Construction structure and method based on flexible grouting cloth bag coated with reinforcement cage

Abstract

The invention discloses a construction structure and method based on a flexible grouting cloth bag coated with a reinforcement cage, and belongs to the technical field of pile foundation engineering in geotechnical engineering, and the structure mainly comprises the reinforcement cage, the flexible cloth bag, a supporting device, a fixing device and a supporting rod. The reinforcement cage is sleeved and wrapped by the flexible cloth bag from bottom to top; the supporting device is arranged at an inlet of the karst cave to support the fixing device, the fixing device carries the multiple telescopic supporting rods to move to the inner side of a reinforcement cage in the karst cave, the two ends of the supporting rods penetrate through gaps of the reinforcement cage by extending the supporting rods, and the flexible cloth bag is pressed and anchored to the rock wall of the inner side of the karst cave opening. According to the scheme, mechanical anchoring and flexible adaptation are combined, grouting flowing is effectively restrained, the method adapts to the irregular shape of the karst cave, grout leakage is prevented, the filling compactness and the pile foundation bearing capacity are improved, the method is especially suitable for foundation treatment of the karst development area, and the method has the advantages of being high in construction efficiency and saving materials.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of pile foundation engineering technology in geotechnical engineering, specifically relating to a construction structure and method based on a flexible grouting bag encased in a reinforcing cage. Background Technology

[0002] In current foundation and geotechnical engineering construction, the presence of underground natural karst caves poses a serious threat to the stability of structural foundations. Karst caves may form due to karst processes, groundwater erosion, etc., and are characterized by complex shapes and irregular spaces. They are commonly found in karst regions of southern China and also exist beneath the foundations of tunnels, bridges, high-rise buildings, and other engineering projects. Currently, the treatment of these karst caves typically employs techniques such as large-volume grouting, reinforced cage support, or layered backfilling and grouting.

[0003] Large-volume grouting involves injecting cement grout, chemical grout, or concrete into the karst cave through drilling, attempting to completely fill the cavity. While this method is structurally simple, it requires a large amount of grout when the karst cave is large or complex in shape, increasing costs. Furthermore, the grout is prone to leakage along cracks, making it difficult to guarantee the grouting effect. To improve load-bearing capacity, some projects use a method of first placing a reinforcing cage structure and then injecting grout. However, in karst caves without reliable support surfaces, the reinforcing cage is difficult to place stably, posing a risk of sinking, displacement, or structural collapse, increasing construction difficulty and safety hazards. Especially when using only a reinforcing cage without other supporting structures, the grout may leak directly from inside the cage, resulting in material waste, like a "bottomless pit," severely affecting the reinforcement effect.

[0004] Other techniques attempt to use multi-stage grouting or physical isolation structures for layered reinforcement in order to control the direction and volume of grout diffusion. However, these methods often require special support structures or formwork systems, are complex to construct, and demand a high level of technical skill and on-site control from construction personnel, making them difficult to promote and use.

[0005] In summary, existing methods for treating karst caves generally suffer from problems such as significant material waste, uncontrollable grout diffusion, difficulty in positioning reinforced structures, complex construction procedures, and poor structural integrity. Particularly in the treatment of irregularly shaped, deep, or sloping karst caves, traditional rigid construction techniques lack flexibility and adaptability, often leading to issues such as incomplete grouting at the edges, hollow structures, and poor stability, making it difficult to meet high-standard foundation reinforcement requirements. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art described above, the purpose of this invention is to provide a construction structure and method based on a flexible grouting bag covered with a reinforcing cage, which solves the technical problems of large loss of grout and incomplete filling caused by complex geological conditions such as karst caves and fissures when drilling and grouting piles in karst development areas.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: This invention also provides a construction structure based on a flexible grouting bag encased in a reinforcing cage: including a reinforcing cage, a flexible bag, a support device, a fixing device, and a support rod; The flexible cloth bag is a bag structure with an open top. The flexible cloth bag is inserted into the steel cage from the bottom upwards. The support device is located at the entrance of the cave and is used to support the fixing device. The fixing device fixes the steel cage and the flexible cloth bag inside the cave entrance. The fixing device carries multiple support rods to the inside of the steel cage inside the cave. By extending the support rods, the two ends of the support rods pass through the steel cage and fix the flexible cloth bag to the inner wall of the cave entrance.

[0008] Optionally, the support device includes a top beam, support legs, and winches. The top beam is fixed to the top of the support legs, and multiple winches are slidably mounted on the top beam. The fixing device includes a suspension frame and multiple clamping components. The support rod includes a threaded cylinder, a clamping beam, and an extension beam. The clamping beam includes a beam body, a threaded rod, and a first inclined plate block. One end of the beam body is open inward, and the threaded rod is fixed to the closed end of the beam body. There are two clamping beams, and the threads of the two threaded rods have opposite directions. Multiple first inclined plate blocks are arrayed and fixed inside the beam body along its extension direction. The two ends of the threaded cylinder are threadedly connected to the two threaded rods respectively. There are two extension beams. The elongated beam includes a rod, a spring, and a second inclined plate catch. The two rods are slidably disposed within the two beams respectively. The second inclined plate catch is slidably disposed on the inner side of the sliding end of the rod. The spring abuts against the second inclined plate catch and the rod. When the rod slides away from the beam, the first inclined plate catch compresses the second inclined plate catch through the inclined surface, causing the second inclined plate catch to displace and allowing the rod to move. When the rod attempts to slide towards the beam, the first inclined plate catch is blocked by the second inclined plate catch. The clamping component includes a clamping assembly that clamps the two beams respectively, a locking assembly that rotates the threaded cylinder, and an elongation assembly that moves the rod.

[0009] Optionally, the clamping assembly includes a blocking seat and a clamping seat. The blocking seat includes a connecting beam, a stop bar, and a guide rod. The clamping seat includes an upper sliding beam, a connecting column, a clamping block, and a first cylinder. There are two stop bars, which are respectively fixedly connected to both ends of the connecting beam and extend downward. There is at least one guide rod, which is fixed to the side of the connecting beam. The connecting columns are respectively fixedly connected to both ends of the upper sliding beam and extend downward. The two clamping blocks are respectively fixed to the same side of the lower ends of the two connecting columns. The first cylinder is fixed on the upper sliding beam, and the output end of the first cylinder is fixedly connected to the connecting beam. The guide rod is slidably disposed on the upper sliding beam. The beam body has a column structure with a square cross-section. The two connecting columns are respectively opposite to the two stop bars and clamp the two beam bodies respectively. The stop bars and stop bars are on the side of the beam body. The side of the clamping block is provided with a groove that cooperates with the beam body. When the first cylinder retracts, the clamping block is engaged with the other side of the beam body and blocks the lower side of the beam body.

[0010] Optionally, the locking assembly includes an upper top seat, a second cylinder, a lower abutment seat, and a toothed plate. The upper top seat is fixedly mounted on the upper sliding beam. The second cylinder is mounted on the lower side of the upper top seat. The lower abutment seat is fixedly connected to the second cylinder. The toothed plate is fixed at the lower end of the lower abutment seat. An annular groove is formed inward in the middle section of the outer side of the threaded cylinder. A ring of meshing teeth that cooperate with the toothed plate is provided in the annular groove. When the clamping assembly clamps the support rod, the toothed plate meshes with the outer side of the threaded cylinder. The annular groove blocks both sides of the toothed plate. The second cylinder drives the toothed plate to move downward. The rotation of the threaded cylinder drives the two abutment beams to move outward.

[0011] Optionally, the elongation assembly includes a vent pipe and an air pipe connector, and the support rod further includes two air supply pipes. The inner sliding end of the rod body has an air hole. The two air supply pipes are respectively fixedly connected to the beam body. One end of the air supply pipe is located inside the beam body and is slidably and sealed within the air hole of the rod body. The other end of the air supply pipe slides through the closed end of the beam body and bends toward the clamping seat. There are two vent pipes and two air pipe connectors, which are respectively fixed to the lower end of the vent pipes. The upper end of the vent pipe is installed on the upper sliding beam. The air pipe connectors are connected to the vent pipes. The upper sliding beam is provided with a gas input channel connected to the vent pipes. When the clamping assembly clamps the support rod, the two air supply pipes are respectively inserted into the sides of the two air pipe connectors and connected to the vent pipes.

[0012] Optionally, the clamping assembly further includes a three-way solenoid valve, the input end of which is connected to the air pump, and the three output ends are respectively connected to the first cylinder, the second cylinder, and the gas input channel in the upper slide beam.

[0013] Optionally, the suspension frame includes two parallel slide rails, with the two ends of the two slide rails fixedly connected. The blocking seat also includes two slide blocks, which are fixedly installed on the upper end of the connecting beam. The slide blocks are slidably installed on the slide rails.

[0014] Optionally, the suspension frame further includes a guide cylinder, which is fixed between the two slide rails. When multiple fixing devices suspend the steel cage at the same time, the suspension rope of the lower suspension frame passes through the guide cylinder and extends upward.

[0015] Optionally, the elongated beam further includes fixing nails, with multiple fixing nails provided on the outer end face of each rod.

[0016] This invention also provides a construction method based on a flexible grouting bag covered with a reinforcing cage, using the construction structure of the flexible grouting bag based on a reinforcing cage as described in claim 1, and the steps are as follows: S1. According to the shape of the cave entrance, bind and assemble a cylindrical steel cage. The outer diameter of the steel cage must be smaller than the minimum inner diameter of the cave entrance. S2. Insert the flexible cloth bag into the steel cage from the bottom upwards, so that the steel cage is completely filled into the flexible cloth bag. S3. Place the entire steel cage and flexible cloth bag into the target position at the entrance of the karst cave; S4. Temporarily fix the flexible cloth bag at the entrance of the cave, with the opening of the flexible cloth bag facing outwards from the entrance of the cave. S5. Inject grout into the flexible fabric bag through the grouting port, allowing the grout to diffuse within the bag and fill the gap between the reinforcing cage and the fabric bag. S6. Solidify the slurry to form a solidified whole.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: through the synergistic effect of "mechanical anchoring" and "flexible adaptation," it solves the industry problem of easy grout loss and incomplete filling during pile foundation construction under complex geological conditions such as karst areas. Specifically, a flexible cloth bag wraps the reinforcing cage and anchors it to the karst cave wall with support rods, forming a sealed barrier that restricts the flow of grouting material and effectively prevents grout from seeping into cracks, thereby significantly improving the density of the filling and the bearing capacity of the pile foundation. At the same time, this structure can adapt to the irregular shape of the karst cave, reduce material waste, and significantly save costs and construction time while ensuring construction quality, combining reliability, economy, and environmental adaptability.

[0018] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in the following description and will be apparent to those skilled in the art in some respects, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and beneficial effects of this invention clearer, the following figures are provided for illustration: Figure 1 This invention provides a schematic diagram illustrating the installation of the reinforcing cage and flexible cloth bag during the construction process of this embodiment. Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the steel cage and flexible cloth bag being placed into the karst cave entrance during the construction steps of this invention embodiment; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the fixing device according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the first structure of the clamping component according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the second structure of the clamping component according to an embodiment of the invention; Figure 6 A partial cross-sectional view of the support rod in an embodiment of the invention; The following are labels in the attached diagram: 1. Reinforcing cage; 2. Flexible cloth bag; 3. Support device; 31. Top beam; 32. Support leg; 33. Winch; 4. Fixing device; 41. Suspension frame; 411. Slide rail; 412. Guide cylinder; 42. Clamping component; 421. Clamping assembly; 4211. Stop seat; 42111. Connecting beam; 42112. Stop bar; 42113. Guide rod; 42114. Slide seat; 4212. Clamping seat; 42121. Upper sliding beam; 42122. Connecting column; 42123. Clamping block; 42124. First cylinder ; 4213, Three-way solenoid valve; 422, Locking assembly; 4221, Upper top seat; 4222, Second cylinder; 4223, Lower abutment seat; 4224, Tooth plate; 423, Extension assembly; 4231, Air pipe; 4232, Air pipe connector; 5, Support rod; 51, Threaded cylinder; 511, Annular groove; 52, Abutting beam; 521, Beam body; 522, Threaded rod; 523, First inclined surface locking block; 53, Extension beam; 531, Rod body; 532, Spring; 533, Second inclined surface locking block; 534, Fixing pin; 54, Air supply pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The following specific embodiments illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification.

[0021] Please refer to the figures. It should be understood that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., depicted in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes to aid those skilled in the art and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the disclosed technical content. Furthermore, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0022] The following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only. These embodiments can be combined and are not limited to the content shown in any single embodiment below.

[0023] This invention provides a construction structure based on a flexible grouting bag covering a reinforcing cage 1, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the structure includes a steel cage 1, a flexible cloth bag 2, a support device 3, a fixing device 4, and support rods 5. The flexible cloth bag 2 is a bag structure with an open top. The flexible cloth bag 2 is inserted into the steel cage 1 from the bottom upwards. The support device 3 is located at the entrance of the cave and is used to support the fixing device 4. The fixing device 4 fixes the steel cage 1 and the flexible cloth bag 2 inside the cave entrance. The fixing device 4 moves multiple support rods 5 to the inside of the steel cage 1 inside the cave. By extending the support rods 5, both ends of the support rods 5 pass through the steel cage 1 and fix the flexible cloth bag 2 to the inner wall of the cave entrance.

[0024] The construction structure provided by this invention mainly consists of a reinforcing cage 1, a flexible geotextile bag 2, a support device 3, a fixing device 4, and a support rod 5. The flexible geotextile bag 2 is made of high-strength composite geotextile (such as flexible fiber cloth) and is wrapped around the bottom of the reinforcing cage 1 from the top up to form a seepage barrier. The support device 3 is located at the entrance of the karst cave and serves as a temporary positioning device. The fixing device 4 carries the retractable support rod 5 to the inside of the reinforcing cage 1. By extending the support rod 5 so that its two ends penetrate the gaps in the reinforcing cage 1, the flexible geotextile bag 2 is pressed tightly and anchored to the inner rock wall of the karst cave entrance. This structure, through the combination of mechanical fixing and flexible materials, effectively solves the problem of easy grout loss at the karst cave entrance. The geotextile bag not only constrains the grout flow and adapts to the irregular shape of the karst cave, but its sealing properties also prevent grout leakage, improve filling density, and save grouting time and materials. This design combines the dual advantages of "mechanical anchoring" and "flexible adaptation": the support rod 5 provides rigid support to ensure system stability; while the flexibility of the geotextile bag can fit into cracks, reducing material waste. In terms of effectiveness, this structure significantly improves the efficiency of karst cave filling and the bearing capacity of pile foundations, reduces construction risks and costs, and is especially suitable for foundation treatment in karst development areas.

[0025] In further proposals, such as Figures 1-6As shown, the support device 3 includes a top beam 31, support legs 32, and winches 33. The top beam 31 is fixed to the top of the support legs 32. Multiple winches 33 are slidably mounted on the top beam 31. The fixing device 4 includes a suspension frame 41 and multiple clamping components 42. The support rod 5 includes a threaded cylinder 51, a clamping beam 52, and an extension beam 53. The clamping beam 52 includes a beam body 521, threaded rods 522, and first inclined plate blocks 523. One end of the beam body 521 is open inwards. The threaded rods 522 are fixed to the closed end of the beam body 521. There are two clamping beams 52, and the threads of the two threaded rods 522 have opposite directions. Multiple first inclined plate blocks 523 are arrayed and fixed to the inner side of the beam body 521 along its extension direction. The two ends of the threaded cylinder 51 are threadedly connected to two threaded rods 522 respectively. There are two extension beams 53. 3 includes a rod 531, a spring 532, and a second inclined plate block 533. The two rods 531 are slidably disposed within the two beams 521, and the second inclined plate block 533 is slidably disposed on the inner side of the sliding end of the rod 531. The spring 532 abuts against the second inclined plate block 533 and the rod 531. When the rod 531 slides away from the beam 521, the first inclined plate block 523 compresses the second inclined plate block 533 through the inclined surface, causing the second inclined plate block 533 to displace and allowing the rod 531 to move. When the rod 531 attempts to slide towards the beam 521, the first inclined plate block 523 is blocked by the second inclined plate block 533. The clamping component 42 includes a clamping assembly 421 for clamping the two beams 521, a locking assembly 422 for rotating the threaded cylinder 51, and an extension assembly 423 for moving the rod 531.

[0026] The construction structure further disclosed in this invention includes a support device 3 composed of a top beam 31, support legs 32, and multiple winches 33. The support legs 32 provide stable bottom support, the top beam 31 spans the entrance of the karst cave, and the multiple winches 33 slidably mounted on it provide hoisting and displacement capabilities. In the fixing device 4, the suspension frame 41 is suspended by the winches 33, each carrying a clamping component 42 and supporting the movement of the reinforcing cage 1 into the karst cave. The support rod 5 is mainly composed of a threaded cylinder 51, two clamping beams 52, and two extension beams 53. The threaded rods 522 of the two clamping beams 52 have opposite thread directions and are connected to a threaded cylinder 51. By rotating the threaded cylinder 51, the two clamping beams 52 can be driven by the threaded pair to move synchronously towards or away from each other, thereby realizing the overall extension and retraction of the support rod 5. The rod body 531 of the extension beam 53 is slidably nested within the clamping beam 52, and its end is provided with a second inclined block 533 under the action of a spring 532. When the extension beam 53 extends outward, the second inclined plate block 533 slides along the inclined surface of the first inclined plate block 523 inside the clamping beam 52 and is compressed by the spring 532, thus passing smoothly. When an external force attempts to retract the extension beam 53, the second inclined plate block 533 is locked with the vertical surface of the first inclined plate block 523 under the action of the spring 532, forming an effective one-way anti-retraction mechanism. The clamping component 42 provides the operating basis for the whole set of actions. It includes a clamping component 421 that clamps the two clamping beams 52 respectively, a locking component 422 that drives the threaded cylinder 51 to rotate, and an extension component 423 that controls the extension of the extension beam 53. During construction, the extension component 423 first activates, pushing the rods 531 of the two extension beams 53 outwards, passing through the mesh of the reinforcing cage 1 until they initially contact the inner rock wall of the karst cave entrance. Then, the locking component 422 operates, rotating the threaded cylinder 51, causing the two clamping beams 52 to open and firmly clamp the extension beams 53 against the karst cave entrance. At this time, due to the one-way anti-reverse mechanism, and through the clamping beams 52 and the extension beams 53, the flexible grout bag 2 is tightly pressed against the rock wall, forming a stable closed system. The extension beams 53 also include fixing nails 534, with multiple fixing nails 534 on the outer end face of each rod 531. By setting the fixing nails 534, the anchoring capacity of the support beams on the rock wall is enhanced. This design ensures that during pile foundation construction under complex karst cave geological conditions, the flexible grouting bag can be reliably fixed to the sidewall of the karst cave at multiple points, preventing the bag from falling during grouting and effectively preventing grout leakage.

[0027] In a further proposed solution, as shown in the figure... Figure 4As shown, the clamping assembly 421 includes a blocking seat 4211 and a clamping seat 4212. The blocking seat 4211 includes a connecting beam 42111, a stop bar 42112, and a guide rod 42113. The clamping seat 4212 includes an upper sliding beam 42121, a connecting column 42122, a clamping block 42123, and a first cylinder 42124. There are two stop bars 42112, which are respectively fixedly connected to both ends of the connecting beam 42111 and extend downward. There is at least one guide rod 42113, which is fixed to the side of the connecting beam 42111. The connecting columns 42122 are respectively fixedly connected to both ends of the upper sliding beam 42121 and extend downward. The two clamping blocks 42123 are respectively fixed to the two connecting columns 42122. On the same side, the first cylinder 42124 is fixed on the upper sliding beam 42121, and the output end of the first cylinder 42124 is fixedly connected to the connecting beam 42111. The guide rod 42113 is slidably disposed on the upper sliding beam 42121. The beam 521 has a column structure with a square cross section. The two connecting columns 42122 are respectively opposite to the two stop bars 42112 and are respectively clamped on the two beams 521. The stop bars 42112 stop the columns on the side of the beam 521. The side of the clamping block 42123 is provided with a groove that cooperates with the beam 521. When the first cylinder 42124 retracts, the clamping block 42123 is fastened to the other side of the beam 521 and blocks the lower side of the beam 521.

[0028] In this further embodiment, the clamping assembly 421 works in conjunction with the blocking seat 4211 and the clamping seat 4212 to clamp the abutment beam 52 component. Specifically, the blocking seat 4211 consists of a connecting beam 42111, two vertically arranged baffles 42112, and at least one guide rod 42113. The baffles 42112 are fixed to both ends of the connecting beam 42111 and extend downwards, playing a major blocking role; the guide rod 42113 is installed on the side of the connecting beam 42111. The clamping seat 4212 includes an upper sliding beam 42121, two vertically fixed connecting columns 42122, a clamping block 42123 installed at the lower end of the connecting columns 42122, and a first cylinder 42124 for driving. The mechanism works as follows: the first cylinder 42124 retracts, pulling the entire clamping seat 4212 towards the blocking seat 4211. Due to the sliding engagement between the guide rod 42113 and the upper sliding beam 42121, the movement is accurately guided. Simultaneously, the clamping block 42123, fixed on the clamping seat 4212, with its groove matching the shape of the beam 521, engages the side and bottom of the beam 521 from the other side, forming a firm constraint. This design converts the cylinder drive into a clamping force on the beam 521. This clamping method ensures that the beam 521 will not slip or overturn under force and provides axial rotation restriction for the subsequent rotation of the threaded cylinder 51. The clamping assembly 421, through the cylinder drive, links the blocking seat 4211 with the clamping seat 4212, achieving rapid and firm clamping of the beam 521.

[0029] In further proposals, such as Figure 4 As shown, the locking assembly 422 includes an upper top seat 4221, a second cylinder 4222, a lower abutment 4223, and a toothed plate 4224. The upper top seat 4221 is fixedly mounted on the upper sliding beam 42121. The second cylinder 4222 is mounted on the lower side of the upper top seat 4221. The lower abutment 4223 is fixedly connected to the second cylinder 4222. The toothed plate 4224 is fixed to the lower end of the lower abutment 4223. The threaded cylinder 5... An annular groove 511 is formed inward from the middle section of the outer side. The annular groove 511 is provided with a ring of meshing teeth that cooperate with the toothed plate 4224. When the clamping assembly 421 clamps the support rod 5, the toothed plate 4224 meshes with the outer side of the threaded cylinder 51. The annular groove 511 blocks both sides of the toothed plate 4224. The second cylinder 4222 drives the toothed plate 4224 to move downward. The rotation of the threaded cylinder 51 drives the two clamping beams 52 to move outward.

[0030] In this further embodiment, the locking assembly 422, through a combination of cylinder drive and gear rack mechanism, effectively drives the rotation of the threaded cylinder 51 of the support rod 5, thereby controlling the extension and retraction of the abutment beam 52. Specifically, the locking assembly 422 consists of an upper top seat 4221, a second cylinder 4222, a lower abutment seat 4223, and a toothed plate 4224. The upper top seat 4221 is fixed to the upper sliding beam 42121 to provide an installation base. The second cylinder 4222 is installed below the upper top seat 4221, and its piston rod is connected to the lower abutment seat 4223. The toothed plate 4224 is fixed to the bottom of the lower abutment seat 4223. A ring groove 511 is formed in the middle of the outer side of the threaded cylinder 51, and meshing teeth that can mesh with the toothed plate 4224 are machined in the groove. After the clamping assembly 421 firmly clamps the beam 521 of the support rod 5, the toothed plate 4224 engages with the meshing teeth in the annular groove 511. To avoid rigid collision between the meshing teeth and the toothed plate 4224, the second cylinder 4222 and the upper seat 4221 can be provided with an elastic movable connection. When the lower seat 4223 and the toothed plate 4224 move downward under the drive of the second cylinder 4222, the toothed plate 4224 can quickly engage with the threaded cylinder 51 and drive the threaded cylinder 51 to rotate. At the same time, the two side walls of the annular groove 511 form an axial limit on the toothed plate 4224, effectively preventing the threaded cylinder 51 from axially moving during rotation. The second cylinder 4222 applies a downward force, and the rack-shaped toothed plate 4224 converts the linear thrust into a rotational torque on the threaded cylinder 51, driving it to rotate. Because the threaded rods 522 at the ends of the two clamping beams 52 rotate in opposite directions, the rotation of the threaded cylinder 51 synchronously drives the two clamping beams 52 to move in opposite linear motions, thereby achieving the overall extension and locking of the support rod 5. This design converts the power of the linear cylinder into precise rotational control through a gear and rack mechanism. Its force transmission is direct, and its structure is compact and reliable, ensuring effective and controllable locking of the support rod 5 in the karst cave construction environment.

[0031] In further proposals, such as Figure 5As shown, the elongation assembly 423 includes a vent pipe 4231 and a pipe connector 4232. The support rod 5 also includes two air supply pipes 54. The inner sliding end of the rod body 531 has an air hole. The two air supply pipes 54 are fixedly connected to the beam body 521. One end of the air supply pipe 54 is located inside the beam body 521 and is slidably and sealed within the air hole of the rod body 531. The other end of the air supply pipe 54 slides through the closed end of the beam body 521 and bends toward the clamp 4212. There are two 4231 tubes, and two tracheal connectors 4232 are respectively fixed to the lower end of the tracheal tube 4231. The upper end of the tracheal tube 4231 is installed on the upper sliding beam 42121. The tracheal connectors 4232 are connected to the tracheal tube 4231. The upper sliding beam 42121 is provided with a gas input channel connected to the tracheal tube 4231. When the clamping assembly 421 clamps the support rod 5, the two gas supply pipes 54 are respectively inserted into the sides of the two tracheal connectors 4232 and connected to the tracheal tube 4231.

[0032] In this further embodiment, the elongation assembly 423 employs a design combining pneumatic drive and an internal air supply pipe 54 to achieve smooth and controllable ejection of the elongated beam 53 within the support rod 5. Specifically, this assembly mainly consists of an external vent pipe 4231, an air pipe connector 4232, and an air supply pipe 54 integrated inside the support rod 5. Each beam 521 has a fixed air supply pipe 54, one end of which is slidably and sealed into an air hole at the inner end of the elongated beam 53 (rod 531), while the other end extends outwards to the closed end of the beam 521. Simultaneously, the vent pipe 4231 mounted on the upper sliding beam 42121 establishes a pluggable, quick-connect air path with the air supply pipe 54 via the air pipe connector 4232. When the clamping assembly 421 accurately clamps the support rod 5, the ends of the two air supply pipes 54 are inserted into the corresponding air pipe connectors 4232, thus forming a gas channel. When action is required, compressed gas enters the vent pipe 4231 through the gas input channel located within the upper sliding beam 42121, and is then delivered to the gas supply pipe 54 via the gas pipe connector 4232. Finally, it is introduced through the air hole in the rod 531 into the sealed cavity formed by the sliding of the rod 531 and the beam 521. The continuous action of gas pressure pushes the rod 531 to slide outward relative to the beam 521, thereby extending the support rod 5. This pneumatic drive method features a compact structure, direct force transmission, rapid response, and ease of remote control. It is particularly suitable for narrow construction environments in karst caves where direct operation is difficult, effectively improving the automation and reliability of the support rod 5 positioning.

[0033] In further proposals, such as Figure 5As shown, the clamping assembly 421 also includes a three-way solenoid valve 4213. The input end of the three-way solenoid valve 4213 is connected to the air pump, and the three output ends are respectively connected to the gas input channel in the first cylinder 42124, the second cylinder 4222, and the upper slide beam 42121.

[0034] In this further embodiment, the clamping assembly 421 integrates a three-way solenoid valve 4213 as the core of pneumatic control. Its input is connected to the air source provided by the air pump, and its three outputs are respectively connected to the gas input channels of the first cylinder 42124 controlling the clamping assembly 421, the second cylinder 4222 controlling the locking assembly 422, and the extension assembly 423. This design utilizes the centralized control of a single three-way solenoid valve 4213 to achieve unified allocation and switching of power sources for the three key pneumatic actuators, simplifying the piping layout. When the solenoid valve coil is energized, the valve core moves, changing the air path, thereby supplying air to each actuator and ensuring the operation and control of clamping, locking, and extension actions.

[0035] In further proposals, such as Figure 3 As shown, the suspension frame 41 includes two parallel slide rails 411, with the two ends of the two slide rails 411 fixedly connected. The blocking seat 4211 also includes a slide block 42114, of which there are two slide blocks 42114 and are fixedly installed on the upper end of the connecting beam 42111. The slide blocks 42114 are slidably installed on the slide rails 411.

[0036] In this further embodiment, the suspension frame 41 adopts a rigid frame structure consisting of two parallel slide rails 411 and fixed connecting beams at both ends, which facilitates the adjustment of multiple clamping components 42. The two sliding blocks 42114 fixed to the upper end of the connecting beam 42111 form a sliding fit with the slide rails 411, so that the entire clamping component 42, which integrates the clamping component 421, the locking component 422 and the extension component 423, can move flexibly and smoothly along the length of the suspension frame 41 as a whole unit to adapt to steel cages 1 with different spacing and space sizes.

[0037] In further proposals, such as Figure 3 As shown, the suspension frame 41 also includes a guide cylinder 412, which is fixed between the two slide rails 411. When multiple fixing devices 4 suspend the steel cage 1 at the same time, the suspension rope of the lower suspension frame 41 passes through the guide cylinder 412 and extends upward.

[0038] In this further embodiment, the guide cylinder 412 added to the suspension frame 41 is fixedly connected between two parallel slide rails 411, forming a centralized guiding structure. Its core function is that when multiple fixing devices 4 work together to suspend the large steel cage 1, the guide cylinder 412 of the upper suspension frame 41 provides a unified passageway for the hoisting ropes of the adjacent lower suspension frames 41. The hoisting ropes pass through the guide cylinder 412 sequentially from top to bottom and connect to the steel cage 1. This effectively regulates the spatial distribution of multiple hoisting ropes, avoiding friction and entanglement problems caused by the ropes crossing, swinging, or being pressed against the slide rails 411. This design, through forced guiding constraints, ensures that multiple suspension fixing units can move independently and smoothly in the complex karst cave construction environment, thereby greatly improving the stability, synchronization, and operational safety of the entire steel cage 1 system during its lowering process.

[0039] This invention also proposes a construction method based on a flexible grouting bag covering a reinforcing cage 1. The construction structure based on the flexible grouting bag covering a reinforcing cage 1 described above has the following steps: S1. According to the shape of the cave entrance, bind and assemble the cylindrical steel cage 1. The outer diameter of the steel cage 1 must be smaller than the minimum inner diameter of the cave entrance. S2. Insert the flexible cloth bag 2 from the bottom of the steel cage 1 upwards into the steel cage 1, so that the steel cage 1 is completely filled into the flexible cloth bag 2. S3. Place the entire steel cage 1 and flexible cloth bag 2 into the target position at the entrance of the karst cave; S4. Temporarily fix the flexible cloth bag 2 at the entrance of the cave, with the opening of the flexible cloth bag 2 facing outwards from the entrance of the cave. S5. Inject grout into the flexible bag 2 through the grouting port, allowing the grout to diffuse within the bag and fill the gap between the reinforcing cage 1 and the bag. S6. Solidify the slurry to form a solidified whole.

[0040] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made to it in form and detail without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A construction structure based on a flexible grouting bag encasing a reinforcing cage, characterized in that: It includes a steel cage (1), a flexible cloth bag (2), a support device (3), a fixing device (4), and a support rod (5); The flexible bag (2) is a bag structure with an open top. The flexible bag (2) is inserted into the steel cage (1) from the bottom upward. The support device (3) is located at the entrance of the cave and is used to support the fixing device (4). The fixing device (4) fixes the steel cage (1) and the flexible bag (2) inside the cave entrance. The fixing device (4) carries multiple support rods (5) to the inside of the steel cage (1) in the cave. By extending the support rods (5), the two ends of the support rods (5) pass through the steel cage (1) and fix the flexible cloth bag (2) to the inner wall of the cave entrance.

2. The construction structure based on a flexible grouting bag encased in a reinforcing cage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support device (3) includes a top beam (31), support legs (32), and winches (33). The top beam (31) is fixed to the top of the support legs (32). Multiple winches (33) are slidably mounted on the top beam (31). The fixing device (4) includes a suspension frame (41) and multiple clamping components (42). The support rod (5) includes a threaded cylinder (51), a clamping beam (52), and an extension beam (53). The clamping beam (52) includes a beam body (521), a threaded rod (522), and... The first inclined plate (523) has an inward opening at one end of the beam (521), and the threaded rod (522) is fixed to the closed end of the beam (521). There are two clamping beams (52), and the threads of the two threaded rods (522) are turned in opposite directions. There are multiple first inclined plate (523) arranged in an array along the extension direction of the beam (521) and fixed to the inside of the beam (521). The two ends of the threaded cylinder (51) are threadedly connected to the two threaded rods (522) respectively. There are two extension beams (53). (53) Includes a rod (531), a spring (532), and a second inclined plate block (533). The two rods (531) are slidably disposed within two beams (521). The second inclined plate block (533) is slidably disposed on the inner side of the sliding end of the rod (531). The spring (532) abuts against the second inclined plate block (533) and the rod (531). When the rod (531) slides away from the beam (521), the first inclined plate block (523) compresses the second inclined plate block (531) through the inclined surface. Two inclined plate blocks (533), the second inclined plate block (533) is displaced, so that the rod (531) can move. When the rod (531) attempts to slide towards the beam (521), the first inclined plate block (523) is blocked by the second inclined plate block (533). The clamping component (42) includes a clamping assembly (421) for clamping the two beams (521) respectively, a locking assembly (422) for rotating the threaded cylinder (51) and an extension assembly (423) for moving the rod (531).

3. The construction structure based on a flexible grouting bag encased in a reinforcing cage according to claim 2, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (421) includes a blocking seat (4211) and a clamping seat (4212). The blocking seat (4211) includes a connecting beam (42111), a stop bar (42112), and a guide rod (42113). The clamping seat (4212) includes an upper sliding beam (42121), a connecting column (42122), a clamping block (42123), and a first cylinder (42124). There are two stop bars (42112), which are respectively fixedly connected to both ends of the connecting beam (42111) and extend downward. There is at least one guide rod (42113) and it is fixed to the side of the connecting beam (42111). The connecting column (42122) is respectively fixedly connected to both ends of the upper sliding beam (42121) and extends downward. The two clamping blocks (42123) are respectively fixed to the two connecting columns (42122). On the same side of the lower end, the first cylinder (42124) is fixed on the upper sliding beam (42121). The output end of the first cylinder (42124) is fixedly connected to the connecting beam (42111). The guide rod (42113) is slidably disposed on the upper sliding beam (42121). The beam body (521) has a column structure with a square cross section. The two connecting columns (42122) are respectively opposite to the two baffles (42112) and are respectively clamped on the two beam bodies (521). The baffles (42112) are baffles on the side of the beam body (521). The side of the clamping block (42123) is provided with a groove that cooperates with the beam body (521). When the first cylinder (42124) retracts, the clamping block (42123) is fastened to the other side of the beam body (521) and blocks the lower side of the beam body (521).

4. The construction structure based on a flexible grouting bag encased in a reinforcing cage according to claim 3, characterized in that: The locking assembly (422) includes an upper top seat (4221), a second cylinder (4222), a lower abutment (4223), and a toothed plate (4224). The upper top seat (4221) is fixedly mounted on the upper slide beam (42121). The second cylinder (4222) is mounted on the lower side of the upper top seat (4221). The lower abutment (4223) is fixedly connected to the second cylinder (4222). The toothed plate (4224) is fixed to the lower end of the lower abutment (4223). The threaded cylinder (51) An annular groove (511) is opened inward in the middle section of the outer side. A ring of meshing teeth that cooperate with the toothed plate (4224) is provided in the annular groove (511). When the clamping assembly (421) clamps the support rod (5), the toothed plate (4224) meshes with the outer side of the threaded cylinder (51). The annular groove (511) blocks both sides of the toothed plate (4224). The second cylinder (4222) drives the toothed plate (4224) to move down. The threaded cylinder (51) rotates and drives the two clamping beams (52) to move outward.

5. The construction structure based on a flexible grouting bag encased in a reinforcing cage according to claim 4, characterized in that: The elongation assembly (423) includes a vent pipe (4231) and a pipe connector (4232). The support rod (5) also includes two air supply pipes (54). The inner sliding end of the rod body (531) has an air hole. The two air supply pipes (54) are fixedly connected to the beam body (521). One end of the air supply pipe (54) is located inside the beam body (521) and is slidably and sealed in the air hole of the rod body (531). The other end of the air supply pipe (54) slides through the closed end of the beam body (521) and bends toward the clamp (4212). The vent pipe (4231) is also connected to the support rod (522). 231) There are two, the air pipe connectors (4232) are two and are respectively fixed to the lower end of the air pipe (4231), the upper end of the air pipe (4231) is installed on the upper sliding beam (42121), the air pipe connectors (4232) are connected to the air pipe (4231), the upper sliding beam (42121) is provided with a gas input channel connected to the air pipe (4231), when the clamping assembly (421) clamps the support rod (5), the two air supply pipes (54) are respectively inserted into the sides of the two air pipe connectors (4232) and connected to the air pipe (4231).

6. The construction structure based on a flexible grouting bag encased in a reinforcing cage according to claim 5, characterized in that: The clamping assembly (421) also includes a three-way solenoid valve (4213), the input end of which is connected to the air pump, and the three output ends are respectively connected to the gas input channels in the first cylinder (42124), the second cylinder (4222), and the upper slide beam (42121).

7. The construction structure based on a flexible grouting bag encased in a reinforcing cage according to claim 6, characterized in that: The suspension frame (41) includes two parallel slide rails (411), with the two ends of the two slide rails (411) fixedly connected. The blocking seat (4211) also includes a slide block (42114), of which there are two slide blocks (42114) and they are fixedly installed on the upper end of the connecting beam (42111). The slide blocks (42114) are slidably installed on the slide rails (411).

8. The construction structure based on a flexible grouting bag encased in a reinforcing cage according to claim 7, characterized in that: The suspension frame (41) also includes a guide cylinder (412), which is fixed between the two slide rails (411). When multiple fixing devices (4) suspend the steel cage (1) at the same time, the suspension rope of the lower suspension frame (41) passes through the guide cylinder (412) and extends upward.

9. The construction structure based on a flexible grouting bag encased in a reinforcing cage according to claim 8, characterized in that: The elongated beam (53) also includes fixing nails (534), and each of the rods (531) has multiple fixing nails (534) on its outer end face.

10. A construction method based on a flexible grouting bag encased in a reinforcing cage, employing the construction structure of the flexible grouting bag based on a reinforcing cage as described in claim 1, comprising the following steps: S1. According to the shape of the cave entrance, bind and assemble a cylindrical steel cage (1). The outer diameter of the steel cage (1) must be smaller than the minimum inner diameter of the cave entrance. S2. Insert the flexible cloth bag (2) into the steel cage (1) from the bottom upwards, so that the steel cage (1) is completely filled into the flexible cloth bag (2); S3. Place the entire steel cage (1) and flexible cloth bag (2) into the target position at the entrance of the karst cave; S4. Temporarily fix the flexible cloth bag (2) at the entrance of the cave, with the opening of the flexible cloth bag (2) facing outwards from the entrance of the cave; S5. Inject grout into the flexible bag (2) through the grouting port, allowing the grout to spread inside the bag and fill the gap between the reinforcing cage (1) and the bag. S6. Solidify the slurry to form a solidified whole.

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