Method for testing water vapor blocking capability of photovoltaic component and photovoltaic device

Abstract

The invention provides a method for testing the water vapor blocking capability of a photovoltaic component and a photovoltaic device. The testing method comprises the following steps that a to-be-tested assembly is provided, the to-be-tested assembly comprises a to-be-tested photovoltaic component, and the to-be-tested photovoltaic component is any one or a combination of at least two of a water-blocking adhesive tape, an adhesive film or a photovoltaic cell; and performing a PCT aging experiment on the to-be-detected photovoltaic component, and evaluating the water blocking capability of the to-be-detected photovoltaic component by monitoring a water vapor invasion indication signal related to the water blocking capability of the to-be-detected photovoltaic component. According to the invention, accurate evaluation of the water-blocking performance of photovoltaic components such as water-blocking adhesive tapes, adhesive films, photovoltaic cells and the like is efficiently realized, the test process is simplified, the test efficiency is improved, the test result and the long-term weather resistance of the material in an actual service environment have stronger relevance, and the test result is more accurate. Key data support and scientific basis are provided for development of high-reliability photovoltaic devices aiming at differentiation of different climate conditions, and optimization type selection and combination of materials are effectively guided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of photovoltaics, and specifically relates to a method for testing the water vapor barrier capability of a photovoltaic component and a photovoltaic device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In recent years, with the widespread popularity of photovoltaic power generation technology, the application scenarios of photovoltaic modules have become increasingly diversified and complex, which poses a severe challenge to the climate adaptability of the modules. In particular, in high-temperature and high-humidity environmental conditions, water vapor can easily penetrate into the interior of the module through the tiny gaps between the frame and the glass or backsheet, thereby affecting the performance and service life of the module. Obviously, the traditional single type of photovoltaic module has been difficult to meet the requirements of complex and variable temperature and humidity environments. In order to cope with this challenge, it is necessary to design and develop photovoltaic modules with differentiated weathering performance according to different climate conditions, which requires more careful selection and arrangement of photovoltaic materials to ensure that key materials such as battery sheets, adhesive films, and water-blocking tapes can work together to improve the water-blocking performance of the module.

[0003] Therefore, it is particularly important to accurately evaluate and carefully classify the water-blocking performance of different materials. Through scientific testing methods and strict standards, the water-blocking characteristics of various materials can be thoroughly understood, thereby providing strong data support for the design and manufacture of photovoltaic modules, which not only helps to improve the overall performance of the modules, but also effectively prolongs their service life, laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the photovoltaic power generation industry.

[0004] However, the testing procedures for the water-blocking capability of encapsulation adhesive films, water-blocking tapes, and photovoltaic battery sheets are relatively complex and often use isolated and non-standardized testing methods. These methods often fail to accurately simulate the synergistic working state and failure mechanism of materials in real modules, resulting in weak correlation between the test data and the long-term performance of the modules in actual service environments, and the test period is often too long, which cannot meet the rapid iteration requirements of material development and module design.

[0005] Therefore, it is an urgent technical problem to establish an efficient and accurate testing method that can comprehensively evaluate the water-blocking performance of key materials inside photovoltaic devices, thereby providing reliable basis for the precise design of differentiated climate adaptability modules and material selection. SUMMARY

[0006] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application aims to provide a photovoltaic component water vapor barrier capability test method and photovoltaic device. The test method designed by the present application efficiently realizes accurate evaluation of the water blocking performance of water blocking tapes, adhesive films, and photovoltaic cell pieces and other photovoltaic components, not only simplifies the test process and improves the test efficiency, but also simulates the real water vapor erosion path inside the assembly, so that the test results have stronger correlation with the long-term weather resistance of the materials in the actual service environment, thereby providing key data support and scientific basis for developing differentiated and high-reliability photovoltaic devices for different climate conditions, effectively guiding the optimization of material selection and combination, and laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the photovoltaic power generation industry.

[0007] To achieve the object of the present application, the following technical solutions are adopted:

[0008] In a first aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic component water vapor barrier capability test method, which comprises the following steps:

[0009] A test assembly is provided, which comprises a test photovoltaic component, and the test photovoltaic component is any one of a water blocking tape, an adhesive film, or a photovoltaic cell piece, or a combination of at least two of them.

[0010] A PCT aging test is performed on the test photovoltaic component, and a water vapor intrusion indication signal related to the water blocking capability of the test photovoltaic component is monitored to evaluate the water blocking capability of the test photovoltaic component.

[0011] The test method designed by the present application efficiently realizes accurate evaluation of the water blocking performance of water blocking tapes, adhesive films, and photovoltaic cell pieces and other photovoltaic components, not only simplifies the test process and improves the test efficiency, but also simulates the real water vapor erosion path inside the assembly, so that the test results have stronger correlation with the long-term weather resistance of the materials in the actual service environment, thereby providing key data support and scientific basis for developing differentiated and high-reliability photovoltaic devices for different climate conditions, effectively guiding the optimization of material selection and combination, and laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the photovoltaic power generation industry.

[0012] Based on the test method designed by the present application, and in combination with the annual precipitation data of various regions around the world, water blocking tapes, adhesive films, and photovoltaic cell pieces and other photovoltaic components with different water blocking performances are reasonably allocated, which is beneficial to cost reduction and efficiency improvement, realizes accurate design and matching of key materials of photovoltaic devices, ensures the long-term operation reliability of the photovoltaic devices in specific environments, and improves the power generation guarantee and service life of the photovoltaic system from the source.

[0013] It should be noted that the PCT aging test refers to a high-voltage accelerated aging test.

[0014] Preferably, the test photovoltaic component is a water blocking tape.

[0015] The to-be-tested component is a laminated component, and the preparation steps of the laminated component include:

[0016] The back plate, the first encapsulation film, the water vapor sensitive test paper, the second encapsulation film and the front plate glass are sequentially stacked and laminated; wherein a plurality of through holes are formed around the center of the back plate, and a water blocking tape is attached to the opening end of the through hole away from the first encapsulation film; the water vapor sensitive test paper is distributed near the through hole and in the central area of the back plate.

[0017] Preferably, the shape of the through hole includes any one or a combination of at least two of a rectangle, a square, a circle, a trapezoid or a triangle.

[0018] Preferably, the water vapor sensitive test paper includes cobalt chloride test paper and / or anhydrous copper sulfate reagent.

[0019] Preferably, the area of the water blocking tape is greater than the area of the through hole to which the water blocking tape is attached.

[0020] Preferably, the test parameters of the PCT aging experiment include:

[0021] The temperature is 100-123℃, for example, it can be 100℃, 104℃, 108℃, 112℃, 116℃, 120℃, 121℃, 122℃ or 123℃, etc. The relative humidity is 80-100%, for example, it can be 80%, 90% or 100%, etc. The test time is 90-100h, for example, it can be 90h, 91h, 92h, 93h, 94h, 95h, 96h, 97h, 98h, 99h or 100h, etc.

[0022] Preferably, the water vapor intrusion indication signal is the discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper; according to the discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper, the water blocking tape can be divided into A, B and C levels; wherein the discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper of the A level water blocking tape is <0.5cm, for example, it can be 0.4cm, 0.3cm, 0.2cm or 0.1cm, etc. The discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper of the B level water blocking tape ranges from 0.5-2cm, for example, it can be 0.5cm, 0.8cm, 1cm, 1.5cm or 2cm, etc. The discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper of the C level water blocking tape is >2cm, for example, it can be 2.1cm, 2.2cm, 2.3cm, 2.4cm or 2.5cm, etc.

[0023] Preferably, the to-be-tested photovoltaic component is the first encapsulation film or the second encapsulation film.

[0024] The to-be-tested component is a laminated component, and the preparation steps of the laminated component include:

[0025] The back plate, the first adhesive film, the water vapor sensitive test paper, the cross-shaped barrier layer and the front plate glass are sequentially stacked and laminated, or the back plate, the water vapor sensitive test paper, the second adhesive film, the cross-shaped barrier layer and the front plate glass are sequentially stacked and laminated; wherein a plurality of through holes are formed around the center of the back plate on the back plate; the cross-shaped barrier layer divides the back plate into four independent adhesive film water resistance test areas, and four different adhesive films are respectively placed in the four areas; the water vapor sensitive test paper is distributed near the through holes and in the central area of the back plate.

[0026] Preferably, the shape of the through hole includes any one or a combination of at least two of a rectangle, a square, a circle, a trapezoid or a triangle.

[0027] Preferably, the water vapor sensitive test paper includes cobalt chloride test paper and / or anhydrous copper sulfate reagent.

[0028] Preferably, the material of the cross-shaped barrier layer includes any one or a combination of at least two of butyl rubber, polyurethane or polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0029] Preferably, in each of the adhesive film water resistance test areas, the types of the first adhesive film and the second adhesive film are each independently any one or a combination of at least two of EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer), POE (polyolefin elastomer), PEP (POE-EVA-POE three-layer co-extrusion composite) or EPE (EVA-POE-EVA three-layer co-extrusion composite).

[0030] Preferably, the test parameters of the PCT aging experiment include:

[0031] The temperature is 100-123℃, for example, it can be 100℃, 104℃, 108℃, 112℃, 116℃, 120℃, 121℃, 122℃ or 123℃, etc. The relative humidity is 80-100%, for example, it can be 80%, 90% or 100%, etc. The test time is 90-100h, for example, it can be 90h, 91h, 92h, 93h, 94h, 95h, 96h, 97h, 98h, 99h or 100h, etc.

[0032] Preferably, the water vapor intrusion indication signal is the length of discoloration of the water vapor sensitive test paper; according to the length of discoloration of the water vapor sensitive test paper, the adhesive film can be divided into A, B and C grades; wherein the length of discoloration of the water vapor sensitive test paper of the A grade adhesive film is <0.5cm, for example, it can be 0.4cm, 0.3cm, 0.2cm or 0.1cm, etc., the length of discoloration of the water vapor sensitive test paper of the B grade adhesive film ranges from 0.5cm to 2cm, for example, it can be 0.5cm, 0.8cm, 1cm, 1.5cm or 2cm, etc., the length of discoloration of the water vapor sensitive test paper of the C grade adhesive film is >2cm, for example, it can be 2.1cm, 2.2cm, 2.3cm, 2.4cm or 2.5cm, etc.

[0033] Preferably, the photovoltaic component to be tested is a photovoltaic cell.

[0034] The preparation steps of the laminated component include:

[0035] A plurality of photovoltaic cell pieces are connected in series through a welding strip and a bus bar to form a cell string; a back plate, the cell string and a front plate glass are sequentially laminated and laminated, and then encapsulated with an encapsulation adhesive film.

[0036] The distance between the two side edges of the cell string and the back plate meets the safety requirements of the creepage distance of the component to be tested; the upper and lower bus bars are arranged above and below the cell string respectively, and the distance between the lower edge of the cell string and the back plate meets the safety requirements of the creepage distance of the component to be tested; a lead-out hole is formed in the back plate in the upper region of the cell string for leading out the upper bus bar.

[0037] Preferably, the test parameters of the PCT aging experiment include:

[0038] The temperature is 100-123℃, for example, it can be 100℃, 104℃, 108℃, 112℃, 116℃, 120℃, 121℃, 122℃ or 123℃, etc. The relative humidity is 80-100%, for example, it can be 80%, 90% or 100%, etc. The test time is 90-100h, for example, it can be 90h, 91h, 92h, 93h, 94h, 95h, 96h, 97h, 98h, 99h or 100h, etc.

[0039] Preferably, the water vapor intrusion indication signal is a water vapor intrusion distance, the detection method of the water vapor intrusion distance includes an electroluminescence detection method; according to the water vapor intrusion distance, the photovoltaic cell can be divided into A, B and C levels; wherein the intrusion distance of the A-level photovoltaic cell is <0.5 cm, for example, it can be 0.4 cm, 0.3 cm, 0.2 cm or 0.1 cm, etc., the intrusion distance of the B-level photovoltaic cell is 0.5-2 cm, for example, it can be 0.5 cm, 0.8 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm or 2 cm, etc., and the intrusion distance of the C-level photovoltaic cell is >2 cm, for example, it can be 2.1 cm, 2.2 cm, 2.3 cm, 2.4 cm or 2.5 cm, etc.

[0040] It should be noted that when the electroluminescence detection is performed, if water vapor intrusion occurs, a shadow will be displayed, and thus the water vapor intrusion distance is the length of the detected shadow.

[0041] In a second aspect, the present application provides a photovoltaic device, which comprises a water-blocking tape, an adhesive film and a photovoltaic cell; the photovoltaic device satisfies any one or a combination of at least two of the following conditions:

[0042] The water-blocking tape is the water-blocking tape of the first aspect.

[0043] The adhesive film is the adhesive film of the first aspect.

[0044] The photovoltaic cell is the photovoltaic cell of the first aspect.

[0045] The numerical range of the present application includes not only the point values listed above, but also any point values between the above numerical ranges that are not listed, and for the sake of brevity and simplicity, the present application does not list the specific point values included in the range.

[0046] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0047] (1) The test method designed by the present application efficiently realizes the accurate evaluation of the water-blocking performance of photovoltaic components such as water-blocking tapes, adhesive films and photovoltaic cells, not only simplifies the test process and improves the test efficiency, but also makes the test results have stronger correlation with the long-term weather resistance of the materials in the actual service environment by simulating the real water vapor erosion path inside the module, thereby providing key data support and scientific basis for the development of differentiated and high-reliability photovoltaic devices for different climate conditions, effectively guiding the optimization of material selection and combination, and laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the photovoltaic power generation industry.

[0048] (2) The test method designed based on the application, in combination with the annual precipitation data of various regions in the world, reasonably allocates photovoltaic components such as water-blocking tapes, adhesive films and photovoltaic cells with different water-blocking performances, is beneficial to cost reduction and efficiency improvement, realizes precise design and matching of key materials of photovoltaic devices, ensures long-term operation reliability of the photovoltaic devices in specific environments, and improves the power generation guarantee and service life of the photovoltaic system from the source. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 The front view of the measured assembly provided for example 1 in the application.

[0050] Figure 2 The back view of the measured assembly provided for example 1 in the application.

[0051] Figure 3 The front view of the measured assembly provided for example 2 in the application.

[0052] Figure 4 The back view of the measured assembly provided for example 2 in the application.

[0053] Figure 5 The front view of the measured assembly provided for example 3 in the application.

[0054] Figure 6 The side view of the measured assembly provided for example 1 in the application.

[0055] Figure 7 The preparation process flow chart of the measured assembly provided for example 1 in the application.

[0056] 1-cobalt chloride test paper; 2-through hole; 3-water-blocking tape; 4-cross-shaped barrier layer; 5-upper bus bar; 6-lead-out hole; 7-photovoltaic cell; 8-positive plate glass; 9-photovoltaic packaging adhesive film; 10-aluminum-containing back plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The technical solutions of the application will be further described through specific embodiments. Those skilled in the art should understand that the embodiments are only used to help understand the application and should not be regarded as specific limitations on the application.

[0058] It should be understood that, in the description of the present application, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second" and the like are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" and the like can be explicitly or implicitly included one or more. In the description of the present application, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise specified.

[0059] It should be noted that, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "provided", "connected", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or it can be integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium; it can be the communication inside two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood through specific circumstances.

[0060] In one specific embodiment, the present application provides a test method for water vapor barrier capability of a photovoltaic component, the test method comprising the following steps:

[0061] A test assembly is provided, which includes a test photovoltaic component, which is any one of a water-blocking tape, a film or a photovoltaic cell, or a combination of at least two of them.

[0062] A PCT aging test is performed on the test photovoltaic component, and a water vapor intrusion indication signal related to the water-blocking capability of the test photovoltaic component is monitored to evaluate the water-blocking capability of the test photovoltaic component.

[0063] The test method designed by the present application efficiently realizes the precise evaluation of the water-blocking performance of photovoltaic components such as water-blocking tapes, films and photovoltaic cell pieces, not only simplifies the test process and improves the test efficiency, but also simulates the real water vapor erosion path inside the assembly, so that the test results have stronger correlation with the long-term weather resistance of the material in the actual service environment, thereby providing key data support and scientific basis for the development of differentiated and high-reliability photovoltaic devices for different climate conditions, effectively guiding the optimization of material selection and combination, and laying a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the photovoltaic power generation industry.

[0064] The test method designed based on the application, in combination with annual precipitation data in various regions of the world, reasonably allocates photovoltaic components such as water-blocking tapes, adhesive films and photovoltaic cells with different water-blocking performances, is beneficial to cost reduction and efficiency improvement, realizes precise design and matching of key materials of photovoltaic devices, ensures long-term operation reliability of the photovoltaic devices in specific environments, and improves power generation guarantee and service life of the photovoltaic system from the source.

[0065] It should be noted that the PCT aging test refers to a high-voltage accelerated aging experiment.

[0066] Further, the to-be-tested photovoltaic component is a water-blocking tape.

[0067] The preparation steps of the laminated component include:

[0068] The back plate, the first encapsulating adhesive film, the water vapor sensitive test paper, the second encapsulating adhesive film and the front plate glass are sequentially laminated; wherein a plurality of through holes are formed around the center of the back plate, and a water-blocking tape is attached to the opening end of the through hole away from the first encapsulating adhesive film; the water vapor sensitive test paper is distributed near the through hole and in the central area of the back plate.

[0069] It should be noted that "several" means at least 1, for example, 2, 4 or 6, etc.

[0070] For example, the size of the front plate glass can be 400nm*400nm, etc. The same applies below.

[0071] It should be noted that the application does not limit the material of the first encapsulating adhesive film and the second encapsulating adhesive film. For example, it can be EVA or POE, etc.

[0072] In the application, the water vapor sensitive test paper distributed in the central area of the back plate is used as a blank control group. The same applies below.

[0073] Further, the back plate is an aluminum-containing back plate.

[0074] Further, the plurality of through holes are arranged in an array.

[0075] Further, the shape of the through hole includes any one or a combination of at least two of a rectangle, a square, a circle, a trapezoid or a triangle.

[0076] Further, the water vapor sensitive test paper includes cobalt chloride test paper and / or anhydrous copper sulfate reagent.

[0077] Further, the area of the water-blocking tape is greater than the area of the through hole to which the water-blocking tape is attached.

[0078] Further, the test parameters of the PCT aging experiment include:

[0079] The temperature is 100-123 DEG C, for example, it can be 100 DEG C, 104 DEG C, 108 DEG C, 112 DEG C, 116 DEG C, 120 DEG C, 121 DEG C, 122 DEG C or 123 DEG C, etc. The relative humidity is 80-100%, for example, it can be 80%, 90% or 100%, etc. The test time is 90-100h, for example, it can be 90h, 91h, 92h, 93h, 94h, 95h, 96h, 97h, 98h, 99h or 100h, etc.

[0080] Further, the water vapor invasion indication signal is the discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper; according to the discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper, the water blocking tape can be divided into A, B and C grades; wherein the discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper of the A grade water blocking tape is <0.5cm, for example, it can be 0.4cm, 0.3cm, 0.2cm or 0.1cm, etc. The discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper of the B grade water blocking tape ranges from 0.5cm to 2cm, for example, it can be 0.5cm, 0.8cm, 1cm, 1.5cm or 2cm, etc. The discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper of the C grade water blocking tape is >2cm, for example, it can be 2.1cm, 2.2cm, 2.3cm, 2.4cm or 2.5cm, etc.

[0081] It should be noted that the waterproof grade of the water blocking tape is not limited to A, B and C grades, and can be further refined according to the actual situation.

[0082] The above method is used to test the water blocking performance of the water blocking tape, and after the test, each material is classified according to the performance, and the high-reliability photovoltaic module suitable for different humidity environment requirements can be designed by matching each other.

[0083] Further, the photovoltaic component to be tested is a first adhesive film or a second adhesive film.

[0084] The preparation steps of the laminated component include:

[0085] The back plate, the first adhesive film, the water vapor sensitive test paper, the cross-shaped barrier layer and the front plate glass are sequentially stacked and laminated, or the back plate, the water vapor sensitive test paper, the second adhesive film, the cross-shaped barrier layer and the front plate glass are sequentially stacked and laminated; wherein a plurality of through holes are formed around the center of the back plate; the cross-shaped barrier layer divides the back plate into four independent adhesive film water blocking performance test areas, and four different adhesive films are respectively arranged in the four areas; the water vapor sensitive test paper is distributed near the through holes and in the center area of the back plate.

[0086] Further, the back plate is an aluminum-containing back plate.

[0087] Further, the plurality of through holes are arranged in an array.

[0088] Further, the shape of the through hole comprises any one or a combination of at least two of a rectangle, a square, a circle, a trapezoid or a triangle.

[0089] Further, the water vapor sensitive test paper comprises a cobalt chloride test paper and / or anhydrous copper sulfate reagent.

[0090] Further, the material of the cross-shaped barrier layer comprises any one or a combination of at least two of butyl rubber, polyurethane or polytetrafluoroethylene.

[0091] Further, in each of the adhesive film water resistance test areas, the types of the first adhesive film and the second adhesive film are any one or a combination of at least two of EVA, POE, PEP or EPE.

[0092] Further, the test parameters of the PCT aging experiment comprise:

[0093] The temperature is 100-123℃, for example, it can be 100℃, 104℃, 108℃, 112℃, 116℃, 120℃, 121℃, 122℃ or 123℃, etc. The relative humidity is 80-100%, for example, it can be 80%, 90% or 100%, etc. The test time is 90-100h, for example, it can be 90h, 91h, 92h, 93h, 94h, 95h, 96h, 97h, 98h, 99h or 100h, etc.

[0094] Further, the water vapor intrusion indication signal is the discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper; according to the discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper, the adhesive film can be divided into A, B and C grades; wherein the discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper of the A grade adhesive film is <0.5cm, for example, it can be 0.4cm, 0.3cm, 0.2cm or 0.1cm, etc. The discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper of the B grade adhesive film ranges from 0.5-2cm, for example, it can be 0.5cm, 0.8cm, 1cm, 1.5cm or 2cm, etc. The discoloration length of the water vapor sensitive test paper of the C grade adhesive film is >2cm, for example, it can be 2.1cm, 2.2cm, 2.3cm, 2.4cm or 2.5cm, etc.

[0095] It should be noted that the waterproof grade of the adhesive film is not limited to A, B and C grades, and can be further refined according to the actual situation.

[0096] The above method can simultaneously test the water resistance of four kinds of adhesive films, and after testing, each material is classified according to the performance, and the high-reliability photovoltaic module suitable for different humidity environments can be designed by matching each other.

[0097] Further, the to-be-tested photovoltaic component is a photovoltaic cell.

[0098] The to-be-tested assembly is a laminate, and the preparation steps of the laminate include:

[0099] A plurality of photovoltaic cells are connected in series through a welding strip and a bus bar to form a cell string; a back plate, the cell string, and a front plate glass are sequentially stacked and laminated, and then encapsulated using an encapsulation film.

[0100] The distance between the two side edges of the cell string and the back plate meets the safety requirement of the creepage distance of the to-be-tested assembly; an upper bus bar and a lower bus bar are respectively arranged above and below the cell string, and the distance between the lower edge of the cell string and the back plate meets the safety requirement of the creepage distance of the to-be-tested assembly; a lead-out hole is formed in the back plate in the upper region of the cell string for leading out the upper bus bar.

[0101] It should be noted that "a plurality of" means at least 1, for example, 2, 4, or 6, etc.

[0102] For example, the photovoltaic cell can be a Topcon, BC, HJT, or perovskite cell, etc.

[0103] Further, the back plate is an aluminum-containing back plate.

[0104] Further, the test parameters of the PCT aging experiment include:

[0105] The temperature is 100-123℃, for example, 100℃, 104℃, 108℃, 112℃, 116℃, 120℃, 121℃, 122℃, or 123℃, etc. The relative humidity is 80-100%, for example, 80%, 90%, or 100%, etc. The test time is 90-100h, for example, 90h, 91h, 92h, 93h, 94h, 95h, 96h, 97h, 98h, 99h, or 100h, etc.

[0106] Further, the water vapor intrusion indication signal is the distance of water vapor intrusion, and the detection method of the distance of water vapor intrusion includes electroluminescence detection; according to the distance of water vapor intrusion, the photovoltaic cell can be divided into A, B, and C grades; wherein the intrusion distance of the A-grade photovoltaic cell is <0.5cm, for example, 0.4cm, 0.3cm, 0.2cm, or 0.1cm, etc. The intrusion distance of the B-grade photovoltaic cell is 0.5-2cm, for example, 0.5cm, 0.8cm, 1cm, 1.5cm, or 2cm, etc. The intrusion distance of the C-grade photovoltaic cell is >2cm, for example, 2.1cm, 2.2cm, 2.3cm, 2.4cm, or 2.5cm, etc.

[0107] It should be noted that the waterproof level of the photovoltaic cell is not limited to A, B, C three levels, which can be further refined according to the actual situation.

[0108] It should be noted that when electroluminescence detection, if water vapor invades, it will show a shadow, so the distance of water vapor invasion is also the length of the detected shadow.

[0109] The present application adopts electroluminescence detection method to observe the water vapor invasion when testing the water resistance performance of photovoltaic cell, and after testing, the photovoltaic cell is classified according to the performance, and the high reliable photovoltaic module suitable for different humidity environment requirements can be designed by matching each other.

[0110] In another specific embodiment, the present application provides a photovoltaic device, which comprises a waterproof tape, a film and a photovoltaic cell; the photovoltaic device meets any one or a combination of at least two of the following conditions:

[0111] The waterproof tape is the waterproof tape described above.

[0112] The film is the film described above.

[0113] The photovoltaic cell is the photovoltaic cell described above.

[0114] Example 1

[0115] The present embodiment provides a test method for water vapor barrier ability of photovoltaic component, which comprises the following steps:

[0116] (1) providing a test assembly, which comprises a test photovoltaic component, and the test photovoltaic component is a waterproof tape.

[0117] The test assembly is a laminated piece, and the front view, back view and side view thereof are shown in Figure 1 、 Figure 2 and Figure 6 The preparation process flow chart of the laminated piece is shown in Figure 7 , which comprises the following steps:

[0118] (a) a hole 2 is opened in the predetermined position of the aluminum-containing back plate 10 with an art knife, and the center area of the aluminum-containing back plate 10 remains intact, and the waterproof tape 3 is attached on the aluminum-containing back plate 10.

[0119] (b) laminating the aluminum-containing back plate 10, the first encapsulant film (i.e., the first film), the cobalt chloride test paper 1, the second encapsulant film (i.e., the second film), and the front glass 8 in sequence; wherein the aluminum-containing back plate 10 has a plurality of rectangular through holes 2 arranged in an array around the center of the back plate, and a water-blocking tape 3 is attached to the opening end of the through hole 2 away from the first encapsulant film; the cobalt chloride test paper 1 is distributed near the through hole 2 and in the central region of the aluminum-containing back plate 10; the area of the water-blocking tape 3 is greater than that of the through hole 2 to which the water-blocking tape 3 is attached, and the width of the water-blocking tape 3 is 2 mm greater than that of the through hole 2; and the first and second encapsulant films are crosslinked together to form a photovoltaic encapsulant film 9 after lamination.

[0120] (2) performing a PCT aging test on the photovoltaic component to be tested, and evaluating the water-blocking ability of the photovoltaic component to be tested by monitoring a water vapor intrusion indication signal related to the water-blocking ability of the photovoltaic component to be tested.

[0121] The test parameters of the PCT aging test include a temperature of 121℃, a relative humidity of 100%, and a test time of 96h; the water vapor intrusion indication signal is the discoloration length of the cobalt chloride test paper 1; and the water-blocking tape 3 can be divided into A1, B1, and C1 grades according to the discoloration length of the cobalt chloride test paper 1, the discoloration length of the cobalt chloride test paper 1 of the A1 grade water-blocking tape is <0.5 cm, the discoloration length of the cobalt chloride test paper 1 of the B1 grade water-blocking tape ranges from 0.5 to 2 cm, and the discoloration length of the cobalt chloride test paper 1 of the C1 grade water-blocking tape is >2 cm.

[0122] Example 2

[0123] The present embodiment provides a test method for the water vapor blocking ability of a photovoltaic component, which comprises the following steps:

[0124] (1) providing a component to be tested, which comprises a photovoltaic component to be tested, and the photovoltaic component to be tested is a first film.

[0125] The component to be tested is a laminated part, and the front view and the back view thereof are shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 The preparation steps of the laminated part include:

[0126] (a) using an art knife to open through holes 2 at predetermined positions of an aluminum-containing back plate, and keeping the central region of the aluminum-containing back plate intact.

[0127] (b) An aluminum-containing backplate, a first adhesive film, cobalt chloride test paper 1, a cross-shaped barrier layer 4, and a positive glass plate are sequentially stacked and laminated; wherein, the aluminum-containing backplate has several rectangular through holes 2 arranged in an array around the center of the backplate; the cross-shaped barrier layer 4 divides the aluminum-containing backplate into four independent adhesive film water-blocking performance test areas, denoted as the first area, the second area, the third area, and the fourth area; four different adhesive films are placed in the four areas respectively; the cobalt chloride test paper is distributed near the through holes 2 and in the central area of ​​the aluminum-containing backplate; the material of the cross-shaped barrier layer 4 is butyl rubber; the adhesive film materials in the first area, the second area, the third area, and the fourth area are EVA, POE, PEP, and EPE, respectively.

[0128] (2) The photovoltaic component under test is subjected to a PCT aging test. The water resistance of the photovoltaic component under test is evaluated by monitoring the water vapor intrusion indication signal related to the water resistance of the photovoltaic component under test.

[0129] The test parameters for the PCT aging test include: a temperature of 121℃, a relative humidity of 100%, and a test time of 96 hours. The water vapor intrusion indicator signal is the color change length of the cobalt chloride test paper 1. Based on the color change length of the cobalt chloride test paper 1, the film can be divided into grades A2, B2, and C2. The color change length of the cobalt chloride test paper 1 in grade A2 film is <0.5cm, the color change length of the cobalt chloride test paper 1 in grade B2 film ranges from 0.5 to 2cm, and the color change length of the cobalt chloride test paper 1 in grade C2 film is >2cm.

[0130] Example 3

[0131] This embodiment provides a method for testing the water vapor barrier capability of photovoltaic components, the method comprising the following steps:

[0132] (1) Provide a component under test, wherein the component under test includes a photovoltaic component under test, wherein the photovoltaic component under test is a photovoltaic cell, and the photovoltaic cell is a Topcon cell.

[0133] The component under test is a laminate, and its front top view is shown below. Figure 5 As shown, the fabrication steps of the laminate include:

[0134] (a) Connect six photovoltaic cells 7 in series using solder strips and busbars to form a battery string;

[0135] (b) The aluminum backplate, the battery string, and the front glass are stacked and laminated in sequence, and then encapsulated with an encapsulating film; wherein the distance between the two sides of the battery string and the backplate meets the safety requirements for creepage distance of the device under test; an upper busbar 5 and a lower busbar are respectively provided above and below the battery string, and the distance between the lower edge of the battery string and the backplate meets the safety requirements for creepage distance of the device under test; an outlet hole 6 is provided on the aluminum backplate in the area above the battery string for leading out the upper busbar 5.

[0136] (2) The photovoltaic component under test is subjected to a PCT aging test. The water resistance of the photovoltaic component under test is evaluated by monitoring the water vapor intrusion indication signal related to the water resistance of the photovoltaic component under test.

[0137] The test parameters for the PCT aging test include: a temperature of 121℃, a relative humidity of 100%, and a test time of 192 hours. The water vapor intrusion indicator signal is the distance of water vapor intrusion, and the detection method for the water vapor intrusion distance includes electroluminescence detection. Based on the water vapor intrusion distance, photovoltaic cells can be classified into A3, B3, and C3 grades. The intrusion distance for A3 grade photovoltaic cells is <0.5cm, the intrusion distance for B3 grade photovoltaic cells is 0.5-2cm, and the intrusion distance for C3 grade photovoltaic cells is >2cm.

[0138] Furthermore, based on the amount of annual precipitation, different regions can be divided into seven categories: arid regions, semi-arid regions, semi-humid regions, humid regions, rainy regions, concentrated rainfall regions, and extreme rainfall regions. In order to match the water blocking requirements of different regions, the photovoltaic components of different levels obtained by the present invention through the above testing method can be matched with the seven different rainfall types of regions.

[0139] The matching methods are shown in Table 1.

[0140] Table 1

[0141]

[0142] Therefore, in the face of complex and ever-changing climate environments, only by working together with a variety of materials can we maximize our advantages at the lowest cost. Thus, based on the different annual rainfall, we have divided the climate into seven different dry and wet zones and matched them with photovoltaic components with different water-blocking properties, so that we can design a comprehensive solution that can adapt to various climate conditions.

[0143] It should be noted that the present invention is illustrated through the above embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above process steps, that is, it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above process steps to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvements to the present invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials used in the present invention, additions of auxiliary components, selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for testing the water vapor barrier capability of a photovoltaic component, characterized in that, The testing method includes the following steps: Provide a component under test, the component under test including a photovoltaic component under test, the photovoltaic component under test being any one or a combination of at least two of water-blocking tape, adhesive film or photovoltaic cell; The photovoltaic component under test was subjected to a PCT aging test, and the water resistance of the photovoltaic component under test was evaluated by monitoring the water vapor intrusion indication signal related to the water resistance of the photovoltaic component under test.

2. The test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic component under test is a water-blocking tape; The component under test is a laminate, and the preparation steps of the laminate include: The back plate, the first encapsulating film, the moisture-sensitive test paper, the second encapsulating film, and the front glass are sequentially stacked and laminated; wherein, the back plate has a plurality of through holes around the center of the back plate, and water-blocking tape is attached to the opening end of the through holes away from the first encapsulating film; the moisture-sensitive test paper is distributed near the through holes and in the central area of ​​the back plate.

3. The test method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The shape of the through hole includes any one or a combination of at least two of the following: rectangle, square, circle, trapezoid, or triangle; And / or, the moisture-sensitive test paper includes cobalt chloride test paper and / or anhydrous copper sulfate reagent; And / or, the area of ​​the water-blocking tape is larger than the area of ​​the corresponding through hole to which the water-blocking tape is applied.

4. The test method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The test parameters for the PCT aging test include: Temperature: 100-123℃; relative humidity: 80-100%; test duration: 90-100 hours. And / or, the moisture intrusion indication signal is the color change length of the moisture-sensitive test paper; according to the color change length of the moisture-sensitive test paper, the water-blocking tape can be divided into Grade A, Grade B and Grade C; wherein, the color change length of the moisture-sensitive test paper of Grade A water-blocking tape is <0.5cm, the color change length of the moisture-sensitive test paper of Grade B water-blocking tape is in the range of 0.5-2cm, and the color change length of the moisture-sensitive test paper of Grade C water-blocking tape is >2cm.

5. The test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic component under test is either a first adhesive film or a second adhesive film; The component under test is a laminate, and the preparation steps of the laminate include: The backplate, the first adhesive film, the water vapor-sensitive test paper, the cross-shaped barrier layer, and the front glass are sequentially stacked and laminated, or the backplate, the water vapor-sensitive test paper, the second adhesive film, the cross-shaped barrier layer, and the front glass are sequentially stacked and laminated. The backplate has several through holes around its center. The cross-shaped barrier layer divides the backplate into four independent water-blocking performance testing areas, with four different adhesive films placed in each of the four areas. The water vapor-sensitive test paper is distributed near the through holes and in the central area of ​​the backplate.

6. The test method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The shape of the through hole includes any one or a combination of at least two of the following: rectangle, square, circle, trapezoid, or triangle; And / or, the moisture-sensitive test paper includes cobalt chloride test paper and / or anhydrous copper sulfate reagent; And / or, the material of the cross-shaped barrier layer includes any one or a combination of at least two of butyl rubber, polyurethane or polytetrafluoroethylene; And / or, in each of the said membrane water-blocking performance test areas, the first membrane and the second membrane are each independently of any one or a combination of at least two of EVA, POE, PEP or EPE.

7. The test method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The test parameters for the PCT aging test include: Temperature: 100-123℃; relative humidity: 80-100%; test duration: 90-100 hours. And / or, the moisture intrusion indication signal is the color change length of the moisture-sensitive test paper; according to the color change length of the moisture-sensitive test paper, the film can be divided into grade A, grade B and grade C; wherein, the color change length of the grade A film moisture-sensitive test paper is <0.5cm, the color change length of the grade B film moisture-sensitive test paper is in the range of 0.5-2cm, and the color change length of the grade C film moisture-sensitive test paper is >2cm.

8. The test method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic component under test is a photovoltaic cell; The component under test is a laminate, and the preparation steps of the laminate include: Several photovoltaic cells are connected in series using solder ribbons and busbars to form a battery string; a back sheet, a first encapsulating film, the battery string, a second encapsulating film, and a front glass plate are sequentially stacked and laminated. The distance between the two side edges of the battery string and the backplate meets the safety requirements for creepage distance of the component under test; an upper busbar and a lower busbar are respectively provided above and below the battery string, and the distance between the lower edge of the battery string and the backplate meets the safety requirements for creepage distance of the component under test; an outlet hole is provided on the backplate in the upper area of ​​the battery string for leading out the upper busbar and the lower busbar.

9. The test method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The test parameters for the PCT aging test include: The temperature is 100-123℃, the relative humidity is 80-100%, and the test time is 190-200h; And / or, the moisture intrusion indication signal is the distance of moisture intrusion, and the detection method for the distance of moisture intrusion includes electroluminescence detection; according to the distance of moisture intrusion, photovoltaic cells can be divided into Grade A, Grade B and Grade C; wherein, the intrusion distance of Grade A photovoltaic cells is <0.5cm, the intrusion distance of Grade B photovoltaic cells is 0.5-2cm, and the intrusion distance of Grade C photovoltaic cells is >2cm.

10. A photovoltaic device, characterized in that, The photovoltaic device includes a water-blocking tape, an adhesive film, and photovoltaic cells; the photovoltaic device satisfies any one or at least a combination of two of the following conditions: The water-blocking tape is the water-blocking tape according to any one of claims 2-4; The adhesive film is the adhesive film according to any one of claims 5-7; The photovoltaic cell is the photovoltaic cell described in claim 8 or 9.

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