Vertical downward extending type dredging method and equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a vertical downward extending type dredging method which comprises the following steps: drilling and opening a hole: vertically downward extending and drilling a digging head from a river, lake and reservoir bed to a digging area through a retention layer, and forming a drill hole in the retention layer by the digging head; expanding excavation: expanding excavation in the excavation area from top to bottom by the excavation head, wherein the transverse size of the excavation boundary is larger than that of the drill hole; mixing the excavated substance with water to form a fluid; pumping and recharging: pumping and outputting the fluid, synchronously recharging water to the goaf, and jacking the lower part of the retention layer so as to carry out soft support on the retention layer; and settling: settling the retention layer above the goaf to the goaf. The invention further provides the vertical downward extending type dredging equipment. Compared with the prior art, the vertical downward extending type dredging method and equipment provided by the invention have the advantages that the pollution to a water body in a dredging area can be reduced to the greatest extent, and low-disturbance desilting and dredging are realized; and deposited valuable resources can be efficiently excavated, and the water environment ecological management requirements of ecological dredging and dredged object regeneration and recycling are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of water environment management technology, and in particular to a vertically extending dredging method and equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, due to the emphasis on water conservancy construction, the development of water environment management and resource demand, the management of rivers, lakes, reservoirs and seas has put forward the requirements of ecological dredging and recycling of dredged materials. Therefore, water environment management projects are required to achieve the ecological requirements of low disturbance to the environment and optimal resource utilization.

[0003] However, due to the relatively lagging development of water conservancy construction and the deep-seated valuable resources in the dredged material, traditional existing processes and equipment mostly employ top-down methods, which disturb the retention layer and cause harmful substances in the retention layer to spread and pollute the water body, failing to meet the needs of ecological dredging. While drilling-type equipment can drill below the retention layer for dredging, its form and process limitations restrict its use in deep layers and wide-diameter mining scenarios. The industry needs eco-friendly technologies, equipment, and related process support. This is because drilling-type equipment uses water jet drilling with the drill rod as the first drill bit, supplemented by water jet vacuum and centrifugal pump vacuum extraction. It is more effective in fluid or loose layers such as river sand and silt, but in dense or cemented layers, the soil's self-supporting nature limits collapse and segregation, thus limiting the mining boundaries and efficiency. However, since the dredging of shallow swamps, beaches, rivers, lakes, and reservoirs is for ecological purposes and the recycling of dredged materials, it is generally necessary to extract valuable resources from deep sediments. However, deep sediments are relatively dense or cemented due to their long deposition period, so drilling and existing mining techniques cannot meet the needs of ecological mining. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a vertically extending dredging method and equipment that can achieve low-disturbance dredging.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A vertically extending dredging method includes: Drilling and opening: The mining head extends vertically downward from the river, lake, or reservoir bed through the retaining layer to the mining area, and the mining head forms a borehole in the retaining layer; Extended mining: The mining head extends the mining area from top to bottom, and the lateral dimension of the mining boundary is larger than that of the borehole; the mined material mixes with water to form a fluid. Pumping and reinjection: The fluid is pumped out and simultaneously reinjected into the goaf to support the lower part of the retaining layer, thus providing soft support for the retaining layer.

[0006] Preferably, the mining head includes a first drilling tool, which is used for drilling and opening holes and for drilling down during boundary expansion mining; the first drilling tool is provided with a water jet nozzle connected to a water pipe, and an annular jet curtain nozzle is provided around the water jet nozzle; during boundary expansion mining, the water jet nozzle and the jet curtain nozzle simultaneously spray to form a high-pressure water jet surrounded by the air curtain. During boundary expansion mining, the first drilling tool rotates, and the pulsed water jet under the air curtain generates a water hammer effect to horizontally cut the material in the mining area. Under the combined stirring action of the rotating water power and the exhaust gas of the air curtain, the mined material forms a fluid with a certain density and boundary. The first drilling tool moves from top to bottom to mine to the specified depth. Alternatively, the mining head includes two telescopic arms, which are fixed opposite each other on a rotary platform. Each telescopic arm can extend from a vertical position to a set angle, and a second drill bit is provided at the end of each telescopic arm. When drilling to open the hole, the second drill bits of the two telescopic arms rotate vertically side by side to cut and drill down to the mining area. When expanding the mining area, the two telescopic arms extend and simultaneously extend to cooperate with the second drill bit to rotate and cut to the corresponding boundary. Then, the rotary platform drives the two telescopic arms to rotate a certain angle, and the second drill bit on the two telescopic arms rotates to cut, retract, and close to a vertical position. The above operation is repeated until the full-section mining is completed. During the mining process, water is simultaneously transported to the mining head area through a water pipe to mix with the mined material and form a fluid under the stirring of the second drill bit. Then, the second drill bit moves from top to bottom, continuously repeating the above cutting and stirring operations to the calibrated depth.

[0007] Preferably, the mining head is connected to the mining platform via a mining drive device, which includes a liftable gantry, a chain assembly, a first chain winding mechanism, a second chain winding mechanism, a first sprocket assembly, and a second sprocket assembly. The chain assembly includes a cooperating first chain and a second chain, one end of which is respectively connected to the first chain winding mechanism and the second chain winding mechanism fixed on the mining platform, so that they can be stacked and wound around the chain winding mechanism during storage. The other ends are connected to the mining head. Each of the first and second chain rows includes two chains and a connector, and the two chains are fixed to a connecting... The two ends of the connector form a groove shape on opposite sides; each chain includes multiple chain plates hinged together by pins; the first sprocket group and the second sprocket group are mounted on a liftable gantry frame, each including two synchronously rotating sprockets, each sprocket having teeth corresponding to the chain pins, used to insert between adjacent pins to rotate under the drive of the power mechanism, driving the first chain row and the second chain row to move; the chain plates of the first chain row and the second chain row are correspondingly provided with interlocking structures, when the first chain row and the second chain row are engaged under the drive of the corresponding sprockets, they interlock through the interlocking structures to form a rigid frame with a hollow cavity, which serves as a drill rod.

[0008] Preferably, the suction and reinjection step further includes: Screening: After the fluid is pumped out, it is screened to form wastewater and slag. The wastewater formed by screening is mixed with the mined material to form a fluid, and is simultaneously reinjected into the goaf during pumping.

[0009] Preferably, after mining is completed, the water body in the goaf is subjected to pulsating resonance operation to cause the retaining layer above the goaf to collapse and settle.

[0010] A vertically extending dredging device, comprising: Mining platform; The excavation head, installed on the excavation platform, is used for drilling and boundary expansion. When drilling, the excavation head extends vertically downward from the river, lake, or reservoir bed through the retention layer to the excavation area, forming a borehole in the retention layer. When expanding the boundary, the excavation head expands the boundary from top to bottom in the excavation area, and the lateral dimension of the excavated boundary is larger than the borehole. Water pipes extend from the mining platform to the mining head to transport water to the mining area to make the mined material form a fluid. The suction device includes a suction power mechanism, a suction port, and a suction pipe. The suction power mechanism is installed on the mining head, and the suction port is located on the mining head and connected to the suction pipe. The fluid formed during mining is output from the suction port through the suction pipe via the suction power mechanism. The reinjection device includes a reinjection power mechanism, a reinjection outlet, and a reinjection pipeline. The reinjection power mechanism is installed on the mining platform, and the reinjection outlet is located at the top of the mining head and connected to the reinjection pipeline. Water is reinjected into the goaf through the reinjection pipeline and the reinjection outlet via the reinjection power mechanism to support the lower part of the retaining layer and provide soft support for the retaining layer.

[0011] Preferably, it also includes a screening device for screening the pumped fluid, wherein the screened wastewater is mixed with the mined material to form a fluid and is simultaneously reinjected into the goaf during pumping.

[0012] Preferably, the mining head includes a first drilling tool, which is used for drilling the opening and for drilling down during boundary expansion mining; the first drilling tool is provided with a water jet nozzle connected to a water pipe, and an annular jet air curtain nozzle is provided around the water jet nozzle; so that during boundary expansion mining, the water jet nozzle and the jet air curtain nozzle simultaneously spray to form a high-pressure water jet surrounded by an air curtain. During boundary expansion mining, the first drilling tool rotates, and the pulsed water jet under the air curtain generates a water hammer effect to horizontally cut the material in the mining area. Under the combined stirring action of the rotating water power and the exhaust gas of the air curtain, the mined material forms a fluid with a certain density and boundary. Then the first drilling tool moves from top to bottom to mine to the specified depth. Alternatively, the mining head includes two telescopic arms fixed opposite each other on a rotary platform. Each telescopic arm can extend from vertical to horizontal, and a second drill bit is provided at the end of each telescopic arm. During drilling, the second drill bits of the two telescopic arms rotate vertically side by side to cut and drill down to the mining area. During boundary expansion mining, the two telescopic arms extend and simultaneously extend to cooperate with the second drill bit to rotate and cut to the corresponding boundary. Then, the rotary platform drives the two telescopic arms to rotate a certain angle, and the second drill bit on the two telescopic arms rotates to cut, retract, and close to a vertical state. The above operation is repeated until the full-section mining is completed. During the mining process, water is simultaneously transported to the mining head area through a water pipe to mix with the mined material and form a fluid under the stirring of the second drill bit. Then, the second drill bit moves from top to bottom, continuously repeating the above cutting and stirring operations to the calibrated depth.

[0013] Preferably, it further includes a mining drive device for connecting the mining head to the mining platform, including a liftable gantry, a chain assembly, a first chain winding mechanism, a second chain winding mechanism, a first sprocket assembly, and a second sprocket assembly; the chain assembly includes a cooperating first chain and a second chain, one end of which is respectively connected to the first chain winding mechanism and the second chain winding mechanism fixed on the mining platform, so that they can be stacked and wound around the chain winding mechanism during storage, and the other end is connected to the mining head; the first chain and the second chain each include two chains and a connector, and the two chains are fixed to the connector. The two ends are opposite to each other, forming a groove shape; each chain includes multiple chain plates hinged together by pins; the first sprocket group and the second sprocket group are mounted on a liftable gantry frame, each including two synchronously rotating sprockets, each sprocket having teeth corresponding to the chain pins, used to insert between adjacent pins, so as to rotate under the drive of the power mechanism, driving the first chain row and the second chain row to move; the chain plates of the first chain row and the second chain row are correspondingly provided with interlocking structures, when the first chain row and the second chain row are engaged under the drive of the corresponding sprockets, they interlock through the interlocking structures to form a rigid frame with a hollow cavity, which serves as a drill rod.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes a pipe winding mechanism and a pipe guide wheel. The pipe winding mechanism is installed on the mining platform. The water pipe, suction pipe, recharge pipe, hydraulic pipe and electrical cable on the mining device are wound and stored by the pipe winding mechanism and guided into the hollow cavity through the pipe guide wheel.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the vertical downward dredging method and equipment provided by this invention, through the steps of drilling and opening, boundary expansion mining, and pumping and recharge, only requires drilling a hole in the retention layer that allows the first drill bit to pass through, while expanding the mining area to excavate materials in a space with a lateral dimension much larger than the borehole in the retention layer. After the excavated materials are liquefied with water, the fluid is pumped out and simultaneously recharged into the goaf area with water, supporting the lower part of the retention layer. This can minimize the pollution of the water body in the dredging area and achieve low-disturbance dredging. Furthermore, by expanding the mining area to excavate materials in an area with a lateral dimension much larger than the borehole in the retention layer, the valuable resources in the mining area can be extracted efficiently, meeting the requirements of ecological dredging and the recycling of dredged materials for water environment ecological governance. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 A three-dimensional structural diagram of the vertically extending dredging device provided in the first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the plan structure of the vertically extending dredging equipment shown. Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the working state of the excavator head in a vertically extending dredging device. Figure 4 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the water jet nozzle and the jet air curtain nozzle on the excavator head of the vertically extending dredging equipment shown. Figure 5 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the connection between the chain assembly and the pipeline in a vertically extending dredging device. Figure 6 for Figure 1 Side view of the chain assembly in the vertically extending dredging equipment shown; Figure 7 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram showing the coordination between the chain assembly and the pipeline in the second embodiment of the vertical downward-extending dredging equipment. Figure 8 for Figure 7 A top view of the chain assembly shown; Figure 9 for Figure 1A side view of the chain assembly in the third embodiment of the vertically extending dredging device shown; Figure 10 for Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the interlocking components in the chain assembly shown; Figure 11 for Figure 1 The diagram shown illustrates the excavation process of a vertically extending dredging device used in vertically extending dredging operations. Figure 12 for Figure 1 The diagram shows the process of boundary expansion, collapse, and settlement when the vertical extension dredging equipment is used for vertical extension dredging operations. Figure 13 for Figure 1 The diagram shows a vertically extending dredging device used in a pre-grading extraction process for underwater mining. Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the excavation head in the vertically extending dredging equipment provided in the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 15 for Figure 14 The diagram shows a planar structure with the excavator head in the retracted state. Figure 16 for Figure 14 The diagram shows a planar structure of the excavator head in a partially extended boom state. Figure 17 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of another type of excavation head in the vertically extending dredging equipment provided in the second embodiment of the present invention; Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the process of using the vertically extending dredging equipment provided in the second embodiment of the present invention for vertically extending dredging operations.

[0018] In the diagram, 1. Mining platform; 11. Gantry frame; 111. Fixed frame; 112. Lifting frame; 12. First sprocket assembly; 13. Second sprocket assembly; 14. First chain winding mechanism; 15. Second chain winding mechanism; 16. Pipeline guide wheel; 17. Pipeline winding mechanism; 21. First drill bit; 22. Water jet nozzle; 281. Annular hole; 291. Suction port; 292. Recharge outlet; 23. First chain row; 24. Second chain row; 231. Chain; 232. Chain plate; 233. Pin; 234. Connector; 25. First engagement piece; 26. Equal diameter pipe; 27. Second engagement piece; 31. Telescopic arm; 32. Rotary platform; 33. Second drill bit; 34. Hydraulic cylinder; 35. Linkage mechanism; 36. Sector synchronous gear. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0020] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on or indirectly set on the other component; when a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to or indirectly connected to the other component.

[0021] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc., shown in the accompanying drawings of this specification are only for the purpose of assisting those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the content disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which this application can be implemented. Therefore, they have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this application, provided that they do not affect the effects and purposes that this application can produce.

[0022] This invention provides a vertical downward dredging method, comprising: Drilling and opening: The mining head extends vertically downward from the river, lake, or reservoir bed through the retaining layer to the mining area, and the mining head forms a borehole in the retaining layer; Extended mining: The mining head extends the mining area from top to bottom, and the lateral dimension of the mining boundary is larger than that of the borehole; the mined material mixes with water to form a fluid. Pumping and reinjection: The fluid is pumped out and simultaneously reinjected into the goaf to support the lower part of the retaining layer, thus providing soft support for the retaining layer.

[0023] Preferably, the mining head includes a first drilling tool, which is used for drilling and opening holes and for drilling down during boundary expansion mining; the first drilling tool is provided with a water jet nozzle connected to a water pipe, and an annular jet curtain nozzle is provided around the water jet nozzle; during boundary expansion mining, the water jet nozzle and the jet curtain nozzle simultaneously spray to form a high-pressure water jet surrounded by the air curtain. During boundary expansion mining, the first drilling tool rotates, and the pulsed water jet under the air curtain generates a water hammer effect to horizontally cut the material in the mining area. Under the combined stirring action of the rotating water power and the exhaust gas of the air curtain, the mined material forms a fluid with a certain density and boundary. The first drilling tool moves from top to bottom to mine to the specified depth. Alternatively, the mining head includes two telescopic arms, which are fixed opposite each other on a rotary platform. Each telescopic arm can extend from a vertical position to a set angle, and a second drill bit is provided at the end of each telescopic arm. When drilling to open the hole, the second drill bits of the two telescopic arms rotate vertically side by side to cut and drill down to the mining area. When expanding the mining area, the two telescopic arms extend and simultaneously extend to cooperate with the second drill bit to rotate and cut to the corresponding boundary. Then, the rotary platform drives the two telescopic arms to rotate a certain angle, and the second drill bit on the two telescopic arms rotates to cut, retract, and close to a vertical position. The above operation is repeated until the full-section mining is completed. During the mining process, water is simultaneously transported to the mining head area through a water pipe to mix with the mined material and form a fluid under the stirring of the second drill bit. Then, the second drill bit moves from top to bottom, continuously repeating the above cutting and stirring operations to the calibrated depth.

[0024] Preferably, the mining head is connected to the mining platform via a mining drive device, which includes a liftable gantry, a chain assembly, a first chain winding mechanism, a second chain winding mechanism, a first sprocket assembly, and a second sprocket assembly. The chain assembly includes a cooperating first chain and a second chain, one end of which is respectively connected to the first chain winding mechanism and the second chain winding mechanism fixed on the mining platform, so that they can be stacked and wound around the chain winding mechanism during storage. The other ends are connected to the mining head. Each of the first and second chain rows includes two chains and a connector, and the two chains are fixed to a connecting... The two ends of the connector form a groove shape on opposite sides; each chain includes multiple chain plates hinged together by pins; the first sprocket group and the second sprocket group are mounted on a liftable gantry frame, each including two synchronously rotating sprockets, each sprocket having teeth corresponding to the chain pins, used to insert between adjacent pins to rotate under the drive of the power mechanism, driving the first chain row and the second chain row to move; the chain plates of the first chain row and the second chain row are correspondingly provided with interlocking structures, when the first chain row and the second chain row are engaged under the drive of the corresponding sprockets, they interlock through the interlocking structures to form a rigid frame with a hollow cavity, which serves as a drill rod.

[0025] Preferably, the suction and reinjection step further includes: Screening: After the fluid is pumped out, it is screened to form wastewater and slag. The wastewater formed by screening is mixed with the mined material to form a fluid, and is simultaneously reinjected into the goaf during pumping.

[0026] Preferably, after mining is completed, the water body in the goaf is subjected to pulsating resonance operation to cause the retaining layer above the goaf to collapse and settle.

[0027] Figures 1 to 13 The image shows a vertically extending dredging device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. This vertically extending dredging device includes: Mining Platform 1; The excavator head, installed on the excavation platform, is used for drilling and boundary expansion. During drilling, the excavator head extends vertically downwards from the river / lake / reservoir bed through the retaining layer F1 (the retaining layer refers to the portion between the river / lake / reservoir water body and the excavation area; it may be part of the topsoil layer or it may include the entire topsoil layer, depending on the thickness of the topsoil layer, etc.) to the excavation area F2 (the excavation area refers to the area to be excavated, determined in advance based on site conditions). The excavator head forms a borehole in the retaining layer. During boundary expansion, the excavator head expands the boundary of the excavation area from top to bottom (expansion refers to enlarging the boundary, i.e., the lateral dimension of the excavated boundary is larger than the borehole; in practice, it is made much larger than the borehole, such as...). Figure 9 As shown in the figure, the lateral dimension of the excavated boundary is larger than that of the borehole; Water pipes extend from the mining platform to the mining head to transport water to the mining area to make the mined material form a fluid. The suction device includes a suction power mechanism, a suction port 291, and a suction pipe. The suction power mechanism is installed on the mining head, the suction port is located on the mining head and connected to the suction pipe. The fluid formed during mining is output from the suction port through the suction pipe via the suction power mechanism. The reinjection device includes a reinjection power mechanism, a reinjection outlet 292, and a reinjection pipeline. The reinjection power mechanism is installed on the mining platform, and the reinjection outlet is located at the top of the mining head and connected to the reinjection pipeline. Water is reinjected into the goaf F3 through the reinjection pipeline and the reinjection outlet via the reinjection power mechanism to support the lower part of the retaining layer, so as to provide soft support for the retaining layer and prevent the retaining area from collapsing due to operation disturbance and suction pressure difference.

[0028] By setting up drilling, boundary expansion mining, and pumping and recharge steps, only a hole needs to be drilled in the retention layer to allow the mining head to pass through. In the mining area, boundary expansion mining is carried out, mining materials in an area with a lateral dimension much larger than the borehole in the retention layer. After the mined materials are liquefied with water, the fluid is pumped out and simultaneously recharged into the goaf area, supporting the lower part of the retention layer. This can minimize the pollution of the water body in the dredging area and achieve low-disturbance dredging. Furthermore, by mining materials in a space much larger than the borehole in the retention layer through boundary expansion mining, valuable resources in the mining area can be extracted efficiently, meeting the requirements of ecological dredging and the recycling of dredged materials for water environment ecological governance.

[0029] In this embodiment, the dredging platform 1 can be a ship hull or a floating operation platform that can move on the water surface, or it can be a platform that cannot float on the water surface (e.g., for tidal flat operations), or it can be an independent fixed platform. All components of the vertically extending dredging method are installed on the fixed platform to form a modular integrated platform, which is then installed on the ship hull.

[0030] In this embodiment, the mining head includes a first drilling tool 21 (such as a cutterhead), which is used for drilling and enlarging during excavation. The first drilling tool 21 is provided with a water jet nozzle 22 (one or multiple symmetrically arranged) connected to a water pipe. Around the water jet nozzle 22 is an annular jet air curtain nozzle (the jet air curtain nozzle can be of the following type: ...). Figure 4 The annular hole 281 surrounding the water jet nozzle 22 is shown, but other structures can also be used. During boundary expansion mining, the water jet nozzle and the jet curtain nozzle simultaneously spray to form a high-pressure water jet surrounded by a gas curtain (such as...). Figure 3 As shown), during boundary expansion mining, the first drill bit 21 rotates at a certain angle (360 degrees if there is one water jet nozzle, and 180 degrees if there are two). The pulsed water jet under the air curtain generates a water hammer effect, which horizontally cuts and stirs the material in the mining area. Under the combined stirring action of rotating hydrodynamics and air curtain exhaust gas, the mined material forms a fluid with a certain density and boundary. The first drill bit moves from top to bottom to mine to the designated depth. The jet air curtain is used to block the existing fluid in the mining area, reduce the energy loss caused by the fluid in the mining area to the water jet, and expand the cutting boundary. The jet air curtain is preferably a spiral air curtain, that is, the gas moves in a spiral shape to achieve a better blocking effect. The movement coordination between rotation and drilling can be spiral (rotating and drilling simultaneously) or step-by-step (rotating to cut one layer before drilling).

[0031] Specifically, in this embodiment, the pulsed high-pressure water jet is achieved using a high-pressure water pump through a resonant pulse nozzle or a hydraulically controlled nozzle. Of course, in other embodiments, the pulsed high-pressure water jet can also be achieved using other structures. In this embodiment, the dredging area of ​​the vertically extending dredging equipment is cylindrical.

[0032] In this embodiment, the vertically extending dredging equipment also includes a mining drive device for connecting the mining head to the mining platform, including a liftable gantry, a chain assembly, a first chain winding mechanism, a second chain winding mechanism, a first sprocket assembly, and a second sprocket assembly.

[0033] The liftable gantry frame 11 includes a fixed frame 111 installed on the mining platform and a lifting frame 112 movably installed on the fixed frame 111.

[0034] The chain assembly includes a first chain row 23 and a second chain row that cooperate with each other. One end of the first chain row 23 and the second chain row 24 are respectively connected to the first chain row winding mechanism 14 and the second chain row winding mechanism 15 fixed on the mining platform, so that they can be stacked and wound on the chain row winding mechanism when stored. The other end is connected to the mining head.

[0035] Both the first chain row 23 and the second chain row 24 include a chain comprising multiple chain plates hinged together by pins to form two rows. The first and second sprocket sets are mounted on the upper end of the lifting frame of the liftable gantry frame and each includes two synchronously rotating sprockets. Each sprocket has teeth corresponding to the chain pins, used to insert between adjacent pins to rotate under the drive of the power mechanism, thus moving the first chain row 23 and the second chain row 24. The pins serve as both pivots between the chain plates and are also driven by the sprocket teeth to move each chain row.

[0036] The first chain row 23 and the second chain row 24 have corresponding interlocking structures on some chain plates (in this embodiment, one interlocking structure is provided for each group of chain plates). When the first chain row 23 and the second chain row 24 are engaged under the drive of the corresponding sprockets, they interlock through the interlocking structures to form a rigid frame with a hollow cavity, which serves as the drill rod. This structure allows for flexible winding and storage, and also transforms into a rigid structure when extended downwards.

[0037] like Figure 6 As shown, in this embodiment, the interlocking structure includes a first interlocking member 25 and a second interlocking member 27. The first interlocking member 25 and the second interlocking member 27 may have corresponding recesses and protrusions at their ends. The first interlocking member 25 and the second interlocking member 27 form a concave-convex fit through the recesses and protrusions, and they interlock laterally when engaged, so that the first chain row 23 and the second chain row 24 will not be pulled apart when subjected to an outward force.

[0038] Figure 7 , Figure 8 The diagram illustrates a second embodiment of the chain assembly. In this embodiment, both the first and second chain rows include two chains 231 arranged side-by-side and fixedly connected by multiple laterally arranged connectors 234, forming a groove shape between the two chains 231 and the connectors 234. Each chain 231 includes multiple chain plates 232 arranged in two rows, with the two rows of chain plates 232 hinged together by pins 233. The teeth on the sprockets of the first and second sprocket groups are inserted between adjacent pins to rotate under the drive of a power mechanism, thus moving the first and second chain rows.

[0039] Its occlusal structure is the same as that of the first embodiment described above, and will not be repeated here.

[0040] Figure 9 , Figure 10The diagram shows a third embodiment of the chain assembly, whose interlocking structure includes a first interlocking member 25' and a second interlocking member 27'. The first interlocking member 25' and the second interlocking member 27' are identical but staggered T-shaped structures. The first chain row 23 and the second chain row 24 interlock through the T-shaped structure, preventing them from being pulled apart when subjected to outward forces. This interlocking structure can withstand greater tensile forces, resulting in a more rigid and stable structure. In this embodiment, the first and second chain rows may include one chain (as in the first embodiment) or two chains (as in the second embodiment).

[0041] The lifting frame of the liftable gantry 11 can be raised and lowered to facilitate the installation and drilling of the first drill bit (since the first drill bit is quite long, such as 3 to 5 meters, the gantry needs to be raised to a suitable height for easy operation when the first drill bit is installed; while when the first drill bit is lowered, the gantry should be lowered to the lowest position to ensure high stability).

[0042] Compared to traditional structures (which use masts to constrain the vertical lifting of the drill rod, and various pipelines are suspended by winches and wire ropes, or directly connected to the top of the drill rod for lifting and lowering), this embodiment uses a chain assembly structure combined with a liftable platform (gantry frame). This significantly reduces the height, increases the suction immersion ratio, and enables low-headroom operations. It also reduces the platform's size and height, making it widely applicable to dredging in shallow rivers, lakes, reservoirs, or swamps. It can operate even in harsh weather conditions and eliminates the risk of winch wire rope breakage, resulting in higher safety. Furthermore, the suction efficiency is greatly improved (due to the increased immersion ratio), achieving energy saving and consumption reduction.

[0043] In this embodiment, the vertically extending dredging equipment also includes a pipe winding mechanism and a pipe guide wheel. The pipe winding mechanism is installed on the mining platform. Water pipes, suction pipes, recharge pipes, as well as hydraulic pipes and electrical cables on the mining device are wound and stored by the pipe winding mechanism and guided into the hollow cavity through the pipe guide wheel.

[0044] In this embodiment, as Figure 5As shown, multiple equal-diameter pipes 26 are installed, serving as water pipes, suction pipes, reinjection pipes, and channels for accommodating hydraulic pipes and electrical cables. The outer diameter of the equal-diameter pipes 26 is designed and manufactured according to the size requirements of the water pipes, suction pipes, and reinjection pipes. Each water pipe, suction pipe, reinjection pipe, and channel can utilize one or more equal-diameter pipes 26. For example, if the suction pipes handle a large volume of fluid, multiple equal-diameter pipes 26 can be used. These equal-diameter pipes 26 are arranged in a row and housed within a hollow cavity. Their rubber tubing deforms when clamped by a chain assembly, securing them within the hollow cavity. The elasticity of the rubber in the equal-diameter pipes 26 generates a reaction force against the interlocking structure 25, pushing against the chain, compensating for chain interlocking gaps, and increasing the rigidity of the interlocking chain assembly. This stabilizes and secures the pipelines, allowing them to move up and down synchronously with the rigid chain structure, preventing the pipelines from being unable to be pulled out.

[0045] In this embodiment, the suction power mechanism of the suction device is a pneumatic pump. Existing devices can be used, so they will not be described here. The reinjection power mechanism is a slurry pump. Existing devices can also be used, so they will not be described here. The flow rate control method for the reinjection water can be achieved by installing a pressure sensor on the mining head, detecting the pressure in the goaf, and controlling the flow rate of the slurry pump for reinjection, or by estimating the reinjection volume based on the volume of the fluid being pumped and reinjected.

[0046] In this embodiment, the vertically extending dredging equipment also includes a screening device located on the mining platform 1 (or another platform for screening), used to screen the pumped fluid. The main purpose of screening is to separate the pumped fluid into slag and wastewater, facilitating the transport of slag (e.g., by using a belt conveyor or screw conveyor to load it onto a ship for further processing) and the reuse of wastewater. In other embodiments, the slurry can also be directly transported out via pipeline using a slurry pump.

[0047] The wastewater formed by screening is mixed with the mined material to form a fluid (in this embodiment, the mixture is achieved by pulsed water jets cutting and mixing with the mined material simultaneously; the wastewater needs to be coarsely filtered before entering components such as high-pressure water pumps and resonant pulse nozzles). Simultaneously, the wastewater is reinjected into the goaf during pumping (the water in the work area is used at the beginning of operation; wastewater is only used after mining and pumping). This prevents wastewater from being directly discharged into the work area's waters, thus reducing pollution. This screening device can be an existing device and will not be described here.

[0048] This embodiment involves drilling, expanding the mining area, and pumping back into the reservoir. After reaching the designated depth, a pulsating resonance operation is performed on the water in the mined-out area to cause the retaining layer above the mined-out area to collapse and settle, thus reducing the height of the river, lake, or reservoir bed. This achieves ecological dredging. For large dredging areas, the dredging operation is preferably carried out in two stages, with each stage conducted in separate blocks. Each stage includes drilling, expanding the mining area, and pumping back into the reservoir. After reaching the designated depth, a pulsating resonance operation is performed on the water in the mined-out area to cause the retaining layer above the mined-out area to collapse and settle. In the second stage, after reaching the designated depth, the same pulsating resonance operation is performed on the water in the mined-out area to cause the retaining layer above the mined-out area to collapse and settle (e.g., ...). Figure 12 (As shown).

[0049] This embodiment can also achieve in-situ pre-selection of excavated material. The principle is that mechanical drilling is supplemented by pulsed water jet cutting, diameter expansion, and stirring. During the cutting process, the material in the mining area and the water jet are stirred and transformed into a slurry columnar fluid. This slurry columnar fluid segregates and stratifies due to its specific gravity and mass (e.g., ...). Figure 13 The slurry is divided into three layers: G1, G2, and G3, representing different grades of slurry. The drill bit can extract the corresponding slurry layer from the lower part of the columnar fluid and simultaneously replenish water at the top of the mining head, thus achieving in-situ pre-selection mining and pre-grading during mining. After drilling to the designated depth, the fluid's fluidity is utilized to extract the slag from different layers using a suction device, achieving pre-grading mining.

[0050] Figures 14 to 18 The image shows a vertically extending dredging device according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The main difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment lies in the structure of the dredging head.

[0051] In this embodiment, the mining head includes two telescopic arms 31, which are fixed opposite to each other on a rotating platform 32. Each telescopic arm 31 can retract from a vertical state (e.g., ...). Figure 15 The arm is extended to a set angle (90 degrees in this embodiment, i.e., the arm is extended to a horizontal state) to achieve the following arm extension state: Figure 16(The diagram shows a partial extended boom configuration). Each telescopic boom 31 is equipped with a second drilling tool 33 (such as a cutterhead) at its end. During drilling and opening, the second drilling tools 33 of the two telescopic booms 31 rotate vertically and side-by-side, cutting downwards to the mining area. During boundary expansion mining, the two telescopic booms 31 extend horizontally from vertical and simultaneously extend, coordinating with the second drilling tools to rotate and cut to the corresponding boundary. Then, the rotary platform drives the two telescopic booms to rotate a certain angle, and the second drilling tools on the two booms rotate, cut, retract, and close to a vertical position. This process is repeated until full-section mining is completed. During mining, water is simultaneously transported to the mining head area via water pipes, mixing with the mined material and forming a fluid under the stirring of the second drilling tools. Then, the second drilling tools 33 move from top to bottom, continuously repeating the above cutting and stirring operations until the designated depth is reached.

[0052] This embodiment can achieve mining of rectangular or other shaped cross sections by controlling the extension and retraction of two telescopic arms, and preferably the cross section is square, so that there will be no boundary mining area formed by the circular cross section, avoiding the residual dark mound after mining.

[0053] like Figure 15 , Figure 16 Specifically, in this embodiment, the power mechanism for extending and closing the telescopic arm adopts a combination of a hydraulic cylinder 34 and a linkage mechanism 35. That is, the hydraulic cylinder 34 drives the linkage mechanism 35 to move the telescopic arm 31, allowing it to extend from a vertical position to a horizontal position. The top of the telescopic arm 31 is pivotally connected to the rotating platform 32, and the two telescopic arms 31 are equipped with meshing sector-shaped synchronous gears 36, ensuring symmetrical and synchronous extension and closure of the telescopic arms 31. Figure 17 As shown, a hydraulic motor can also be used to drive the shaft connected to the sector synchronous gear 36. This can be achieved by using a hydraulic motor to drive one telescopic arm to open and close, while the meshing sector synchronous gear 36 drives the other telescopic arm to open and close synchronously. Alternatively, a hydraulic motor can drive both telescopic arms to open and close, with the sector synchronous gear 36 primarily serving a symmetrical and synchronous function.

[0054] The vertical dredging operation using the vertical extension dredging equipment in this embodiment is basically the same as that in the first embodiment, except that during drilling and opening, the second drill bit 33 of the two telescopic arms 31 rotates vertically and in parallel to cut and drill down to the mining area; during boundary expansion mining, the two telescopic arms extend and simultaneously extend to cooperate with the second drill bit to rotate and cut to the corresponding boundary. Then, the rotary platform drives the two telescopic arms to rotate a certain angle, and the second drill bit on the two telescopic arms rotates to cut, retract, and close to a vertical state. The above operation is repeated until the full-section mining is completed; during the mining process, water is simultaneously transported to the mining head area through water pipes to mix with the mined material and form a fluid under the stirring of the second drill bit; then the second drill bit moves from top to bottom, continuously repeating the above cutting and stirring operations to the calibrated depth (e.g., Figure 18 (As shown).

[0055] Compared to existing technologies, the vertically extending dredging equipment and method of the present invention are environmentally friendly, specifically in the following ways: 1. Minimally invasive open-hole drilling for deep excavation and boundary expansion has enabled low-disturbance dredging and silt removal of river, lake and reservoir water bodies; 2. Wastewater from the mining voids (goaf) in the deep mining area is simultaneously reinjected to serve as soft support for the top cover of the retaining layer. Pressure sensors are installed to control the reinjection pressure, supporting the retaining layer in the goaf and ensuring that the retaining layer does not collapse during mining operations, thus preventing a large amount of mud from overflowing and polluting the water body. 3. The screening and rinsing water in the background is collected and coarsely filtered before being used as water jet and makeup water to fill the mining voids. The screening and rinsing wastewater is not discharged into the water area of ​​the work area, thereby reducing the pollution of the water area of ​​the work area. 4. Do not damage the topsoil layer of river, lake and reservoir beds, and maintain the original ecology of the reserved layer; 5. In addition to underwater power, new energy electric power is used to achieve energy conservation and carbon reduction; 6. Pre-classification during the mining process can enrich the dredged material that can be pumped out and reused.

[0056] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make improvements without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, but these improvements all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A vertically extending dredging method, characterized in that, include: Drilling and opening: The mining head extends vertically downward from the river, lake, or reservoir bed through the retaining layer to the mining area, and the mining head forms a borehole in the retaining layer; Extended mining: The mining head extends the mining area from top to bottom, and the lateral dimension of the mining boundary is larger than that of the borehole; the mined material mixes with water to form a fluid. Pumping and reinjection: The fluid is pumped out and simultaneously reinjected into the goaf to support the lower part of the retaining layer, thus providing soft support for the retaining layer.

2. The vertical downward dredging method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mining head includes a first drilling tool, which is used for drilling and opening holes and for drilling down during boundary expansion mining. The first drilling tool is equipped with a water jet nozzle connected to a water pipe, and an annular jet curtain nozzle is provided around the water jet nozzle. During boundary expansion mining, the water jet nozzle and the jet curtain nozzle simultaneously spray to form a high-pressure water jet surrounded by the air curtain. During boundary expansion mining, the first drilling tool rotates, and the pulsed water jet under the air curtain generates a water hammer effect to horizontally cut the material in the mining area. Under the combined stirring action of the rotating water power and the exhaust gas of the air curtain, the mined material forms a fluid with a certain density and boundary. The first drilling tool moves from top to bottom to mine to the specified depth. Alternatively, the mining head includes two telescopic arms, which are fixed opposite each other on a rotary platform. Each telescopic arm can extend from a vertical position to a set angle, and a second drill bit is provided at the end of each telescopic arm. When drilling to open the hole, the second drill bits of the two telescopic arms rotate vertically side by side to cut and drill down to the mining area. When expanding the mining area, the two telescopic arms extend and simultaneously extend to cooperate with the second drill bit to rotate and cut to the corresponding boundary. Then, the rotary platform drives the two telescopic arms to rotate a certain angle, and the second drill bit on the two telescopic arms rotates to cut, retract, and close to a vertical position. The above operation is repeated until the full-section mining is completed. During the mining process, water is simultaneously transported to the mining head area through a water pipe to mix with the mined material and form a fluid under the stirring of the second drill bit. Then, the second drill bit moves from top to bottom, continuously repeating the above cutting and stirring operations to the calibrated depth.

3. The vertical downward dredging method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The mining head is connected to the mining platform via a mining drive device. The mining drive device includes a liftable gantry frame, a chain assembly, a first chain winding mechanism, a second chain winding mechanism, a first sprocket assembly, and a second sprocket assembly. The chain assembly includes a cooperating first chain and a second chain, one end of which is respectively connected to the first chain winding mechanism and the second chain winding mechanism fixed on the mining platform, so that they can be stacked and wound around the chain winding mechanism during storage. The other end is connected to the mining head. Each of the first and second chain rows includes two chains and a connector, with the two chains fixed to the connector. The two ends are opposite to each other, forming a groove shape; each chain includes multiple chain plates hinged together by pins; the first sprocket group and the second sprocket group are mounted on a liftable gantry frame, each including two synchronously rotating sprockets, each sprocket having teeth corresponding to the chain pins, used to insert between adjacent pins, so as to rotate under the drive of the power mechanism, driving the first chain row and the second chain row to move; the chain plates of the first chain row and the second chain row are correspondingly provided with interlocking structures, when the first chain row and the second chain row are engaged under the drive of the corresponding sprockets, they interlock through the interlocking structures to form a rigid frame with a hollow cavity, which serves as a drill rod.

4. The vertical downward dredging method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The suction and reinjection process also includes: Screening: After the fluid is pumped out, it is screened to form wastewater and slag. The wastewater formed by screening is mixed with the mined material to form a fluid, and is simultaneously reinjected into the goaf during pumping.

5. The vertical downward dredging method according to claim 1, characterized in that, After mining is completed, the water in the goaf is subjected to pulsating resonance operation to cause the retaining layer above the goaf to collapse and settle.

6. A vertically extending dredging device, characterized in that, include: Mining platform; A mining head, installed on a mining platform, is used for drilling and excavation. When drilling, the mining head extends vertically downward from the river, lake, or reservoir bed through the retaining layer to the mining area, forming a borehole in the retaining layer; when expanding the mining boundary, the mining head expands the mining boundary from top to bottom in the mining area, and the lateral dimension of the mining boundary is larger than the borehole. Water pipes extend from the mining platform to the mining head to transport water to the mining area to make the mined material form a fluid. The suction device includes a suction power mechanism, a suction port, and a suction pipe. The suction power mechanism is installed on the mining head, and the suction port is located on the mining head and connected to the suction pipe. The fluid formed during mining is output from the suction port through the suction pipe via the suction power mechanism. The reinjection device includes a reinjection power mechanism, a reinjection outlet, and a reinjection pipeline. The reinjection power mechanism is installed on the mining platform, and the reinjection outlet is located at the top of the mining head and connected to the reinjection pipeline. Water is reinjected into the goaf through the reinjection pipeline and the reinjection outlet via the reinjection power mechanism to support the lower part of the retaining layer and provide soft support for the retaining layer.

7. The vertically extending dredging device according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a screening device for screening the pumped fluid, the wastewater formed by screening is mixed with the mined material to form a fluid, and is simultaneously reinjected into the goaf during pumping.

8. The vertically extending dredging device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The mining head includes a first drilling tool, which is used for drilling and opening holes and for drilling down during boundary expansion mining. The first drilling tool is equipped with a water jet nozzle connected to a water pipe, and an annular jet air curtain nozzle is provided around the water jet nozzle. During boundary expansion mining, the water jet nozzle and the jet air curtain nozzle simultaneously spray to form a high-pressure water jet surrounded by an air curtain. During boundary expansion mining, the first drilling tool rotates, and the pulsed water jet under the air curtain generates a water hammer effect, which horizontally cuts the material in the mining area. Under the combined stirring action of the rotating water power and the exhaust gas of the air curtain, the mined material forms a fluid with a certain density and boundary. Then the first drilling tool moves from top to bottom to mine to the specified depth. Alternatively, the mining head includes two telescopic arms fixed opposite each other on a rotary platform. Each telescopic arm can extend from vertical to horizontal, and a second drill bit is provided at the end of each telescopic arm. During drilling, the second drill bits of the two telescopic arms rotate vertically side by side to cut and drill down to the mining area. During boundary expansion mining, the two telescopic arms extend and simultaneously extend to cooperate with the second drill bit to rotate and cut to the corresponding boundary. Then, the rotary platform drives the two telescopic arms to rotate a certain angle, and the second drill bit on the two telescopic arms rotates to cut, retract, and close to a vertical state. The above operation is repeated until the full-section mining is completed. During the mining process, water is simultaneously transported to the mining head area through a water pipe to mix with the mined material and form a fluid under the stirring of the second drill bit. Then, the second drill bit moves from top to bottom, continuously repeating the above cutting and stirring operations to the calibrated depth.

9. The vertically extending dredging device according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a mining drive device for connecting the mining head to the mining platform, including a liftable gantry, a chain assembly, a first chain winding mechanism, a second chain winding mechanism, a first sprocket assembly, and a second sprocket assembly; the chain assembly includes a cooperating first chain and a second chain, one end of which is respectively connected to the first chain winding mechanism and the second chain winding mechanism fixed on the mining platform, so that they can be stacked and wound around the chain winding mechanism during storage, and the other end is connected to the mining head; the first chain and the second chain each include two chains and a connector, with the two chains fixed to both ends of the connector. On opposite sides, a groove shape is formed; each chain includes multiple chain plates hinged together by pins; the first sprocket group and the second sprocket group are mounted on a liftable gantry frame, each including two synchronously rotating sprockets, each sprocket having teeth corresponding to the chain pins, used to insert between adjacent pins, so as to rotate under the drive of the power mechanism, driving the first chain row and the second chain row to move; the chain plates of the first chain row and the second chain row are correspondingly provided with interlocking structures, when the first chain row and the second chain row are engaged under the drive of the corresponding sprockets, they interlock through the interlocking structures to form a rigid frame with a hollow cavity, which serves as a drill rod.

10. The vertically extending dredging device according to claim 9, characterized in that, It also includes a pipe winding mechanism and a pipe guide wheel. The pipe winding mechanism is installed on the mining platform. The water pipe, suction pipe, recharge pipe, hydraulic pipe and electrical cable on the mining device are wound and stored by the pipe winding mechanism and guided into the hollow cavity through the pipe guide wheel.

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