Post-treatment programming-free machining equipment suitable for large-size heavy casting

Abstract

The invention discloses post-processing programming-free machining equipment suitable for large-size heavy castings, the post-processing programming-free machining equipment comprises a translation mechanism and a three-dimensional scanning mechanism, an air curtain protection unit of the three-dimensional scanning mechanism is connected with an air curtain generation mechanism, and the air curtain generation mechanism is used for airflow to the air curtain protection unit. According to the automatic three-dimensional scanning device, rapid and accurate three-dimensional scanning can be conducted on a casting in place before machining, the casting is compared with a preset ideal model, and therefore the deviation between an actual blank and a design model is automatically recognized, the machining allowance of each area is accurately calculated, and the programming-free effect is achieved; and in cooperation with the arrangement of the air curtain generation mechanism, a dust-free and liquid-interference-free local clean working environment can be created for the scanning head, so that the reliability, precision and stability of three-dimensional scanning in a complex and severe processing site are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of machining equipment technology, and in particular to post-processing, programming-free machining equipment suitable for large-size heavy castings. Background Technology

[0002] Large heavy castings are fundamental components in major equipment manufacturing industries such as energy, heavy machinery, and shipbuilding. After casting, the blanks need to undergo a series of post-processing steps, such as milling, drilling, tapping, and deburring, to meet assembly accuracy requirements.

[0003] Large castings are characterized by their large size, heavy weight, and complex shape. Due to shrinkage and deformation during the casting process and stress release during subsequent heat treatment, there are unpredictable individual differences between the actual shape and size of each casting and the theoretical CAD model, resulting in extremely uneven distribution of machining allowance.

[0004] Traditional CNC machining relies on pre-programmed fixed programs, which cannot automatically adapt to individual differences. Operators must rely on experience to perform tedious offline measurements, manual trial cuts, and program adjustments. This not only requires extremely high worker skills but is also inefficient and results in poor machining consistency. In other words, existing technologies have the following technical problems: ordinary large castings rely on manual experience for processing, resulting in insufficient automation. Therefore, to address these issues, a post-processing, programming-free machining equipment suitable for large-size, heavy castings is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This embodiment provides a post-processing, programming-free machining equipment suitable for large-size heavy castings to solve the problem that ordinary large castings in the prior art rely on manual experience for processing and have insufficient automation.

[0006] According to one aspect of this application, a post-processing, programming-free machining apparatus suitable for large-size, heavy castings is provided, comprising: The translation mechanism has a support lifting mechanism fixedly installed on its upper surface. A telescopic arm mechanism is fixedly connected to one side of the support lifting mechanism, and a processing module is fixedly installed at one end of the telescopic arm mechanism. The three-dimensional scanning mechanism is fixedly installed on the side of the processing module. The bottom of the three-dimensional scanner of the three-dimensional scanning mechanism is equipped with a scanning head, and an air curtain protection unit is also provided at the scanning head to form an air curtain in front of the scanning head. The air curtain protection unit of the 3D scanning mechanism is connected to an air curtain generating mechanism, which supplies airflow to the air curtain protection unit.

[0007] Furthermore, the translation mechanism includes a first guide rail and a first translation seat, with the first translation seat slidably connected to the first guide rail, and a support lifting mechanism fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the first translation seat.

[0008] Furthermore, it also includes a workpiece support mechanism, which includes a second guide rail and a second translation seat. The second guide rail is located on the side of the translation mechanism, and the second translation seat is slidably connected to the second guide rail. A rotatable workpiece support platform is provided on the upper surface of the second translation seat.

[0009] Furthermore, the support lifting mechanism includes a support housing and a movable side plate. The support housing is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the first translation seat, and the side wall of the support housing is provided with a movable side plate.

[0010] Furthermore, a fixed guide rod is fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the support housing, and a lifting slider is slidably connected to the fixed guide rod. The lifting slider is fixedly connected to the movable side plate. An upper cover plate is also fixedly connected to the upper end of the support housing. An adjusting screw is rotatably connected between the upper cover plate and the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the support housing. The adjusting screw passes through the lifting slider and is threadedly engaged with the lifting slider. An adjusting motor is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the upper cover plate, and the end of the output shaft of the adjusting motor is fixedly connected to one end of the adjusting screw.

[0011] Furthermore, the telescopic arm mechanism includes a fixed arm and a movable arm. The movable arm is fixed to the side wall of the movable side plate. Both the fixed arm and the movable arm have internal cavities. The movable arm is slidably connected in the internal cavity of the fixed arm. The telescopic drive unit is provided in the internal cavity of the fixed arm to drive the movable arm to extend or retract relative to the fixed arm.

[0012] Furthermore, the air curtain protection unit includes an air curtain base and air curtain nozzles. A fixed frame is also fixedly installed on the side of the bottom scanning head of the 3D scanner. An air curtain base is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed frame, and several air curtain nozzles are provided on the air curtain base.

[0013] Furthermore, the protective unit includes a protective baffle and an electric push rod. The protective baffle is set on the fixed frame to form an openable and closable protective structure, and the electric push rod is fixedly connected to the side of the protective baffle.

[0014] Furthermore, the air curtain generating mechanism includes a gas storage cylinder and a gas replenishment unit. A pressure piston is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the gas storage cylinder. One end of a gas delivery hose is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner cavity of the gas storage cylinder. The other end of the gas delivery hose extends into the inner cavity of the air curtain seat and is fixedly connected to the air curtain seat. A pressure boosting spring is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the pressure piston.

[0015] Furthermore, the gas replenishment unit includes a fixed cylinder and a movable piston. The movable piston is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder. One end of a movable guide rod is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the movable piston. The other end of the movable guide rod passes through the upper wall of the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder and extends to the outside of the wall. The top end of the movable guide rod is connected to the side wall of the lifting slider.

[0016] In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, such as the inability of ordinary programming machining methods to adapt to the individual shape and size differences of large-size heavy castings, the high dependence on human experience, and the susceptibility of traditional 3D scanning equipment to contamination and unstable data acquisition quality in harsh machining environments, this application designs a 3D scanning mechanism. By setting up the 3D scanning mechanism, the casting in place can be quickly and accurately 3D scanned before machining and compared with a preset ideal model, thereby automatically identifying the deviation between the actual blank and the design model, accurately calculating the machining allowance of each area, and then the control system automatically plans the optimal tool path and machining parameters based on the allowance model, generating directly executable CNC code, which achieves the function of eliminating programming. In addition, this application also sets up an air curtain protection unit, which, together with the setting of the air curtain generation mechanism, can create a dust-free and liquid-free local clean working environment for the scanning head, thereby improving the reliability, accuracy and stability of 3D scanning in complex and harsh machining sites. It is particularly suitable for precision measurement and adaptive machining of large-size, high-value castings in workshop environments with a large amount of dust and oil mist, such as casting and heavy machinery. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of one embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a side perspective view of one embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a support lifting mechanism according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a support lifting mechanism according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a telescopic arm mechanism according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a processing module according to one embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a workpiece support mechanism according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of a three-dimensional scanning mechanism according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is one embodiment of the present application. Figure 8 A magnified structural diagram of point A; Figure 10 This is a connection diagram of an air curtain generating mechanism according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a gas storage cylinder according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a fixed cylinder according to an embodiment of this application.

[0019] In the picture: 1. Translation mechanism; 101. First guide rail; 102. First translation seat; 103. First support plate; 104. First screw; 105. First drive unit; 2. Supporting lifting mechanism; 201. Supporting housing; 2011. Fixed guide rail; 202. Top cover plate; 203. Moving side plate; 204. Fixed guide rod; 205. Lifting slider; 206. Adjusting motor; 207. Adjusting screw; 3. Telescopic boom mechanism; 301. Fixed boom; 302. Moving boom; 303. Fixed block; 304. Control screw; 305. Bevel gear A; 306. Bevel gear B; 307. Control motor; 4. Machining module; 401. Mounting base; 402. Rotary table; 403. Connecting base; 404. Machining tool; 405. Drive motor; 406. Rotation control motor; 5. Workpiece support mechanism; 501. Second guide rail; 502. Second translation seat; 503. Second support plate; 504. Second screw; 505. Second drive unit; 506. Workpiece support platform; 507. Rotary support seat; 508. Rotary platform; 509. Rotary drive rod; 510. First bevel gear; 511. Rotary drive motor; 512. Transmission rod; 513. Second bevel gear; 6. 3D scanning mechanism; 601. 3D scanner; 602. Scanning head; 603. Fixing frame; 604. Air curtain base; 605. Air curtain nozzle; 606. Protective baffle; 607. Nozzle cover; 608. Electric push rod; 7. Air curtain generating mechanism; 701. Gas storage cylinder; 702. Gas delivery hose; 703. Safety valve; 704. Compressor piston; 705. Pressure boosting spring; 706. Fixed cylinder; 707. Connecting hose; 708. Moving piston; 709. Moving guide rod; 710. Connecting feet; 711. Air inlet; 712. Filter element. Detailed Implementation

[0020] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, post-processing, programming-free machining equipment suitable for large-size heavy castings includes: Translation mechanism 1, a support lifting mechanism 2 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of translation mechanism 1, a telescopic arm mechanism 3 is fixedly connected to one side of support lifting mechanism 2, and a processing module 4 is fixedly installed at one end of telescopic arm mechanism 3 for performing mechanical processing operations such as milling, drilling, and grinding on the workpiece. The three-dimensional scanning mechanism 6 is fixedly installed on the side of the processing module 4. The three-dimensional scanning mechanism 6 is used to acquire the three-dimensional data of the workpiece. The bottom of the three-dimensional scanner 601 of the three-dimensional scanning mechanism 6 is equipped with a scanning head 602. An air curtain protection unit is also provided at the scanning head 602 to form an air curtain in front of the scanning head 602 to isolate the dust, water mist and chips in the processing site and ensure that the scanned image is clear and the data is accurate. The air curtain protection unit of the three-dimensional scanning mechanism 6 is connected to the air curtain generating mechanism 7, which is used to generate and supply a continuous and clean airflow to the air curtain protection unit.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment of this application, see [reference] Figure 3 As shown, the translation mechanism 1 includes a first guide rail 101 and a first translation seat 102. The first translation seat 102 is slidably connected to the first guide rail 101. The upper surface of the first translation seat 102 is fixedly provided with a support lifting mechanism 2, which is used to drive the entire processing and scanning execution unit to move in a wide range along the X-axis direction to cover the entire processing area of ​​the workpiece. Furthermore, in order to achieve precise, smooth and reliable CNC drive for translational motion, first support plates 103 are fixedly connected to both sides of the first guide rail 101, and a first screw 104 is rotatably connected between the two first support plates 103. The first screw 104 passes through the first translation seat 102 and is threadedly engaged with the first translation seat 102. A first drive unit 105 is fixedly installed on one side of the first support plate 103, and the end of the output shaft of the first drive unit 105 is fixedly connected to one end of the first screw 104. Through this technical solution, when the first drive unit 105 is started, it drives the first screw 104 to rotate. Through the threaded interaction with the first translation seat 102, the rotational motion is converted into linear motion of the first translation seat 102 along the first guide rail 101, thereby realizing position control of the entire processing unit in the horizontal direction.

[0023] To enable multi-angle and multi-directional machining of large-sized heavy castings, reduce repeated clamping, and expand the machining range by coordinating with the movement of the machining unit, a workpiece support mechanism 5 is also included. The workpiece support mechanism 5 includes a second guide rail 501 and a second translation seat 502. The second guide rail 501 is located on the side of the translation mechanism 1 and is arranged perpendicular to or at a specific angle to the extension direction of the first guide rail 101. The second translation seat 502 is slidably connected to the second guide rail 501. A rotatable workpiece support platform 506 is provided on the upper surface of the second translation seat 502. The workpiece support platform 506 is used to support, position, and clamp the workpiece, and can drive the workpiece to perform translational and rotational movements.

[0024] For a preferred technical solution, please refer to Figure 7 As shown, in order to achieve precise horizontal movement of the workpiece support platform 506, second support plates 503 are fixedly connected to both sides of the second guide rail 501. A second screw 504 is rotatably connected between the two second support plates 503. The second screw 504 passes through the second translation seat 502 and is threadedly engaged with the second translation seat 502. A second drive unit 505 is fixedly installed on one side of the second support plate 503. The end of the output shaft of the second drive unit 505 is fixedly connected to one end of the second screw 504. With this technical solution, when it is necessary to adjust the lateral position of the workpiece relative to the processing module 4, the second drive unit 505 can be activated to drive the second screw 504 to rotate, thereby driving the second translation seat 502 and the workpiece support platform 506 above it to move along the second guide rail 501, thereby sending different areas of the workpiece to the processing position, or realizing the segmented processing of long workpieces.

[0025] Preferably, both the second drive unit 505 and the first drive unit 105 are servo motors or stepper motors with encoders to achieve precise closed-loop control of position and speed.

[0026] Furthermore, in order to enable the workpiece to rotate around the vertical axis for processing of multiple surfaces such as its side and top without the need for multiple hoisting and turning, a rotary support 507 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the second translation seat 502. A rotary platform 508 is rotatably connected to the upper surface of the rotary support 507. A workpiece support platform 506 is fixed to the upper surface of the rotary platform 508 to support and fix the workpiece. A rotary drive rod 509 is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the rotary support 507. A first bevel gear 510 is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped wall of the rotary drive rod 509. A rotary drive motor 511 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the rotary support 507. One end of a transmission rod 512 is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the rotary drive motor 511. The other end of the transmission rod 512 extends into the inner cavity of the rotary support 507. A second bevel gear 513 is fixedly installed at the other end of the transmission rod 512. The second bevel gear 513 meshes with the first bevel gear 510.

[0027] With this technical solution, when it is necessary to rotate and position the workpiece, the rotary drive motor 511 can be started, which drives the second bevel gear 513 to rotate through the transmission rod 512, thereby driving the first bevel gear 510 and the rotary drive rod 509 to rotate, and finally driving the rotary platform 508 and the workpiece support platform 506 and the workpiece on it to rotate around the vertical axis to a specified angle, thereby realizing the machining and positioning of different sides of the workpiece, which significantly improves the machining flexibility, reduces auxiliary time, and realizes multi-face machining of the workpiece in one clamping.

[0028] In one specific embodiment of this application, see [reference]. Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the supporting lifting mechanism 2 includes a supporting housing 201 and a movable side plate 203. The supporting housing 201 is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the first translation seat 102 to provide a stable support and guiding structure for the lifting movement. The side wall of the supporting housing 201 is provided with a movable side plate 203 for connecting and supporting the telescopic arm mechanism 3 and moving up and down with the lifting movement. Specifically, the side wall of the supporting housing 201 is provided with a fixed guide rail 2011, and the movable side plate 203 is slidably connected to the fixed guide rail 2011 through a slider or a groove to ensure the straightness and stability of the movement.

[0029] Further, see Figure 4As shown, in order to achieve stable driving and control of the height of the movable side plate 203 and the telescopic arm mechanism 3, a fixed guide rod 204 is fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the support housing 201. A lifting slider 205 is slidably connected to the fixed guide rod 204. The lifting slider 205 is fixedly connected to the movable side plate 203 to transmit driving force and ensure the movement accuracy of the movable side plate 203. An upper cover plate 202 is also fixedly connected to the upper end of the support housing 201. An adjusting screw 207 is rotatably connected between the upper cover plate 202 and the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the support housing 201. The adjusting screw 207 passes through the lifting slider 205 and is threadedly engaged with the lifting slider 205. A fixed surface is installed on the upper surface of the upper cover plate 202. An adjusting motor 206 is fixedly connected to one end of an adjusting screw 207 at the end of its output shaft. This motor is used to drive the adjusting screw 207 to rotate forward and backward. With this technical solution, when it is necessary to adjust the height of the processing module 4 and the three-dimensional scanning mechanism 6 to adapt to workpieces of different heights or to perform processing at different depths, the adjusting motor 206 can be started. This will drive the adjusting screw 207 to rotate, which will drive the lifting slider 205, which is threaded to it, to move up and down along the fixed guide rod 204. This will drive the moving side plate 203 and the entire telescopic arm mechanism 3 to move up and down in the Z-axis direction, thereby realizing the feeding and retraction of the processing tool 404, and the focusing scanning of the scanning head 602 on different height areas of the workpiece.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of this application, see [reference] Figure 5 As shown, the telescopic arm mechanism 3 includes a fixed arm 301 and a movable arm 302. The movable arm 302 is fixed to the side wall of the movable side plate 203. Both the fixed arm 301 and the movable arm 302 have internal cavities. The movable arm 302 is slidably connected in the internal cavity of the fixed arm 301. A telescopic drive unit is provided in the internal cavity of the fixed arm 301 to drive the movable arm 302 to extend or retract relative to the fixed arm 301, so as to change the overhang length of the processing module 4 and the three-dimensional scanning mechanism 6 in the horizontal direction, thereby adjusting the processing position or avoiding interference.

[0031] Further, see Figure 5As shown, the telescopic drive unit includes a fixed block 303 and a control screw 304. The fixed block 303 is fixedly disposed in the inner cavity of the movable arm 302. The control screw 304 is rotatably connected to the inner cavity of the fixed arm 301. The control screw 304 passes through the fixed block 303 and is threadedly engaged with the fixed block 303. A bevel gear A305 is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped wall of the control screw 304. A control motor 307 is also fixedly connected to the side wall of the fixed arm 301. The output shaft end of the control motor 307 is fixedly connected to... A bevel gear B306 is connected, and the bevel gear A305 meshes with each other. Through this technical solution, the control motor 307 is started, which drives the bevel gear B306 to rotate, thereby driving the bevel gear A305 and the control screw 304 to rotate. The rotation of the control screw 304 is converted into the linear extension and retraction motion of the moving arm 302 relative to the fixed arm 301 through the threaded pair with the fixed block 303, realizing the fine adjustment of the position of the processing and scanning terminal on the Y-axis.

[0032] For specific technical solutions, please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the processing module 4 includes a mounting base 401, a rotary table 402, and a processing tool 404. The mounting base 401 is fixedly mounted at one end of the moving arm 302. The rotary table 402 is rotatably connected to one side of the mounting base 401. A connecting base 403 is fixedly connected to one end of the rotary table 402. The processing tool 404 is rotatably connected to the connecting base 403. A drive motor 405 is fixedly mounted on the upper surface of the connecting base 403. The end of the output shaft of the drive motor 405 is fixedly connected to the processing tool 404 to provide spindle power for rotary cutting of the processing tool 404.

[0033] To enable adjustable machining angles for machining tool 404 to accommodate the machining requirements of complex surfaces, please refer to... Figure 6 As shown, the mounting base 401 has an internal cavity, and a rotary control motor 406 is fixedly installed in the internal cavity of the mounting base 401. The output shaft end of the rotary control motor 406 is fixedly connected to the rotary table 402. With this technical solution, when it is necessary to adjust the posture of the machining tool 404, the rotary control motor 406 can be started, which can directly drive the rotary table 402 to rotate around the axis on the mounting base 401, thereby changing the axial direction of the machining tool 404 and realizing multi-angle machining, such as inclined milling or sidewall machining.

[0034] In a preferred embodiment of this application, see [reference] Figure 8 As shown, the 3D scanner 601 is fixedly mounted at one end of the moving arm 302 and is arranged in parallel with the processing module 4. This ensures a stable relative positional relationship between the scanning coordinate system and the processing coordinate system, simplifies coordinate transformation, and allows for quick switching between processing and scanning functions without changing the end effector.

[0035] Specifically, the 3D scanner 601 is fixed on the moving arm 302. The center line of the field of view of its scanning head 602 and the tip of the machining tool 404 are in the same vertical plane or have a known fixed positional relationship. When planning the scanning path and performing coordinate transformation, only fixed coordinate offset compensation is needed, which simplifies the system calibration process, improves the positioning accuracy of "what you see is what you process", and thus improves the efficiency and accuracy of programming-free machining.

[0036] In one specific embodiment of this application, the three-dimensional scanning mechanism 6 is the core unit for realizing "programming-free processing". Specifically, the three-dimensional scanner 601 is preferably a high-precision line laser three-dimensional scanner.

[0037] The workflow and data processing methods of the 3D scanning mechanism 6 form the basis of the programming-free function, specifically including the following steps: S1: High-precision 3D data acquisition; When a large, heavy casting clamped on the workpiece support platform 506 needs to be processed, the translation mechanism 1, the support lifting mechanism 2, and the telescopic arm mechanism 3 are first driven to position the 3D scanner 601 at the workpiece's starting scanning position. After the scanning is started, the line laser beam dynamically scans the workpiece surface at a frame rate of 90fps. Through the principle of laser triangulation, the 3D contour point cloud data of the workpiece surface with sub-pixel accuracy is acquired in real time. In a complete scan, through the coordination of each motion axis, it can be ensured that the scanning head 602 covers the entire area to be processed on the workpiece, collecting data without blind spots. The scanning time for a single piece can be completed within a few minutes.

[0038] S2: Point cloud processing and machining allowance model generation.

[0039] The raw point cloud data obtained from the scan is transmitted to the central control system of the equipment. The intelligent algorithm built into the system first automatically registers and compares the actual scanned point cloud with the preset CAD ideal model of the workpiece. By using feature descriptor algorithms such as fast point feature histogram, the system can accurately identify the actual contour and key features of the casting, such as the planes, holes, bosses, and cavities to be machined; as well as the pose deviations caused by casting deformation and clamping. After the comparison is completed, the system generates an intuitive "3D color map of machining allowance". This map accurately displays the material thickness that needs to be removed from each point on the workpiece surface relative to the ideal model using color gradient.

[0040] S3: Adaptive machining path and process planning.

[0041] Based on the accurate allowance model generated in the previous step, the system enters the "programming-free" stage. The path planning module automatically and intelligently divides the machining area into a large allowance area and a finishing area. For the large allowance area, the system automatically plans an efficient roughing path; for the finishing area, it plans a finishing path that ensures accuracy and surface quality. At the same time, the system accesses the built-in process parameter database and automatically matches and generates the optimal machining parameters, including spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, based on the material properties, geometry, and allowance size of the identified features. Finally, the system automatically generates collision-free CNC code that can be directly executed by the machining module 4. The entire process requires no manual programming or teaching.

[0042] Further, see Figure 9 As shown, the air curtain protection unit includes an air curtain base 604 and air curtain nozzles 605. A fixed frame 603 is also fixedly installed on the side of the scanning head 602 at the bottom of the 3D scanner 601. The air curtain base 604 is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed frame 603. Several air curtain nozzles 605 are provided on the air curtain base 604. The several air curtain nozzles 605 are evenly arranged with the scanning head 602 at an angle downwards. They are used to spray high-speed, clean air downwards from the side of the scanning head 602, thereby converging in front of the lens of the scanning head 602 to form a continuous and stable air barrier, effectively blowing away and blocking dust, water mist and chips from below.

[0043] The fixed frame 603 is also equipped with a protective unit, see reference. Figure 9 As shown, the protective unit includes a protective baffle 606 and an electric push rod 608. A sliding groove is provided on the fixed frame 603. A protrusion on the side of the protective baffle 606 mates with the sliding groove of the fixed frame 603, allowing for sliding contact and forming an openable protective structure. In the non-scanning state, this structure shields and protects the scanning head 602 and the air curtain nozzle 605. One end of the electric push rod 608 is fixedly connected to the protruding side of the protective baffle 606, and the other end of the electric push rod 608 is fixedly connected to the moving arm 302. With this technical solution, when the equipment is idle or during processing, the electric push rod 608 can retract, causing the protective baffle 606 to slide along the sliding groove to the closed position, completely covering the scanning head 602 and the air curtain seat 604 to prevent impact and oil accumulation. When scanning is required, the electric push rod 608 extends, causing the protective baffle 606 to open, exposing the scanning head 602 and the air curtain nozzle 605.

[0044] Furthermore, a nozzle cover 607 is fixedly installed on one side of the protective baffle 606. This cover seals the air curtain nozzles 605 simultaneously when the baffle is closed, preventing dust and foreign objects from clogging the nozzles. When the baffle is opened, it moves away along with the protective baffle 606, fully exposing the nozzles to allow the air curtain to form normally.

[0045] In one specific embodiment of this application, see [reference]. Figure 10 and Figure 11 As shown, the air curtain generating mechanism 7 includes a gas storage cylinder 701 and a gas replenishment unit. The gas storage cylinder 701 is fixedly installed on the side wall of the support housing 201. A pressure piston 704 is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the gas storage cylinder 701. One end of a gas delivery hose 702 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner cavity of the gas storage cylinder 701. The other end of the gas delivery hose 702 extends into the inner cavity of the air curtain seat 604 and is fixedly connected to the air curtain seat 604. One end of a pressure boosting spring 705 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the pressure piston 704. The other end of the pressure boosting spring 705 is fixedly connected to the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the gas storage cylinder 701. Through this technical solution, the elastic force of the pressure boosting spring 705 continuously pushes the pressure piston 704 upward, compressing the air in the upper chamber of the gas storage cylinder 701, thereby providing a continuous airflow to the air curtain seat 604 through the gas delivery hose 702, ensuring the continuous generation of the air curtain, without relying on an external continuous gas source, and with a simple and reliable structure.

[0046] Furthermore, in order to achieve automatic replenishment of the air curtain gas source, the gas replenishment unit utilizes the movement of the equipment itself as power, without the need for additional equipment. The gas replenishment unit includes a fixed cylinder 706 and a movable piston 708. The fixed cylinder 706 is disposed in the inner cavity of the support housing 201. The movable piston 708 is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 706. One end of the movable guide rod 709 is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the movable piston 708. The other end of the movable guide rod 709 passes through the upper wall of the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 706 and extends to the outside of the wall. A connecting bracket 710 is fixedly connected to the top end of the movable guide rod 709. The connecting bracket 710 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the lifting slider 205, which is used to convert the lifting motion of the support lifting mechanism 2 into the reciprocating suction motion of the movable piston 708 in the fixed cylinder 706.

[0047] A connecting hose 707 and an air inlet 711 are fixedly connected to the bottom side of the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder 706. One end of the connecting hose 707 extends to the upper side of the inner cavity of the gas cylinder 701 and is fixedly connected to the gas cylinder 701. In order to ensure system safety and prevent excessive pressure in the gas cylinder 701, a safety valve 703 is also installed on the gas cylinder 701. A filter element 712 is fixedly installed inside the air inlet 711 to filter the intake air, remove most of the dust and particulate matter, and provide a relatively clean air source for the air curtain.

[0048] Both the connecting hose 707 and the air inlet 711 are equipped with check valves. Through this technical solution, when the supporting lifting mechanism 2 drives the lifting slider 205 and the connecting foot 710 to rise, the moving guide rod 709 pulls the moving piston 708 upward within the fixed cylinder 706, creating negative pressure in the lower chamber of the fixed cylinder 706. External air is then drawn in after being filtered by the filter element 712 of the air inlet 711. When the lifting slider 205 descends, the moving piston 708 is pushed downward, compressing the lower chamber of the fixed cylinder 706. The air pressure causes it to open the check valve on the connecting hose 707, pumping the compressed clean air into the upper chamber of the gas storage cylinder 701. This pushes the air compressor piston 704 down and compresses the pressure boosting spring 705, achieving energy storage and gas replenishment. This transforms the lifting motion that inevitably occurs during equipment operation into energy to replenish the air curtain gas source, enabling the system to be self-sufficient or significantly extending the replenishment interval of the external gas source. This reduces the equipment's dependence on a continuous external gas source and improves its applicability in workshops without a stable gas source.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A post-processing, programming-free machining equipment suitable for large-size heavy castings, characterized in that: include: Translation mechanism (1), a support lifting mechanism (2) is fixedly provided on the upper surface of the translation mechanism (1), a telescopic arm mechanism (3) is fixedly connected to one side of the support lifting mechanism (2), and a processing module (4) is fixedly provided at one end of the telescopic arm mechanism (3). A three-dimensional scanning mechanism (6) is fixedly installed on the side of the processing module (4). The bottom of the three-dimensional scanner (601) of the three-dimensional scanning mechanism (6) is provided with a scanning head (602). An air curtain protection unit is also provided at the scanning head (602) to form an air curtain in front of the scanning head (602). The air curtain protection unit of the three-dimensional scanning mechanism (6) is connected to an air curtain generating mechanism (7), which is used to supply airflow to the air curtain protection unit.

2. The post-processing, programming-free machining equipment for large-size heavy castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The translation mechanism (1) includes a first guide rail (101) and a first translation seat (102). The first translation seat (102) is slidably connected on the first guide rail (101), and the upper surface of the first translation seat (102) is fixedly provided with a support lifting mechanism (2).

3. The post-processing, programming-free machining equipment for large-size heavy castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a workpiece support mechanism (5), which includes a second guide rail (501) and a second translation seat (502). The second guide rail (501) is located on the side of the translation mechanism (1), and the second translation seat (502) is slidably connected to the second guide rail (501). A rotatable workpiece support platform (506) is provided on the upper surface of the second translation seat (502).

4. The post-processing, programming-free machining equipment for large-size heavy castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support lifting mechanism (2) includes a support housing (201) and a movable side plate (203). The support housing (201) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the first translation seat (102), and the side wall of the support housing (201) is provided with a movable side plate (203).

5. The post-processing, programming-free machining equipment for large-size heavy castings according to claim 4, characterized in that: A fixed guide rod (204) is fixedly connected to the inner cavity of the support housing (201). A lifting slider (205) is slidably connected to the fixed guide rod (204). The lifting slider (205) is fixedly connected to the movable side plate (203). An upper cover plate (202) is also fixedly connected to the upper end of the support housing (201). An adjusting screw (207) is rotatably connected between the upper cover plate (202) and the bottom wall of the inner cavity of the support housing (201). The adjusting screw (207) passes through the lifting slider (205) and is threadedly engaged with the lifting slider (205). An adjusting motor (206) is fixedly installed on the upper surface of the upper cover plate (202). The end of the output shaft of the adjusting motor (206) is fixedly connected to one end of the adjusting screw (207).

6. The post-processing, programming-free machining equipment for large-size heavy castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The telescopic arm mechanism (3) includes a fixed arm (301) and a movable arm (302). The movable arm (302) is fixed to the side wall of the movable side plate (203). Both the fixed arm (301) and the movable arm (302) have an inner cavity. The movable arm (302) is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the fixed arm (301). The inner cavity of the fixed arm (301) is provided with a telescopic drive unit for driving the movable arm (302) to extend or retract relative to the fixed arm (301).

7. The post-processing, programming-free machining equipment for large-size heavy castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air curtain protection unit includes an air curtain base (604) and air curtain nozzles (605). A fixed frame (603) is also fixedly installed on the side of the bottom scanning head (602) of the three-dimensional scanner (601). The air curtain base (604) is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed frame (603). A plurality of air curtain nozzles (605) are provided on the air curtain base (604).

8. The post-processing, programming-free machining equipment for large-size heavy castings according to claim 7, characterized in that: The fixed frame (603) is also provided with a protective unit, which includes a protective baffle (606) and an electric push rod (608). The fixed frame (603) is provided with a protective baffle (606) to form an openable protective structure. An electric push rod (608) is fixedly connected to the side of the protective baffle (606).

9. The post-processing, programming-free machining equipment for large-size heavy castings according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air curtain generating mechanism (7) includes a gas storage cylinder (701) and a gas replenishment unit. A pressure piston (704) is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the gas storage cylinder (701). One end of a gas delivery hose (702) is fixedly connected to the upper end of the inner cavity of the gas storage cylinder (701). The other end of the gas delivery hose (702) extends into the inner cavity of the air curtain seat (604) and is fixedly connected to the air curtain seat (604). A pressure boosting spring (705) is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the pressure piston (704).

10. The post-processing, programming-free machining equipment for large-size heavy castings according to claim 9, characterized in that: The gas replenishment unit includes a fixed cylinder (706) and a movable piston (708). The movable piston (708) is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder (706). One end of a movable guide rod (709) is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the movable piston (708). The other end of the movable guide rod (709) passes through the upper wall of the inner cavity of the fixed cylinder (706) and extends to the outside of the wall. The top end of the movable guide rod (709) is connected to the side wall of the lifting slider (205).

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