Self-adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration double-control device and application thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration double-control device and application thereof. The device comprises two damping units which are tightly wound and connected together through an SMA cable, each damping unit comprises two sets of semicircular steel outer cylinders and semicircular steel inner cylinders which are embedded into the steel outer cylinders and used for being arranged on the outer side face of the cable / rod in a sleeving mode, the inner surfaces of the semicircular steel inner cylinders are rubber layers, and the outer surfaces of the semicircular steel inner cylinders are conductor plates; electromagnets are uniformly arranged on the inner side of the steel outer cylinder in the axial direction and the circumferential direction, and the magnetic poles of the circumferentially adjacent electromagnets are opposite; the steel inner cylinder and the steel outer cylinder are fixed through a smooth groove in the middle, and the two semicircular components are combined into one component to be fixed to a cable / rod through thickened pipe clamps at the two ends. The device can effectively control the vibration response of the super-long cable, the suspension bridge suspender and the high-voltage wire, and the structural operation stability and the service life of the device are remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a damping device, specifically to an adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Energy dissipation and vibration reduction technology has developed rapidly. Its basic principle is to increase the damping of the main structure to reduce its response under seismic loading. When the main structure has sufficient additional damping, it can meet the vibration control requirements under extreme loads. Therefore, installing energy dissipation and vibration reduction devices at vulnerable parts of a building structure can effectively mitigate the impact of earthquakes, wind loads, and vehicle loads on the main structure. Energy dissipation and vibration reduction devices mainly include viscous dampers, viscoelastic dampers, and friction dampers. Traditional friction damping devices are widely used because they can provide large initial stiffness and additional damping. Their working mechanism is to convert external energy into internal energy dissipation through frictional slippage. However, traditional friction damping devices suffer from poor durability, low reliability, delayed response under high-frequency vibration, susceptibility to damage under low-frequency vibration, low vibration reduction efficiency, and large residual deformation, making them difficult to meet the needs of tough structural systems.

[0003] Eddy current damping is based on the generation of eddy currents through the relative motion between a magnetic field and a conductor, thus achieving contactless energy dissipation. It offers advantages such as frictionlessness and wear-free operation, and has attracted widespread attention in the field of civil engineering. This damping device typically consists of two parts: an electromagnet (or permanent magnet) and a conductor plate. Under the same conditions, the better the electromagnetic properties of the conductor plate, the greater the eddy current damping generated. Eddy current damping is generally divided into two types: permanent magnet and electromagnetic. The permanent magnet type uses a permanent magnet and requires no external power supply; the electromagnetic type uses an electromagnet, adjusting the magnetic field strength by changing the current, thereby adjusting the damping magnitude.

[0004] Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are a class of smart metallic materials that exhibit shape memory and large strain recovery capabilities through thermoelastic martensitic phase transformation or hyperelastic effects. SMAs possess characteristics such as high strength, hyperelasticity, shape memory effect, fatigue resistance, and corrosion resistance. Damping devices based on the hyperelastic design of SMAs have advantages such as good self-resetting performance, and their vibration reduction performance is superior to traditional damping devices.

[0005] To enhance the adaptability of existing facilities (such as transmission lines on large high-voltage transmission towers, ultra-long cables of large cable-stayed bridges, and suspension bridge suspenders) under daily operational loads, and to achieve the fortification performance target of recoverability under strong earthquakes or extreme loads, it is necessary to design a new type of self-resetting damping device that is applicable to ultra-long cables, suspension bridge suspenders, and high-voltage transmission lines already in operation, and can be installed and dismantled as needed at high altitudes. This device should combine the advantages of non-contact energy dissipation and vibration reduction of eddy current damping with the self-resetting characteristics of SMA (Self-Modulating Amplifier), forming a vibration reduction (vibration) device technical solution that combines high-efficiency energy dissipation, recoverability, and long-term reliability. Commonly used traditional damping devices are usually large in size and require rigid connection to dedicated supports, making them unsuitable for direct installation on ultra-long cables, suspension bridge suspenders, and high-voltage transmission lines that have already been constructed and put into use. Several new vibration reduction devices have been researched and developed, such as "self-resetting friction dampers" and "SMA self-resetting friction dampers". However, these devices mainly rely on the materials themselves to provide energy dissipation. Their performance degrades significantly over time or with repeated use. They lack adaptability to complex operating conditions and have low long-term reliability. Under extreme loads, their damping energy dissipation efficiency is not high and the residual deformation after an earthquake is large. Therefore, they cannot simultaneously meet the dual protection objectives under daily operating loads and extreme loads. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: This invention provides an adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device and its application. The purpose is to provide a damping device for cables / rods of existing building structures (e.g., ultra-long transmission lines on large high-voltage transmission towers, ultra-long cables of large cable-stayed bridges, and suspension bridge suspenders) that is easy to install and dismantle at high altitudes, structurally safe and reliable, and aesthetically pleasing.

[0007] The above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] This invention first provides an adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device, comprising two damping units tightly connected together by SMA cable. Each damping unit includes two sets of semi-circular steel outer cylinders and a semi-circular steel inner cylinder embedded in the steel outer cylinders for mounting on the outer surface of the cable / rod. The inner surface of the semi-circular steel inner cylinder is a rubber layer, and the outer surface is a conductor plate. Electromagnets are evenly arranged along the axial and circumferential directions on the inner side of the steel outer cylinder, and the magnetic poles of adjacent circumferential electromagnets are opposite. The steel inner cylinder and the steel outer cylinder are fixed together by a smooth groove in the middle, and the two semi-circular components are combined into one component and fixed on the cable / rod by thickened tube clamps at both ends.

[0009] Furthermore, thickened pipe clamps are fixed at both ends of the steel inner cylinder and hexagonal socket head cap screws are installed.

[0010] Furthermore, the two sections of the steel outer cylinder are fixed with thickened pipe clamps and fitted with internal hexagon bolts.

[0011] Furthermore, the middle part of the steel outer cylinder is a rough necked section of length L; the SMA cable fixing clip is installed on the rough necked section, and the SMA cable is wound around the rough necked section.

[0012] Furthermore, the junction between the necked section and the straight section of the outer steel cylinder is a smooth curved surface with a radius of curvature R1.

[0013] Furthermore, a helical spring for resetting is fixed at both ends of the outer steel cylinder and the inner steel cylinder, and the helical spring is fixed to the outer end face of the inner steel cylinder and the inner end face of the outer steel cylinder respectively by rivets.

[0014] This invention also provides an application of the aforementioned adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device. Two damping units are respectively installed on two adjacent cables / rods, while the two ends of the SMA cable are fixed and tightly wound around the rough section in the middle of the two damping units, forming a cable / rod-type damping connection structure. When the cables / rods vibrate under external excitations such as wind loads, seismic loads, or vehicle loads, the two adjacent cables / rods will experience relative displacement due to the vibration phase difference. This relative displacement directly pulls on the SMA cable tightly wound around the damping unit, causing the SMA cable to be tensioned. Due to the contact surface friction between the SMA cable and the rough section in the middle of the damping unit, the SMA... The tensioning of the cable will further drive the outer steel cylinder of the damping unit to rotate, which in turn causes the outer steel cylinder and the inner steel cylinder fixed on the cable / rod to rotate relative to each other. At this time, the electromagnets pre-installed inside the outer steel cylinder of the damping unit and the conductor plates bonded to the surface of the inner steel cylinder will generate an electromagnetic induction effect due to the relative rotation, thereby generating an eddy current damping force. This eddy current damping force can effectively dissipate the energy generated by the vibration of the cable / rod, and finally achieve the vibration reduction (vibration control) effect of the cable / rod (ultra-long cable or high-voltage wire, suspension rod).

[0015] Furthermore, during vibration, the SMA cable, which was originally in a tight state, will become loose after being tensioned. To achieve the self-resetting function of the device, helical springs are installed at both ends of the two damping units of the damping device. When the outer steel cylinder and the inner steel cylinder of the damping unit rotate relative to each other due to the tension of the SMA cable, the helical springs at both ends will be tightened synchronously with the rotation, thereby storing elastic potential energy. When the external excitation disappears and the cable / rod vibration ends, the tightened helical springs will release the stored elastic potential energy and convert it into elastic restoring force. This restoring force will push the outer steel cylinder of the damping unit to rotate in the opposite direction of the original rotation direction, thereby tightening the loosened SMA cable again, restoring the SMA cable to its initial tension state, and at the same time driving the two adjacent cables / rods to return to their relative initial positions, ultimately achieving reliable reset of the device and cable / rod system.

[0016] When encountering extreme weather or load conditions such as typhoons or strong earthquakes, the vibration amplitude of two adjacent cables / rods will increase significantly, resulting in a huge relative displacement between the two damping units. At this time, in addition to the restoring effect of the helical spring, the shape memory effect of the SMA cable itself provides additional restoring capacity; through the deformation recovery characteristics of the SMA cable under large displacement, it helps to control the residual displacement of the cable / rod after extreme load, avoiding permanent deformation or structural damage caused by excessive displacement of the cable / rod; at the same time, when subjected to reciprocating tension-relaxation, the stress-strain curve of the SMA cable will form a stable hysteretic energy dissipation curve, thereby dissipating an additional part of the vibration energy.

[0017] The present invention has the following advantages:

[0018] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0019] 1. This invention uses SMA cables to tightly connect two damping units together, enabling the installation of damping devices without damaging or dismantling existing long cables or high-voltage transmission lines in existing buildings. Compared with other traditional damping devices that require special supports and are bulky, this invention is easy to install and dismantle at heights as needed after being put into operation, and is small in size, aesthetically pleasing, and safe and reliable in use.

[0020] 2. In this invention, the relative displacement of adjacent cables or suspenders will cause the SMA cable wound around the rough section in the middle of the damping unit to be tensioned, thereby causing the relative rotation between the outer steel cylinder and the inner steel cylinder, which in turn generates the relative motion between the electromagnet and the conductor plate, generating eddy current damping force, realizing variable eddy current damping energy dissipation and vibration reduction, effectively improving the durability and reliability of the device.

[0021] 3. By combining the superelastic recovery characteristics of the SMA cable with the elastic return force of the helical springs at both ends, this invention effectively solves the problem of large residual deformation of traditional damping devices under extreme loads or strong earthquakes, and has reliable vibration reduction capabilities in complex engineering environments. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of a damping unit of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a front view of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Sectional view of AA;

[0025] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Sectional view of BB;

[0026] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Sectional view of CC;

[0027] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Sectional view of DD;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the installation process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solution of the present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to specific examples and accompanying drawings. The specific embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0030] like Figure 2 As shown, the adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device of the present invention includes two damping units. Each damping unit comprises a steel outer cylinder 1, a steel inner cylinder 2, a shape memory alloy cable (SMA cable) 6, a helical spring 8, thickened pipe clamps 501 and 502, and hexagonal bolts 503 and 504. Electromagnets 3 are evenly arranged axially and circumferentially on the inner side of the steel outer cylinder 1, with adjacent circumferentially adjacent electromagnets having opposite magnetic poles. The inner surface of the steel inner cylinder 2 is provided with a rubber layer 9, and the outer surface is a conductor plate 10. During installation, the two semi-circular components are combined and fixed to the cable / rod using thickened pipe clamps at both ends and hexagonal bolts. The cable / rod includes, but is not limited to, extra-long cables, suspension bridge gantry rods, and high-voltage power lines.

[0031] Using the same method, damping units of the same specifications are installed at corresponding positions on adjacent cables or booms, and the SMA cable is wound and fixed at the rough necking section in the middle of the two parallel damping units.

[0032] When adjacent cables or suspenders move relative to each other, the SMA cable is pulled apart synchronously, thereby causing the outer steel cylinder to rotate and move relative to the inner steel cylinder. At this time, the electromagnet inside the outer steel cylinder and the conductor plate on the outer surface of the inner steel cylinder generate electromagnetic induction due to relative motion, which in turn forms eddy current damping.

[0033] Meanwhile, the device can achieve self-resetting by using the helical springs at both ends of the SMA cable and the damping unit, ultimately forming an adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device.

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the outer steel cylinder 1 is an integrally formed component consisting of an outer steel pipe 101 and an outer ring 102 of a roller bearing, and the inner steel cylinder 2 is an integrally formed component consisting of an inner steel pipe 201 and an inner ring 202 of a roller bearing.

[0035] like Figure 3As shown, the steel inner cylinder 2 is installed on the cable / rod at the inner ring 202 of the roller bearing via a thickened pipe clamp 502. The interior of the steel inner cylinder 2 is designed with a rubber layer 9 to avoid damage to the cable / rod.

[0036] like Figure 4 As shown, the outer conductor plate 10 of the inner steel cylinder 2 is preferably made of high conductivity materials such as copper plate; electromagnets 3 are evenly arranged along the axial and circumferential directions on the inner side of the outer steel cylinder 1, and the magnetic poles of adjacent electromagnets 3 are opposite; when the outer steel cylinder 1 rotates circumferentially relative to the inner steel cylinder 2, the conductor plate 10 and the electromagnets 3 move relative to each other to generate eddy current damping, thereby achieving the adaptive eddy current damping energy dissipation and vibration reduction effect, thus realizing the adaptive vibration reduction control function of eddy current damping.

[0037] like Figure 5 As shown, one end of the helical spring 8 is fixed to the inner end face of the outer steel cylinder 1 using rivets 11, while the other end of the helical spring is fixed to the outer end face of the inner steel cylinder 2. The radius and number of turns of the helical spring 8 should be adjusted accordingly based on the inner cross-sectional dimensions of the outer steel cylinder 1 and the required elastic restoring force to ensure that the device has reliable reset capability.

[0038] like Figure 6 As shown, the outer steel cylinder 1 is installed around the inner ring 202 of the roller bearing at the outer ring 102 of the roller bearing via a thickened pipe clamp 501. Under the tension of the SMA cable 6 caused by external load, the outer steel cylinder 1 can rotate relative to the inner steel cylinder 2 fixed on the cable / rod, thereby generating eddy current damping.

[0039] like Figure 2 As shown, shape memory alloy spring SMA cables 6 are wound around the rough sections in the middle of the damping devices at both adjacent ends, and the two ends of the SMA cables 6 are connected to the SMA cable fixing clamps 7. To ensure that the SMA cables 6 can fully exert the function and reset performance of the rotating steel outer cylinder 1, the SMA cables 6 should be installed and tightened after the damping components are installed, which also facilitates later maintenance and replacement.

[0040] like Figure 1 , 2 As shown, when the relative displacement of adjacent damping components is small, the coil spring 8 can be used to reset the components directly. Under extreme weather conditions, when the relative displacement of adjacent damping components is large, the SMA cable 6 can ensure that the cable / rod does not undergo destructive displacement.

[0041] like Figure 1 , Figure 7 As shown, the energy dissipation and vibration reduction principle of the adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod dual-control device of the present invention is as follows:

[0042] Two damping units are respectively installed on two adjacent cables / rods. Simultaneously, both ends of the SMA cable 6 are fixed and tightly wound around the rough section in the middle of the two damping units, forming a cable / rod-type damping connection structure. When the cables / rods vibrate under external excitations such as wind loads or seismic loads, the two adjacent cables / rods will experience relative displacement due to the vibration phase difference. This relative displacement directly pulls on the SMA cable 6 tightly wound on the damping units, causing the SMA cable 6 to be tensioned. Due to the contact surface friction between the SMA cable 6 and the rough section in the middle of the damping unit, the SMA... The tensioning of cable 6 will further drive the outer steel cylinder 1 of the damping unit to rotate, which in turn causes the outer steel cylinder 1 and the inner steel cylinder 2 fixed on the cable / rod to rotate relative to each other. At this time, the electromagnet 3 pre-set inside the outer steel cylinder 1 of the damping unit and the conductor plate 10 bonded to the surface of the inner steel cylinder 2 will generate an electromagnetic induction effect due to the relative rotation, thereby generating an eddy current damping force. This eddy current damping force can effectively dissipate the energy generated by the vibration of the cable / rod, and finally achieve the effect of vibration reduction (vibration control) of the cable / rod.

[0043] 8. The application of the adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: during vibration, the SMA cable 6, which was originally in a tight state, will become loose after being tensioned. In order to realize the self-resetting function of the device, helical springs 8 are installed at both ends of the two damping units of the damping device. When the outer steel cylinder 1 and the inner steel cylinder 2 of the damping unit rotate relative to each other due to the tension of the SMA cable 6, the helical springs 8 at both ends will be tightened synchronously with the rotation, thereby storing elastic potential energy. When the external excitation disappears and the cable / rod vibration ends, the tightened helical springs 8 will release the stored elastic potential energy and convert it into elastic restoring force. This restoring force will push the outer steel cylinder 1 of the damping unit to rotate in the opposite direction of the original rotation direction, thereby tightening the loosened SMA cable 6 again, so that the SMA cable 6 returns to the initial tension state, and at the same time, it drives the two adjacent cables / rods to return to their relative initial positions, and finally realizes the reliable reset of the device and the cable / rod system.

[0044] When encountering extreme weather (or load) conditions such as typhoons or strong earthquakes, the vibration amplitude of two adjacent cables / rods will increase significantly, resulting in a large relative displacement between the two damping units. In this situation, in addition to the restoring effect of the helical spring 8, the shape memory effect of the SMA cable 6 itself can provide additional restoring capability. Through the deformation recovery characteristics of the SMA cable 6 under large displacements, the residual displacement of the cables / rods after extreme loads is controlled, preventing permanent deformation or structural damage due to excessive displacement of the cables / rods.

[0045] Meanwhile, SMA cable 6 exhibits typical "flag-shaped hysteretic behavior." Under cyclic tension-relaxation, its stress-strain curve forms a stable hysteretic energy dissipation curve, thereby dissipating additional vibration energy. Therefore, under extreme weather conditions, SMA cable 6 not only assists in repositioning but also supplements and enhances the overall energy dissipation performance of the damping device, further strengthening the vibration control effect on the cable / rod and ensuring the safety and stability of the structure under extreme conditions.

[0046] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "axial," "circumferential," "inner," and "outer," indicating orientation or positional relationships, are all used with reference to the orientation shown in the accompanying drawings or the usual placement direction of the product during use, and are used only for ease of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0047] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the inventive concept, various equivalent modifications can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such equivalent modifications fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, it should be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. To avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not further describe the various possible combinations.

Claims

1. An adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device and its application, characterized in that: It includes two damping units that are tightly connected together by an SMA cable (6). Each damping unit includes two sets of semi-circular steel outer cylinders (1) and a semi-circular steel inner cylinder (2) embedded in the steel outer cylinder (1) and used to be fitted on the outer surface of the cable / rod. The inner surface of the semi-circular steel inner cylinder (2) is a rubber layer (9) and the outer surface is a conductor plate (10). Electromagnets (3) are evenly arranged along the axial and circumferential directions on the inner side of the steel outer cylinder, and the magnetic poles of adjacent circumferential electromagnets (3) are opposite. The steel inner cylinder (2) and the steel outer cylinder (1) are fixed together by a smooth groove (4) in the middle, and the two semi-circular components are combined into one component and fixed on the cable / rod by thickened pipe clamps (501, 502) at both ends.

2. The adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel inner cylinder (2) is fixed at both ends with thickened pipe clamps (502) and internal hex bolts (504).

3. The adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel outer cylinder (1) is fixed with thickened pipe clamps (501) and internal hex bolts (503) installed on both ends.

4. The adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The steel outer cylinder (1) has a rough necked section of length L in the middle; the SMA cable fixing clip (7) is installed on the rough necked section, and the SMA cable (6) is wound around the rough necked section.

5. The adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The junction of the necked section of the outer steel cylinder (1) and the straight section of the outer steel cylinder (1) is a smooth curved surface with a radius of curvature R1.

6. The adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer steel cylinder (1) and the inner steel cylinder (2) are fixed with helical springs (8) for resetting. The helical springs (8) are fixed with rivets (11) to the outer end face of the inner steel cylinder (2) and the inner end face of the outer steel cylinder (1) respectively.

7. An application of the adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Two damping units are respectively installed on two adjacent cables / rods. At the same time, the two ends of the SMA cable (6) are fixed and wrapped tightly around the rough section in the middle of the two damping units to form a cable / rod type damping connection structure. When the cable / rod is subjected to external excitations such as wind load, seismic load, and vehicle load, the two adjacent cables / rods will generate relative displacement due to the phase difference of vibration. This relative displacement will directly pull the SMA cable (6) wrapped tightly on the damping unit, causing the SMA cable (6) to be tensioned. Since there is contact friction between the SMA cable (6) and the rough section in the middle of the damping unit, the SMA cable (6) will be stretched. The tensioning of the cable (6) will further drive the outer steel cylinder (1) of the damping unit to rotate, which will cause the outer steel cylinder (1) and the inner steel cylinder (2) fixed on the cable / rod to rotate relative to each other. At this time, the electromagnet (3) preset inside the outer steel cylinder (1) of the damping unit and the conductor plate (10) bonded to the surface of the inner steel cylinder (2) will generate an electromagnetic induction effect due to the relative rotation, which will generate an eddy current damping force. This eddy current damping force can effectively dissipate the energy generated by the vibration of the cable / rod, and finally achieve the vibration reduction (vibration) control effect of the cable / rod.

8. The application of the adaptive eddy current composite damping cable / rod vibration dual control device according to claim 7, characterized in that: During vibration, the SMA cable (6) which was originally in a tight state will become loose after being tensioned. In order to realize the self-reset function of the device, helical springs (8) are installed at both ends of the two damping units of the damping device. When the outer steel cylinder (1) and the inner steel cylinder (2) of the damping unit rotate relative to each other due to the tension of the SMA cable (6), the helical springs (8) at both ends will be tightened synchronously with the rotation, thereby storing elastic potential energy. When the external excitation disappears and the cable / rod vibration ends, the tightened helical springs (8) will release the stored elastic potential energy and convert it into elastic restoring force. This restoring force will push the outer steel cylinder (1) of the damping unit to rotate in the opposite direction of the original rotation direction, thereby tightening the loose SMA cable (6) again, so that the SMA cable (6) returns to the initial tension state, and at the same time drives the two adjacent cables / rods to return to the relative initial position, and finally realize the reliable reset of the device and the cable / rod system. When encountering extreme weather or load conditions such as typhoons and strong earthquakes, the vibration amplitude of two adjacent cables / rods will increase significantly, resulting in a huge relative displacement between the two damping units. At this time, in addition to the reset function of the helical spring (8), the shape memory effect of the SMA cable (6) itself provides additional reset capability. Through the deformation recovery characteristics of the SMA cable (6) under large displacement, the residual displacement of the cable / rod after extreme load is controlled, avoiding permanent deformation or structural damage caused by excessive displacement of the cable / rod. At the same time, when the SMA cable (6) is subjected to reciprocating tension-relaxation, its stress-strain curve will form a stable hysteresis energy dissipation curve, thereby dissipating an additional part of the vibration energy.

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