Novel shield tunnel structure and construction technology thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel shield design and construction, in particular to a novel shield tunnel structure and a construction technology thereof.The novel shield tunnel structure comprises a shield structure and a laminated concrete layer; the shield structure is of an annular structure formed by splicing a plurality of concrete shield sheets; a waterproof film layer is sprayed on the inner surface of the shield structure; the laminated concrete layer is poured on the inner side of the waterproof film layer, a reinforcing mesh is embedded in the laminated concrete layer, and the construction technology comprises the steps of shield sheet forming processing, shield sheet splicing, waterproof treatment, quality control inspection and laminated concrete lining layer construction. An embedded bolt hole and a metal connecting piece are omitted, the problem of bolt rust expansion damage caused by electrochemical corrosion is fundamentally solved, the overall spraying flexible seamless waterproof film technology is adopted, a rubber sealing strip which is prone to aging failure is replaced, the waterproof film has excellent ductility and bonding performance, and the service life of the waterproof film is prolonged. Deformation and deviation of the joint can be effectively adapted, and a continuous and compact waterproof barrier is formed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of tunnel shield design and construction technology, specifically to a novel shield tunnel structure and its construction process. Background Technology

[0002] The lining structure of shield tunnels is typically assembled from precast concrete segments, and the connection method directly affects the structural integrity, waterproofing performance, and construction efficiency. The traditional and most widely used connection method involves pre-embedded bolt holes in the circumferential and longitudinal directions of the segments, using high-strength bolts for fastening. However, long-term application has revealed several significant drawbacks: Bolted connections inherently present material durability issues. Bolts are typically made of metal and are highly susceptible to electrochemical corrosion when exposed to high humidity and ion-rich underground environments for extended periods. Corrosion not only leads to bolt cross-sectional area loss and strength reduction but also causes stress concentration around bolt holes in concrete segments due to rust expansion, resulting in localized cracking or even chipping, severely impacting the structural integrity of the segments.

[0003] Waterproofing systems rely on the compression and deformation of rubber sealing strips to achieve a seal. However, during long-term service, rubber materials can age, harden, undergo permanent deformation, or even fail, losing their elastic recovery ability. Simultaneously, bolt preload may decrease due to corrosion or loosening, further reducing the pressure on the contact surface. This prevents the sealing strip from effectively filling the joint gaps. Under high groundwater levels, water can easily seep into the tunnel along the joints, causing leaks and affecting operational safety and structural durability.

[0004] Crucially, the bolt holes themselves constitute a weak point in waterproofing. The holes disrupt the integrity of the concrete, and even with the use of sealing rings or plugging materials, seepage paths can still easily form, especially in strata with high hydrostatic pressure, where the problem is even more pronounced.

[0005] In summary, while traditional bolted connections have played an important role in the development of shield tunnels, their limitations in durability, waterproofing reliability, and construction efficiency are becoming increasingly apparent. There is an urgent need to develop new connection technologies to improve the overall performance and sustainable development capabilities of shield structures. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a novel shield tunnel structure and its construction process to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background section.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution.

[0008] A novel shield tunnel structure includes a shield structure and a composite concrete layer; the shield structure is assembled from several concrete shield segments to form a ring structure; the inner surface of the shield structure is sprayed with a waterproof membrane layer; the composite concrete layer is poured inside the waterproof membrane layer, and the composite concrete layer is embedded with a steel mesh.

[0009] A novel shield tunnel structure construction process, used for constructing the aforementioned novel shield tunnel structure, specifically includes the following steps: Step 1, Shield Segment Forming and Processing: The recycled soil material formed by the excavation and dewatering treatment of the slag generated during shield construction is used as the main aggregate. Fine-grained high-density concrete and reinforcing materials are added, and the material is formed by concrete extrusion equipment to obtain a fiber-reinforced concrete shield segment without steel bars. Step 2, Shield Segment Assembly: The concrete shield segments are assembled into a ring structure using an assembly machine. The circumferential and longitudinal connections are achieved by relying on the structural characteristics and precise geometric dimensions of the concrete shield segments themselves, thus forming the shield structure. Step 3, Waterproofing treatment: Use a spraying device to spray waterproof material onto the inner surface of the shield structure. The spray thickness is 0.2-3mm, forming a continuous and complete flexible and moisture-resistant waterproof membrane layer. Step 4, Quality Control Inspection: The strength and dimensional accuracy of the shield structure, as well as the thickness of the waterproof membrane layer, are tested to ensure that each shield segment meets the design requirements; Step 5, Construction of the composite concrete lining layer: Install steel mesh at a distance of 20-50mm from the waterproof membrane layer and the surface of the steel formwork. Use a trolley to pull the steel formwork for slipforming construction. Pump concrete into the annular pumping space formed between the steel formwork and the waterproof membrane layer, with a thickness of 100-300mm, to form a composite concrete layer. The strength of the poured concrete should reach 0.2-1MPa when the slipform moves.

[0010] Preferably, the compressive strength of the concrete shield segment is 50-80 MPa, and the bending and splitting strength is 10-20 MPa.

[0011] Preferably, the spraying device includes a frame, a frame-shaped base fixed on the frame and extending vertically, and a slide table slidably mounted on the frame-shaped base; the slide table is provided with an adjustment mechanism and a shaft, the shaft passing through the inside of the adjustment mechanism, and the frame-shaped base is provided with a first drive mechanism for driving the slide table to rise and fall; the shaft is a hollow rod, and an end shell communicating with its interior is fixed to the front end of the shaft; several telescopic guide rods, all communicating with the end shell, are arranged in a ring array on the outer periphery of the end shell, and each telescopic guide rod is connected to a spray nozzle at its end; the slide table is provided with a second drive mechanism for driving the shaft to rotate and adjust; the adjustment mechanism is used to synchronously adjust the telescopic guide rods during the lifting and lowering of the slide table to adapt to shield structures of different diameters.

[0012] Preferably, the telescopic guide rod consists of a main hollow rod and auxiliary hollow rods; each main hollow rod is fixed to the periphery of the end shell, and each auxiliary hollow rod is correspondingly slidably inserted into the main hollow rod; each nozzle is fixed to the end of the auxiliary hollow rod located outside the main hollow rod; the end of the shaft away from the end shell is rotatably connected to a feed pipe through an adapter sleeve, and the feed pipe is connected to the inside of the shaft through the adapter sleeve; the end of the feed pipe is connected to the spraying material supply equipment.

[0013] Preferably, the adjusting mechanism includes an external threaded sleeve, a rack, gear A, an annular nut seat, and a traction arm; the external threaded sleeve is rotatably mounted on the slide table, the rack is vertically fixed to the side of the frame seat, gear A is fixedly fitted on the external threaded sleeve and meshes with the rack; the annular nut seat is threadedly fitted on the external threaded sleeve, a guide rod parallel to the external threaded sleeve is fixed to the front side of the slide table, and the annular nut seat is simultaneously slidably fitted on the guide rod; an annular connector is rotatably mounted on the circumference of the annular nut seat; a traction arm is hingedly mounted on each hollow rod near the nozzle, and the end of each traction arm is hinged to the annular connector; a shaft is arranged through the external threaded sleeve, and the two are coaxially arranged; the outer wall of the shaft is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the external threaded sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the second drive mechanism includes a second drive motor, gear B, and gear C; the second drive motor is fixed to the side of the slide, gear B is fixed to the output shaft of the second drive motor; gear C is fixed to the shaft and close to the adapter sleeve, and gear C meshes with gear B.

[0015] Preferably, the first drive mechanism includes a first threaded rod, a first drive motor, and slide rails; two vertically extending slide rails are symmetrically fixed inside the frame-shaped seat, a slide table is slidably mounted on the two slide rails, and the slide table is provided with a vertically penetrating threaded hole; the first threaded rod is vertically rotatably mounted on the frame-shaped seat, and the first threaded rod passes through the threaded hole and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole; the first drive motor is fixed on the top of the frame-shaped seat, and the output shaft of the first drive motor is fixedly connected to the top end of the first threaded rod.

[0016] Preferably, the frame seat is further provided with a support mechanism extending below it. The support mechanism includes a second threaded rod, a support rod, and a base. The second threaded rod is rotatably mounted on one side of the frame seat via a bracket, and a slide rod is fixed on the other side via a bracket. The threads on the second threaded rod are opposite to the threads on the first threaded rod, and the top of the second threaded rod is connected to the first threaded rod via a pulley set. A nut seat block is fitted with a threaded fitting on the second threaded rod, and a slide block is slidably fitted on the slide rod. Support rods are fixed below both the nut seat block and the slide block, and both support rods extend below the frame seat. The base is fixed to the bottom ends of the two support rods.

[0017] Preferably, the pulley assembly includes a synchronous belt and a pair of synchronous pulleys; the top of the frame seat has a mounting cavity; the portion of the first threaded rod located in the mounting cavity and the top of the second threaded rod are both fixedly fitted with the synchronous pulleys, and the synchronous belt drive is fitted on the two synchronous pulleys.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows.

[0019] This process eliminates the problem of bolt rust and damage caused by electrochemical corrosion by removing pre-embedded bolt holes and metal connectors, thus avoiding the risk of stress concentration cracking in concrete. It adopts a flexible, seamless waterproof membrane technology with overall spraying, replacing the easily aging and failing rubber sealing strips. This waterproof membrane has excellent extensibility and adhesion properties, effectively adapting to joint deformation and displacement, forming a continuous and dense waterproof barrier, which significantly improves the waterproof performance and service life of the lining structure.

[0020] The application of fiber-reinforced concrete materials gives the segments isotropic mechanical properties, with compressive strength reaching 50-80MPa and flexural strength reaching 10-20MPa. The three-dimensional randomly distributed fiber network effectively inhibits the generation and development of concrete cracks, improves the toughness and impact resistance of the structure, and enables the unreinforced segments to have both high strength and high crack resistance.

[0021] The spraying device uses a first drive mechanism to lift and adjust the height of the sliding table's adjusting shaft. This, in conjunction with the adjusting mechanism, causes the telescopic guide rod to extend and retract synchronously during the lifting and lowering of the sliding table, adapting to shield structures of different diameters and offering high versatility. Simultaneously, a second drive mechanism drives the shaft to rotate, achieving rotary spraying. This ensures a continuous and uniformly thick waterproof membrane layer, avoiding defects such as uneven thickness and missed areas caused by differences in tunnel diameter or unstable manual spraying operations. This improves the stability of the waterproof membrane construction quality and its adaptability to tunnels with different cross-sections.

[0022] The support mechanism is connected to the first threaded rod via a pulley set, and the threads of the second threaded rod are opposite to those of the first threaded rod. When the first threaded rod drives the slide to rise and fall, the second threaded rod synchronously drives the nut seat block to move the base in the opposite direction. This ensures that the traveling wheels are always in stable contact with the inner surface of the shield structure, providing reliable support for the frame seat and related components for spraying and assembly. It also avoids problems such as uneven spraying thickness caused by equipment displacement or shaking during construction, thereby improving the stability of the overall construction process and the accuracy of structural construction. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the novel shield tunnel structure. Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the construction process steps for this new type of tunnel boring machine. Figure 3This is a schematic diagram of the concrete extrusion equipment used in this process; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the concrete shield tunneling segment structure used in this process; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional construction of the composite lining steel formwork in this process; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the composite lining of the shield tunnel in this process; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the spraying equipment used in the process; Figure 8 for Figure 6 Another perspective view of the structure shown; Figure 9 This is one of the schematic diagrams of a partial structure on the frame-type base in this invention; Figure 10 for Figure 8 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point A in the middle; Figure 11 This is the second schematic diagram of a partial structure on the frame-type base in this invention; Figure 12 This is a partial structural diagram of the adjustment mechanism in this invention; Figure 13 for Figure 11 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the structure shown; Figure 14 for Figure 12 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B in the diagram; Figure 15 for Figure 12 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point C.

[0024] In the diagram: 01, Primary screw extruder; 02, Vacuum chamber; 03, Secondary screw extruder; 04, Extrusion die system; 05, Cutting saw; 06, Concrete shield segment; 061, Shield structure; 07, Waterproof membrane layer; 08, Composite concrete layer; 09, Steel formwork; 091, Annular pumping space; 092, Trolley; 1, Frame; 2, Frame seat; 21, Mounting cavity; 3, Slide table; 4, First drive mechanism; 41, First threaded rod; 42, First drive motor; 421, Synchronous pulley; 422, Synchronous belt; 43, Slide rail; 44, Threaded hole; 5, Adjustment mechanism; 51. 52. External threaded sleeve; 53. Rack; 54. Gear A; 55. Guide rod; 56. Ring nut seat; 57. Ring connector; 6. Traction arm; 78. Shaft; 69. End shell; 60. Adapter sleeve; 61. Feed pipe; 72. Telescopic guide rod; 701. Nozzle; 71. Main hollow rod; 72. Secondary hollow rod; 83. Second drive mechanism; 84. Second drive motor; 85. Gear B; 86. Gear C; 97. Support mechanism; 98. Bracket; 98. Second threaded rod; 99. Nut seat block; 90. Support rod; 91. Base; 92. Traveling wheel; 93. Slide rod; 94. Slide seat. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection" and "installation" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" can be a detachable connection or a non-detachable connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "connection" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. "Fixed" means that the devices are connected to each other and their relative positional relationship remains unchanged after the connection. The directional terms mentioned in the embodiments of the present invention, such as "inner," "outer," "top," and "bottom," are only for reference to the directions in the accompanying drawings. Therefore, the directional terms used are for better and clearer explanation and understanding of the embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the embodiments of the present invention.

[0027] In this embodiment of the invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0028] In this embodiment of the invention, "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, and B existing alone. Additionally, the character " / " in this document generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0029] References to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" as used in this specification mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the invention. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," "in still other embodiments," etc., appearing in different parts of this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, but rather mean "one or more, but not all, embodiments," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including, but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized. Example 1

[0030] Please see Figure 1 The present invention provides a novel shield tunnel structure, including a shield structure 061 and a composite concrete layer 08. The shield structure 061 is assembled from several concrete shield pieces 06 to form a ring structure. The inner surface of the shield structure 061 is sprayed with a waterproof membrane layer 07. The composite concrete layer 08 is poured inside the waterproof membrane layer 07 and has a steel mesh embedded in it. Example 2

[0031] Please see Figure 2 This invention provides a novel shield tunnel structure construction process for the novel shield tunnel structure in Example 1, specifically including the following steps: Step 1, Shield Segment Forming and Processing: Recycled soil, formed by extruding and dewatering the excavated soil generated during shield tunneling, is used as the main aggregate. Fine-grained high-density concrete (manufacturing process described in invention patent application number CN202510897246.1) and reinforcing materials are added, and the mixture is formed using concrete extrusion equipment to obtain a fiber-reinforced concrete shield segment 06 without steel reinforcement. The reinforcing material is one or a mixture of several of the following: polyester fiber, basalt fiber, glass fiber, or steel fiber. The concrete shield segment 06 is as follows... Figure 3 As shown, the concrete shield segment 06 has a compressive strength of 50-80MPa, a bending and splitting strength of 10-20MPa, and the formed concrete shield segment 06 has a smooth surface and no bolt holes. Step 2, Shield segment assembly: such as Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, the concrete shield segment 06 is assembled into a ring structure by an assembly machine. The circumferential and longitudinal connections are achieved by relying on the structural characteristics and precise geometric dimensions of the concrete shield segment 06 itself, forming the shield structure 061, thus completely eliminating the traditional bolt connection process. Step 3, Waterproofing Treatment: Using a spraying device, waterproof material is sprayed onto the inner surface of the shield structure 061, with a thickness of 0.2-3 mm, forming a continuous, complete, flexible, moisture-resistant waterproof membrane layer 07. The waterproof material is a mixture of one or more emulsions selected from polyurea, polyurethane, modified acrylic, modified chloroprene, or modified emulsified asphalt. Waterproof membrane layer 07 is as follows... Figures 4 to 5 As shown; Step 4, Quality Control Inspection: Inspect the strength and dimensional accuracy of shield structure 061 and the thickness of waterproof membrane layer 07 to ensure that each shield segment meets the design requirements. Step 5, construct the composite concrete lining layer: as follows Figure 5 and Figure 6 Steel mesh is installed 20-50mm away from the surface of the waterproof membrane layer 07 and the steel formwork 09. The steel formwork 09 is pulled by the trolley 092 to carry out slipform construction. Concrete with a thickness of 100-300mm is pumped into the annular pumping space 091 formed between the steel formwork 09 and the waterproof membrane layer 07 to form a composite concrete layer 08. The compressive strength of the composite concrete layer 08 is C30-C50. When the slipform moves, the strength of the poured concrete should reach 0.2-1MPa to avoid the concrete cracking due to excessive strength.

[0032] Among them, the segment structure and the composite lining structure in the lining can be made of ordinary concrete, UHPC high-performance concrete or fine-grained high-density concrete. The manufacturing process of fine-grained high-density concrete is described in the invention patent application number CN202510897246.1.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, the concrete extrusion equipment used in step one includes a primary screw extruder 01 and a secondary screw extruder 03 arranged vertically, a vacuum chamber 02 located between the primary screw extruder 01 and the secondary screw extruder 03, an extrusion die system 04 located at the discharge section of the secondary screw extruder 03, and a cutting saw 05 located downstream of the extrusion die system 04. The primary screw extruder 01 mainly uses a twin-shaft mixing and screw propulsion structure to uniformly convey and initially mix the raw materials. It achieves stable material supply through independent power drive. The secondary screw extruder 03 focuses on high-pressure extrusion molding. It generates continuous thrust through a screw sealing structure to compact the material and extrude it through the extrusion die system 04. The two-stage independent drive can flexibly match the material supply and extrusion speed, avoiding insufficient pressure or material accumulation problems caused by a single extruder balancing material supply and compaction.

[0034] In addition, the function of vacuum chamber 02 is to degas and compact. By creating a negative pressure environment through a vacuum pump, the pressure difference between atmospheric pressure and vacuum is used to extract the air and excess free water mixed in the raw materials. This allows the concrete particles to be tightly bound and the capillary structure to be refined. This not only avoids strength defects caused by air bubbles in the molded components, but also reduces the water-cement ratio, increases the compressive strength of the concrete by 30%, and improves the surface wear resistance and impermeability.

[0035] The extrusion die system 04 uses a steel die. The exit part is designed according to the arc length, chord length, inner and outer chord lengths and thickness of the concrete shield segment 06, and is completely matched with the size of the concrete shield segment 06. In continuous extrusion production, the cutting saw 05 is used to automatically cut according to the design width to achieve segmentation.

[0036] This technology utilizes dewatered waste slurry generated during tunnel boring machine (TBM) construction as the main aggregate in segment production, achieving resource utilization of engineering waste, reducing external aggregate demand, lowering raw material costs and transportation energy consumption, reducing land occupation and environmental pollution, and meeting the requirements of green construction and sustainable development. Furthermore, the innovative boltless connection design simplifies the segment assembly process to simple hoisting and positioning, eliminating the tedious bolt alignment and tightening procedures, significantly shortening the assembly time per ring. Simultaneously, it avoids the high-intensity, highly repetitive manual bolt tightening work, significantly reducing the labor intensity of workers and improving the construction environment. Example 3

[0037] Please see Figures 7-15 This embodiment provides a spraying device, which is specifically applied in step three of embodiment 2 above. The spraying device can spray and form a waterproof membrane layer 07 with uniform thickness, effectively ensuring the waterproof performance of the shield tunnel lining structure.

[0038] The spraying device includes a stand 1, a frame seat 2, and a slide table 3. The stand 1 is fixed on the work vehicle (not shown in the figure), the frame seat 2 is fixed on the stand 1 and extends vertically upward. The slide table 3 is slidably mounted on the frame seat 2. In addition, the slide table 3 is provided with an adjustment mechanism 5 and a shaft 6. The frame seat 2 is provided with a first drive mechanism 4 for driving the slide table 3 to lift and adjust, and the slide table 3 is provided with a second drive mechanism 8 for driving the shaft 6 to rotate and adjust.

[0039] Among them, the shaft 6 is a hollow shaft, and an end shell 61 communicating with its interior is fixed on the front end of the shaft 6. Several telescopic guide rods 7, all communicating with the end shell 61, are arranged in a ring array on the outer periphery of the end shell 61. Each telescopic guide rod 7 is connected to a nozzle 701 at its end. The adjustment mechanism 5 is used to adjust the telescopic guide rods 7 synchronously when the slide table 3 is raised and lowered, so as to adapt to shield structures 061 of different diameters.

[0040] Each nozzle 701 is fixed to the end of the auxiliary hollow rod 72 located outside the main hollow rod 71. The end of the shaft 6 away from the end shell 61 is rotatably fitted with an adapter sleeve 62. The adapter sleeve 62 is connected to a feed pipe 63. The feed pipe 63 is rotatably connected to the shaft 6 through the adapter sleeve 62 to adapt to the position change of the shaft 6 during operation and ensure continuous and smooth material supply. The end of the feed pipe 63 is connected to the spraying material supply equipment (not shown in the figure). The waterproof material is transported and supplied to the feed pipe 63 through the spraying material supply equipment. The waterproof material then enters the shaft 6 and end shell 61 through the adapter sleeve 62, and then flows to each nozzle 701 through the telescopic guide rod 7. Finally, it is sprayed onto the inner wall of the shield structure 061 by each nozzle 701 to form a waterproof membrane layer 07.

[0041] The first drive mechanism 4 drives the slide 3 and the shaft 6 to rise and fall, adjusting the shaft 6 to a height that is coaxial with the shield structure 061. The telescopic guide rods 7 and 601 are evenly distributed on the periphery of the end shell 61, and each telescopic guide rod 7 extends radially along the shaft 6, which can ensure that the distance between each nozzle 701 and the inner surface of the shield structure 061 is basically consistent, ensuring uniform coating thickness. During spraying, the second drive mechanism 8 drives the shaft 6, end shell 61, telescopic guide rods 7 and nozzles 701 to rotate, and combined with the movement of the work vehicle, a rotary movement operation mode can be realized, with a high degree of automation and high coating quality.

[0042] like Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 As shown, the adjustment mechanism 5 includes an external threaded sleeve 51, a rack 52, a gear A 53, an annular nut seat 55, and a traction arm 57. The external threaded sleeve 51 is rotatably mounted on the slide table 3, and the shaft 6 is arranged through the external threaded sleeve 51, and the two are arranged coaxially. In addition, the outer wall of the shaft 6 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the external threaded sleeve 51.

[0043] The rack 52 is vertically fixed to the side of the frame seat 2. The gear A53 is fixedly fitted on the external threaded sleeve 51 and meshes with the rack 52. The annular nut seat 55 is threadedly fitted on the external threaded sleeve 51. A guide rod 54 is fixed on the front side of the slide table 3 and is parallel to the external threaded sleeve 51. The annular nut seat 55 is slidably fitted on the guide rod 54. An annular connector 56 is installed on the circumference of the annular nut seat 55 for limiting rotation. A traction arm 57 is hinged on each hollow rod 72 near the nozzle 701. The end of each traction arm 57 is hinged to the annular connector 56.

[0044] In addition, the telescopic guide rod 7 is composed of a main hollow rod 71 and a secondary hollow rod 72. Each main hollow rod 71 is fixed on the periphery of the end shell 61, and each secondary hollow rod 72 is correspondingly slidably inserted into the main hollow rod 71. The connection between the main hollow rod 71 and the secondary hollow rod 72 is sealed to ensure the sealing effect between the two when the secondary hollow rod 72 is telescopically adjusted.

[0045] When constructing shield tunnel lining structures of different diameters, the first drive mechanism 4 drives the sliding table 3 to rise and fall, thereby synchronously raising and lowering the external threaded sleeve 51, the shaft 6, and the auxiliary components on the shaft 6. This is to adjust the axis of the shaft 6 to be aligned with the axis of the shield structure 061. In addition, the length of the telescopic guide rod 7 needs to be adjusted synchronously to ensure that the distance between each nozzle 701 and the inner surface of the shield structure 061 remains consistent. The specific principle of synchronous telescopic adjustment of the telescopic guide rod 7 is as follows: For the shield structure 061 with a larger diameter, the first drive mechanism 4 drives the slide table 3 and drives the external threaded sleeve 51 and shaft 6 to move upward. When the external threaded sleeve 51 moves upward, the gear A53 on it meshes with the rack 52. The fixed rack 52 can mesh with the drive gear A53 and drive the external threaded sleeve 51 to rotate. The rotating external threaded sleeve 51 can drive the ring nut seat 55 to move along the guide rod 54 to the end shell 61 side. Under the traction of the traction arm 57, it drives each hollow rod 72 to extend outward, so that each telescopic guide rod 7 can extend and adjust at the same time, thereby ensuring that the distance between each nozzle 701 and the inner surface of the shield structure 061 is adjusted to the predetermined value. For the small-diameter shield structure 061, the first drive mechanism 4 drives the slide 3 to move down. Under the meshing action of the rack 52 and the gear A53, the external threaded sleeve 51 can be driven to reverse. The reversed external threaded sleeve 51 drives the annular nut seat 55 to move towards the adapter sleeve 62. Under the traction action of the traction arm 57, it drives each set of hollow rods 72 to slide back, so as to ensure that the position of the nozzle 701 is adapted to the shield structure 061.

[0046] In addition, by utilizing the rotational engagement of the annular connector 56 and the annular nut seat 55, motion interference between the traction arm 57 and the secondary hollow rod 72 can be avoided, ensuring the normal rotational operation of the shaft 6, the telescopic guide rod 7, and the nozzle 701 as a whole.

[0047] The telescopic guide rod 7 is telescopically adjusted and the shaft height of the shaft rod 6 is adjusted synchronously by the adjustment mechanism 5. Both adjustments rely on the first drive mechanism 4 to drive the slide table 3 to rise and fall as a power source. There is no need to provide an additional drive source for the telescopic guide rod 7. The timing of the telescopic guide rod 7 telescopic adjustment is matched with the timing of the shaft height adjustment of the shaft rod 6. Example 4

[0048] Please see Figure 9 and Figure 11 Based on Embodiment 3, this embodiment provides a detailed explanation of the first driving mechanism 4 and the second driving mechanism 8, as follows: The second drive mechanism 8 includes a second drive motor 81, gear B82, and gear C83. The second drive motor 81 is fixed to the side of the slide table 3. Gear B82 is fixed on the output shaft of the second drive motor 81. Gear C83 is fixed on the shaft 6 and near the adapter sleeve 62. Gear C83 meshes with gear B82. When the second drive motor 81 works, its output shaft drives gear B82 to rotate. The rotating gear B82 meshes with the drive gear C83 and drives the shaft 6 to rotate, providing a stable drive for the rotary spraying operation.

[0049] The first drive mechanism 4 includes a first threaded rod 41, a first drive motor 42, and a slide rail 43. Two vertically extending slide rails 43 are symmetrically fixed inside the frame-shaped base 2. The slide table 3 is slidably mounted on the two slide rails 43, and the slide table 3 is provided with a vertically penetrating threaded hole 44. The first threaded rod 41 is vertically rotatably mounted on the frame-shaped base 2, and the first threaded rod 41 passes through the threaded hole 44 and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole 44. The first drive motor 42 is fixed on the top of the frame-shaped base 2, and the output shaft of the first drive motor 42 is fixedly connected to the top end of the first threaded rod 41. The first drive motor 42 drives the first threaded rod 41 to rotate in the forward or reverse direction. The first threaded rod 41 rotating in the forward direction can drive the slide table 3 to move upward along the slide rail 43, and the first threaded rod 41 rotating in the reverse direction can drive the slide table 3 to move downward along the slide rail 43, providing a stable drive for the lifting and lowering of the slide table 3. Example 5

[0050] Please see Figure 3 and Figure 9 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 4 is that: The frame-type base 2 is also provided with a support mechanism 9 extending below it. The support mechanism 9 includes a second threaded rod 91, a support rod 93, and a base 94. The second threaded rod 91 is rotatably mounted on one side of the frame-type base 2 via a bracket 901, and a slide rod 96 is fixed on the other side via a bracket 901. The threads on the second threaded rod 91 are opposite to the threads on the first threaded rod 41. The top of the second threaded rod 91 is connected to the first threaded rod 41 via a pulley set. A nut seat block 92 with matching threads is fitted on the second threaded rod 91, and the slide rod 94... The upper sliding assembly 6 has a slide block 97, and a support rod 93 is fixed below the nut block 92 and the slide block 97. Both support rods 93 extend to the bottom of the frame seat 2. The base 94 is fixed to the bottom end of the two support rods 93. In addition, there is a pair of traveling wheels 95 below the base 94. The two traveling wheels 95 and the tires of the working vehicle are in contact with the inner surface of the shield structure 061. The structure formed by the support rods 93, the base 94 and the traveling wheels 95 provides effective support for the frame seat 2 and its components, ensuring stability during operation.

[0051] Among them, such as Figure 10 As shown, the pulley assembly includes a synchronous belt 422 and a pair of synchronous pulleys 421. The top of the frame seat 2 has a mounting cavity 21. The portion of the first threaded rod 41 located in the mounting cavity 21 and the top of the second threaded rod 91 are both fixedly fitted with synchronous pulleys 421. The synchronous belt 422 is driven and fitted on the two synchronous pulleys 421.

[0052] When the first threaded rod 41 rotates to drive the slide 3 to rise and fall, the pulley group composed of the synchronous belt 422 and the two synchronous pulleys 421 can drive the second threaded rod 91 to rotate synchronously. Since the threads on the second threaded rod 91 and the first threaded rod 41 are opposite, when the first threaded rod 41 drives the slide 3 to move upward, the second threaded rod 91 drives the nut seat block 92 to move downward, and when the first threaded rod 41 drives the slide 3 to move downward, the second threaded rod 91 drives the nut seat block 92 to move upward. This allows the position of the base 94 to be synchronously adjusted with the height of the coaxial rod 6, so that the support mechanism 9 can provide support for the frame seat 2 to adapt to shield structures 061 of different diameters. In addition, the support mechanism 9 and the first threaded rod 41 are linked and cooperate with each other, so there is no need to provide additional drive for the position adjustment of the base 94, ensuring that the timing of the position adjustment of the base 94 matches the timing of the lifting adjustment of the slide 3.

[0053] The control method of this invention is automatic control through a controller. The control circuit of the controller can be implemented by simple programming by those skilled in the art. The power supply is also common knowledge in the art. Furthermore, since this invention is mainly used to protect mechanical devices, the control method and circuit connection will not be explained in detail here.

[0054] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention.

Claims

1. A novel shield tunnel structure, characterized in that: It includes a shield structure (061) and a composite concrete layer (08). The shield structure (061) is assembled from several concrete shield sections (06) to form a ring structure; The inner surface of the shield structure (061) is coated with a waterproof membrane layer (07). The composite concrete layer (08) is poured inside the waterproof membrane layer (07), and the composite concrete layer (08) is embedded with a steel mesh.

2. A novel shield tunnel structure construction process for constructing the novel shield tunnel structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Step 1, shield segment forming and processing: The recycled soil material formed by the excavation and dewatering treatment of the slag generated during shield construction is used as the main aggregate, and fine-grained high-density concrete and reinforcing materials are added. The material is formed by concrete extrusion equipment to obtain a non-reinforced fiber-reinforced concrete shield segment (06). Step 2, shield segment assembly: The concrete shield segments (06) are assembled into a ring structure by an assembly machine. The circumferential and longitudinal connections are achieved by relying on the structural characteristics and precise geometric dimensions of the concrete shield segments (06) themselves, forming a shield structure (061). Step 3, waterproofing treatment: Use a spraying device to spray waterproof material onto the inner surface of the shield structure (061), with a spraying thickness of 0.2-3mm, to form a continuous and complete flexible moisture-resistant waterproof membrane layer (07). Step 4, Quality Control Inspection: The strength and dimensional accuracy of the shield structure (061) and the thickness of the waterproof membrane layer (07) are tested to ensure that each shield segment meets the design requirements; Step 5, construct the composite concrete lining layer: install steel mesh at a distance of 20-50mm from the surface of the waterproof membrane (07) and the steel formwork (09), and use a trolley (092) to pull the steel formwork (09) for slipforming construction. Pump concrete into the annular pumping space (091) formed between the steel formwork (09) and the waterproof membrane (07), with a thickness of 100-300mm, to form a composite concrete layer (08). When the slipform moves, the strength of the poured concrete should reach 0.2-1MPa.

3. The novel shield tunnel structure construction technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The concrete shield segment (06) has a compressive strength of 50-80 MPa and a bending and splitting strength of 10-20 MPa.

4. The novel shield tunnel structure construction technology according to claim 2, characterized in that: The spraying device includes a stand (1), a frame-shaped base (2) fixed on the stand (1) and extending vertically, and a slide (3) that is limited and slidably mounted on the frame-shaped base (2). The slide (3) is provided with an adjustment mechanism (5) and a shaft (6). The shaft (6) passes through the inside of the adjustment mechanism (5). The frame seat (2) is provided with a first drive mechanism (4) for driving the slide (3) to lift and adjust. The shaft (6) is a hollow shaft, and an end shell (61) communicating with its interior is fixed on the front end of the shaft (6). The outer periphery of the end shell (61) is arranged in a ring array with several telescopic guide rods (7) that are all connected to the end shell (61), and each telescopic guide rod (7) is connected to a nozzle (701) at its end. The slide (3) is provided with a second drive mechanism (8) for driving the shaft (6) to rotate and adjust. The adjustment mechanism (5) is used to coordinate with the telescopic guide rod (7) to extend and retract synchronously when the slide (3) is raised and lowered, so as to adapt to shield structures (061) of different diameters.

5. The novel shield tunnel structure construction technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: The telescopic guide rod (7) is composed of a main hollow rod (71) and a secondary hollow rod (72); Each main hollow rod (71) is fixed on the periphery of the end shell (61), and each secondary hollow rod (72) is correspondingly slidably inserted into the main hollow rod (71); The nozzles (701) are fixed one-to-one with the ends of the secondary hollow rods (72) located outside the main hollow rods (71); The end of the shaft (6) away from the end shell (61) is rotatably connected to the feed pipe (63) through the adapter sleeve (62), and the feed pipe (63) is connected to the inside of the shaft (6) through the adapter sleeve (62); The end of the feed pipe (63) is connected to the spraying material supply equipment.

6. The novel shield tunnel structure construction technology according to claim 5, characterized in that: The adjustment mechanism (5) includes an external threaded sleeve (51), a rack (52), a gear A (53), an annular nut seat (55), and a traction arm (57). The external threaded sleeve (51) is rotatably mounted on the slide (3), the rack (52) is vertically fixed to the side of the frame seat (2), and the gear A (53) is fixedly fitted on the external threaded sleeve (51) and meshes with the rack (52); The annular nut seat (55) is threadedly fitted onto the external threaded sleeve (51), and a guide rod (54) is fixed on the front side of the slide (3) and is parallel to the external threaded sleeve (51). The annular nut seat (55) is simultaneously slidably fitted onto the guide rod (54). The annular nut seat (55) is rotatably mounted on its periphery with an annular connector (56). Each of the said secondary hollow rods (72) is hinged to a traction arm (57) near the nozzle (701), and the end of each of the said traction arms (57) is hinged to the annular connector (56). The shaft (6) is arranged through the external threaded sleeve (51), and the two are arranged coaxially. The outer wall of the shaft (6) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the external threaded sleeve (51).

7. The novel shield tunnel structure construction technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second drive mechanism (8) includes a second drive motor (81), gear B (82) and gear C (83); The second drive motor (81) is fixed to the side of the slide (3), and the gear B (82) is fixed to the output shaft of the second drive motor (81); The gear C (83) is fixed on the shaft (6) and close to the adapter sleeve (62), and the gear C (83) meshes with the gear B (82).

8. The novel shield tunnel structure construction technology according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first drive mechanism (4) includes a first threaded rod (41), a first drive motor (42), and a slide rail (43). The frame-type base (2) is symmetrically fixed with two vertically extending slide rails (43), and the slide table (3) is slidably installed on the two slide rails (43), and the slide table (3) is provided with a vertically penetrating threaded hole (44). The first threaded rod (41) is vertically and rotatably mounted on the frame seat (2), and the first threaded rod (41) passes through the threaded hole (44) and is threadedly connected to the threaded hole (44); The first drive motor (42) is fixed on the top of the frame seat (2), and the output shaft of the first drive motor (42) is fixedly connected to the top of the first threaded rod (41).

9. The novel shield tunnel structure construction technology according to claim 8, characterized in that: The frame base (2) is also provided with a support mechanism (9) extending to its lower part, the support mechanism (9) including a second threaded rod (91), a support rod (93) and a base (94). The frame-type seat (2) has the second threaded rod (91) rotatably mounted on one side via a bracket (901), and a slide rod (96) fixed on the other side via a bracket (901). The threads on the second threaded rod (91) are opposite to those on the first threaded rod (41), and the top of the second threaded rod (91) is connected to the first threaded rod (41) via a pulley set. The second threaded rod (91) is fitted with a nut seat block (92) that matches the thread, and the slide rod (96) is slidably fitted with a slide block (97). Both the nut seat block (92) and the slide block (97) are fixed with support rods (93), and both support rods (93) extend to the bottom of the frame seat (2); The base (94) is fixed to the bottom end of the two support rods (93).

10. The novel shield tunnel structure construction technology according to claim 9, characterized in that: The pulley assembly includes a timing belt (422) and a pair of timing pulleys (421). The frame-type base (2) has a mounting cavity (21) at its top; The portion of the first threaded rod (41) located in the mounting cavity (21) and the top end of the second threaded rod (91) are both fixedly fitted with the synchronous pulley (421), and the synchronous belt (422) is driven and fitted on the two synchronous pulleys (421).

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