load exceeds the benchmark load, it is still 1 point.

[0060] Based on the importance and risk impact of each indicator in industrial operations, weight coefficients are assigned to the five indicators. Specifically, the weight of the oxidative degradation rate of the rich solution is 0.35 (representing the oxidative stability of the rich solution, which is the core issue and directly affects the continuity of operation and the cost of absorbent replenishment). Weight of the oxidative degradation rate of lean liquor: 0.30 (representing the oxidative stability of lean liquor, affecting regeneration energy consumption and long-term losses at high temperatures); Weight of CO2 loading in rich solution: 0.15 (CO2 loading in rich solution determines absorption efficiency and equipment size). Weight of thermal degradation rate of rich solution: 0.10 (representing the thermal stability of rich solution, which is the degradation pathway of interest); Weight of the thermal degradation rate of lean liquor: 0.10 (representing the thermal stability of lean liquor, a risk indicator under unconventional operating conditions).

[0061] The adjustment value is obtained by multiplying the value of each indicator by its corresponding weight, and then the adjustment values ​​of all indicators are added together to obtain the overall performance score.

[0062] The effectiveness of absorbents is categorized into several levels based on their overall performance score. For example, Grade A indicates excellent overall performance with outstanding key indicators. It is suitable for industrial plants operating under high loads and long cycles. Grade B meets the main performance standards and satisfies most industrial operating requirements. There may be room for improvement in some non-core indicators. Grade C is basically usable, but has clear shortcomings. It must be used under limited conditions (such as lowering the regeneration temperature and strictly controlling the oxygen content). Grade C has serious defects, especially insufficient antioxidant capacity in lean solution, resulting in extremely high operating risks and costs.

[0063] The examples provide a gradation of absorbent effectiveness, offering extremely clear and reliable decision support for engineering selection. For the same absorbent sample, conducting "rich-liquid thermal degradation and oxidative degradation experiments" and "lean-liquid thermal degradation and oxidative degradation experiments" allows for the assessment of the absorbent formulation's stability under two of the most demanding and critical industrial environments. This experimental combination offers the highest efficiency and the greatest information value.

[0064] Beneficial effects of the embodiments of the present invention: The integrated absorption and degradation device of this invention is equipped with two degradation reaction vessels, which can perform thermal or oxidative degradation treatment on the lean and rich solutions after absorption stratification, realizing the parallel operation of two carbon capture and degradation processes. The degradation reaction vessels adopt a combined design of pressurization and magnetic stirring. Pressurization not only increases the concentration of gaseous reactants and accelerates the reaction, but also helps to study the effect of pressure on the reaction path. Magnetic stirring enhances fluid turbulence, promotes reactant contact, and ensures uniform temperature and concentration, thereby improving the reaction rate, uniformity, and thoroughness, providing reliable support for mechanism research. A ball valve is provided at the upper end of the reaction vessel to collect the gas generated during the degradation process; a double ball valve structure is provided at the lower end to facilitate the separate collection of degradation liquid at different stages, thereby systematically studying the degradation behavior of the absorbent liquid over time, as well as the degradation characteristics under different CO2 and O2 concentrations. This design provides dynamic evolution data of the entire process of CO2 degradation and deposition of the absorbent, strongly supporting the exploration of its reaction mechanism. The entire system simplifies the operation process while significantly improving experimental efficiency and research depth. The core advantage of the integrated absorption and degradation device in this invention lies in its synergistic design of dual parallel degradation reactors and multiple technologies, achieving highly efficient integrated operation of carbon capture, absorption, and degradation. The dual parallel degradation reactors can simultaneously perform thermal or oxidative degradation on the lean and rich solutions after absorption stratification, eliminating the need for serial processing. Combined with a quartz-material visualization absorption chamber, the dynamic stratification of lean and rich solutions can be observed in real time, and degradation can be initiated simultaneously, avoiding contamination caused by contact between the absorbent and air during transport in traditional devices, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of degradation data. Simultaneously, the integrated control panel and multiple pressure gauges enable unified control of the absorption process (N2 / CO2 pressure) and the degradation process (O2 / CO2 pressure), maintaining system pressure within a stable range and reducing external interference. The combination of water bath circulating heating and a jacketed absorbent chamber solves the problem of uneven temperature distribution in traditional heating methods, improving temperature control accuracy and ensuring the repeatability of absorption and degradation reactions. The synergistic effect of the dual parallel degradation reactors and the integrated process shortens the experimental cycle by more than 50% compared to traditional single-reactor serial processing.

[0065] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Therefore, any substitution of equivalent components or equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of protection of this patent should still fall within the scope of this patent. Furthermore, the technical features, technical features and technical solutions, and technical solutions in this invention can be freely combined and used.

Claims

1. An integrated absorption and degradation device based on a carbon capture and absorbent, characterized in that, include: Control panel (1), condenser (2), absorption tank (3) and degradation reactor (5); The condensing device (2) includes a condensing chamber (21) and a condensing device (22), wherein the condensing device (22) is connected to the condensing chamber (21). The absorption tank (3) includes a water chamber (31) for the absorption device and an absorbent chamber (32) for the absorption device. The condensation chamber (21) is connected to the water chamber (31) of the absorption device and the absorbent chamber (32) of the absorption device respectively through pipelines; The degradation reactor (5) includes a pressure gauge (51), a degradation reactor (52), a gas ball valve (53), a liquid ball valve (54), and a magnetic stirrer (55). The gas ball valve (53) and the pressure gauge (51) are all connected to the degradation reactor (52), and the magnetic stirrer (55) is located at the bottom of the degradation reactor (52).

2. The integrated absorption and degradation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated absorption and degradation device also includes a water bath heating device (4). The absorbent chamber (32) of the absorption device is made of quartz material, and the absorbent chamber (32) of the absorption device includes an inner chamber (321) and an outer chamber (322). The water bath heating device (4) is connected to the cavity between the inner cavity (321) and the outer cavity (322), and continuously pumps hot water into the cavity to circulate and heat the absorbent cavity (32) of the absorption device.

3. The integrated absorption and degradation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The degradation reactor (52) includes a lean solution degradation reactor and a rich solution degradation reactor connected in parallel. The rich liquid degradation reactor is used to store the rich liquid generated from the absorbent chamber (32) of the absorption device after the absorbent undergoes phase change separation; The lean liquid degradation reactor is used to store the lean liquid generated from the absorbent chamber (32) of the absorption device after the absorbent undergoes phase change separation.

4. The integrated absorption and degradation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control panel (1) includes a first pressure gauge (11), a second pressure gauge (12), a third pressure gauge (13), and a gas circuit switch; The first pressure gauge (11) and the third pressure gauge (13) are both connected to the water chamber (31) of the absorption device. The first pressure gauge (11) is used to monitor the pressure of N2 in the water chamber (31) of the absorption device in real time, and the third pressure gauge (13) is used to monitor the pressure of CO2 in the water chamber (31) of the absorption device in real time. The second pressure gauge (12) and the third pressure gauge (13) are both connected to the degradation reactor (52) and are used to monitor the pressure of O2 and CO2 in the degradation reactor (52) in real time; The gas circuit switch is located at the inlet and outlet of the absorption tank (3), the water bath heating device (4), and the degradation reaction vessel (5).

5. A method of using an integrated absorption and degradation device, wherein the integrated absorption and degradation device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is used to degrade CO2, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: A mixture of N2 and CO2 is introduced into the water chamber (31) of the absorption device to generate wet saturated gas; The wet saturated gas is introduced into the absorbent chamber (32) of the absorption device, and the absorbent chamber (32) of the absorption device is heated by the water bath heating device (4), and CO2 is absorbed by the two-phase absorbent. The degree of CO2 absorption is detected by connecting the condensed water vapor of the condensation device (22) to an external CO2 analyzer. The generated lean solution is fed into the lean solution degradation reactor, and the generated rich solution is fed into the rich solution degradation reactor.

6. A method for determining the effectiveness of an absorbent, comprising judging the effectiveness of the absorbent using the integrated absorption and degradation device described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: After placing the two-phase absorbent in the absorbent chamber (32) of the absorption device of the absorption tank (3), the integrated absorption and degradation device is started. Data were collected at the inlet and outlet of the absorbent chamber (32) of the absorption device, and the CO2 capture rate was calculated. ,in, This represents the volume concentration of CO2 gas at the inlet. This represents the volume concentration of CO2 gas at the outlet. The absolute temperature of the inlet gas. The absolute temperature of the outlet gas; Calculate the CO2 loading of the absorbent solution , C represents the maximum solubility volume of CO2 in a given amine solvent. HCl This refers to the concentration of hydrochloric acid. The volume of hydrochloric acid used when the solution changes color is t, where t is room temperature; Calculate the degradation rate of the rich solution separately. and the degradation rate of the lean solution ,in, ; The CO2 capture rate, the CO2 loading of the absorbent solution, and the degradation rate of the rich solution were used to determine the optimal parameters. and the degradation rate of the lean solution Calculate the effectiveness of the absorbent.

7. The method for determining the absorbent efficacy according to claim 6, characterized in that, Calculate the degradation rate of the rich solution separately. and the degradation rate of the lean solution ,include: ,in, The degradation rate of the absorbent in the rich solution. This refers to the concentration of the effective components in the absorbent rich solution after dilution 5000 times. Degradation after dilution 5000 times i The concentration of effective components in the absorbent solution after one week; ,in, The degradation rate of the absorbent in a lean solution. This represents the concentration of the effective components in the lean absorbent solution after dilution 5000 times. Degradation after dilution 5000 times i The concentration of effective components in the absorbent solution after one week.

8. The method for determining the absorbent efficacy according to claim 6, characterized in that, The CO2 capture rate, the CO2 loading of the absorbent solution, and the degradation rate of the rich solution were used to determine the optimal parameters. and the degradation rate of the lean solution Calculating the effectiveness of the absorbent includes: Obtain CO2 capture rate baseline value E 0. CO2 load baseline value β 0. Baseline value of degradation rate in rich liquid rich 0 and baseline values ​​for lean solution degradation rate poor 0; Set capture rate weights separately W 1. Load weight W 2. Weighting of degradation rate in rich liquid W 3 and weighting of degraded solution rate W 4; The effectiveness of the absorbent = W 1×( E CO2 / E 0) +W 2×( β / β 0)- W 3×( / rich 0)- W 4×( / poor 0).

9. The method for determining the absorbent efficacy according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The effectiveness of the absorbent is determined by the degradation rates of the rich solution and the poor solution, including the following steps: In a rich liquid degradation reactor, thermal degradation and oxidative degradation reactions were carried out on the rich liquid to obtain the thermal degradation rate and oxidative degradation rate of the rich liquid. In a lean liquor degradation reactor, thermal degradation and oxidative degradation reactions were carried out on the lean liquor to obtain the thermal degradation rate and oxidative degradation rate of the lean liquor. The performance of the absorbent is determined by the thermal degradation rate of the rich solution, the oxidative degradation rate of the rich solution, the thermal degradation rate of the poor solution, the oxidative degradation rate of the poor solution, and the CO2 loading of the rich solution.

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